rnE morning oregotian. Saturday, January 21, 1911.
10
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MR. BOOi-VlXI OX ORMiOS.
Th. nret-oclan has deemed it
worth- while to print today extracts
from a signed article by Theodore
lloo-evalt published In The Outlook:
or January 21. Mr. Roosevelt has
riven an illuminative and intelligent
tUscuaslon of the Initiative and refer
anduoi and the recall. He has bal
anced their good and their bad faults
to a nicety and has described In a
-eneral way the .afesamrd that
nould be placed around such power
when slanted the people that it may
not be abused. "
It Is Interesting to observe, bow
rrer, that the very safeguards that
Mr. Roosevelt suggests as necessary
are absent In OriKun, but that he
express the opinion that the prin
ciple In Oregon has rroduccd good
results 'certainly In the case of the
referendum and probably In the case
of the Initiative."
"If It Is rendered too easy to in
roke either process the result can
only 1 mischievous." says the ex
President. The ordinary citizen in
private life, he aerts, neither can
nor ought W spend his time In fol
lowing tha minutiae of legislation;
this work ought to be delegated to
the legislators. If scores of bills are
nrvntMl tha terc
r ntnie .or wise titr-
rlslons will be less" than if only a few
of reaHy great Important are pre-'if
ented. To quote again: "It is nec-
a-uard not only against the
cranks and well-meaning bu-ybodies
wtth fad, but alo against the ex
treme laxity with which men are ac
customed to sign petitions.".
Can anybody suggest an easier way
to Invoke the Initiative or referendum
than the method provided In Oregon?
Eight rr cent of the legal voters,
estimated on the vote cast for Su
preme Judge. wtU Invoke the. Initia
tive in Oregon and 5 per cent will
Invoke the referendum. There Is no
safeguard againat Indiscriminate and
unintelligent signing of potltion.
Oregon had more than a score of
measures to approve or reject In the
last election thirty-two in all. We
expressed our opinion on state own
erhln of railroads, on woman's suf
frage, on prohibition, on proportional
election of members of the Legisla
ture, on a scheme providing for a
rplnr department, and the Issuance
of a state magazine devoted to politi
cal debate, on a measure depriving
the Legialature of IU power V pas
tax laws and on a round dozen or
more of bills of local Interest and of
no general Importance. IV adopted
some of them. too. If there were any
"well-meaning busybodles" or fad
dists who did not Inflict their Ideas
on the public in the form of bills or
amendments It was not because the
ready means were not at hand. With
all this we elected a full state ticket.
Were the results achieved good or
had? It Is still problematical; and
we do not take wholly the hopeful
view expressed by Mr. Roosevelt. The
results are problematical because no
ene knows what mean some of tha
tir r-Ttant measures adopted.
The brightest lights of the Oregon
rar cannot agree n.the Interpreta
tion of the amendment designed to
reform procedure on appeals to the
Firrerae ourt. and the Supreme
!irt Itself has arked lawyer In gen
eral to submit briefs to aid it In
reaching a conclusion.
On the amendment designed to give
cities home rule In controlling the 11
rjnor traffic the Attorney-General has
reversed himself, tho lawyers em
ployed by the liquor Interests do not
agree with him. and a ruling by the
courts Is to be Invoked. ,
A Mil to establish a branch insane
asylum in Eastern Oregon has pro
voked a bitter political row and has
resulted in revere charges against
high officials.
A fisheries fill of direct Interest to
about S per cent of the people of the
state was adopted and will destroy for
the benefit of sportsmen with hook
and line a canning Industry la which
1100.000 has keen invented.
In the amendment taking from the
Legislature the power to regulate tax
ation, opening is -given for every tax
faddist to present his ideas in the form
of state or county measures. We
have gone deep Into the "minutiae of
legislation' and are preparing to go
deeper.
What Mr. Roosevelt has mentioned
as the possible bad results of an un
restricted form of the Initiative and
referendum have come to pass In Ore
gon. Experience here hits proved the
soundness of his conclusions.
But let Sir. Roosevelt beware. The
Oregonlan has been preaching the
same doctrine. It has advocated the
safeguarding of the initiative and ref
erendum so that the processes may be
applied only In matters of Importance
and solely as weapons of offense or
defense against the legislative thwart
ing of the public will. And The Ore-
gonlan has been roundly accused of
holdfrr enmity for this principle of
government.
Andrew Carnegie has given another
ll.00.000 to the research fund of
the Carnegie Institution at Washing
ton. Lest the public should become
fearful that Andy may become Impov
erished through this liberality, atten
tion is called to some of the testimony
of Mr. Brandeis who has been ex
posing the prodigality of the railroads.
According to Mr. Brandeis it costs 115
per ton to manufacture steel rails and
the minimum price to the railroads Is
12S. The profit is thus neatly 100
per cent. The same generous profits
are returned on other forms of steel.
It Is estimated that this country uses
boat 1 5.000,000 tons of steel annual-
ly, so the profits to Carnegie and bis
friends who control the steel business
are fully 1150.000.000 In excess of I
fair and reasonable return on the In
vestment. If the people had cheaper
steel and steel products they might get
along with a few millions less for
peace, scientific research, hero funds
and libraries.
IX GRKEK ATT IKK.
It Is possible that time and increase
of wisdom may temper the natural
aversion which the Portland patrol
men feel for the costume of the an
clent Greeks. It Is reported tha
when one of the modern lovers or this
caht attire disclosed himself on our
streets the" other day he was rudely
entreated. He was even threatened
with a dungeon cell, while a club" Im
pended over his head. To our mod
ern taste, perverted by trousers, stiff
shlrt-bo.soms and high collars, the
Greek simplicity of costume cannot
be other than startling. Thosesllght
some and healthy ancients wore little
but a aheet wrapped more or' lees
closely around them. Often they
elided even the sheet and appeared
just as Adam and Eve did before the
unfortunate Incident of the apple.
It Is understood, however, that
Raymond Duncan, the apostle of
Hellenism who favored Portland with
. his presence the other day, did not
Ami V a .h..! If. n.a it u-rartntd
shib-erlngly around his exqaislte
form, albeit his shins shone ou( icily
bare. Was he barefoot? History
sayeth nothing to the contrary, so to
make the picture complete we will
suppose he was.
The costume of the ancient Greeks
may 'perhaps leave something to be
desired as a fashion for these climes.
Our weather Is more unkindly than
that of the Athenians In the days of
Pericles. Sophocles says of those
enviable slaveholders that they
"marched ever delicately through
most pellucid air." - Our air Is often
times anything but pellucid and oc
casionally It Is too thick with rain to
be marched through at all. But for
all 'that there is little to be said in
behalf of our usual attire. It Is ugly.
Inconvenient and unwholesome. The
starched shirt and collar propagate
diseases of the throat. . The Htlff cuffs
are devices of Satan. Tho lower half
of the trousers legs Is an imperti
nence. The Inflexible hat has made
us all baldheaded.
Surely something better could be
figured out for modern wear If on
! of our numerous geniuses would only
I apply his mind to the problem. But
he did. would we consent to clothe
ourselves in his creations? Probably
not. Humanity Is not only desperate
ly wicked, but It is also deispcratcly
foollsh and It usually welcomes re
forms cither with brickbats or the
policeman's cluht Very likely several
generations must elapse before we
leave off either trousers or the derby
hat.
THE HOT KN t-KE Li. II CK IDKA.
Tosslbly Slate Senator Kellaher
would have got along better with his
little resolution at Salem if his mo
tives had not been so obviously politi
cal and personal. He wanted to put
the Legislature "on record." To get
it on record he Insisted that It declare
the "Oregon plan" the "best system of
government in the world."
Kellaher meant, of course, the
"Bourne method." The very phrase
ology was Invented by Bourne and
the whole business resolution, pri
vate stenographer to take It all down
ana so rorth and so forth smelt of
the Bourne strategy and the Bourne
typewriter. Everything came from
Bourne: It would have rnne back to
Bourne as an official public Indorse
ment of the man and his methods.
That was the game. It failed main
ly because Bourne proposed It. Ore
gon Is tired of Bourne. Nobody Is for
him nobody who will openly defend
and support him. Everything must
be done by stealth, under cover, as a
result of the pulling of strings by
which Bourne attaches himself to.
men here and there like Kellaher.
who will "play the game."
How does Kellaher or anybody
know that Oregon has the best gov
ernment In the world? What Im
mense assumption for anybody any
where to say solemnly In an official
public utterance that any government
was or is the best. The Kellaher per
formance was Incsedibly sIHy.
KKMTRRECTIX) COMltf tORT
A(.E.
m.oT-
The State Board of Pilot Commis
sioners Is unduly alarmed over the
abolishment of compulsory pilotage.
In Its report submitted to the Gover
nor the board gravely predicts that
Unless the Legislature intervenes it
will be only a question of time until
"a great commonwealth with a large
ocean commerce will be without a li
censed pilot at the entrance to its
greatest port."
This belated attempt to revive com
pulsory pilotage, the greatest handicap
ever placed on our deep-water ship
ping, should receive scant consider
ation. Compulsory pilotage was abol
ished for the purpose of breaking up,
at the entrance of the Columbia River,
a pilot ring that for years had levied
on shipping a toll out of all proportion
to the service rendered. The ancient
system, which was displaced through
the efforts of the Portland business
men who were in a position to know
what kind of a service was needed
was followed by the best service we
ever had.
The Port of Portland has had no
diniculty in securing the services of
the best bar pilots engaged in the
business, and their tenure of. employ
ment has always been based on the
quality of their work. In additlorr-to
this improvement there has been a
number of independent pilots, who in
their eagerness to give ships the beet
possible service for the monov
traveled, to San Francisco, to Seattle
and to Vancouver. B. C. to meet In
coming ships and pilot them over the
b"r proceeding unheard of in the
.y" P comPu'ory pilotage,
when the pilots took orders from no
one. Every pilot operating at the
mouth of the Columbia River Is "li
censed by the United States Govern
ment: the men holding these licenses
are se ected by the Port of Portland
v.u........' -oieiy on their merits.
There will never be a time when the
"greatest port" of this "great com
monwealth" will be without "a. li
censed pilot."
The Board of Pilot Commissioners
suggests that the state provide a
power pilot schooner upon which
Pilots "licensed by the State' Board of
Pilot Commissioners may be served
and accommodated, that under any
and all contingencies the great com
merce of . this port may be served by
a sufficient number of capable licensed
rjllots at all times," The Port of Port
land, using ono of its bar tugs as a
cruising pilot boat, and with the power
schooner Joseph PullWer also in serv
ice, is giving a better pilot service
than the state ever gave or ever could
give, and the burden on" shipping is
lighter than it has ever been.
There is absolutely no reason for
any -hange in the present excellent
pilotage and towage system at the
mouth of the river, and a very slight
investigation Is all that will be needed
to convince the Legislature that there
Is nothing in the suggestions of tne
Pilot Commissioners entitled to con
slderatlon.
ComDulsory pilotage will never
again be permitted ith its poor serv
ice to levy toll on the commerce of
the Columbia River, and It Is surpris
ing that its restoration should be
urged by the Pilot Commission.
Ol'R OMIXOUS CXrRKFA REDNESS.
Congressman Humphrey's eye must
have been In "a fine frenzy rolling'
at the annual banquet of the Lake
Carriers' Association at Detroit Thurs
day evening. "The nations of the
earth know our condition," declared
Mr. Humphrey, "and they know that
we are utterly unprepared for war,
They know that our Army Is too small
and thai our Navy is practically help
less because we have no merchant ves
sets as an auxiliary."
Shivers must have run up and down
the banquet board and the spines of
the banqueters when the member
from Washington Informed them that
"Japan could seize Seattle. Tacoma,
Portland, tho Bremerton Government
Xavy-yiw-d, five great transcontinental
runways, rortiry mountain passes, ana
have an empire upon which to live
before the United States could get
75,000 troops to the Pacific Ocean."
The United States has a reputation
extending back clear into the British
king row for being unprepared for
war. and for licking the everlasting
stuffing out of the antagonist who mis
takes the meaning of our unprepared
ness. The thing that prepares the
United States or any other really great
nation for war is some real or fancied
wrong, wjilch, suddenly unfolded be
fore the gaze, produces the enervating
effect that Is shown in a bull when a
red rag Is flaunted before him. This
National spirit developed quite rapidly
when the Maine was blown up in Ha
vana harbor, and it also flared up with
a rush when Sumter was fired on. We
were not even "prepared" for war in
1812 or In 177S, but in spite of our
unpreparedness we managed to make
very creditable showing.
It Is true, as stated by Congressman
Humphrey, "the nations of the earth
know our condition." They also know
something about our past history.
Meanwhile, if it will allay the fears
of Mr. Humphrey to have an auxiliary
merchant marine, he might trot swift
ly back to Washington and Introduce
bill permitting the Government and
private citizens to secure a fleet of
cheap, well-built vessels such, as are(
always to be round on the bargain
counters of the foreign shipbuilders.
Money talks, and the foreign ship
builder has not yet learned to distin
guish between that which has an
American and that which has a for
eign ring.
DEKT BKA IlSIIF.rU KS.
Two Bandon men will leave. Febru
ary 1. on a cruise west of Cape Blanco
to search for halibut banks which are
supposed to exist In that vicinity.
Whllo halibut have been taken la
small numbers at a dozen places off
the Oregon coast, no definite attempt
has ever been made to locate their
breeding grounds, and If "banks" of
similar Importance to those off North
ern British Columbia can be found In
this vicinity, a new and promising In
dustry will be added to the many that
are already Increasing the wealth of
the Oregonlans. Now that Portland
has become the greatest railroad cen
ter on the Pacific Coast, our oppor
tunities for distributing sea food are
superior to those of any other port,
and the market for fish and other
sea foods could be enlarged In
definitely. Halibut has, perhaps, attracted
more attentiou than any other of the
Taclflc Coast food fishes, but right
off the Oregon coast, there are prac
tically unlimited quantities of ling cod,
redflsh. flounders, porgles. herring and
other palatable fish which would find
a ready market throughout the Pacific
Northwest and far into the Rocky
Mountain country.
Development of resources on land
has been so highly remunerative, in
this state that little attention has been
paid to our deep sea resources, but in
the future they are destined to attract
much more.
bio noons of ei and 'so.
The greatest Willamette River flood
was probably that of December 1861.
Such is the verdict of "otdest-settler"
pioneers. Although "long-ago" floods
often grow in subsequent narrative,
there Is no doubt that the volume of
water that swelled tho AVIllamette
River forty-nine years ago was greater
than any since that time.
Next ln size was the flood of Feb
ruary. 1890. Many clUzens remember
that the old Morrison bridge was ex
pected to fall before its current. The
height of the river then was 28.7 feet
and large part of the northern dis
trict of the city was awash.
Minor floods were those of Febru
ary. 1881. when the river stood 28. 8
feet at Portland, and of February.
iatM, wnen tne recorded height was
22.S. The present rush of water will
be classed with lesser floods. "
In each of these cases the "high
water" has been that of the Willam
ette River. The Columbia River
freshet does not reach Its crest until
May and June, and although it may
raise the Willamette River to greater
height, as to 30 feet in 1894. yet the
river at Portland then is "dead" or
quiet, on account of "back water."
The flood that causes most damage
to property In Portland Is that of the
Willamette, which comes at uncertain
Intervals in January or February.
The rainfall that produced the great
flood of 1861 came in the space of
about three days; In 1890 the rainfall
lasted during a period of nearly fif
teen days. The rainfall this week
lasted not quite three days, or almost
as long as that In 1861. But the
flood in 1861 vastly exceeded that of
the present time which Indicates that
the rainfall during the three davs In
1861 greatly exceeded that of the three
days this week. The rush of water
from rain, forty-nine years ago was
augmenfgd by melting mow.-
From all obtainable Information it
may be accepted as certain that the
rustf of water In '61 was more sudden
than this year and that its volume was
much greater. It may also be ac
cepted as certain that the height of
the Willamette at Portland in 1861
was 30 inches lower than in 1890.
Yet this does not mean that the vol
ume of the current in 1861 could have
heen leas than in 1890: the. Coiumoi
River higher in 1890. and as its
channel was well filled by-its own
flood, the waters' poured into it by
the Willamette could not so readily
escape. Again, the channel had been
considerably narrowed at Portland by
docks, embankments, bridge piers.
In 1890 It was supposed by many
persons mat tne nouu ' ""
was the greatest that ever pourea
down the Willamette; but it i known
to have been much smaller than that
of 1861 and but little greater than
that of 1881 A flood equal to that
of 1861 would have done Incalculable
ruln- . , . .
It will be well henceforward, in
making improvements, to keep high
water marks In view. Heavy fall of
rain at this season Is not uncommon
although there are often intervals of
considerable length betweeji Its recur
rences. The climate of the Pacific North
west does not change from one decade
to another; nor does Winter weather.
There are variations and recurrences
but climate and weather of this re
gion are the same as when Lewis and
riartt snent the first recorded white governor, ana issued a circular oppos
Clarlt spent tne nrsi recoraea , iDg &n Republican candidates who
111M.I1 S lllktri UCIC, illUlc ll.ci
tury ago, and as when the first pio
neers made their homes here during
tha fifty years following. .
The distribution in the shape of
Christmas bonuses to the employes
of the United States Steel Corpora
tion this year reached a total of
$2,700,000. This disbursement was
in the nature of a reward of merit
and covered a wide range, according
to the efficiency and punctuality of
the individual employe and the prac
tical suggestions he may have made
during the year. The term ("addi
tional earnings" might better apply
to the large sum thus distributed as
being much more appropriate than
that of "bonuses." It is not prompt
ed by a sentimental and passing feel
ing of Christmas good will, nor Is it
performed unsystematlcally. It Is, on
the contrary, the result of a care
fully elaborated profit-sharing plan
or system Inaugurated 'several years
ago. Every employe is eligible to a
share of the fund which expands
wifh each year according to the in
dividual efforts of the employes and
without relation to the salary that
each receives. It is literally a reward
of merit and the recipient can take
the amount awarded either ln money
or stock ln the corporation. A large
majority bo far have taken stock and
thus become more closely identified
with the Interests of the -company. It
is regarded as a practical and gener
ally satisfactory meins of bridging
the chasm that the modern industrial
system has opened between capital
and labor.
New Orleans seems to have won the
first round in the contest that is be
ing waged over the site of the Pan
ama-Pacific Exposition. The favorable.
report of the House committee is not,
however, of sufficient importance to
cause any undue hilarity in the South
ern city. San Francisco and the State
of California, exclusive of local, county
and city appropriations outside of San
Francisco, has In sight a total of $17,
600.000, the largest sum ever sub
scribed ln this country as a prelimi
nary for a big exposition. New Or
leans, despite most strenuous efforts.
has not yet succeeded In securing one
third as much money and under no
circumstances will it be possible for
her to get together as great a fund
as will be expended by San Francisco.
For this reason the largest Panama-
Pacific Exposition in the country will
be hold in San Francisco," regardless
of Government sanction. The Pacific
Coast Is the logical place for holding
the exposition, and If Congress shoujd
become stubborn, there will be two
expositions with that on the Pacific
Coast leading the other so far that
comparisons will be Impossible.
Mr. H. B. Miller ex-Consul at Bel
fast, stated the case succinctly and
truly in the matter of flax culture in
Oregon before a meeting of tho Ore
gon Flax Association in this city
Thursday evening when he said:
-IntHlfireiica. a high grade of training,
special adaptation for tho work and a com
plete mastery of detail by workers will bring
to Oregon the linen manufacturing industry.
Of the truth of this estimate there
can be no doubt. Flax culture has
been successfully demonstrated; the
fineness and excellence of the fiber
has heen proven by comparison and
vouched for by experts, and the
growth and yield per acre of the flax
plant has been shown to be satisfac
tory. With these fundamentals of
production established it remains for
Oregon to go forward ln the linen
and hempen Industry ln accordance
with the above requirements.
Prudence Is a valuable asset in a
Janitor who has charge of a building
which ' Is headed by a stove. This
quality appears to have been lacking
in the. Janitor who lighted a fire In
the stove in the room occupied by
the East Portland branch of the
Public Library, stuffed it with fuel
and left It to attain a fierce heat,
unchecked.
America", is not satisfied to shower
gold coin n musical and dramatic
favorites. We must also, melt more
preclousvmetaI into plates and give it
to Terrys and Tetrazzinls.
Portland newsboys will not be
gagged by ordinance. The newsy of
today is the business man some years
later, and should be heard from at
all ages.
If the Pacific Coast championship
had "hung on those three games, what
a piece of news the supreme baseball
court's decision would have been!
Can't believe that American citi
zens living in those Ohio districts
sold their votes. The people- are al
ways to be trusted.
Paul Morton was getting too much
pay, and, being a Morton, tried to
work up to It. That killed him.
But if Portland had not won ln spite
of it, the decision might have been
harder to reach.
Aerial travel will overcome
troubles, but not yet.
flood
' Oregon may consider her face suf
ficiently washed.
Divided party aduRXE's hope.
Senator 'Would Have Xo Chance
Against One Candidate.
LA GRANDE. Or., Jan. 18. (To the
Editor.) To one who has taken an In
terest in Oregon politics for many
years, present conditions are miereai
More than two-thlrds of the vot-
era of the state register as Republi
earn, and the Legislative Assembly is
almost wholly Republican. There Is
not a county In the state that can be
truly Democratic and I am not sure
that there is a really Democratic pre
cinct in the state. Democracy of the
Jefferson school say that this state of
f tnlngg i,, due largely to personal poii-
Ucg Wnat js left of the Democratic
! partjr ln Oregon has been used for
' the last 8. years to further the lnter-
j ests of one man. Many Democrats are
resolved that this state of things shall
, cease. or tlielr support will no longer
I be given to aid this one-man idea.
I Whether the defeat of the late chair-
man of tne Democratio committee for
j re-election Is to be regarded as a blow
at the one-man idea or not, I do not
know.
But what is the condition of thing's
on the Republican side? With Its great
apparent majority, what is its condi
tion? It Is ln a worse state than its
Democratic opponent. About 20 per
ce:-t of the Republican element Joined
w'lli the Democrats at the recent elec
tion and aided in electing a Democratic
Governor. Senator Bourne openly sup
ported the Democratic candidate for
were nominated by the Republican
Assembly. I believe that as many as
one-half of the state ticket that was
elected were nominated by the assem
bly. This would Indicate that it was
not the assembly nomination that de
feated Bowerman. Frank VT. Benson,
who was nominated by the assembly,
was elected Secretary of State by more
than 36.000 majority, and he carried
every county in the state. Hence, 1
conclude that the assembly or the
anti-assembly sentiment is not the
only thing that is dividing the Repub
licans ln Oregon. There la something
back; of that.
The old Mitchell and anti-Mitchell
sentiment is still a cause of division
and disaster. I take it that ex-Senator
Fulton is the leader of what has
survived of the old Mitchell element,
and that he is to be a candidate for
United States Senator to succeed Sena
tor Bourne, unless it should be obvi
ously useless for him to run. His ac
tivity concerning matters about the
Legislature indicates that he is try
ing to get things shaped to favor his
candidacy. Everything aoout the Leg
islature indicates that the aspirants
for the United States Senatorship are
striving to pave the way for their re
spective elections. Bourne has his
workers there to defeat any effort to
do anything that might be detrimental
to his Interests.
Bourne Is a man that has to be reck
oned with. He Is an excellent
demagogue, and that is a quality now
ln demand in Oregon. There was never
another time when the demagogue had
such an opportunity for success In Ore
gon as now. Now. what will probably
be the result of this condition of an
archy? Ex-Judge Lowell, of Pendle
ton, State Senator Malarkey, of Port
land, and Senator Bourne, of Portland,
have already declared their Intentions
to be candidates for United States Sen
ator two years hence to succeed Sena
tor Bourne, and It Is evident that Ful
ton or some other representative of the
old Mitchell Interests will enter the
field, and, hence, we may expect that
there will be about three candidates
besides Bourne for the Republican
nomination, and this Is Jusf what Mr.
Bourne wants. If he can have three
or four candidates on the Republica
sloe running for the nomination, h
will have a good chance to obtain ti
nomination.
If Statement No. 1 i's to be signed b
most of the Republican candidates for
the legislature, and there Is to be
assembly to nominate a candidate, it
seems to me probable. Judging from
present conditions, that the Unte
States Senator Is likely to be Mr.
Bourne, or a Democrat. If there
should bt) only one candidate agains
uonrne lor tho nomination, or if State
ment No. 1 should be set aside, then
Bourne would have little chance of
election. But If the race should be
between Bourne and Fulton, with
other candidate for the nomination.
would be doubtful which would be
nominated, because. It seems to me,
I-ulton Is not at all a strong candidal
before the people. Cake was, not
strbng man, and yet he defeated Ful
ton. But supposing that Bourne should
be the nominee of the Republicans fo
United States Senator, what would be
the result? JEFFERSONIAN.
WHAT'S DOI.GInE(!0" COUXTRY
Iliislnesa Opportunities.
Grass "Valley Journal.
If the fire limit Is done awav with It
Is intimated that we wll lhave a cloth
lng store and also a grocery store.
Ptomaines for Tabby.
Redmond Spokesman.
A number of pet cats ln the city have
recently died from eating rotten fisli
that had been thrown away.
Job Lot of Measles.
TCewberg Enterprise.
Seven children of Frank S. Morris, of
Morris Bros. Realty Co., and three chil-
I dren of Paul Meyers, a son-in-law of
Mr. Morris, and a recent arrival from
Montana, are rapidly recovering from
an attack of measles. The children
were all sick at once and heused to
gether. but by careful nursing and at
tention no serious results nave oc
curred.
JVo Fresh Accounts Opened.
Heppner Times.
Police Judge Joe Williams has got
tired or Imposing lines and then allow
lng the culprits their own time before
pvngling up. This week he sent Mar
shal McQraw after two of the delln
quente. and they warmed their feet by
the City Jail stove at $2 per until their
fines were earned. Judge- Williams is
to be commended ln bis determination
to see that all mlssdoers come through.
and when the city gets that new stone
hammer and leg ornament the Times
can see the finish of evil doers.
No Extensive Silver Mines Id Oregon.
WARRENTON, Or.. Jan. 17. (To the
Editor.) Kindly Inform a number of
students of the Warrenton School If
sliver is mined to any great extent ln
Oregon, and If so, where?
The "pipe
Barton Braley, in tha Popular Marazlna.
Clirarettea and cigars ln the city.
But nut ln the open a pipe!
No meerschaunA a meerschaum Is pretty.
But not of the durable type;
It won't stand the work and the racket.
Tt'a bound to be chipped here and there.
JTne chances are great that you'll crack It,
And then it s gone "pnui ' lor lair.
i I
But take an old brier that's seasoned, '
With halt of tha stem bitten through.
It'll stand ail the knocks that you please,
and
It seems to get chummy with you;
Tou can take it wherever yon wander
And throw It around as you chose.
It's a friend that grows fonder and fonder.
A friend you can count on and use.
It is caked by continuous smoking.
It 1 dingy and blackened and strong.
It Is built not for looks, but for smoking,
If you're wise you will take it along.
Touil forget all cigars with their stamping
Or trade-marks and things of that stripe.
For when you quit town and go camping.
Trie smoke that you want is a pipe.
of the Rose City. Under direction of
SAFEGUARDS FOR THE REFERENDUM
Kooaevelt, In Editorial. Declarer People's .Power, If Too Knslly Applied. Cau
Only Be .MlnrbleroDH -Initiative Indorsed If Protected From Wanton I'ne.
ProereMKlve Legislation la 3Ieans, Not Guaranty, of Securing; Good Government.
Theodore Roosevelt, in the Outlook.
A
NUMBER of progressive conven
tions have recently enunciated
the following, among 'other prin
ciples, as necessary to popular govern
ment: Drastic laws to prevent the corrupt use
of monev in politics.
Klectlon of United States Senators by
direct vote.
Direct primaries for the nomination of
elective officials.
Direct election of delegates to National
conventions, the voter to express his choice
for President on the ballot for delegate.
The introduction of the Initiative, refe
rendum, and recall.
In Oregon most of these principles
are already law. The recent Republi
can state platform of Wisconsin has
declared for all of these principles; and
this declaration is entitled to very se
rious consideration, for Wisconsin has
taken a leading position in Progres
sive legislation, and has to her credit
a noteworthy record of laws for socirfl,
political and Industrial betterment,
which laws have been proved in actual
practice and have worked well.
.
The proposition that will excite most
misgiving and antagonism is that re
lating to the initiative, referendum and
recall. As regards the recall, it is
sometimes very useful, but it contains
undoubted possibilities of mischief, and
of course it is least necessary in the
case of short-term elective officers.
There Is, however, unquestionably a
very real argument to be made for It
as regards officers elected or appointed
for life. In the United States Gov
ernment practically the only body to
whom this applies is the judiciary, and
I shall accordingly treat the matter
when I come to treat of Nationalism
and the Judiciary.
There remain the Initiative and ref
erendum. As regards both of these,
I think that the anticipations of their
adherents and the fears of their op
ponents are equally exaggerated. The
value of each depends mainly upon the
way it is applied and upon the extent
and complexity of the governmental
unit to which it is applied. Every one
Is agreed that there must be a popular
referendum on such a fundamental
matter as a Constitutional change, and
in New York State we already have
what is really a referendum on various
other propositions by which the state
or one of its local subdivisions passes
upon the propriety of action which im
plies the spending of money, permis
sion to establish a trolley line system
or something of the kind. Moreover,
where popular Interest is sufficiently
keen, as It has been in the case of cer
tain amendments to the National Con
stitutionat various times in the past.
we see what Is practically the Initia
tive under another name. I believe that
It would be a good thing to have the
principle of the Initiative and the ref
erendum applied in most of our states
always provided that It be no safe.
atuarded as to prevent fta beinr used
either wantonly or In a spirit of levity.
In other words, if the Legislature fails
to act one way or the other on some
bill as to which there Is a genuine pop
ular demand, then there should un
questionably be power ln the people
through the Initiative to compel such
action. Similarly, on any bill important
enough to arouse genuine public inter
est there shoula be power for the
people to insist upon the bill being re
ferred to popular-vote, so that the con
stituents may authoritatively determine
whether or not their representatives
have misrepresented them. Bat if It Is
rrsderrd too easy to Invoke either
process, the result ran be only mis
chievous. The same considerations
wsieh are more and more tending to
make thoughtful people believe that
genuine popular control Is best exer
cised through the Short Ballot have
weight here also. There are plenty of
cases in which, on a given Issue of suf
ficient Importance it is better that the
people should decide for themselves
rather than trust the decision to a body
of representatives and our present
day acceptance of this fact is shown
by our Insistence upon a direct vote
of the state when the state adopts a
new constitution. Bat ordinary rirtsrns
In prlvnte life -such an the preaent
writer, and moat of his readers neither
can nor ought to spend their time In
following all the minutiae of legisla
tion. This work they ought to dele-,
gate to the legislators, who are to make
it their special business; and If scores
of hills are habitually preaented for
popular approval or disapproval at
every election, It la not probable that
good will eome, and it is certain that
the percentage of wise decisions by the
people will be less than If only a few
are presented. It is necessary to arunrd
not only against the cranks and well
meaning husybodles with fnda, but alao
acalnat the extreme laxity with which
men are accustomed to -sign petition.
Oregon has already tried the princi
ple of the initiative and the referendupi,
and It seems to have produced good re
sults certainly in the case of the refer
endum, and probably in the case of the
nitlative. This, of course, does not
necessarily mean thnt the ' principle
would work well In all other communi
ties, and under our system It is difficult
to see at present how it could normally
have more than a state-wide applica
tion. In Switzerland It has been applied
both In the cantons, or states, and irt
the federal or national government, and
It seems on the whole to have worked
fairly well. Those who anticipate too
much from the new system, however.
would do well to study its workings in
IMPULSIVEXESS IIARRIMAS THAl'T.
Late Railroad Wizard Often Relied on
Sudden Intuition.
"Tip," in New York Press.
Eddie Harriman is some time dead on
his long career of being dead forever;
after the king of them all, the great
Morgan, no living man is more talked
about still among bankers and brokers
than the dead Harriman. With all his
cold-blooded power of analysis and his
deliberate perception. In action he was
Impulsive to a degTee. One day out at
Arden he gave Instructions that a
chauffeur should speak, with him from
the distant garage on the telephone.
Two or three minutes later he asked
why the chauffeur had not talked with
him. An Inquiry over the wire to the
garage showed that the chauffeur
had Jumped into nis car at tne .iirst
message and started hot pace for the
house. "Well," said Harriman, "when
that fellow arrives here he will be out
of a Job." One of his secretaries ven
tured the suggestion that If this hap-
pended there would be a car there with
no one to arive it. rvow mere is
omethlng ln that," assented Harriman.
Telephone to the car people to send
me out another chauffeur right away;
then let the other fellow go."
Without a moment s notice HarrimaA
would give an assistant Instructions
to get upon a train and go thousands
f miles, with perhaps only a few
minutes to board it. To one of his big
lieutenants he said one forenoon:
Catch the 2 o'clock for" Los Angeles"
r wherever It was. And, oh, he
added; as the other was hastening out.
take So and So along." "But I don t
think," was tne reply, "he wants to go."
Harrlman's answer was unequivocal:
Take him, anyhow. 1
Harriman had an almost supernatural
Instinct for knowing what was going
Switzerland. There have now and then
been odd results. Recently by the use
of the Initiative a certain bill was pro
posed to the Federal Legislature. Titers
was such a strong demand for its pas
sage, as shown by the vote on the initi
ative, and by the general popular agi
tation, that the Legislature passed it
with but one dissenting vote. At the
ensuing election the representative who
had cast the dissenting vote was, be
cause of having done so, beaten; but
on the referendum the people defeated
the measure itself! They demanded it
on the initiative, all their representa
tives ln the Legislature with one excep
tion voted for it on its passage, they
beat the one man who had voted
against it, and then on the referendum
they defeated the bill itself.
Unquestionably an Ideal representa
tive body Is the best Imaginable legis
lative body. Such a body, if composed
of men of unusual courage, intelligence,
sympathy and high-mindedness, anxious
to represent the people, and at the same
time conscientious in their determina
tion to do nothing that is wrong, would
so act that there would never como the
slightest demand for any change in
the methods of enacting laws. Unfor
tunately, however, in actual practice, too
many of our 'legislative bodies have not
really been representative; and not a
few of the ablest and most prominent
men in public life have prided them
selves on their ability to use parlia
mentary forms to defeat measures for
which there was a great popular de
mand. Special Interests which would
be powerless in a general election may
be all-powerful in a Legislature if they
enlist the services of a few skillful tac
ticians; and the result is the same
whether these tacticians are unscrupu
lous and are hired by the special inter
ests, or 'whether they are sincere men
who honestly believe that the people
desire what is wrong and should not be
allowed to have it.
Ours Is a government of laws, but
everyone should keep always before
him the fact that no law is worth any
thing unless there is the right kind of
man behind it. In tropical America
there are many republics whose consti
tutions and laws are practically iden
tical with ours, yet some of these re
publics have, throughout their govern
mental career, alternated between des
potism and anarchy, and have failed In
striking fashion at every point where
in equally striking fashion we have
succeeded. The difference was not In
the laws or the institutions, for they
were the same. The difference was ln
the men who made up the community,
ln the men who administered the laws,
and ln the men who put in power the
administrators.
If we choose Senators by popular
vote Instead of through the Legisla
tures, we shall not thereby have secured
good representatives; we shall merely
have given the people a better chance to
get good representatives. If they choose
bad men, unworthy men, whether their
unworthiness take the form of corrup
tion or demagogy, of truckling to spe
cial Interests or of truckling to the
mob, we shall have worked no Improve- ,
ment. There have been In the past
plenty of unworthy Governors and Con
gressmen elected, just as there have
been plenty of bad Senators . elected.
Similarly, If the direct primary merely
means additional expense without com
pensating advantage in wise and j'st
action, the gain will be nil. At pres
ent there are cities where the direct
primary obtains, in which, as far as I
can see, the boss system is about as
firmly rooted as in those cities where
the direct-primary has not been intro
duced. So with the initiative and the
referendum. Vermont has neither: Or
egon has both. In whichever state there
is the less corruption and greater jus
tice, ln whichever state the elected rep
resentatives of the people are more up
right, clean and able, in whichever state
the people are themselves wiser in ac
tion, more prompt to recognize and re
ward good service and fearlessness and
independence in Judge, Governor, Sena
tor or Congressman, why, in that state
we shall find the best government,
wholly without regard to the particular
device by which the government is ob
tained. If both states show equally well
in these matters, why, it means that
each has devised the Instrument best
suited for Its own needs. It is folly
not to adopt the new Instrument if ex
perience shows it to be an instrument
which usually produces better results;
and If we are convinced that it is a
better instrument, then we should en
deavor by reason ami argument to get
our neighbors to adopt it; but it is also
. folly to refuse to work with good
who are striving' for the same pro
men
Drocrres-
sive ends as we are. merely because
these good men prefer older Instru
ments than those which we believe to
be best fitted for the purpose.
I believe in adopting every device for
popular government which is in theory
good and when the practice bears out
the theory. It is, of course, true that
each Is only a device, and that its
worth must be shown in actual prac
tice; and it is also true that where, as
with us. tho people are masters, the
most vital need Is that they shall show
self-mastery as well as tiie power to
masttyt their servants. But. It is often
Impossible to establish genuine popular
rule and get rid of privilege, without
the use of new devices to meet new
needs. I think that this is the sitna- .
tion which now confronts us in the
United States, and that the adoption In
principle of the programme on which
the Progressives, especially in the West,
are tending to unite offers us the best
chance to achieve the desired result.
on and who was doing1 it In the mys
teries of stock manipulation. Once,
when Southern Pacific had been going
up fast, Harriman and various banking
houses buying ln concert, he called up
on the telephone one of his private
brokers. "Somebody Is selling," he
said. "Yes, sir," was the answer.
"Well, hand the market 23,000 for me."
Immediately he called up the head of
a banking firm much Interested In the
market. "Who's selling Southern Pa
cific?" he asked. "I don't Know; we
haven't been able to find out." was the
answer. "I ll tell you," snapped Harri
man: "It's your house." and he cut off
the connection before any reply to him
could be made.
Vegetarian Boots and Shoes.
Jewfeh Chronicle.
An enterprising manufacturer has
discovered a process whereby a pass
able imitation of leather may be rinu.
factured from a vegetable product. Th
novelty owes its introduction to Lon
don vegetarians, who shuddered at the
thought of the number of animals thai
were killed annually to keep, humanity
In boots. The imitation leather is be
ing used for the manufacture of boots,
shoes, Bible covers and a hundred other
articles usually found in the art leather
department.
I
His Mistake.
Baltimore Sun.
"Just' one, darling!" he pleaded, as
fools do.
"One moment," she said, restraining
him. "Tell me first, have - you ever
kissed another girl?"
"Never!" he swore.
"Then," she said, "you may get your
hat, for you're either a liar or a dead
one, and I'm neither a reformatory nor
a miracle worker "
7