THE MORXISTO OltEGOtflAtf. TUESDAY, ATTOtTST SO. 1910.
8
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PORTLAND. TVEDAT. AlO. SS. !!
DIVINE MGRT IN CF.H-M.lJi V.
The ghost of divine right which the
Kaiser has evoked from the tomb
where many people supposed It was
lecpln, lu last sleep Is not enjoying
a very peaceful visit to the glimpses
of the moon. What William told his
loving subjects was that his right to
reign Is enUrely Independent of the
wishes of the German people and de
pends entirely upon the choice of the
Almighty. Since he was appointed
by the Creatoc it follows that William
is responsible to him and nobody else
for what he does. If he rules be
nignantly and wisely, let his subjects
rejoice at their good luck. If he
reigns cruelly and foolishly, let them
cast all the blame upon the Almighty
who could have given them a better
ruler If he had so desired.
Thus far. If the reports are true,
not a single newspaper In Germany
has ventured to commend the Kaiser's
outburst very warmly. Even the ex
treme conservatives) deprecate hla In
discretion and try to make out that
he said something else. Naturally the
Socialists are on tiptoe with delight.
It means many thousands of votes for
them at the next election in all llkll
hood. for though the Germans tolerate
absolutism, they Insist that It shall be
modestly veiled. When It stalks
naked Into the garish light of day and
begins a scalp dance, they rebel.
The Kaiser never has been notable
for his democratic sentiments. On
the contrary it has usually been more
or less, difficult for him to keep his
dislike of modern ways and methods
In politics and religion under the cov
r or silence. Now and then his un
conquerable belief that he Is divinely
inspired as well as chosen has cropped
out and made International mischief.
Not long ago one of these ebullitions
brought hlra Into grave difficulties,
and he had to draw In his horns
rather swiftly. Ernst Haeckel. the
eminent German scientist, said lately
In a public speech that the Emperor's
reactionary religious vie a had been
the greatest hindrance to progress
that has existed In the empire for the
last quarter century. William Is or
h. thai Ik. Almta-htv re
vealed to him the deepest secrts of
religious truth at the same time that
he bestowed upon him unlimited pow
er over his subjects. He holds In his
tecret heart to the old maxim whk-h
was current In Germany In Luther's
time. "Cuius rerio ejus rellglo." that
Is to say the king may impose any
religion he likes upon his people.
Divine right Is like the tall of a
snake. It dies very hard. Long after
the head has been pounded to a Jelly,
the tail still wiggles. We are not
without suspicions of Its existence
here In America now and then. Every
body remembers the words In which
the distinguished Mr. Baer declared
that the Creator had given the coal
mines of the United States, and much
other property, to the present owners
because they were so much wiser and
better thaa the rest of the population.
When Mark Hanna after much tribu
lation finally landed safely In the
federal Senate he telegraphed the
President that "God still ruled." mean
ing that the divine purpose had at
last triumphed over the wiles of
Satan. The Adversary of souls was
supposed to be deeply concerned to
diminish the greatness Of Mr. Hanna.
The fact of the matter is that any
system of government which manages
to exist for a generation or two is
very apt to begin to plume Itself up
on divine favor. If It lasts a century
the claim of an appointment by the
Lord Is certain to be made.
The dynasty to which the Emperor
William belongs has reigned for much
longer than a century". .It Is one of
the oldest royal houses in Europe and
has passed through many vtclssitudrs.
Vpon the whole. It has ruled wisely,
though occasionally It has shown signs
of imbecility. In Napoleon's day
William's predecessors had fallen
pretty low. They were nothing but
wax In the fingers of the mighty ma
gician who dominated Europe. Will
iam's father was a man of genius,
and had he lived he would have avoid
ed much of the trouble with the So
cialists which has harassed William
Im-essantly and caused many of his
foolish outbursts. But Frederick was
early stricken with a fatal disorder
hu h may have passed on to his son
In the form of mental eccentricity.
No doubt the KaJser Is sllghtiy
touched with the malady known as
the mania or greatness, but It mould
be a mistake to underrate Ms ability.
If he Is inclined to rule absolutely
he has for the most part ruled In
telligently and Germany Is Indebted
m his statesmanship for many bene
fit. The Germans are perhaps the best
educated people In the world and cer
tainly they yield to no nation In In
telligence. Why then do they submit
to a monarch who Is not far front ab
solute, or thinks he Is not. while Italy.
France. Spain. Scandinavia, are all
marching toward democracy? Why is
Germany the most backward nation In
civilised Europe politically? We as
sume for the moment that Russia Is
not civilised. One reason lies In the
extreme sentimentality of the people.
Thsy love their Institutions because
they are old. because they are encir
cled with a halo or poetry, victory
and commercial success, and because
they are German. Another reason Is
that the present German government
Is probably the most efficient In the
world. It Is economical. It accom
plishes results. It is not unbearably
tyrannical. When some royal simple
ton steps Into William's shoes we shsll
see the specter cf divine right fitt
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rally, without Fanday. ill month.... a
ing from Germany with tha same
speed as it escaped from England over
two centuries ago.
I OR A3 HONEST JJSl C
Undoubtedly the Democratic party
has a mission; and It should fulfill Ita
mission by attending to Its own busi
ness. The Democracy Is entitled to
name a ticket, and a whole ticket,
county, legislative. Judicial and state;
but It Is not Justifiable that the De
mocracy should participate In the
naming of any so-called Republican
ticket or of any ticket other than the
Democratic ticket.
No exception even need be taken to
the Democrats holding caucuses, or
writing out a ticket in the primary
booth, but there is objection to Demo
crats mixing In Republican primaries
and controlling Republican nomina
tions. Let us have an honest primary, and
an honest Issue between the Republi
can and Democratic parties; then we
shall not need to go through the bur
lesque Of getting the "popular will"
as to Senator through so fallacious
and diaphanous a device as Statement
No. 1.
t THE IXtMfTEKENT PORTLAND MAX.
With but IS days remaining, in
which voters can register for the pri
mary election, there still remain In
the city more than 15.000 unregistered
voters. Even with the customsry hur
ricane finish, the total registration will
undoubtedly fall several thousand
short of the actual voting strength of
the city. It -would be less surprising
if thia Indifference were displayed by
newcomers or foreigners. Unfortu
nately, most of the procrastlnatora
are our "good citizens" who have un
consciously drifted Into a habit of
postponing, neglecting, or refusing any
duty that Involves effort on their
part. Many of these good citizens
will wake up the morning after the
registration books close, and be sur
prised that the registration was no
greater. This lack of Interest In a
very Important public matter. Is a
fair sample ' of the disposition to
"let George do If.
Every resident or Portland should
know that the million-dollar stock
show and race meet that will be held
In this city next week, is of inestima
ble value. It wll ladvertlse thla city
and state and one of the greatest re
sources In the best possible manner.
Hitherto the show has not received
the support to which It is entitled.
All that Is needed to make It success
ful Is the attendance of a good aver
age baseball crowd, although Its eco
nomic value entitles It to ten times
the attendance that is . attracted by
baseball. The good citizen or the
slow-registering type should not for
get the stock show as he is forgetting
to register, nor console himself with
the thought that "George" is attend
ing. HI CORRECT STATUS.
Of course there is a Bourne legis
lative slate In Multnomah County and
a definite Bourne propaganda pushing
along the whole antl-aseembly movement-
That Is the Bourne game. That
others happen to be playing the game
without invitation from the original
author and grand custodian or State
ment Number One. and perhaps In the
ultimate hope or defeating him, does
not alter the situation. They have
made common cause with Bourne
and with all his Democratic allies and
are affording him his only possible op
portunity of re-election," and he Is
making the most of it. They sit In
tile game with the, Old Dealer, with
the cards all stacked, and the cappers
all duly stationed, and think things
are going to fall out evenly. .It is
to laugh.
Bourne openly says he will not sup
port th assembly candidate If thoy
shall be nominated. This proposi
tion Includes Hawley and .Ellis, his
Republican colleagues on trie Oregon
Congressional delegation. He works
In notorious alliance with Senator
Chamberlain, his Democratic col
league. There is the true status of
your Statement No. 1 Republican.
THE JiORTH JETTY.
The Government will build the
north Jetty at the entrance of the Co
lumbia River, thus confining the
mighty volume or water that sweeps
seaward Into a space so narrow that
a depth or forty feet will be easily
obtainable. This north Jetty has been
recommended by the engineers and by
the Secretary or War. and as the proj
ect will receive the unanimous sup
port or the Pacific Coast delegation at
Washington, provision for Its con
struction will no doubt be made at an
early date. The Importance of the
great river which drains such an Im
mense territory was never better un
derstood than at the present time,
when every railroad leading Into the
PaciHo Northwest is seeking to follow
the river or Its tributaries. There
will be no opposition to the Improve
ment sought and there will be a
mighty demand for the carrying out
of the work.
Critics, animated by motives which
will hardly bear careful analysis, have
at times sneertngly represented the
Columbia River as an artificial water
way because the work of the Govern
ment and the Port of Portland has
chsnged It from a stream of many
shallow. zigzag channels Into a
straight, deep highway over which
10.000-ton carriers pass unhindered
where vessels of 500 to 700 tons were
formerly obliged to lighter a portion
or their cargo. But artificial water
ways have built some of the world's
greatest ports. London and Liverpool,
at the start or their careers as mari
time centers, suffered a greater han
dicap than was In evidence on the Co
lumbia River, even when that stream
"heard no sound save Ita own dash
Ings." For more than a thousand
years London has been one of the
world's greatest seaports, and for
half a thousand years Liverpool has
been a great clearing-house for water
borne traffic from all parts of the
world. Centuries before the age of
steam the fleets of these great ports
roamed the seven seas, and the an
cient windjammers brought home car
goes of "slaves, spices, gold and gum,"
for which the crude manufactures of
early England were exchanged. This
commerce Increased as larger and
raster ships "drew the world together
and spread the race apart," and the
flight or centuries has railed to dim or
weaken the prestige or the two big
ports or the Old World.
Liverpool and London came Into
existence by reason or their conven
ient location where the traffic of the
land could to best advantage meet and
exchange with the traffic of the sea.
There were hundreds of other ports
in which Nature had provided a
greater depth of water: but the traffic
could not be diverted to these ports,
and as the traffic Increased Liverpool
and London continued to Improve
their facilities. It has been dig.
dredge and dike for centuries on the
Thames and the Mersey, but the value
of the improvements haa never been
questioned, nor will It ever again be
questioned on the Columbia River. An
ever-Increasing stream of traffic will
be moved In and out of this great
river, and there will always be an ade
quate channel for handling it. The
building of the north Jetty will assure
a forty-foot depth of water at the
river entrance, and ir the time comes
when that will be Insufficient to meet
the demands of commerce. It will be
further deepened.
TRACHTStO OIIU-8 TO Pt.CMB.
Superintendent Ella Flag- Young's
project or teaching plumbing to the
girls In the Chicago schools need not
frighten anybody. If the Idea should
spread to Portland and other cities
it would do no harm. Plumbing may
very well be classed among the arts
which are called "women's". While
It presents a difficult problem occa
sionally It Is not in the main excessive
ly hard to learn and practice. Any
woman wjth two hands and ralr com
mon sense can plumb. She can cut
threads on pipes, put packing in fau
cets and do almost everything for
which plumbers charge the magnifi
cent prices that all householders ad
mire so much. The only genuinely
difficult trick In plumbing Is to "wipe
a Joint". This consists In delicately
holding the ends of two pieces of lead
pipe together In a cloth and wiping
enough molten solder upon them to
hold them together. It looks like
magic, but It is nothing more than
expertness. Still one Inay doubt
whether Miss Flagg can teach it to the
Chicago girls in school.
Most women who do not roll in gold
and pass their days In fashion's giddy
whirl have occasion to regret often
times that they were not taught to use
tools when they were young. Men al
so experience the same regret when
It falls to their lot to saw a board
straight across or chisel out a little
mortise. Few people who are not
trained carpenters can saw straight
Only a rarely endowed genius can
drive a nail properly. It would be
safe to wager that out 'of ten men
selected at random on the street In
thia thriving city not a single one can
drive thirteen nails Into a pine board
without splitting the board and pound
ing both his thumbs.
How seldom do we behold a man
who truly relishes putting up shelves
for his wire. Had he been educated
properly he would have enjoyed It.
We all like to do the things we can
do skillfully. The old copybooks
discovered this great truth and It
ought not to be rorgotten now that
the typewriter haa driven copybooks
out of existence.
THB DAIRY COW.
Can It be true that Oregon farmers
are going back on the dairy cow and
selling her oft the farm by the carload
In the full tide of her usefulness? It
Is Incredible, surely, yet true If the
Deputy State Dairy and Food Com
missioner and Dr. Wlthycombe are to
be believed. Here Is an agency that
not only conserves but Increases the
fertility of the soil, puts money in the
rarmer'a pocket, keeps the boys and
girls at horns and busy, gives the
whole family an interest, and does Just
what Colonel Roosevelt Is preaching
that Is. raises the standard or the
farmer's life.
But In the Willamette Valley espe
cially the pastures are dry and feed
is dear, while stock prices are high;
so the short-sighted farmer sells His
cows. When the cream checks that
have been coming in each month fail,
the pastures are bare and the barn
empty; when the dairy work stops and
the cream separator rusts; when the
pigs and the chickens look in vain for
their dally meal, then will come, first
regret and later repentance. But far
easier it is to empty the cow barn
than to fill it, as tnany -will find who
have acted In haste to repent at leis
ure. In other states there might be
excuse, where the dairyman depends
on purchased feed but not in Oregon,
since vetch and rape and kale and al
falfa and clover, all ormost of them,
can be grown on every dairy farm.
It must not be forgotten that labor
In the dairy that Is reliable and expert
Is as hard to get here as In the
states of the East and Middle West.
It Is no easy thing to suggest a rem
edy, nor one to be lightly undertaken.
Thr Is thia to say. that of all work
on the rarm the best wages can go to
the dairy, ror that gives the best and
surest returns.
INCREASED COST OF RAILROADING.
Th statement or railroad earnings
for the month or June, as filed with
the Interstate Commerce Commis
sion, offers an ample explanation for
the difficulty that is experienced in
floating new railroad securities.- For
months it has been practically Impos
sible to induce foreign capital to take
up more than small quantities of
American railroad securities. al
though both England. France and
Germany are Investing heavily In rail
roads In other parts of the world. The
current number of the New Tork Fi
nancial Chronicle prints June returns
on 687 separate roads or companies,
covering an aggregate of 204.596 miles
of road, or about 88 per cent of the
mileage of the country. This report,
which Is compiled from the official
statements filed .with the Commis
sion, shows a gain in gross earnings
over June. 1909. or $23,565.11:; but
of this heavy Increase all but $627,
025 has been wiped out by the In
creased expenses.
In percentages th gross earnings of
t208.S64.918 showed an Increase of
11.21. The operating expenses in.
creased 19. S per. cent, and the net
earnings 0.95 per cent. As a reflec
tion of th general prosperity
throughout the country, the material
gain In gross earnings Is quite satis
factory. It shows clearly that the
railroads are doing more business
than ever before and In consequence
their patrons must likewise be sharing
in the increased business. The state
ment, however, when submitted to the
men from whom It Is necessary to se
cure the new capital for extensions,
improvements and new lines is less
attractive. One of the strongest In
ducements that can be offered for
eign capital Is the possibilities of fu
ture growth and development of a
new country for which railroad capi
tal Is sought. If all of the advan
tages of this new growth and increase
In business are to be absorbed by In
creased expenses bt operation and ,
maintenance, the Incentive for Invest
ment has been greatly lessened.
If it is impossible for the railroads
to make a net gain of even 1 per cent,
with a record-breaking volume of
business, what assurance can capital
be offered that a year hence this 0.95
per cent gain will not be replaced by
a loss. Wage Increases on a number
of the roads are responsible for
some of this transformation of a
heax-y gain in gross earnings to a very
scant gain In net. As there are still
pending a number of applications for
increased wages on a number or large
roads, and as many of them will no
doubt be granted the outlook can
hardly be said to favor any immediate
Improvement in that striking differ
ence between the gross and net earn
ings increases. In transportation as
well as in other branches of business
the West seems to be showing up bet
ter than other parts of the country,
and nearly all of the Western roads
make very good showings, although
here, as elsewhere, the gain In gross,
earnings was out of all proportion to
the gain in net.
One reason, perhaps the only rea
son, why the Weather Bureau at Port
land misses it occasionally in the daily
forecast. Is that we get our normal
weather almost simultaneously with
the "symptoms." Tha entire region
west of the Cascade Mountains is af
fected by conditions out on the ocean,
where Uncle Sam haa no stations. If
there were, say three between Port
land and Honolulu, we could get much
valuable advance information. As
there are no Intervening Ulands, sta
tions are Impossible. Still, it may be
practical to receive weather reports
from the bosom of the Pacific by wire
less at small cost. If vessels within
600 miles of the coast sent in a bul
letin every day at noon, the fore
caster would be supplied with facts
now altogether Inaccessible. The mes
sage would get here from twelve to
twenty-four hours ahead of an ap
proaching storm. With the steady
growth of ' ocean commerce there
would nearly always be a steam or
sailing vesel within "hailing" dis
tance. What's the matter with the tradi
tions of the Old South? In the old
days "before the wan" and for some
time thereafter, whenever an irrecon
cilable difference arose between two
gentlemen they either shot it out on
sight or at a stipulated number of
paces, without taking the public into
their confidence beforehand. Now
comes Tom Watson, of Populist fame,
and publicly announces that one of
his enemies has a "mind so disor
dered by long years or Intemperance"
that he thinks the killing of Watson
and avoidance of a penalty would be
easy. Watson informs the public
that "my blood is not ditehwater and
my life Is worth something to my fam
ily ' and my country." Watson Is
making a fight against Representative
Hardwick, of Georgia, and seems to
be afraid that Hard wick's objections
will take the form, of physical punish
ment..', .j , .
The rolling deep continues to sup
ply the stage settings for affairs fully
as thrilling, bloodthirsty and romantic
as those of the good, bid days when
Morgan sailed the seas and Captain
Kldd "most wickedly he did." Clark
Russell haa few equals and' no su
periors In providing thrilling and
killing in the fiction he -wrote of the
sea. but his wildest romancing con
ceived nothing stranger than the trag
edy on the steamer Buckman a few
days ago. Some of the "blockade-runners"
who have been smuggling arms
Into Nicaragua and Honduras have all
of the nerve and daring that made the
men or Morgan and Kldd terrors of
the sea. Less bloodthirsty, but not
lacking a high degree of nerve and
daring, was the attempt of a Seattle
barber to take a schooner away from
the custody of a United States Mar
shal and sail to the South Seas on a
treasure-hunting expedition.
The prospect of a . public utilities
commission to replace the multitude
of expensive and largely useless com
missions which prey -upon the state
ought to please the people of Wash
ington. In that state, as In Oregon,
there Is a separate commission to reg
ulate almost everything that exists,
but with too particular results. A sin
gle body competent and business-like
would accomplish more than all of
them together, while the ' expense
would be very much less.
When two acquaintances happen to
be riding on the same streetcar, why
should either feel obliged to pay the
other' fare? John pays for himself
and James.- The next time they meet
James pays for himself and John.
Neither gains anything. Both suffer
a little in their, self-respect. The
Scripture which urges every tub to
stand on Its own bottom is still worth
remembering.
Let's keep local history straight.
The man killed by lightning at Oswego
Sunday was not the first victim in
Oregon. While fatalities of this kind
have been very rare In this favored
state, they are not unknown.
Wyoming and Colorado women are
giving Mr. Roosevelt a royal wel
come, but only Oregon has Mrs. Mary
Woodcock, who knows how to ap
proach Teddy Rosenfelt.
- Idaho experiments today with first
and second choice, which seems ri
diculous In an equal suffrage state,
for woman is not frivolous when she
gets down to business.
The fact Is. so seldom does light
ning kill anybody in the Valley that
people disregard It as a danger and
consider thunder an atmospheric di
version. Although Portland is not in his itin
erary this time, we shall still hear
from the Colonel several times during
the week.
As fifty years sgo. so today It is true
that John Brown's body
I. p a mouldarlng In the grave.
But hi Qul rg marching on.
The migration of hop-plckere has
begun, and Is the first sign of the
approach of Autumn, regardless Of
the calendar.
The 8-year-old child in San Fran
cisco who can converse in five lan
guages Is aft example of how not to
do It.
Johfi t. positively refuses to talk in
th presence of reporters. Therein he
differentiates -from T. B
RICHEST BfAW WINS IN A PRIMARY.
ReprenentatlTe Government Remains
Best Which Ma Has Devised.
Philadelphia Enquirer. Rep.
Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, president
of Cornell University, and president of
the first Philippine Commisaon because
he had visited and studied those islands
long before most Americans had ever
heard of them, haa been talking right
out in meeting about primaries. One
would suppose that one of those misera
ble college reformers who learn so much
of practical affairs by reading Plato at
midnight, would come out for a system
by which representative government
should bo abolished. On the contrary.
Dr. Schurman has had a lot of exper
ience In practical life and he has studied
conditions past and present to no lfttle
advantage.
He says that he believes that primaries
are good In small communities, town
ships and villages, but that they have
no value beyond these limitations. It is
generally recognized that the New Eng
land town system, which the West has
adopted to a large extent. Is the best de
mocracy that has been established in
the history of the world. Where every
man knows every other man, where
every public act, every cent of expendi
ture can be scrutinized, it is evident
that the community must get Just the
sort of government it wants or deserves.
But when it comes to the larger field
the situation is by no means clear. Our
fathers did not believe In democracy;
they had a horror of It. They believed in
representative government, and were not
In the least backward in holding that
the best government consisted of repre
sentatives selected from the most cul
tured, richest and best educated as well
as the most honest in the community.
When Nathaniel Lyon walked into the
House of Representatives at Sixth and
Chestnut, clad In homespun, he shocked
our fathers almost bevond expression.
Practically, the primary In many In
stances seems to have become an engine
of bosBlsm or an opportunity for great
wealth to seize power, not because the
people can be bribed by wholesale, but
because publicity costs In a state-wide
campaign. Wisconsin s last benatwlal
primary cost the aspirants in the neigh
borhood of 1400.000 and the richest man
won. In Oregon a Democrat was nom
inated in a Republican state. In Illinois
a man was Indorsed who did not get
elected. The reason is that all of the
people cannot- possibly know the exact
ratio of merit In all of the aspirants for
office and they do a lot of guessing
based on peculiar conditions.
Government by primary has been much
lauded by academic politicians, but Dr.
Schurman Is right in saying that its
achievements up to this time have
been meagre and that representative
government still remains the best which
man has devised. ,
OCR NATIONAL WEALTH.
Ita Comparison With Oar Increase of
Population.
Wall Street Journal.
Census Indications now point to a popu
lation for the current year of 92.000,000.
and an estimated National Wealth of
$125,000,000,000. For purposes of compari
son we now bring together below the
results of previous decennial censuses, to
gether with such computations for the
intermediate yeans as were made at the
time by economists and statisticians of
repute. The figures are In millions and
decimals thereof:
Population and wealth of the United
State:
Wealth
per
Tear ' Pop. Wealth. Capita.
101O ...9X0 $125.0"O l.r,59
7rt.3 B4.000 !,2!ta
P5 .S9.0 T9.U1 1.14H
i tBB.S.IH 1.090
m ,rn.2 4:i.6K
1R7 ..3S.S SB.Onil fl"
ISMS 31.0 24.30CI 71.i
1SRO 31.4 14.18:1 . 4.11
JS50 '-'3.2
1X10 ''I
3.0 ........15 9
12
isirt I
110
1?O0 "
. 174 266
3.7H4 220
2.6.".3 2
1.SH2 19B
l.SHO 214
1.5'JO --'"S
i.072 '-'02
7uO isa
1791
-4.1
Value of slaves deducted.
tValue of mortgage and other incum
brance deducted.
The result Is an average wealth per
capita of 13o9. or about J6800 ' an av
erage family of live persons for 1910
If the nominal dollar were always of
the same purchasing power, we would
be nearly eight times richer than were
the founders or the Republic; but such
Is not the fact. Measured by the price
of labor, or of any of the great prod
ucts of labor, we are perhaps two or
three times as rich; and that ought to
be sufficiently gratifying.
Reflection) of a Bachelor.
New Tork Press.
. The man who thinks he does the mar
rying Is easy game for any woman who
sets out for him.
The way a hero makes love On the
stage Is cold-blooded sanity to the way
any man writes a love letter off It.
There are no more Summer fools than
Winter fools, only more of them are out
doors where they can be seen.
The most wonderful thing about how
natural a young woman can be Is how
different her naturalness always Is with
different men.
If a man can be lucky enough to in
herit a house to live in, he can be un
lucky enough to have the taxes and re
pairs amount to more than the rent he
used to pay.
Population of the World. .
' Puck.
Actor ' who played . with Booth
nrt Ttarrett 11.456.
People who knew you when
you were poor 71.006.
Oldest Inhabitant -8.187.
Assorted liars 3r..4."i.
People with a grievance 11)8.087.
People who remember you
vh,n vou were "so hiKh".... 7fl.3'!.v
"Old subscribers". t 64.458.
tlamphools (all varieties) . 703.453.
Total
. 1.457.37S, 02
Everything In (he Wash.
Tjoulsvilie Courier-Journal.
"Family all back from the Summer
trip?"
Yes."
"I hear your wife Is confined to her
room. What does the doctor say?"
"We haven't employed a doctor. The
laundress promises to have her out in
about four days."
A Tie.
Pittsburg Leader.
"Pa, what is a tip?"
"A tip. my son. Is a small sum of
money which you give a man because
you're afraid he Won't like not being
paid for something you didn't ask him
to do."
Aldrlch's Wicked Partner.
Washington Herald.
What has become of Mr. Sereno Payne?
Wis he not In on the wicked tariff deal?
Anyway, the Impression lingers persist
ently that he was connected with it
somehow. -
Will History Repeat Itaelft
Indianapolis Star.
In the annals of 1SS4 and 1SP2 there is
written very plainly what Republican
quarrels in New Tork State may do to
the electoral college.
Extravagant Economy.
Atlanta Journal.
Economy often consists In doing with
out something you want now in order to
get something you don't want -In the
future.
Conservation.
Ne Tork Sun.
. goon w ahall see thesa signs
pnated on Govarnment soli : .
.- "Don't pick th. flrtW'rs or.c'oal.''
' - "Keep off the glut sad. oil."
Roosevelt Defines His Stand on Conservation
Colonel Declares Nation Rather Thaa State Should Renralatr and Control
Land, Foreats Streama Crajra Wrt Profit by Iaaow of Kaat
Says Alaaka Coal Ml ara Should Be Leased by Government, and Not Sold
Oregon Lumbermen Praised,
DENVER, Aug. 29. Declaring that it
Is the place of the Nation rather than
of the individual states to take the lead
In matters regarding control of public
lands, forests and streams. Colonel Roose
velt discussed at length the subject of
conservation at Denver this afternoon.
He said that the West should take warn
ing by the East's bitter lesson of the re
sults of wasting Its resources, and
should profit by it, and urged that the
Alaskan coal mines be leased - by the
Government and not sold. He also de
clared that not a single acre of public
land should hereafter pass into private
ownership except for the single purpose
of homestead settlement.
Colonel Roosevelt said:
"Conservation does not mean nonuse or
nohdevelopment. It does not mean the
tying Up of the National resources of
the States. It means the utilization of
those resources under such regulation
and control as will prevent waste, extrav
agance and monopoly, but at the same
time not merely permit but encourage
such use and developments as will serve
the interest of the people generally.
"This country has shown definite signs
of waking up to the absolute necessity of
handling its natural resources with fore
sight and common sense. The Conserva
tion question has three sides. In the first
place the needless waste of the natural
resources must be stopped. It Is rapidly
becoming a well-settled policy of this peo
ple that we of this generation hold the
land in part for the next generation, and
hot exclusively for our own selfish enjoy
ment. Just as the farmer is a good citi
zen if he leaves his farm Improved and
not impaired for his children, and a bad
citizen if he skins the land in his own
selfish interest, so the Nation behaves
well if it treats the natural resources as
assets which it must turn over to the next
generation increased and not impaired in
value, and behaves badly if It leaves the
land poorer to those who come after us.
"In the second place, the natural re
sources must be developed promptly, com
pletely, and In orderly fashion. It is not
conservation to leave the natural re
sources undeveloped. Development is an
indispensable part of the conservation
plan. The forests, the mines, the water
powers and the land Itself must all be
put to use. Those who assert that con
servation proposes to tie them up, de
priving this generation of their benefits
in order to hand them on untouched to
the next, miss the whole point of the
conservation Idea. Conservation does not
mean depriving the men of today of their
natural rights in- the natural resources 6f
the land. AH it means is that we of this
generation shall so use our rights as not
to deprive those who come after us of
their natural rights in their turn.
"In the third place, so far as possible
these resources must be kept for the
whole people and not handed over for exploitation-
to single individuals. We do
not intend to discourage individual enter
prise by unwisely diminishing the reward
for that enterprise. On the contrary, we
believe that the men of exceptional abili
ties should have exceptional rewards up
to a point where the reward becomes dis
proportionate to the service, up to the
point where the abilities are used to the
detriment of the people as a whole. We
are for the liberty of the individual up
to and not beyond the point where it be
comes inconsistent with the welfare of the
community. Thus our consistent aim is to
favor the actual settler the man who
takes as much of the public domain as he
himself can cultivate, and there makes a
permanent home for his children who
come after him; but we are against the
man, no matter what his ability. Who tries
to monopolize large masses of public
land.
Now, to preserve the general welfare,
to see to it that the rights of the public
are protected, and the liberty of the in
dividual secured and encouraged as long
as consistent with his welfare, and
curbed when it becomes Inconsistent
therewith, It Is necessary to Invoke the
aid of the Government. There are points
in Which this Governmental aid can best
be rendered by the states; that Is, where
the exercise of states' rights helps to
secure popular rights; and as to these I
believe in states' rights. But there are
large classes of cases where only the au
thority of the National Government will
secure the rights of the people, and where
this Is the case I am a convinced and
thorough-going believer in the rights of
the National Government. Big business,
for instance, is no longer an affair of
any one state: big business has become
nationalized, and the only effective way
of controlling and directing it, and pre
venting abuses in connection with it, is
by having the peopla nationalize this con
trol, in order to prevent their being ex
ploited by the individuals who have na
tionalized the business. All commerce on
a scale sufficiently large to warrant any
control over It ' by-' the Government is
nowadays interstate or foreign commerce;
and until this fact is heartily acknowl
edged and acted upon by both courts and
legislative bodies, National and state
alike, the interest of the people will suf
fer., "In the matter of conservation, I
heartily approve of state action where
Under' our form of government the
state only has the power to act. I cor
dially Join with those who desire to
see the- state, within its own sphere,
take. the most advanced position in re
gard to the whole matter of conserva
tion. I have taken exactly this atti
tude In -my own state of New York.
Where the state alone had power to
act, I have done all I could to get it
to act in the most advanced manner,
and where the Nation could act, I have
done all I could to get National action
in the same direction. Unfortunately,
in the East we have in this matter
paid the penalty of not having our for
est land under National control; and
the penalty has been severe. Most of
the states, although they are old states,
have not protected their forests; each
failing to act by itself, because the ac
tion was really the common concern of
all; and where action is the common
concern of all, experience haa shown
that it can Only be profitably under
taken by the National Government.
"As a result of the impossibility of
getting Such wrse action By the sev
eral state governments in the East, we
are doing our best to get National leg
islation under which the National Gov
ernment, at the expense of millions of
dollars, shall undertake to do as re
gards the Appalachians and White
Mountains of the East what It is now
doing in the Rocky Mountains here out
West. It would be both a calamity and
Sn Sbsurdity for the National Govern
ment now to do In the West the very
thing that at a heavy pecuniary cost
It Is trying to undo In the East. By
actual experience id the East we have
found to ouf cost that the Nation, and
not the several states, can best guard
the Interests of the people in the mat
ter of the forests and the waters, and
that If it fails to attempt this duty at
the outset it will later on have to pay
heavily in order to be allowed to take
up the work, which, because It is done
so late, cannot be so well done as if it
had been begun earlier.
"Take the question of the control of
water power sites. The enormous Im
portance of water power sites to the
future industrial development of this
country has only been realized within
a. very few years. Unfortunately, the
realization 'has come too late as re
gards many of the power sites; but
many yet remain with which our hands
ere free to deal. We should make it
our duty to see thst hereafter the pow
er ltes are kept under the control of
the general Government, for the use of
the people as a whole. The fee should
remain with the people as a whole,
while the use is leased on terms which
shall secure an ample reward to the
lessees, which' shall encourage the' de
velopment and use of the water power,
but which shall not create a perma
nent monopoly or permit the develop
ment to be anti-social, to be in .any
respect hostile to the public good. The
Nation alone has the power to do this
effectively, and it is for this reason
that you will find theBO corporations
which wish to gain improper advan
tage and to be freed from efficient con
trol on the part of the public doing all
they can to secure the substitution of
state for National action.
"There is something fairly comic in
the appeal made by many of these men
in favor of state control when you
realize that the great corporations
seeking the privileges of developing
the water power in any given state are
at least as apt to be owned outside the
state as within it. ' In this country,
nowadays, capital has a National and
not a state use. The great corporations
which are managed and largely owned
in the older states are those which are
most in evidence in developing and
using the mines and water powers and
forests of the new territories and ihe
new states, from Alaska to Arizona. I
have been genuinely amused during the
past two months at having arguments
presented to me on behalf of certain
rich men from New York and Ohio, for
instance, as to why Colorado and other
Rocky Mountain States should manage
their own water-power sites. Now
these men may be good citizens ac
cording to their lights, but naturally
enough their special interests obscure
their sense of public need; and as
their object is to escape an efficient
control, exercised In the interest of
all the people of the country, they
ciamor to be put under the state In
stead of under the Nation. If we are
foolish enough to grant their requests,
we shall have ourselves to blame when
we wake up and find that we have per
mitted another privilege to entrench
itself and another portion of what
ehould be kept for the public good to
be turned over to Individuals for pur
poses of private enrichment. During the
last session of Congress bills were in
troduced to transfer the water-power
sites in the National forests and the
public domain to the control of the
states. I cannot state too strongly
my belief that these measures are un
wise and that it would be disastrous to
enact them into law. In substance their
effect would be to free those great
special Interests from all effective con
trol. The passage of such a bill would
be a victory of the special interests
over the general welfare, and a long
backward step down the hill of prog
ress we have of late been climbing.
"The same principle applies with
peculiar force to the coal lands, and
especially to the coal lands in Alaska,
whose protection and ownership by the
Federal Government Is so necessary,
both for full and free industrial devel
opment In the West, and for the needs
of our fleet In the Pacific. The coal
mines should be leased, not sold, and
these who mine the coal should pay
back a part of the profit to the people.
"As an old-time stockman I realize that
the present order of things on the open
range cannot continue, and that the sure
way to protect the range itself, prevent
the Increase of big outfits, promote the
equitable use of the grasing lands, and
foster genuine homestead settlement, is
to extend over the open range a system
of range control somewhat similar to that
now In effect on the National Forests.
"I do not believe that a single acre of
our public lands should hereafter pass
into private ownership except for the
single purpose of homestead Settlement,
and I know that the stockmen stand
with me in their desire to remove every
obstacle from the path of the genuine
homesteader, and to put every possible
obstacle In the pathway of the man who
tries to get public lands by misrepre
sentation or fraud. This Is absolutely
necessary on the agricultural lands. - It
is at least equally necessary on the min
eral lands. It would be a calamity,
whose baleful effect on the average citi
zen we can scarcely exaggerate. If the
great stores of coal and other mineral
fuels still owned by the people in Alaska
and elsewhere should pass Into the un
regulated ownership of monopolistic cor
porations. "You progressive stockmen have stood
heartily by the Conservation movement,
and with you have stood many others
throughout the West, to whom large
credit is1 due, such as the lumbermen in
Washington and Oregon, the Irrigators
in California, and the supporters of the
country life movement in and around
Spokane. t
"I have just come back from a very
interesting trip in the old world. M
spent a year In a comparative holiday
in Africa, and a quarter of a year in
fairly vigorous work in Europe, dur
ing much of which It seemed the kind
purpose of my hosts to give me exactly
the same kind of experience, the point
of vigor which I am having today.
When I came back with my feelings of
friendliness for foreign people in
creased, yet I can with sincerity eay
that with all our faults and with all
our shortcomings and I know them
well there Is not any other spot on the
face of the earth where life is so su
premely worth living, where the chance
which the average man has is so good,
as in this country of ours. There-is
any amount of things which need to be
improved and yet, I think. It Is per
fectly possible to combine a full know
ledge of the evils which exist not only
with a determination to cut out those
evils, but with a full realization of our
great advantages.
"Two things struck me while I was
abroad. The first was that to the ave- .
rage man whose life was hard. Ameri
ca stood as the name which symbol
ized hope. The second thing was that
almost e'ery man whom I met on the
other side and talked with to any ex
tent, would ask me anxiously about
some feature of business or political
corruption in America. Every reac
tionary, every opponent of free Insti
tutions, hailed with sardonic laughter
every Instance of corruption, as proof
that our plan for a democratic Govern
ment was an empty dream.
."We should t realize that we are not
only the custodians of the prosperity
of our children, but in a sensei of the
whole world. Shame, triple shame, be
ours, if we spoil the world's dream of
the possibility of a popular government
on a Continental scale. I ask you, men
and women of Colorado, to go back to
your homes with the resolute purpose
to fight for honesty, in both business
and politics, not only for our own
sakes and for the sakes Of our children,
who ought to inherit the land, but-for
the sakes of the people of the world.
who stand and watch the experiment
which we are making in the Republic
of the West, so that their hopes shall
not be dimmed."
A Real Town in Forty-eight Hours.
8t. Paul Dispatch.
"Watch Timber Lake Grow!"
With this slogan a commercial club al
ready haa been organized in Timber
Lake, a town a little over 48 hours old.
atid efforts are being made td secure the
county seat of Dewey County and' a Gov
ernment land office. The lot sal of the
Interior Department has closed. It was
one of the most successful ever held in
the Northwest. The road disposed of
310 lots in two days, at a total price of
$78,121. A newspaper has . been started,
and water works will shortly be inrtalled.
A lake three miles long adjoins the town.