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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 15, 1910)
- i s r VOL. Ii. NO. 15,408. PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 1910. PRICE FIVE CENTS. PRESIDENT HISSED BY SUFFRAGISTS DR. PEARSONS, 90, IS DISAPPOINTED PREACHING SUNDAY HELD T0BE CRIMINAL POINDEXTER'S RAGE BLOWTO PBIMARY LODGER FALLS 3 STORIES ON TO MAN LOCKS IMPRISON VALLEY IS PLAINT OD SWINDLE NOW N EARS 5,000,000 llh;V Central Very Heavy Loser. V XO MORE GIVIXG WILL Bl1v DtLCED I?f FOR YEAR, " TOPEKA'S MAXOR TO ENFORCE ' . BICE LAW TO LETTER TUMBLER KNOCKED SENSELESS, OTHER tXHCRT. Lack of Sympathy Vexes Delegates WOMEN'S INTEREST DOUBTED Rebuke Quickly Follows Un- friendly Demonstration. MANY APPLAUD AT CLOSE Addres. Characterized by Speaker as . "3Iy Confession,'' Kxpresses , Fear That "Jjess Desirable" . Class" Would Dominate. . WASHIXGTOfi April .14. The Pres ident of the United States, the first chie fexecutlve of the Nation ever to greet a convention of woman suffra gists tonight had the oourage to con fess bis opinion and was hissed. So great was the throng: that sought ad missllon to the hall that hundreds were turned away. President Taft was welcoming to Washington the delegates to the con ventio nof the National Woman Suf frage Association. He told them frankly he was not altogether in sym pathy with the suffrage movement and was explaining why he could not sub scribe fully to its principles. Control by "Ciiclesirables" Feared. He sal dhe thought one of the dangers in granting suffrage to wo men was that women, asa whole, were not interested in it. and that the" bal lot, as far as women are concerned, would be controlled by the "less de sirable class." Whe nthese words fell from the President's lips the walls of the hall echoed a chorus of feminine hisses. It was no feeble demonstration of protest. President Taft stood unmoved In the demonstration of hostility the. hises continued only a moment and then, smllln gas he spoke, he answered the unfavorable greeting. Kebuke Is Prompt. Now. my dear ladles.- be Raid, "you iru st show yourselves capable of suffrage sby exercising that degree of restraint which is necessary in the conduct of governmental affairs by not hissing." The women who has bJssed were re buked The President's reply apparent ly had taken- hold. There were no more hisses while the President continued his address, which he characterized as "my confession" on the woman suffrage ques tion. At the conclusion of his talk he was applauded and some of the leaders of the convention expressed to him their sincere regret over the unpleasant inci dent. ' President Taft asmired them his feel ings were not injured in the leant. STORM OVER PARDON ENDS Colonel Cooper Silent, Xaslivllle to Flglit Governor at Polls. NASHVTT.LE. April 14. Nashville has quieted down today after the ex citement of yesterday attending the sctlon of the Supreme Court and the governor's subsequent pardon in the case of Colonel Duncan B. Cooper, sen tenced to 20 years in prison for tha murder of ex-Senator Carmack. Bo.h Colonel Cooper and his son have thus far declined to m a 1 a ,.., wn. statement. Governor Patterson has made no comment on his pardon. The Supreme Court today rednced the ball for Robin Cooper from $25,000 to I10.000. OREGON PLAYERS LAID LOW Washington Vniverslty Beats Them by J4-to-0 Seore. SKATTLE, April 14. The University of Washington baseball team had lit tle difficulty in beating the team of the University of Oregon today. The Washington players hit Oregon's pitchers at will, while the visitors were able to get only four safe hits. The sore: Batteries Henkle, Pobie. Word and R.H.E.I K.H.E. Oregon 0 4 6 Washi'ton 14 13 1 Oabrielson; Clark and Henemway. Um pire, Gleason. TWINS ARE' BORN IN JAIL rtoman Accused or Killing Husband Becomes Mother. tENVER. April 14 Twins were born 9t night in the Denver County Jail to Mrs. Emma Jett. who is charged with the murder of her husband. She will be placed on trial for ber life as soon as her condition will permit. Tart to Attend CnvelHng. WASHINGTON, April 14. President rsft has promised Representative Townsend to go to Monroe, Mich., on June 14 and attend the unveiling of a memorial statue to General Custer. Monroe was Custer' home when he enlisted, and the old homestead there Is now owned by the Government. The ilte , will be jieed Xor a Postofflcs touilOlXg. - -. . Five or His "Children," He Says, Meaning Colleges, Fall to Come to Time. CHICAGO, April 14. Dr. D. K. Pear sons, philanthropist and benefactor of 47 small colleges in the South and West, celebrated ' his ninetieth birth day. t On this occasion it had been ex pected the aged millionaire would an nounce the distribution of most of the balance of his fortune and many of his "children," as he style the insti tutions to which he- has given aid, had been expecting further recogni tion. But they are tobe disappointed. Dr. Pearsons says his purse will be closed for a year and gives' the reasons in the following announcement, which he addresses to The Public: ''I have not accomplished on my birthday what I expected. Kive of my colleges have failed to come to time. I will not cut them "on", but have given them one year longer to meet my de mands. During this year no other gifts will be made to a -college or to individuals or to any cause what-, ever. I am going to rest a year. No letters, no solicitations In any way, shape or manner will induce me to depart from my stand. . "When I get all my colleges in line, I shall spend the little I have left to take care of my children. I have 47 children scattered in 24 states." - HARBOR BILL UNDER FIRE Burton Opposes Kivcr Improve ments Mf.y Ask Veto. WASHINGTON, April 14. Disregard ing the pleas of many of his associates Senator Burton, of Ohio, chairman of the National 'Waterways Commission, a member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, presented today a minority report on the pending- bill, which would appropriate about $52,000,000 for the improvement of rivers and harbors. It Is said that if his- opposition to a majority of these great projects should be unsuccessful there will be launched a movement looking to the veto of the bill by the President. In summarizing his report, Mr. Burton lays down the most important rules which should govern: "Provision for the completipn of an Im provement when adopted, save in ex ceptional cases; a greater degree of dis crimination by omitting projects con demned by the experts who make the surveys and recommendations; for a careful review of pending projects In the light of present conditions; a most care ful consideration before the adoption of projects with especial reference to avoid ance of lock and dam construction, save In streams which are capable of being made arteries of commerce; a division of expenses when exceptional advantages accrue to private property of specific lo calities or when the protection of private property is the main object and naviga tion subordinate; the exclusion from the bill of proposed Improvements which do not have to do with navigation: a gener al policy of Improving the main streams before attention is given to branch streams." WOMEN PROTEST TO TAFT Anti-Suffragists Oppose Address to Suffrage Convention. NEW YORK, April 14. President Taft. by promising to address the woman suf frage convention, which opened in Wash ington today, has aroused the wrath of the 'anti9,' who have sent him a letter of protest- The communication is signed by nine representative members of the New York State movement opposed to women suffrage, and says in part: "It is with great regret that the women belonging to the New York State organ ization opposed to woman suffrage have heard that you are to address the advo cates of woman suffrage at their opening meeting this week. Although you have publicly declared that this action is not to be taken as indorsing the movement. It is impossible to disabuse the minds of the general public from accepting your presence there as your sanction at least,' RIOTERS RAZE MISSION Chinese, Angered by Kice Corner, Attack Missionaries. SHANGHAI. April'l4. The Wesleyan Mission at Changsha, the capital of the 'province of Hunan, was destroyed by rioters today. The missionaries took refuse in the Yamen, which the rioters subsequently attacked. There was no loss of life. . Two British gunboats are- hurrying up the Siangktang for the purpose of quelling the disturbance. The out break is attributed to the indignation of the natives at the action of the Chi nese officials in cornering and export ing rice. TRAINS CLASH; ONE KILLED Burlington Passenger Collides With j, Freight Near Billings. HELENA. Mont. April 14.' Speeding eastward at ' the rate of 60 miles an hour, a Burlington passenger train, Xo. 43, collided early today with an extra, freight train at Tolusa, Most, a few miles east of Billings. Brakeman Iatterson, of the freight crews, was instantly killed and Freight Conductor S. Jackson suffered two broken legs. Several cars and ca booses were demolished. Europe to Have Good Crops. WASHINGTON. April 14. Bountiful crops at this year's harvest in Europe are indicated by reports received at the Department of Agriculture, a sum mary of which, was issued todajs PECULATIONS COVER YEARS Fraud' Believed to Involve Country's Big Concerns. . 4-SCORE DETECTIVES BUSY Bills Rendered Railroad by Vari ous Companies for Sums Totaling Millions of Dollars Are Being Held t"p by Officials. CHICAGO, April 14.SpeciaI.) Five million dollars is declared today to be a not extravagant estimate of the sum that the Illinois Central Railroad res lost In a swindle that a. detective agency is inves tigating. Although the sum that the railroad is alleged to have lost early was set at $1,000,000, the revelations made by the in quiry of the detectives put upon the case by President J. T. Harehan are declared to have raised this figure until now it is nearer $5,000,000. W. ' J. BurruB. the San Francisco ' graft Investigator, and 75 operatives under him are doing the work, which covers a period of four years' peculations' and has reached to nearly every city upon the system of the Illinois Central Railroad. Old Officials Make Way for New. An Interesting sidelight, upon the affairs of the Illinois Central la that within the past year there baa been almost an en tire reorganization of the official family, the old officials having given way to new ones. ; Out of the chaos and excitement stirred by the visit of detectives' to the various offices and manufacturing plants of com panies w-bich, bad transactions with the Illinois Central Railroad came some infor mation showing the well-defined plan which la being pursued. In the first place, it was discovered that bills rendered the Illinois Central by various companies for sums totalling millions of dollars are being held up. The companies have been notified that their bills will not be paid until'' after the investigation is ended. Trip to Tennessee Results in Probe. The trip of Detective Burns to Mem phis, Tenn., which brought to light the investigation, was discovered to have been for the purpose of making Inquiries at the offices of the Memphis Car Com pany, some of the officers and employes of which expected to assist the detectives in their work. Among the companies, which had busi ness dealing with the Illinois Central road and whose employes, and In some instances, officials, have been questioned concerning work done for and sales made to the Illinois Central road, are the fol lowing: ' i ' The Pittman Company, Osterman Man ufacturing Company, Osterman A Dolph. Kellogg Car Company, of Kankakee. 111.; American Car & Equipment Company, of Chicago Heights; Ryan Car Company, Memphis Car Company, of Memphis, Tenn.; International Car Company. of New Orleans; American Car & Foundry Company. If Theaters Are Wrong, He Argues, Any Other Work Done Sunday for Money Is Evil. TOPEKA, Kan.; .- April 14. Spe cial.) Does the preaching of a sermon on Sunday for pay, the singing in a church choir for compensation and the playing of the church organ for money constitute a breaking- of Topeka's Sun day anti-labor, law? Mayor Billard says these things are just as i much of an infringement of the ' ordinances as ' the working of actors and stage-nands, who are ' now prohibited from following their voca tions Sunday. ' Mayor Billard also calls attention to the operation of the street-cars on the Sabbath, and to open drug stores, cigar stores, peanut stands and soda foun tains. The plain inference Is that he expects to make Topeka the "tight est" blue law town in Christendom unless the people repeal the present Sunday anti-labor, law. Mayor Billard does not believe in the closing of theaters ' Sunday. He says that this is the day of recreation for the laboring man. and so long as the attending of theaters is an ancient amusement, the people should be al lowed to enjoy it. In other words," said the Mayor to day, "the best way to get an obnoxious law repealed is to, enforce it to the letter. That is what I intend to sdo with the Sunday anti-labor law.'. FRESNO HEIR RECOGNIZED Brother Acknowledges . Claim, but Dakotan Will Take Appeal. BOSTON, April 14. A public ac knowledgement of the claim of the Fresno, CaL. fruit packer to be Daniel Blake Russeli and entitled to half of the three-quarters of a million dollars and estate of the late Daniel Russell, of Melrose, was made today by William C Russell, another son. One of the provisions of the will of Daniel Russell is that should the miss ing heir appear he should- have half the estate. It will be necessary,' however, for the Fresno man to prove his claim and it is expected that counsel for the Dickinson, N. D-, claimant will not only carry an' appeal to the Supreme Court, but will strongly oppose the Fresno man in the Probate Court Years of litigation are believed to be inevitable. Demonstrations continue- Melrose, Mass., by crowds of those who sympa thize with the Dickinson man whose heirship was denied Tuesday in. the Probate Court. Stone 1 throwing is the chief feature of the demonstrations. Three policemen were injured last night when the mob paraded the streets of MeU rose for hours, cheering for the Dickin son claimant and booting the names of persons prominent in the respondent's side of the recent trial. DIGGING RECORDS BROKEN Panama Canal Engineers Have Fin ' Ishcd Original Amount. WASHINGTON, April 14 Although it was generally known that splendid pro gress had been made by the Army en gineers in digging the Panama Canal, the statement contained in the oanal record just at hand' that all of the excavation that was contemplated in the original project has been completed comes as a surprise. - Under that plan 103,793.000 cubic yards of material were to be removed and that has been done. But subsequently, the President ordered the widening and deep ening of the canal cut. That involved the removal of 70.871,694 additional yards of material and this, is all of the task of excavation that confronts the engineers. The record of accomplishments has been without precedent. Last month 3,067. 4fi9 yards of material were taken out in the face of the heaviest March rains known on the Isthmus. WILLIAM JENNIN'S "GUESS I'LL DIG UP FREE SILVER.' Party Is Disrupted Senatorial Fight. in INSURGENT'S STATUS IN DOUBT Republicans May Reject Spo kane Man, If Nominated. CAMPAIGN IS MANY-SIDED Western Washington Thinks Man From That Section. Should Be Named, but Factions Seem to Be Hopelessly Divided. SEATTLE, Wash, April 14. (Spe cial. )--The candidacy tor the United States Senate of Miles Poindexter, United States Representative, of Spo kane, and radical insurgent, is a rock on which, there is now prospect that the direct primary lay, insofar as it affects tha choice of United States Senator, may be split wide open in the State of Washington. - ' Some of the far-seeing politicians of the state recently have been making investigations in the four quarters of the commonwealth and have reached the conclusion that with King County divided as it is, there is a strong pros pect that- Poindexter will secure enough vot,es to represent a- plurality in the primaries, although undoubtedly this plurality would in reality repre sent a. minority of the party in the state. Democrats for Poindexter. The old plan of the Democrats vot-ting- the Republican primary ticket will be carried out this year, almost t6 a certainty, in behalf of Poindexter, whose record in Congress as . one of the most uncompromising of insur gents is pleasing to - the - minority party. In Seattle, where a division of strength among tnree candidates ' is regretted by those who wish to see Senator piles succeeded by a Western Washington Republican, the strength cf McCormlck," the Pierce County can 'didate, is depreciated. It is even as serted .that if the primaries were held tomorrow Poindexter would carry Pierce County, because of the as sistance of the anti-Taft, anti-Aldrich, anti-Cannon and Democratic votes. Platform May Be Bar. Already, in view of the apparent hopelessness of the Seattle candidates agreeing to abide by an advisory pri mary in King County, plans are being made to put obstacles in the way of Poindexter. It has been suggested that in the convention that will be called to nominate justices of the Su preme Court, who are not selected by primary vote, a distinctively Adminis tration Platform will be adopted with the view of making it impossible for Poindexter to subscribe to Republican principles and still carry out bis in surgent campaign. The suggestion is also quietly going around that candidates for the Leg islature refuse to subscribe to ' the pledge to support, the "party choice" Concluded on Page 7.) Machinist Toppling Headforemost Lands on Pedestrian, Who, Innocently, Saves Life. Falling from a third-story window of the Uncle Sam lodging-house at 33 H North Fifth street yesterday afternoon at 3 o'clock. H. A. Kunstat, a machinist, was saved from probable death by land ing on a pedestrian. ... Kunstat fell headforemost toward the concrete sidewalk, striking B. R. Hutch ings. of 818 Ivanhoe street, St. Johns, who was passing. Hutchings was knocked down but uninjured. Kunstat's head struck the sidewalk and he was knocked unconscious. The police were notified and a Red Cross ambulance was called to carry him to the Good Samaritan Hospital. He is still unconscious, though probably will re cover,, according to Dr. Fred J. Ziegler, who is attending him. How Kunstat happened to fan from the window is a mystery. It is not known whether It was an accident, an attempt at suicide or foul play. The police are inclined to think it an accident, the win dow being less than a foot from the floor. The landlady, who was questioned by Sergeant Goltz. said the man. a few minutes before, was seen by her bathing his hands In a sink in the hallway. Kunstat is unknown here. He secured a room at the lodging-house Wednesday night. In one of his pockets was found a card, made out in his name. In the In ternational Machinists' Association. YANKEE RAILMEN OPPOSED Mexican Employes Allege Discrimi nation Appeal to Diaz Planned. MONTEREY, Mex., April 14. War upon American railroad men in this republic has been resumed by native employes of the railroad companies. Thenatlve de clare they are discriminated against and that foreigners nil the more important positions, to the detriment and- injury generally of the Mexican railroad work ers. The native unions have appointed a committee of 60 to go to the City of Mex ico and present their grievances to Pres ident Diaz. They think it thus possible to nsiodge the Americans and other for eigners employed in the railway- service. A number of Mexican newspapers are espousing the cauBe of their, countrymen and publishing reports of alleged mis treatment of tlie Mexican employes by meir auen superiors. ASQUITH URGING HASTE - . . Premier's Resolution Sets -April 2 7 i as Limit- LONDON, April,14. Premier Asquith's resolution to be proposed next Monday allocating the "time for the consideration of the budget, the rejection of which, by the House of Lords precipitated the re cent general elections, provides that all stages , of the legislation must be com pleted on April 27. The fate of the government depends upon the attitude of the Irish members towards this resolution. INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Weather. YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature. 87 degrees; minimum. 34 degrees. TODAY'S Fair with heavy frost In the . morninft, rouowea curing: the afternoon ty higher -temperatures; northerly winds, National. Suffragists' hiss President Taft. who doubts that women are ready for ballot. Page 1. House asks President for sugar trust facts. Page 5. Domestic Dr. Pearsons, on 90th birthday, says he Is disappointed. Page 1. Mrs. v L. O. 6-wope objected to size of fees to be charged by lawyers. Page 2. Topeka's Mayor says preaching on Sunday is against law. Page 1. Illinois Central Railroad fraud may total $5,000,000, involving many concerns. Page 1. Steamer Santa Clara awash off Table Bluff: all passengers and crew, numbering- 100, safe at Eureka. Page 2. ' Sports. Pacific Coast League results:. Portland 5. Sacramento 1; Oakland ?. Ios Angeles 0; Vernon 4. San Francisco ii. Page 8. Jeffries practices on big negro fighter for three rounds. Page 9. Langford knocks out Barry in 16th round. Page 9. Commercial and Marine. . Mohair sellers await action on Dallas pool. Page 21. ... Rains in Southwest csusa weak wheat mar ket at Chicago. pace 21. Stock prices continue to advance. Page 21. Portland business men to leave today for trip on upper Columbia River. Page 20. Pacific Northwest. Son of Mrs. Schulx reports he saw Wezler, alleged murderer, on train.-" Page 11. Poindexter' s Senatorial race In Washington blow to direct primary law. Page 1. Proposed drainage of large area In Klicki tat County to be settled by courts. Page 10. Track after wreck near Spokane hard to clear; three bodies found. Page 7. Seattle hospttal patient beaten by head nurse alleged. Page 6. Receiver appointed over Puget Sound Home Telephone branches to effect reorganfza " tion aimed by friendly suit. Page 10. Portland and Vicinity. Fire committee takes action looking toward new fireboat. Page 16. Spring colonist travel unprecedented. Page 14. f Fire committee submits proposed ordinance putting ban on all fireworks except dis play. Page 15. Man falling three stories lands on pedes trian; neither seriously hurt. Page 1. Grange Institute opens at Oreehara; Oregon farmers aroused. Page 14. Business men complete plans for four-day trip to Southern Oregon. Page 17. Portland men Interested In big deal in Mexi can placers. Page 17. John H. Smoke's confession to Deputy said to Implicate others In extensive freight thefts. Page U. District Attorney announces that -telephone bond deal of Oregon Trust bank mill be Investigated. - Page 10. Southern Pacific asks continuance of Fourtii' street icJuacUon., tfa 14j Open River Convention at Albany Vehement PERMANENT BODY ORGANIZED Appeal to Interstate Commis sion Remedy Suggested. INDEPENDENT LINE GOAL Willamette Farmers Decry Corpora tion Control of Oregon City Gates. 350 From Seore of Cities A&k for a Free Stream. Approximately 350 representative bu.4 . nesa men of tha leading; cities of the "Willamette Valley attended the con vention. His delegations were sent by Eugene, Salem, Cottage Grove, Corvallis and Oregon City and there were representatives from Portland, atcMinn ville, Lebanon, Brownsville, Springfield, Harrisburg, Halsey, Canby, Dayton and Sheridan. Across the street from the Alco -Club, where the assembly convened, nar the Union. Statfon was a big banner which read, "Welcome t the Hub City, the ' Home of the Big Red Ajpie. And stretched across the streets which led to the club rooms were banners reading "We want the 10-cent arbitrary rate re stored," "Free Locks at Oregon City" and 'An Open River from Portland South, the Year Round." Nature did her part to make the con vention successful, for today was one of the best of the season, sunshine beaming upon the delegates. P. D. Gilbert, president of the Albany Business Men's Association, called the convention to order and Dr. W. H. Davis, president of the Albany Commercial Club, was chosen chairman of the afternoon session. Wallace R .Struble, manager of the Albany Commercial Club, was made secretary and R. C. Freeman, of Eugene, and E. C. Giltner, of Portland, assistant secretaries. J Dr. Davis delivered th introductory ad dress of the convention. He said in part; Rail and River Compared. Comparisons between the volume of ton nage carried ty river and that carried by rail in the Willamette Valley are so sig nificant as almost to be classed as odious.. The Oregon Railroad Commission in re sponse to the request of the Albany Com mercial Cluib, makes the following official statement: 1 The anuual tonnage affected by Oregon City locKa, if operated by 3overnment on free lockage basis, is as follows, for the per iods Indicated: Through the Willamette locks for year ending December 31, 1909? Paecei.gers .......... lO.nr.7 Cattle, head 1.3;;3 Sheep and hogs, head 74 Lumber, feet .35.014 Tons of freight ....1.1,413 Handled by Southern Pacific for year end ing June 30. 1309: Freight, tons 1.465.353 Passengers carried ... ....3,948,313 Free Locks Wanted. "One of the duties of this convention will be to discuss the question of free locks act Oregon City, and the purchase, and opera tion of the same by the United States Gov ernment. To this end, careful consideration should be given, especially in view of the fact that hls Is a most strategic moment for the solution of this question, owing to the fact that an amendment has been in corporated in the pending rivers and har bors bill for the appropriation " of $300,000 for euch purchase. "It is understood that this same rivers and harbors bill carries an appropriation of SflO.Ooo for the improvement of the Upper Willamette River. It Is properly part of the buslners of This convention to devise ways and means to secure the expenditure of this sum. if appropriated, at such points on the Upper Willamette as are necessary to open the river to uninterrupted navigation throughout the year. 'Another duty of this convention will be to consider the matter of the abrogation by the Southern Pacific Railroad of the lO-cent differential freight rates on through East ern shipments In less than carload lots; in plain English, the return to the old rate of 28 cents a hundred means an increase on every ton affected of $3.60." W. S. McFadden, of Corvallis, then sprke on "Free Locks at Oregon City," saying; In part: Men In Congress Blamed. An open river has long been a subject of the greatest moment to the home-builders of, the Willamette Valley but unfortunately those who have represented us in Congres sional capacity, while prolific in fine prom ises, have signally failed thus' far to ma terialize any relief In behalf of the peopl from the toll exactions at tha Oregon City lok. The Willamette River is an entire propo sition and entity and by nature was In tended as a common carrier for the products of the valley, and when - we speak of an open river vv mean from Its source to its mouth. Yearly Tribute Enormous, Since the creation of the locks our yearly tribute to the toll-gatherers at the Oregon City locks has been at least 4100.000, which has " been exacted from the producers in tributes independent of the original $200,000 and interest paid out of the State Treasury 40 years ago. The free will donation, of our rler to a corporation seems incomprehensible; a river ' that was given us by nature as our com mon carrier has been so h andicapped by legislative enactment as to redoes our peo ple, our producers, to the condition, of beasts of burden for toll and freights and other like exactions. No corporation has the right to exact toll upon what nature created for the benefit of th whole community. It is up to us to fre CConcJuded on Page &. r