lO
THE MORXIXG OEEGOXIAX, FRIDAT, JULY 22, 1910.
FOBTLASD. OSEGOX.
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RESULTS OF THE AS6EMBI.T.
Republicans of Oregon have con
ferred together in assembly on the dis
organized and disrupted state of their
(party. The assembly has adopted a
platform, whose chief plank cites the
necessity of representative party or
ganization and of representative dem
ocratic government. It has "recom
mended a list of candidates, whom it
calls upon majority of party to nomi
nate in the primaries next September.
It has turned downor at this writing
It appears certain that it will turn
Mown decisively the impudent rec
ommendation of a clique of interested
lawyers for a so-called "non-partisan"
Judiciary. It has sent a message to
the nation at large that the Repub
lican party has at last wearied of
Hvanderlng through the bogs and mazes
of party chaos and disaster, and is pre
paring to return to safe ways, under
competent and intelligent guidance. It
Is tired of Statement No. 1 ; it wants no
more of Democratic interference with
and' control of Republican affairs; it
eees through the Pharisaical preten
tions of Fopulistlc leadership, mas
querading for its own purposes as Re
publican; it understands now perfectly
that the helter-skelter primary puts a
premium on the ambitions and desires
of demagogues and self-nominated
candidates, and that amendment of
the primary law Is proper and desir
able, to the end that its operation
may be made more efficient and more
discriminative.
So far so good. Much has been
done, but more is yet to be done. The
Oregonian will not pretend that it
believes, or has believed, that an as
sembly is the perfect political method,
or that its counsels are sure always to
be- inspired by unvarying judiciousness
end unquestionable wisdom. It has re
garded the assembly merely as the
most available instrument for the cor
rection or amelioration of the obvious
evils of the promiscuous plurality pri
mary. The passions and prejudices of
men may be manifest in a convention
or assembly' aa in a primary, though
in the one there is opportunity for
curbing or controlling them, while In
the other any attempt to prevent their
tree play is futile. If. therefore, the
recent state assembly has not realized
all the expectations of The Oregonian
or of the public, there is perhaps no
reason for undue chagrin or disap
pointment, and there ought to be no
cessation of the effort to do what The
Oregonian and the wiser leaders of
the Republican party have set out to
do.
If these remarks seem to require
particular elucidation or application.
The Oregonian will say that it deems
the nomination of Mr. Bowerman for
Governor not the best that might have
keen made. It recognizes and ack
nowledges the many merits of this
forceful and energetic young man; and
It thinks that, if elected, he will make
an admirable Governor. Yet it Is con
strained to remark that the Bowerman
nomination means a difficult and
arduous campaign, and it feels that
tmccess might better have been as
sured by the selection of Dr. Smith, or
Mr. Moores, or Judge Burnett, or
Sludge Harris, or some other like one
of these. We shall hope for the' elec
tion of Mr. Bowerman; we shall also
look to the gentlemen who have been
So active in bringing about his nomina
tion, regardless of any suggestion of its
political Inexpediency, to bear the heat
and burden of the day during the cam
paign.
THB BALLDIOER VERDICT.
Eastern advices point aulte unmis
takably to the exoneration of Mr. Bal
linger by a majority pf the committee
that Investigated the serious charges
made against him. Any fair-minded
man, who took the trouble to follow
the testimony Introduced at the in
quiry, could easily understand why
air. Ballinger would be declared in
nocent of wrongdoing. It was also
oqually apparent that no effort was
to be spared by his assailants to se
cure his "conviction" on the charges
Ibrought against him. and the notor
iously biased attitude of some of the
members of the committee made It
a certainty that there would be a
minority report in which prejudice
Instead of evidence, would play an
important part. This verdict of con
fidence in Mr. Ballinger, of course, iwill
still further inflame Mr. Plnchot and
his satellites who have used, every
means in their power to besmirch the
man who dared to decline to do their
bidding.
Every move that they have made.
Including the theft of private corre
spondence and the purchase of false
testimony, has displayed an animosity
that could not be stayed by the pres
entation of mere facts. This favorable
report of the committee, quite natur
ally, leaves Mr. Ballinger in a position
Where it is the duty of the Adminis
tration to stand behind him. For the
"Western man to be forced out of of
fice, or abandoned because he had
nerve enough to obey the law and
refuse to pay homage to a lot of
theoretical faddists, who have cast a
blight over the entire West, would be
nothing Bhort of an outrage. This
committee report will probably form
an Interesting part of the programme
at the approaching conservation con
gress. It will probably draw the lines
between the Pinchots, their followers
of lickspittle stenographers and sneak
ing aecretarles and clerks, and the
members of the Taft Administration
who believe in fair play and Justice.
Not a scintilla of evidence was In
troduced at the Ballinger hearing that
tended to show where the secretary
had departed in the slightest degree
trom the letter of the law. Incidental
evidence, which appeared at the hear
ing, showed that la the past Mr. Pin.-,.
chot and Mr. Garfield, where the law
failed to meet with their approval,
had departed from it and laid down
a law of their own. It will be Inter
esting to note what action is taken
by the conservation congress on this
Important matter. As the verdict now
stands, it would seem that Colonel
Roosevelt himself will be obliged to
take a side of the dispute, for the
Ballinger incident has developed into
a National issue that he cannot well
evade.
THE REAL BARBARIAN.
The Oregonian. several days ago, in
commenting on an address of Gover
nor Hay, of Washington State, in
which that executive championed par
liamentary legislation and criticised
'direct" legislation, spoke of Oregon's
wholesale "system" as reversion to
barbarism. Now comes a pestiferous
country editor, denouncing The Ore
gonian. for calling people of Oregon
"barbarians." His is one of numer
ous petty intellects which, though un
able to read plain English aright, yet
pose as leaders and moulders of the
mind of the people.
Citizens ofthis state realize now the
vices of free-for-all "direct" legisla
tion and will refuse to follow the lead
of ITRen and Bourne to abolition of
parliamentary lawmaking. That is,
they will decline to revert to the
mode of middle age barbarians. They
have not declared themselves in favor
of abolishing representative, constitu
tional government, although they have
accepted a few preliminaries of a sys
tem whose trend is in that direction.
Were they barbarians they would not
realize the fakery of numerous quack
politicians who are now trying to lead
them astray from tested landmarks of
government.
A person who cannot read straight
English or who twists it with a mean
ing to suit his own purpose is some
distance removed from the pale of
civilization, and displays barbarian
habits.
AMERICANS NOT HURT BY IT LI TIN OS.
American sugar and tobacco inter
ests have not been injured by modifi
cation of the tariff in favor of Filipinos.
The tariff was lowered on sugar and
tobacco coming from the islands,
though it was not by any means en
tirely removed. According to the
Jeremiahs of beet sugar and tobacco,
desolation was certain to befall them
as soon as the direful reduction took
effect. It has now been in operation
long enough to produce Its dreadful
consequences, but they fall to ap
pear. The Philippines do not raise
enough sugar to cause much disturb
ance of the market even if the whole
crop were to be shipped here, but as
a matter of fact only a little of it
comes, and it is plain enough to ev
erybody that "its admission at 75 per
cent of the Dingley rates has not re
duced prices. Some consumers may
possibly regret this fact; but our pres
ent purpose is to explain that the
prophetic wails of the sugar trust have
not been justified.
The story of tobacco is similar.
Users of the weed have not observed
any fall In the price of their luxury
since it began to come In from the
Philippines under the reduced rates
of duty. The trust still manages to
hold Its own and piles up its annual
millions of profit much the same as
if no relief had been vouchsafed to
our island subjects.
Americans, like other nations, must
accustom themselves to keeping cool
when there Is a clash threatened be
tween the interest of the public and
that of some special business.
The American tariff on Filipino
goods Is called "protective," but it is
like all other protective tariff hum
bug and delusion.
MCARAOCAN CONTINGENCIES.
Among the events which may possi
bly happen before long Is an occupa
tion of Nicaraugua by United States
troops. The actions of the evanescent
rulers of that distracted land may
become so disagreeable to the Wash
ington authorities that they will feel
called upon to bring them to an end.
President Madrlz is reported to be
much the same sort of man as Zelaya
was. He carries things with a high
hand and threatens injuries more or
less dire to any ships or land ad
venturers who happen tp disobey his
mandates.
It cannot be said that the people
of the United States care a great deal
what happens in Nicaraugua. Mr.
Knox" diplomatic experiments there
have excited a quantity of languid
comment which, upon the whole,
somewhat faintly approves of his
course. The country likes to see
American sailors protected and finds
no fault even when freebooters of our
kin are upheld. The occupation of
Nicaragua, if it ever takes place, will
not cause much excitement here.
Cynical persons will have their fling
at the whole business as a move for
the profit of the rubber trust and
then It will be forgotten.
But there are countries which are
not so likely to forget it immediately.
Mexico, in spite of its close business
connections with the United States,
is still an Independent nation, with
interests of Its own. The government
of Diaz does not regard our advances
in Central America with favor. It is
conceivable that in case of our going
to extremes there a vigorous protest
might emanate from that quarter.
The South American Republics would
find fresh occasion for Jealous sus
picions were our troops to invade
Nicaraugua. They would interpret the
proceeding as the open beginning of
the . absorption of the entire Latin
portion of the hemisphere. To be
sure, nothing like an alliance of these
countries against the United States
Is to be anticipated in any event, but,
remembering how eager our author
ities are to establish trade with the
nations to the south of us, it might
perhaps be Just as iwise not to kindle
their enmity unless there is real ne
cessity for it.
There Is another aspect of the
Nicaraugan trouble which may be
rather fanciful, but at any rate it is
worth mentioning. Germany has
shown a disposition to settle its af
fairs in Central America without con
sulting this country. The Kaiser, it
i9 said, sees no reason why our In
terests there should be treated as
paramount or why he should recog
nize any peculiar rights of ours in
that part of the world. In his esti
mation we stand In Nicaraugua upon
precisely the same footing as any other
nation. This does not exactly amount
to a defiance of the Monroe doctrine.
It is more like an effort to apply the
Monroe doctrine to the United States
as well as to other powers. We have
said that no European nation shall
acquire new territory on this continent
by conquest. Germany replies, "Very
well; and .we will sea to it that the
United States abides by the same rule.
Matters might easily come to such a
pass that the concert of Europe would
"view with alarm" any fresh terri
torial expansion of the United States.
. THE LNCOMK TAX AMENDMENT.
Up to this time the Income tax
amendment has not sailed on seas so
halcyon as its friends might have
wished. Seven state legislatures have
voted in favor of it. but on the other
hand, eight have treated It with de
cided coolness. Mr. Aldrich's legis
lature rejected it by a unanimous vote
in both houses. No other has taken
action quite so hopelessly hostile, still
it has been slighted elsewhere. The
Massachusetts Legislature, for exam
ple, rejected it in both Houses though
not unanimously. These two states
are the only ones in which the lower
and upper houses have united in un
favorable action on the amendment.
In three legislatures It has been lost
for the time being by acceptance in
one branch and rejection in the other.
In New York and Virginia it was the
lower house which refused to ratify,
in Louisiana it was the upper house,
while the more popular body strongly
favored it. Three states, Connecticut,
New Jersey and Ohio, have Indicated
their lack of love for the measure by
permitting It to go over to some future
session. ,Of the seven states which
have ratified It Georgia is the last.
This month the legislatures of Ver
mont and Texas meet In extra session
and they may take It up, but with
those exceptions no more states will
express themselves upon the subject
until next Winter. Many legislatures
will then be In session and the fate of
Mr. Taft's amendment may be de
cided definitely.
With the admission of Arizona and
New Mexico it will take thirty-six
states to adopt the measure, and the
present outlook is that there will be
some difficulty in finding them. A
singular trait In the adventures of the
amendment hitherto is the disfavor it
meets with in . the more popular
branches of the state legislatures. The
Income tax has been supposed to be
above all else a measure dear to the
plain, people. This supposition re
ceives something of a shock when we
observe that the representatives near
est the people seem to regard it with as
much disfavor as anybody else. It
would 'be curious to learn how much,
if any, influence against the Income
tax amendment the land values tax
propaganda has exerted. The two
measures stand in flat contradiction
and the latter is winning favor in
many sections of the country.
CENTRAX AXT SOUTHEASTERN 'uRE
GON. The wonderful resources of South
eastern Oregon, until now unguessed,
still practically unknown, are now at
tracting the attention of settlers and
stimulating the enterprise of railroad
builders, stockraisers and wheat and
forage growers. ln expanse an em
pire, with resources in the directions
indicated that are practically unlimit
ed, with climatic conditions far more
favorable to agriculture and home
building than are those of the much
advertised plains of Saskatchewan and
Alberta, or even those of the Dakotas,
this section of Oregon has only waited
the coming of the railroad as an In
centive to development.
The few settlers in all of the vast
region included, In Crook, Klamath
and Lake Counties, have lived lives of
isolation the dreamy, dreary life of
the herder, the small farmer far from
market and the frontier villager for
all the years that have passed since
the subjugation of the Indians made
settlement In this 'beautiful, abounding
region practicable. The freight train
and the stage coach, the latter carry
ing the mails at stated intervals, have
been their only means of communica
tion with the world beyond their line
of vision. The solitude and passive
wastefulness of undeveloped re
sources lay all about them. Rude
plenty was with them, and the spirit
of neighborliness that mocked at dis
tance kept them in touch with each
other, . though long periods of non
communication intervened.
Such conditions naturally attracted
but few men with families and the set
tlement of this magnificent region
lagged. Now and then a man, more en
terprising or more daring or less con
siderate for the social and educational
welfare of his family than the rest,
explored these solitudes and, return
ing, transplanted his family thither.
Stories of the beauty and possibilities
of the Goose Lake and Klamath Lake
regions, of the vast ranges for stock
in Crook and Lake and Klamath Coun
ties, and of the healthfulness of the
entire region, were told by returning
explorers. But the inaccessibility of
the country placed a ban upon Its de
velopment and a narrow limit upon
its population. The surplus livestock
of the ranges was driven to the near
est shipping point; the wool was car
ried away by the great freight trains
that wound in and out over the hills,
and returning brought such supplies
as the settlers' most urgent needs de
manded. This was practically all.
Note the change that has come with
the advent and the promise of the
railroads, supplemental to the work of
irrigation. According to the report of
State Engineer Lewis, who has Just
made a tour of that country, the de
velopment there has been remarkable
within the few years since the passage
of the Carey law. . Signal activity is
noted at Bend, railroad construction
and water power development are
opening a great era of prosperity in
that section, while Prineville, long the
center of commercial activity for a'
vast region, wears an air of assured
prosperity, the basis of which is the
recent opening of the road land grants
and . the promise of a branch of the
Oregon Trunk Railroad up Crooked
River.
The irrigation projects now under
way under the Carey act are Im
mense. That is to say, the completion
of the projects now under construction
will open up thousands of acres of
land, valuable for wheat, alfalfa and
fruitgrowing to settlement. That
these lands, these devices, this enter
prise and development will add large
ly to the wealth of the state in the
next few years is apparent. It is a
long-delayed chapter in the growth of
the Oregon country that when finally
written will be written large all the
larger, perhaps, .because the develop
ment that has been so long delayed
comes with a surge of population and
the roar of a prosperity that gathered
its might through the slow processes
of silent, halting years.
From Walla Walla comes the story
that a number of wealthy farmers
have subscribed $400,000 for the con
struction . of two large flour mills.
President McLean, of the Walla Walla
J Farmers' Union, says the object of
building the mills is to break the
grip which the so-called "milling
trust" has on the farmer. This is a
laudable ambition, and the "milling
trust," whatever It may be, ought to
welcome the experiment. Between
high-priced wheat and . low-priced
flour, the Oriental trade out of the
Pacific Northwest ports, decreased
about 500,000 barrels last season and
this year the outlook shows but little
change. If the Farmers" Union has
discovered a method by which it can
grind high-priced wheat into flour and
sell the product at a figure that will
meet the competition of the Austra
lians, Manchurians and Japanese, they
can burst all the "milling trusts" in
the country. There is an economic
advantage in grinding all the wheat
possible Into flour, instead of shipping
it as raw material, and the experi
ment of the Farmers' Union will be
viewed with interest.
Mr. John Arthur Johnson, "actor,'
as the conqueror of the white race now
styles himself, In explaining his nu
merous arrests for speeding his auto
mobile, informed a New York judge
that it was done "for advertising pur
poses." While the peculiar advan
tages of this kind of advertising are
not exactly plain to the average in
dividual, Mr. Johnson perhaps knows
what he is talking about. It would
seem, however, that if there are ad
vertising advantages in being arrested
for running an automobile at high
speed through a crowded street, their
financial value would be greatly en
hanced if the culprit were thrown Into
a dungeon for a few weeks instead of
being dismissed with nominal fine or
reprimand. Mr. Johnson has no monop
oly of the speed mania and, if the law,
by providing a term In jail, would keep
some of the maniacs who own auto
mobiles from endangering the lives
of their fellowmen, this would be a
happier world for those who do not
own or owe for automobiles.
Winston Churchill proposes to in
troduce a number of reforms In Brit
ish prison laws, which, if fully car
ried out, ought to make the British
prisons much more attractive places
of residence than the quarters that
are now inhabited by thousands of
homeless beggars in every large city In
the United Kingdom. According to
the Churchill plan, prisoners who are
incarcerated for offenses which do not
involve moral turpitude, will not be
compelled to wear prison garb, will
not have their hair cut and will not
have to undergo a prison bath. They
will be allowed to talk freely with
each other, read books and have lec
tures and concerts. Prison-reform of
this kind ought to attract a great
many prisoners. The Immunity from
a haircut and a bath ought to draw
large numbers of prisoners from this
country, and leave us reasonably free
from the loafers who preach Socialism
from soapboxes on street corners.
"The common enemy of our race,
so proud on account of its power, so
insolent on account of its pride, and
so detestable on account of its In
solence." In this language is the
good old U. S. A. alluded to by a
fiery organ of President Madrlz, of
Nicaraugua. Spoiled children are us
ually spanked for disrespectful lan
guage to their elders, and it is daily
becoming more apparent that Nic
araugua will have to be spanked un
less Estrada attends to the matter be
fore the crisis is reached. The views
above expressed are somewhat harsh,
however, when it is remembered that
had it not been for the Monroe doc
trine, fathered and enforced by the
"proud, insolent and detestable race"
above mentioned, Nicaraugua would
be groveling beneath the heel of some
European monarch.
Mr. U"Ren quotes from The Orego
nian of eight months ago a friendly
mention of his preference voting"
scheme, in contrast with a recent
criticism of his new "improvement" in
this paper. But this paper never put
the unqualified stamp of its approval
on this "improvement"; its discussion
of the matter eight months ago was
preliminary and conditional and re-'
sponsive to a request of its author for
such, treatment. A method of desig
nating first and second choices, as in
the primaries of Washington State
might rescue .Oregon from vices of
plurality primaries and minority nomi
nations. Far superior, however, is
party assembly. Mr. U'Ren's "pref
erence' voting" elections are untried
and chimerical. There are certainly
enough freak innovations in this state
already.
Jimmy Daly, close to the top as
ranking veteran in the local trolley
service, is out of a job because of a
collision In which nobody was hurt.
His twenty-three years of service
counts for nothing to the subordinate
who hires men and "fires" other men
growing gray In the work. Probably
such an incident never reaches the
man at the head, and it is just as
probable that if it did the punishment
would mean only a few demerits. The
thousands who have ridden behind
Jimmy Daly might each drop a post
card to President Josselyn asking
"Why?" Mr. Josselyn began at the
bottom and is a great deal of a hu
man sort of man.
Miles Poindexter, of Seattle, would
be Senator from the great State of
Washington, greatly overshot the mark
when ' he attempted to bag Colonel
Roosevelt as his supporter. The re-:
turn shot from Oyster Bay has re
verberated across the continent.
Of course, electric cars can be dis
patched by telephone. But could any
train get away from a station on time
if the conductor had to wait for
"central" ?
The spectacle of a Yakima Indian
and his wife, taking an outing In an
automobile, is a far Jump from the
buck and squaw on top of a boxcar.
There is . almost a certainty of a
large apple crop in Oregon this year.
Now Is the time to begin saving money
to uy a box for Christmas.
Women of Oregon, who would not
vote, have filed a remonstrance
against equal suffrage. Verily, the
sisters are divided.
As represented by the assembly, the
Republican party of Oregon is a big
Institution with an abundance of vi
tality.
Prohibition Is such a' howling suc
cess in Lane County that seven more
bootleggers are. under arrest in Eu
gene.
Selling short-weight Ice is a scaly
X trick that deserves punishment.
ASSEMBLY IS NOT CONVENTION.
It Makes) No Nominations, Only Reeons-
isesiU Good Candidates.
Dallas Observer.
Foes of the assembly plan are
pleased to apply the term "conven- J
tions" to,, the recent Republican gath
erings which have been held through
out the state. The word "convention"
is a misnomer. A political convention
has the power to nominate candidates
for office. These assemblies can only
recommend candidates for nomination.
The difference is plain, as every man
who is honest with himself and the
people well knows. No nominations
have been made In any county in Ore
gon. This power will rest with the
voters at the primary election to be
held in September. The last word as
to the fitness of any candidate will rest
with the individual voter when he en
ters the voting booth. Bearing this fact
in mind, how senseless is all this cry
that the rights of the people of Ore
gon are being taken from them. How
many intelligent voters are going to
permit themselves to be deceived by it?
It is a fact worthy of note that the
Republican assemblies held in the sev
eral counties of the state have placed
strong men before the- people" for in
dorsement at the polls. A mere glance
at the names recommended for the va
rious offices is all that is required to
convince any voter that the selections
were carefully made. The names of
discredited politicians and professional
office-seekers are conspicuous by their
absence, and in their place are found
the names of men who have been
chosen for their qualifications to fill
the respective offices. In a great ma
jority of instances. Influential, well-
quallfled business men have been In
vited to become candidates who never
would have found the consent of their
minds to nominate themselves and go
running ahound the country seeking
support. The assembly has brought out
for office men of the very highest type
of citizenship. Who will say that it is
not better for the "office to seek the
man" than for "the man to seek the
officer"
Another noteworthy feature of these
county assemblies was their freedom
from machine methods. It is safe to
assert that cleaner, fairer political
gatherings were never held in any
state of the Union. Here and there,
attempts were made to restore boss
dictation, but it is gratifying to note
that in all such Instances these ef
forts were promptly and effectually
squelched by the assembly Itself. The
work of Oregon Republicans in the
last few weeks has not been of a
character to encourage "slate-making"'
in future. A notable example of this
disapproval of machine rule was fur
nished by the assembly in Mulnomah
County last Saturday, when entire dele
gations from precincts which had re
sorted to questionable methods in the
primaries were denied the privilege of
participating In the county gathering.
It is this firm stand for clean politics
and & square deal that is establishing
the assembly in the confidence of the
people.
WHAT USE NOW FOR RESERVES t
Coat Ares Twice ,Siae of New York
Jnat "Withdrawn."
New York Globe.
The public does not realize the mag
nitude of the land withdrawals recent
ly announced by the Department of tba
Interior with the approval of the Pres
ident. In coal lands alone the with
drawals amount to 71.000,000 acres. In
addition to the coal withdrawals are
the petroleum withdrawals, phosphate
withdrawals, and waterpower site with
drawals.
The gross area of New York state is
less than 32.000,000 acres. More than
double the area of New York has posted
on It that no coal prospector may enter.
The land, or. rather, its surface, is open
to agricultural entry, but below ground
Uncle Sam retains title. Mr. Ballinger
has been attacked as hostile to conser
vation. Tf he was he bas obviously re
pented, for he has been instrumental in
doing more to protect the future than
Garfield or Plnchot ever did.
It's easy to post a sign which declares
that mineral deposits are not to be
touched. But this is only half, and a
small half, of the solution of the prob
lem. What is to be done with the land
now that it is withdrawn? These coal
deposits are not to be allowed to repose
untouched. An affirmative policy must
succeed the negative one so triumphantly
established. Otherwise an overwhelming
protest will arise against the dedication
to non-use. Better is it for the exploiter
to make extra profits than it is for the
consumer to be compelled to pay extra
high prices for coal.
Doubling Her Capacity.
Milwaukee Sentinel.
"I want a nurse girl who is capable
of taking care of twins," said a woman
to the manager of an employment
agency.
A dozen maids ranged against the
wall were questioned as to their fa
miliarity: with twins. Finally one girl
produced documentary evidence that
for the last five years most of her
waking moments had been spent in the
company of twins. She got the job,
When she reported for work in the af
ternoon she was introduced to but one
infant.
"Where is the other one?" she asked
"Oh, there are no twins about this
house, said the mistress. I Just said
twins so I would be sure to get a com
petent nurse. Any girl who is capable
of handling two children can give extra
good care to one. That is a little ruse
I always employ when I hire a nurse."
Huaro and Garibaldi.
Sunday at Home.
Visitors to Guernsey are sometimes
able to see Hauteville, where Victor
Hugo, the French poet, lived and died.
In his house Is a handsomely furnished
room, which was specially prepared by
Victor Hugo for Garibaldi, the emanci
pator of Italy, who had promised to be
his guest. Everything which Victor
Hugo thought Garibaldi would appre
ciate was placed in this room. But
Garibaldi changed his plans and never
visited Hauteville. Today the room has
a pathetic Interest, prepared for the
guest who never came.
Jogging Ills Memory.
1 Fllegende Blaetter.
Absent-minded professor (to one of
his colleagues) Excuse me a minute,
but can you tell me the date of the
Peloponneslan War?
Colleague 431 B. C.
A. P. Oh, yes; so it is. Thank you
so much. It Is also our doctor's tele
phone number, and I had to ring him
up.
Largnt Terminal ii the World.
Minneapolis Journal.
Where Ave years ago he turned the
sod of an unbroken muskeg. Sir Wil
frid Laurier, the Dominion premier, re
cently Inspected ,the terminal of the
Grand Trunk Pacific. Railway, at Fort
William, OnL In its area of 1876 acres
at the head of the Great Lakes, this Is
the largest terminal In the world.
Fine Reading.
. Washington Herald.
"Why don't you read the stories In
your magazine?"
"Oh, that kind of fiction Is too slow
for me. I prefer to read about the
elegant stories they're going to print
next month."
To the Stranger Within Your Ga tea
Life. In New England What do you
know?
In New York How much y" got?
In the South Who are you?
In the West rWhat can you dot
Representative Government Cannot Be Abandoned
It la the Basle TrlnHpls too Raaeace, the Very Warn and Woof of the Whole
Fabric of On Political System Ploorgrt of Old Oregon Who Founded
This Commonwealth, Were Devoted to Ita Spirit.
From an address of Governor M. E. Hay
at Washington pioneers' meeting, July 13.
at Lik Seaualltcbew.
History can produce few, If any, finer
examples of those qualities we most ad
mire in men than is found so exception
ally displayed In the pioneers of old Ore
gon. Their energy and determination.
their love of liberty and regard for law.
their courage and their patriotism mark
them as of the best of American citizen
ship. When these people entered the wilder
ness they did not cast off the attributes
of civilization. With them there was no
recession which has seemed to effect men
In their struggles on other frontiers.
They carried with them to their destina
tion the same devotion -to the principles
of government, the same desire for cul
ture and advancement and the same faith
in the Christian religion that was theirs
at the outset of .their emigration. After
their arrival here there appeared none
of that disregard for established rights,
that reckless contempt for life or the
rule of bravado and brawn that has made
the records of so many other pioneer
communities lurid with bloody deeds.
We have every reason to be proud of
the birth as well as of the growth of
these two sister states, and it is Incum
bent upon us of today to strive with the
same jealous care that animated the pio
neers who founded these commonwealths
to secure the benefits of good government
to ourselves. I think we can profit by
emulating their sanity, their common
sense and their devotion to the principles
of republican government as laid down
and established by their forefathers lit
tie more than half a century before them.
w
Those pioneers were hearer the source
from which those principles flowed and
probably were enabled to see with a
clearer vision the wisdom of maintain
ing them in all their original force and
purity.
Many confusing changes have taken
place In our country since their day. Life
has become more complex. New condi
tions have arisen and with them a
mighty crop of political Junlc me-
deallng In queer warea and adding to
the general confusion, leading away
from logic and sanity. Self-professed
prophets come constantly crying In the
wilderness pointing out real and imagin
ary defects in all governments and offer.
Ing strange remedies founded on false
premises and devoid of the essential ele
ments of common sense and practical
utility.
It Is well to withdraw from this din
and babble occasionally as we have here
and. by studying what has been accom
pllshed by those who have gone before,
attempt to pick up the trail they made
and follow it back to first principles.
For, whenever we get away from the fun
damentals and permit ourselves to be
carried by In the swirl and eddies of po
litical cant' and sophistry we are In
snrave danarer of wreckinK the whole
great fabric of our democratic-republican
system of self-government.
When we analyze our political system
we find that its basic principle, its es
sence, the very warp and woof of the
whole fabric, is representative govern
ment. Now, if we change from the prin
clple of representation to any other we
change the whole form, appearance and
spirit of our system.
Representative government as we exer.
else it and as provided by our Federal
and state constitutions is not delegated
government In the sense that many would
have us believe. We have nothing In
representative government that conforms
to the delegated (more often usurped)
governments of Europe. We have no rul
ing class, no political aristocracy to whom
we delegate the' administration of our
laws. Here we have no worn doctrine of
divine right or hereditary privilege. On
the contrary, we have a government of
and by the people, and wherever it fails
to be entirely and solely for the people
It is simply because of the lack of vigi
lance or discrimination on the part of
the people.
In truth and In fact government In
this country Is not something apart
from the governed. All officials in all
branches of our government, legislative,
executive and Judicial, are chosen from
among the mass of citizens, not by a few
specially privileged, but by the mass It
self. Of whom are our Legislatures com
posed? Of our neighbors and fellow
citizens, chosen by our votes; men. like
ourselves, with no more privileges or pre
rogatives 'under the law and, like our
selves, with but - one vote each in their
possession when they go to the polls.
So with the men who occupy the execu
tive positions and also the case with
those who make up the judicial branch
of our government.
Could any system be more admirably
devised to give us what we want and
demand, especially when we consider
how, in their great wisdom, the framers
of our Federal Constitution originated
that excellent system of checks and
balances which was intended to make im
possible the centralization or usurpation
of power in or by either of the co-ordinate
branches of government?
Those sagacious gentlemen who framed
that great document of which we are so
Justly proud did not originate the idea
of representative self-government. They
merely gave it a new and wonderfully
Improved form. The truth is, represen
tation in government is a .racial instinct
with Anglo-Saxons. It was because a
stubborn and narrow English King re
fused to grant to the American colonies
what Englishmen had struggled centuries
for and secured that we have these Inde
pendent United States.
The desire for self-government is native
In the blood of the Anglo-Saxon. - When
the progenitors of that race were no fur
ther developed than the tribal stage in
Northern Europe there existed among
them the rude form of self-government.
They brought with them out of the un
recorded past the folk-moot' and the
hundred-moot or the meeting of the folk
and the assembly of the hundred. These
meetings were held to settle disputes be
tween Individuals, mete out rude Justice
and arrange for war or forays. In Eng
land the folk-moot and the hundred
moot gradually developed into the par
liament of today as population increased
and conditions of life became more com
plex. '
There are those now who advocate a
return to the system that a race out
grew as It emerged from barbarism, that
is a return to the folk-moot In Its pris
tine simplicity. They would have us
who are In the midst of a highly organ
ized civilization, full of distractions and
requiring the closest application of time
and talent to a wide variety of Interests,
attempt to govern ourselves with a sys
tem that met the needs of a simple, pas
toral and barbaric age. They profess to
believe and doubtless many of them do
believe that we, who have refused or
failed to drop absorbing vocations and
private interests long enougn to call halt
to those few representatives who have
gone wrong, could and would give the
careful and painstaking consideration
necessary to secure practical and efficient
government by direct legislation. To me
the proposition would appear ridiculous
were it not so dangerous in its portent.
1 am absolutely convinced that what
ever ills of a' political nature we may
have and whatever evils may have crept
into the conduct of this Government, the
remedy, and a perfectly adequate remedy
at that, can be applied without Chang
Ing the form or wrecking the fahrie as
It was created by the patriots of the
Revolution and has been handed down
to us by our fathers.
MORTGAGE TAX INJURES OREGON
TJnion County Writer Says Assessor
There Will Lint Lus Notea.
La Grande Observer.
This year it is compulsory that all
notes be taxed, according to a decree
Issued by the Tax Board. . .
In taxing notes it seems to many
that there Is a double taxation, for the
property is first assessed and then the
notes which represent any Indebtedness
on that property are also taxed. But
even if double taxation does exist, the
question naturally arises which should
carry the burden of taxation the property-holder
or the note-holder?
Regardless of the injustice If It be an
Injustice, and it would seem that it Is
the order has been made for the As
sessor to overlook no note, and that or
der will be lived up to In Union County.
Back of the order Is a statute which is
cause for the action and which should
be repealed, according to the opinion
of a great many people.
It seems that several years ago Ore
gon, had what was known as the mort
gage taxation law. Its enforcement
meant that every mortgage on proper
ty In the state should be taxed. By its
enforcement Eastern money was driv
en from Oregon in large amounts and
there was some alarm felt by Ore
gonians. The Legislature repealed that
part of the statute applying to mort
gages, according to history, but over
looked the clause applying to notes. As
the note Is essence of a mortgage. It
leaves things In the same shape as for
merly. But the action of the Legislatur
caused many counties to cease taxing
notes, and for a number of years the
statute was treated as dead. Now, how
ever, it has been revived by the Tax
Board, and an order made for its en
forcement calling every Assessor in the
state to note the meaning and intent
of the measure.
A National Bureaueracy.
Hartford Times, Dem.
We are coming nearer and nearer to
the day, evidently, when a body of of
ficials having their headquarters at
Washington will have to be consulted
by everybody in the country who de
sires to do business, just as the Czar of
Russia and his bureaucrats have ta be
consulted now by anybody who desires
to do business in that country.
I.OKlc-al.
Harper's Bazar.
"Mother," asked little Ethel, "now
that you're in mourning for Cousin
Adelaide, will you wear black night
dresses, too?"
"What an absurd question, child!"
"Oh, I only thought you might be as
sorry at night as you were during the
day," ventured Ethel.
His Greatest Degree.
Cleveland Leader.
The Colonel has come back with the.
degrees of A. B., LL. D., Litt- D., Ph. H
and D. C. L.. not to mention the &f
grees of latitude he took when he tofcV
England, how to govern Egypt.
Colerldgiana.
New York Sun.
The Ancient Mariner wept.
"Water, water everywhere, and I for
got to water the plants," he cried.
Trembling, he feared to face his
wife.
Whistler's "Coast of Brittany."
Charlotte F. Daley.
A lonely stretch of rock and sand,
A lonely stretch of sky and sea,
A lonely peasant fast asleep;
This. Whistler's "Coast of Brittany."
No sail to break the horizon line.
No winging- bird, no droning- bee.
But vast and restless loneliness;
This, Whistler's "Coast of Biittany."
I from the turmoil of the street
Enter a quiet room to see
Not canvas, frame or painted thing.
But the real coast of, Brittany!
And on Its wave-swept, wind-swept sand.
Prone as the peasant there to lie.
At rest in soul and body both.
Under the lonely, brooding sky;
Thankful that once there lived a rr.an.
Though oft maligned by fools was he.
Who could within a three-foot span
Show me the coast of Brittany!
IN THE MAGAZINE
SECTION OF THE
SUNDAY
OREGONIAN
BUSY SEASON FOR UNCLE
SAM'S FIRE-FIGHTERS
Now is the time when forest
rangers are on the alert to prevent
destruction of timber on Federal
reserves.
ROUGHING IT UP JN ORE
GON'S NORTHEAST CORNER
Pleasure trip on foot over the
mountains of Wallowa County
that was full of hardships.
FINE POINTS OF INFIELD ING
IN THE BASEBALL GAME
After reading what John Evers
and Hugh Fullerton set forth,
spectators will have keener inter
est in the great sport.
SEEING MOUNT M'KINLEY
ON THE TOGO TOURS
"Wallace Irwin takes an entirely
new twist with his famous sight
seeing car.
ORDER EARLY FROM YOUR
NEWSDEALER