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Eastern Business Officer The S. C. Eeek wlth Special Agency New York, rooms 48 fiO Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 5K1-512 Tribune building PORTLAsn, MOXBAV, APRIL 4, 110. BALLIXGER AND HIS BH'AJIEE. Secretary Ballinger will make a mistake if he persists in his announced Intention to prosecute Collier's" Weekly for libel. That publication has mis represented, accused and lied about him atrociously beyond any sort of doubt or question. But the country perfectly understands its motive and as completely discredits its accusa tions. It is a muckraker for notoriety, a seeker of "circulation." to which it has supposed these persistent attacks and venomous defamations would open the readiest way. It has been raking over every story about Ballinper, both before and since he came into office, that malignity could invent or mag nify. At the beginning the purpose was (o make a show of journalistic virtue, by accusation against the Taft Administration. Ballinger happened to be selected as the chief object, but any other members or department would have served the purpose as well. From trifling accusation, started mere ly to attract attention to itself, the paper has rjroceecled to assail the man's entire life and character, draw ing the names of others, notably Judge Hanford, of the United States Court at Seattle, into a series of charges that, of course, are without foundation. There is a story about a petty law yer at Seattle, who seems since to have vanished from public view, who accused Ballinger of Improper conduct at the bar, involving infidelity on his part to the interests of clients, a ship building firm at Seattle, which, it was alleged, was ruined by Ballinger's traitorous conduct. This lawyer, one J. Ii. Finch, brought the charge against Ballinger, presenting it not only in couh, but to the Bar Association of Seattle. Judge Hanford appointed a special referee, .who went over the case In detail, exonerating Ballinger completely; and the Bar Association, after a full hearing, did the same. The details of tie story of this miser able effort and failure to blacken Bal linger's name are used by Collier's in its latest effort perverted, of course, to suit the purpose. On the showing It attempts to make. Collier's charges Ballinger with "an unpardonable breach of professional honor." Inci dentally, there is reflection on the honor of -Judge Hanford, and on the Bar Association of Seattle. It seems that this is the matter on which Bal linger now proposes to employ the law of libel against his assailant. At Seattle undoubtedly he would get a speed- verdict and vindication. But at New York it would be difficult to bring the prosecution to an issue. The case would be worn out by evasions, demurrers and delays, which the defense would employ to the ut most. It would drag along, with diminishing interest, till forgotten; or. If Judgment ever should be reached, it would by that time receive so little attention as not to be worth the effort, for the public cannot believe the ac cusations, and though Ballinger has been grossly libeled by Collier's, no verdict or Judgment against the irre jponsible muckraker would bring him vindication or any kind of satisfac tion. Whether one calls it woliish Journalism or polecat journalism, or a combination of the two. it can't reaJly injure; and Judge Ballinger will matte a mistake, should he "go to law" about it, either by civil or crimi nal procedure. Por an unscrupulous paper, pur suing such a course, there is no pen alty except that of public contempt. Some indication of Collier's indus trious method in its pursuit of Bal linger is supplied by the statement be fore the Congressional committee on Saturday that an agent of the paper at Juneau, in search of testimony, had remarked there that it would be worth $5000 to $10,000 to a particular wit ness to go to Washington to testify. So, to revamp and pervert the Se attle story must have cost a consider able sum of money. But publication of the facts about that matter, includ ing the results of the examination at Seattle. Is all that can be needed for Ballinger's vindication. THE BICKKT-SHOP KVll.. The Government Saturday made an extensive raid on the bucket-shops operating throughout the country. It is not surprising to note that a num ber of millionaires were caught in a drag-net covering such a wide scope of country. A conveniently-located bucket-shop running on full time, when other gambling games are closed, can in a short time go a long way towards making a millionaire out of the man "behind the table." One of the bucket-shop operators arrested was a one-armed gambler who murdered a man at Al bany. X. Y.. six years ago. and was acquitted on the grounds of insanity, and then was discharged from the nsylum after two months' incarcera tion. This representative of the bucket shop industry ventured the opinion that the raid was "only a play of the 'big fellows' on the Stock Exchange to divert attention from themselves." This might be true, yet there -would still be nothing improper in the at tempt of the "big fellows'- to call at tention to the nefarious operations of the bucket-shop gamblers. The ex treme difficulty encountered in draw ing the line- between legitimate and Illegitimate speculation ii stocks and train on properly-conducted exchanges Is well understood. But the very ex istence of the lawful exchanges de pends on enforcement of rules that will prevent crooked trading and mini kaize the possibilities of working cor ners or creating unnatural depressions in prices. The bucket-shop is not bothered by any such rules nor by any restrictions such as legitimate traders insist must be enforced on the regular exchanges. Tim, the boot black, brings in his hard-earned $5 and "buys" stocks and grain at the bucket-shop. The low-salaried clerk around the corner ."sells" at the same time. The bucket-shop, having neither grain nor stocks to sell or buy, merely crosses the orders, collects the com mission and watches the market until the quotations show that the bullish bootblack or the bearish clerk has lost the amount of the diminutive margin. It is this class of "trading" that has brought much unmerited odium on the legitimate exchanges where every contract for future delivery" or ac ceptance of a commodity is guaran teed by a responsible organization that exists for the purpose of facilitating trade, and not for the promotion of gambling among bootblacks and clerks who can ill afford to lose the money. If the "big fellows" on the legitimate exchanges can get rid of the bucket shops, they will have accomplished a service of no small proportions. PRIMER LKSSONS IN BANKING. A bank is an establishment wherein trusting persons deposit money for safekeeping and wherefrom worthy persons borrow on safe security and at rates of interest which the public has learned to regard as proper. Bankers are men who conduct such an establishment. A speculator is a man who puts out money on chance games; plays for high stakes, and sometimes "realizes" but oftener does not; resorts to schemes of "high finance" and "get-rich-quick;" converts himself into dummy corporations and plays what not other smart tricks that may be criminal if he lose, yet honorable if he win. The banker and the speculator have their fit places, and the public and the law regard them charitably when they fail in their proper spheres. But when. the banker turns speculator or the speculator turns banker, the devil usually exacts his toll. A man who receives the trust of the public as a banker and employs that trust as a get-rich-quick operator is a worse enemy of society than the thief that comes In the night. He spreads more disaster and woe and ruin. Though he would scorn to rob the money vaults at night, yet he makes off 'With the stores of toil and saving, which are entrusted to his care, in a manner that leaves worse effect. A speculator who poses as a banker may be a person who would not play false, yet he would win through wrong methods. His trusting depositors take all the chances of loss and he takes all the chances such is the way it oftenest works out of gain. The bankers who made improper use of the public trust in Portland, and failed, belonged to the get-rich-quick class of speculators. Their banks were "trust" companies but only for receiving money. For scattering money, they were some thing else. One of the promoters has just escaped prison at the hands of a jury that tacked on to its verdict a scalding rebuke for his "guilty knowledge and participation in unlaw ful and dishonest acts" in connection with the affairs of an insolvent bank; another, some time ago, was convicted for misappropriation of State school money. When a man uses money, in specu lation with the full knowledge of the owners thereof, he acts within the codes both of law and of moral con duct. But when he diverts their money from safo and legitimate uses, without their knowledge or consent, he becomes a "conlidence man," one who obtains money under false pre tenses, not the more respectable be cause his gloves cover manicured fingers. It is to be hoped that men in the banking business will be more strict hereafter In conforming with the codes of honesty and decency. PORTLAND NOT COMPLAINING. The work of the Port of Portland is so very unsatisfactory to the As torian (newspaper) that it devotes much space to criticism and complaint. It is almost distressing to note the lugubrious fears that the Astorian (newspaper) expresses for the future of Portland, unless we suspend our attempts to engage in shipping at this point and move our business down to Astoria. "Year by year," asserts the Astorian, "the Columbia grain fleet is diminishing, and what Is left of It is being gradually deflected to Puget Sound, thanks to the anti-Astoria feeling swaying the Portlander generally." Let us see to what extent this busi ness is being "deflected to Puget Sound." We have before us Bulletin No. S of the Department of Commerce and Labor, giving the wheat exports of the United States for the eight months of the current cereal year, which began July 1, 1909. Exports for the United States for this period were 28, 000. 000 bushels less than for the same period last year, and 44,000, 000 bushels less than for the same period in the season of 1907-1908. Every port of importance in the United States showed a decrease, but the Astorian will learn with regret that the decrease in the Portland ship ments, was smaller than that of any other prominent port in the United States. Puget Sound Is mentioned by the Astorian as the port to which Portland's grain business has been turned. The official document men tioned presents the figures for Port land and Puget Sound for the past three years. For the first eight months of the season of 1907-1908, Puget Sound shipped 12.153.093 bushels, and Port land 9.97S.5S4 bushels of wheat, Port land's share of the business thus be ing 45 per cent, while the Puget.Sound ports secured 55 per cent. The business was "deflected to Puget Sound" to such an extent that the corresponding eight months of the season of 190S-09 showed exports of 4.361,966 bushels from Puget Sound and 6.240,875 bushels from Portland, this city handling 59 per cent of the business, while Puget Sound handled 41 per cent. A poor crop in Portland territory and a large crop in Puget Sound territory cut down the business of the current season, but, according to the Government figures, the ship ments to March 1 were 3.254.269 bushels from Puget Sound and 4.S67, 196 bushels from Portland. The per centage ("deflections" included) han dled in Portland was thus 60 per cent compared with 40 per cent from Puget Sound. These facts, of course, .were as easily ascertained in Astoria as in Portland, but facts have seldom en tered into an Astoria view of Port land's trade. It will not be news to the Astorians, but The Oregonian will again repeat that the cost of maintaining a tug and pilot service on the river and bar is a matter of small concern to the people who are paying the bills. The Port of Portland was organized for the purpose of protecting the shipping business of this city. One very notice able result of its assumption of the tug and pilot service is shown in the keenest activity for work that the in dependent pilots have engaged In since they ran opposition to the late Cap tain Flavel nearly thirty years ago. The bar pilotage service, since the Port of Portland entered the field, is the best In the history of the port, and pilots who were indifferent about going outside the heads to meet ves sels under the old regime are now "making hurried trips to California, to Puget Sound and to British Columbia. For this Improved service the Port of Portland is entitled to all of the credit, although It Is not securing all of the pilotage fees. The latter loss, how ever, in comparison with the interests at stake, is a mere bagatelle, and, despite the gloomy forebodings from the Astorian, is not troubling anyone in Portland. A STRAW. Portland building permits for Fri day and Saturday were $91,756 com pared with $65,140 for the first two days of March. Bank clearings for the first two days of this month were $4,084,571, which was $1,003,301 in excess of the clearings for the first two days in March. Two days, of course, is hardly suffi cient time in which to determine the course of the month's business, - but it is much more agreeable to note gains of more than 3 3 1-3 per cent in these important commercial factors than it would be to chronicle a decrease even for the first two days. Portland bank clearings for the month of March showed a gain of $10,345,151 over those of March, 1909, the increase being 29 per cent. Seat tle's gain for the month was $10,720, 000, but the percentage of increase over March, 190 9, was but 2 3 per cent. If April maintains the strong stride at which the start was made, more bank clearings and building permit records will fall as the month closes. TELLING THE PEOPLE. Now of course a railroad, or two railroads, into Central Oregon is a great thing for Oregon; but it cannot be a great thing for the railroads un less that vast territory supplies traffic. There can be no traffic without in dustry and there will be no industry without people. The people will come certainly, if it appears to them that it is worth their while; but it cannot be taken for granted that they will know unless they are told. Telling the people about the ad vantages and opportunities of a given section or state which the Great Northern Itailroad, or anv of Its allied lines, penetrates has been from the first a fixed Hill policy.. The state of Oregon is now to- receive the benefit of a Nation-wide scheme of advertis ing undertaken by the Great Northern, under the personal direction of Louis W. Hill. All the immense machinery of that great system is to be used to bring Immigration of the home-building class to this country. It is good news that Louis W. Hill is to come person ally to Oregon this Summer to under take this work. - It will be thoroughly done. We suppose, of course, the Harrlman system will not be behind its mighty competitor in advertising Oregon. The time has gone by when the manage ment of that road has any motive or reason for keeping quiet about Oregon. EARTH BURIAL AND CREMATION. Rev. Alexander Irvine, of the Fifth avenue Church of the Ascension, New York, advocates strongly the crema tion of the dead. He arraigns ceme teries as uhsightly, unsanitary and for bidding, and says that the large areas now given to them might well be turned over to real estate men and converted Into building lots. "While this minister is correct in his conten tion in favor of cremation as the sani tary, safe and clean method of dis posal of the human body after death, he blocks In the beginning any re form he might otherwise forward In this line by his proposal to turn ceme tery lots into building lots. Earth burial may be stopped in cemeteries like Greenwood and Mount Auburn as a sanitary measure but public opinion will not sanction the conversion of burial places hallowed by grief, made sacred by custom and maintained as beauty spots by wealth, into sites for homes and business houses until burials have ceased there in for one or two generations at least. A well-kept cemetery Is neither un sightly nor forbidding, but the most carefully kept one among them would doubtless prove to be unsanitary if ex cavated to any extent for building pur poses. It is -recalled In this connec tion that a frightful epidemic followed the digging of a section of Regent's Canal, London, through an old grave yard a statement that is at once a strdng argument in favor of cremation and permitting an old cemetery to re main undisturbed. WHOM OREGON DELIGHTS TO HONOR. Birthdays of two venerable pioneers last week in Portland revived mem ories of commonwealth building and of the men and women who planted the power of the United States in this Oregon country. F. X. Matthieu, pioneer saf 1842, and Ben Simpson, of 1846, each passed the ninety-second milestone of life's journey. Here are men whom the younger generations are proud to think of. They are types of early pioneers, with out whose service the whole of the states of Washington and Idaho and probably most or all of Oregon would now be British. Mr. Matthieu came to Oregon in time to take part in the American occupation of this country. While Mr. Simpson arrived just after the treaty settlement with England in 184 6, still he belonged to the move ment that, between the years 1842-45 inclusive, occupied this country with American citizens and planted the authority of the United States here forever. Though Mr. Matthieu was Canadian-born, he sided with the Americans at Champoeg in 1843, when Americans by a narrow margin carried a plan of provisional government against British opposition. This was a crucial time in the Pa cific Coast history of the United States. Oregon was the Nation's first outlook on the Pacific. Its settlement gave the Nation its first idea of Pa cific Coast possession. California was acquired in pursuance of this idea and was occupied and built up largely by means of the Oregon trail. The Ore gon settlers that came here up to 184 5 heralded a sequence of events that annexed to their Nation California, Alaska. Hawaii and the Philippines. Oregon is the only land that cost the Nation nothing to acquire in the way of war or purchase. It is the only territory that the United States has gained through discovery, exploration and settlement. In the diplomatic dealings with Britain, leading up to final acquisition of Oregon, the United States first asserted the Monroe doc trine. In the treatment of Oregon's needs the United States evolved the system of land laws which has pro moted the settlement of the west Mississippi region. So that Oregon has had lasting in fluence In the affairs of this Nation. Two of the men who came of the critical period and participated in it are Mr. Matthieu and Mr. Simpson. There are a few other survivors whose natal day will also be honored in the course of the year and of succeeding years as long as they shall be spared to receive the tokens of the younger generations. It is a sentiment worthy of the best feeling of today's and to morrow's citizenship. After a long period of Inactivity, Portland exporters last week char tered three ships to load wheat for Europe. These transactions again re mind us that under natural conditions the world's wheat prices are still fixed in the great consuming markets of Europe. For several weeks a brisk home demand and an organized effort on the part of the farmers to force prices to unwarranted heights brought the export trade to a standstill. But we are unable to consume all of the wheat remaining in the country, and in about 90 days the harvesters will begin work on the 1910 crop. This has forced the farmers to reduce prices to a point where business can again be worked on an export basis. The long period of idleness In the market has resulted in many ships being diverted to other parts of the world. Even should there be a good advance in the foreign market, the greater part' of this advance would necessarily be taken up by the few ships still available. Mrs. Russell Sage, whose benefac tions always remind the public of her deceased husband, because they are so unlike anything he ever did. Is now arranging to establish a chain of loan agencies through which poor people can secure money at the legal rate of Interest. The plan has been prepared by the New York state superintendent of banks, who has been waging bitter war on the loan-sharks that fatten from the scanty earnings of the poor. It would bo a great thing for the country if this plan should prove so successful that it would be inaugu rated in every state in the Union. There are very few large cities In which none of these alleged "bankers and brokers" are engaged in the para sitical work of extracting usurious toll from the victims who, in desperation, are driven into their clutches. Public sentiment heaps contumely on this class of leeches, but as yet no suc cessful method for. putting them out of business has been evolved. International conciliation, universal peace and reduction of armaments sound well in phrase; but to no ex tent are they realizable ideas or ideals. Germany frankty declares that she must maintain her armaments, "England the same, France the same; and we of the United States have no powerful neighbors, yet there are few of our own people who would think It wise or safe to allow our naval arm ament to decline. Armaments are not so much for purposes of war but for guarantees of peace. Bundles of fine essays emanate from the American Association for International Concilia tion, at New York, but there is little practicability in their suggestions. Every important nation believes as surance of peace is in strength of arm ament that will deter attack. Arma ment, therefore, is a most necessary method and instrument of interna tional conciliation in the present state of the world's affairs. Mrs. Emma Samuelson, who fled from Chicago with a soul-mate and several thousand dollars, has become separated from both the affinity and the money. In the circumstances, she is probably somethin& ahead, of the game by the departure of her affinity; but money costs more than soul mates, and as the departure of money and mate was simultaneous, she is suffering the pangs of remorse. In asmuch as the woman who "would de sert her iome and elope with one affinity might at any time be expected to repeat the performance with an other one, it is not clear that Mrs. Samuelson is not receiving about her just dues. Whenever there Is an affinity handy, it is almost a certainty that a fool and her money will soon be parted. Not even in the prairie states can the record of the Columbia River water-level haul be broken. The freight train of 130 cars that rolled into Vancouver Saturday is probably without a precedent. , Roosevelt still refuses to talk Amer ican politics. And yet a lot of so called friends of the people are not content to let the people rule. While we are voting for normal schools in Oregon, there is no reason why every town that wants one should not be favored. ' Gifford Pinchot discovered some thing about the same way as Dr. Cook did, and both heroes have gone abroad. Government weather men are learn ing to respect old superstitions. They predicted a. rainy Sunday next after a sunny Easter. Montavilla is the best point from which to view the comet in the early morn. Grandstand free. Nonunion men are said to be profiting by the miners' strike. So, too, are the middlemen. Hood River expects to need thou sands of men to thin its fruit. "That is optimism sublime. Happilv for some persons, It will soon be a year until the next Spring sowing. The Festival roses will have all the tints of this beautiful Spring sunshine. j LIFE IN THE OREGON COUNTRY. One More Oreges Product. "B. C. M-." of Salem, In Sr. Charles (Minn.) Union. I verily believe the song, -Let the women do the work," originated in Oregon. Satisfactory Balance Lebanon Criterion. During February there were 25 births in the county 13 girls and 12 boys and 12 deaths, which is at the very low rate of about six in 1000. L-t 'Em Secede. Grants Pass Pacific Outlook. Out of the 206 Oregon teachers who took the - February examinations for state diplomas and certificates only 50 were successful, and out of these 50, Josephine County boasts but one. and Jackson County none. Where is South ern Oregon "at" in the matter of peda gogy? The Knock Terrific. Cottage Grove Leader. Sloan P. Shutt. the versatile editor of the Joseph Herald, sent us a copy of his paper printed on one side only last week. This was an improvement, but if Sloan will give his subscribers the paper hereafter without any printing on it, they will no doubt be grateful to him. - Another Lusty Pioneer. Corvallis Gazette-Times. - C. M. Vanderpool, of Wells, has on his place a winesap apple tree that Is 60 years old. The tree is fully three and one-half feet in circumference and is in the most thrifty condition. Last year the crop was 40 boxes of first class fruit, besides over 10 bushels of culls. Frank's Busy Winter. Spray Courier. Frank Cason brought in another lot of coyote pelts today. Frank has caught 104 coyotes since November, and the sheepmen will be greatly- benefited by his work, and they should see that he continues his good work. It is safe to say that Frank has exterminated more of the pests than any of the hunt ers employed by the Government. Yoo'll Have to Hurry. Condon Times. James A. Kibbey brought us in a monster Easter egg on Friday. It was presented to him by one of his Rhode Island Red hens, and measures nine Inches round the long end, and is seven Inches in circumference; it weighs over one-quarter of a pound. . If you "doubt this, come .in and see the phenomenon before the editor has it boiled for breakfast. A Prohibition Tale. Kansas City Journal. Jerome Beatty lays the responsibility for this story on a Hutchinson minister; It is all about an-Irishman who had never taken a drink and who was at tacked by a heavy cold which he found himself unable to throw off. He visit ed the family doctor, who advised him to take a hot toddy before retiring. O'Reilly demurred on the ground that he would lose his standing with his spouse. "Well, it's either whisky or pneu monia for yours," said the physic'an. "If thot's the case, thin," said the victim of the grip bacl'ill, "Ol guess Ol'll hov to take the whisky. But how shall I kape the ould lady fr'm folnding It out?" The physician advised him to get the hot water for the toddy by sending his shaving mug down to be filled. O'Reilly thought It a good plan and went home. The next day the doctor stopped at bis house to find out how the treatment was working. He opened the door and found Mrs. O'Reilly and all her brood standing in the hall talking together in hushed tones. "What's the matter?" Inquired the man of pills. "Oh, doctor, doctor,"' sighed Mrs. O'Reilly, wringing her 'hands. "I'm afraid Pat's gone crazy entoirely. He's takln' a shave iv'ry foive minutes!" A Pemoeratlc Opinion. Richmond Virginian, Dem. Mr. Roosevelt Is now in private life. He holds no office under the Federal Government. He is a plain citizen without authority. He has no more to do with the affairB of government or with Mr. Taft's Administration than any other citizen. Yet one would Infer from reading the reports that Theodore Roosevelt is the regulator of affairs in the United States: that he had left mat ters in the hands of President Taft during his absence and that now he is about to return to his domain, the Ad ministration must report to him what it has been doing in his absence. Our Caesar has been feeding on strong meat since he left and has be come more arrogant. If not more great. Republicans Nearly a Unit. McMlnnville' News-Reporter. The assembly proposition continues to hold a prominent place in the minds of the people, and Republicans are much more of a unit upon the question than any one supposed when It was first broached. ?rom very few, indeed, has there been any criticism of the holding of a state assembly and a large majority, so far as investigated by the News-Reporter, are also favorable to holding a county assembly, not only for nominating delegates to the state assembly, but to indorse a set of local candidates. ' Great Increase In Whistler Values, Vogue. Whistler's portrait of his ' mother, called "Arrangement in Gray and Black," which it is said the Metropoli tan Museum could have had for $2250 and which was purchased by the i French government and is now in the Luxembourg, would bring considerably over $100,000 if it were pution sale. Next to the Freer collection in Detroit, the most important single Whistler col lection is that belonging to Richard Canfield, and from both of these many examples are shown at the present New York exhibition. The Clubblnic of Pinchot. Eugene Register. The Register is in receipt of a letter from Chicago asking us to organize a "Watch Pinchot Grow" Club .for the purpose of helping to boom said gentle man for President, in 1912. Now, what would Taft and Teddy think of us if we should indulge in such political mal feasance? Besides, the "Watch Pinchot Go" Club,, recently organized at Wash ington, under President Taft's direc tion, seems to Tiave the precedence. A Record Price Pnld for a Print. New York Cor. Kansas City Star. About the highest price ever given in America for a print at public auction $900 was paid by a New York collector last night for a dingy colored lithograph dated 1E2S, showing Wall street at the corner of Broadway. No. Assistance Needed. Princeton Tiger. As the train neared the city, the col ored porter approached the Jovial-faced gentleman, saying, with a smile: "Shall Ah brash yo' off. sah?" "No," he replied. "I prefer to get off in the usual manner." Substantial Recognition. Condon Times. Ten new subscribers since we besan to make a stand for the assembly. The sentiment in its favor is growing stronger every day WHY EAST AND WEST DIFFER ON CONSERVATION How the Pinchot Policy DlHcoorafces Settlement and Retard Projtrrewji 1 It Better to Leave the Country in a Savase State or to Provide Ways by Which It Can Be Developed and Civilized f The following: article by Ieslie M. Scott, printed by the New York. Independent. March 31. is introduced with the statement that it is by a member of the at aft of The Oregonian, and gives an admirable summary of the Far "Western view of the great problem of National conservation." The purpose of this article is to suggest that the Pinchot conservation idea of Eastern states antagonizes the Far West ern idea of that subject. In the East, Pinchot conservation means resistance to private greed and corporate fraud that have sought to despoil and waste the public domain, at the expense of the public. In the Par West. Pinchot conservation is held to mean obstruction of settlement and public progress that comes from opening of new lands. Far Western states, like Oregon and "Washington, which contain the largest forest areas and the largest water powers in the Vnited States, prefer state conservation to Pinchot or National con servation. In the Western mind, purchase of land from the United States at $1.25 or $2.50 an acre for settlement "is in accord with the good and lawful policy of the Nation and should continue. More than one-fpurth the land of Ore gon 16,221,000 acres is locked up within Government forest reserves; also more than one-fourth the land of AYashinston 12.065,000 acres. The Government holds other large slices in withdrawals for water power sites, unopened Indian re serves and irrigation projects, which lat ter, especially in Oregon, will be carried forward, goodness knows when. The Southern Pacific Railroad holds in Ore gon, as a big reserve of its own, 2.000,0u0 acres of the finest land In the state, granted by "Congress in the early 70s, and refuses to sell. Private and corpor ate timber land tracts aggregate many million acres more. Five wagon road companies in Oregon own immense areas of Congressional-grant land. In brief, out of 61,000,0m) acres of land in Oregon, fully one-half, if not more, is locked up from settlement and much of the remaining half is arid, barren and bleak. Much of the forest reserve land could be opened to settlement without wasting timber wealth, for a large part of it has few or no trees, and other areas, extending down 1 the base of the moun tains and into nie valley, will produce more wealth with cows and potatoes than with forests. Vast mountain regions are unfit for farming; fit only for forest. These conserved will yield the people timber forever. Pinchot officials say the law authorizes liomestead settlement on Government reserve land which is suit able for agricultural use, but determina tion of this matter rests with Pinchot officials, and few admissions into forest reserve land are desired by settlers, under conditions that prevail, and very few are allowed. These same restrictions exist in other Western states, but the effects are no where more glaring than in Oregon. Here Americans organized their first political community on the Pacific Coat In Yet in population and growth Oregon is last of the Pacific Ocean states. - Its ag gregate area barred from settlement amounts to 50,000 bquare miles. This ex ceeds the total area of the State of New York, or Virginia, or Pennsylvania. It exceeds the combined areas of Connecti cut Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Delaware and New Jersey. It almost equals that of Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois or Iowa, The Nation has bestowed vast parcels of Ore gon on grabbers and selfish corporations; and now "Pinchotism" steps in to lock up the rest from the people's uses. The taming of land requires patient, hard work and is accompanied by priva tion and stress bordering on poverty. This development Oregon and Washing ton need and demand. Iand laws allew it, but officials have suspended the laws in answer to a clamor in' the iiast from persons who know little and care less about Far Western efforts for progress and upbuilding, and imagine conservation means simply protection of the public do main from "Fpoliation. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of the most vigorous citizens of the Nation of the type that "saved Oregon and Washington are go ing to Canada to make homes under the British flag, on bleak and wind-swept wastes. This land they obtain by pay ment of a nominal sum of money the Canadian government virtually gives it to them, but they pay a higher price than any gold is worth, in frontier toil and suffering. The laws of the United States also virtually give wild land to settlers and have done so for generations in all the states west of the Alleghanies. Eut settlers paid for it amply in hardships and so they must still do. Yet a howl goes up in Eastern states against this application of the old, law, from persons who do not understand. Busy officials think themselves called upon to stop this settlement of the public domain this "robbery of the people, they hear it called. The real robbery was perpetrated by land-grabbing syndicates, working under stupid laws of Congress That law making body and officials In the National capital blazed the way to the Nation's land-fraud scandal. The lieu land law SHALL BLIND LKAD THE SEElXGf That, It See inn. In Whnt Is Being Done In Oregon. PORTLAND, Or., April 3. (To the Editor.) "Empire is retained by the same arts whereby it was won goes the maxim. So with everything worth retaining. Republican institutions and democratic government are retained by the same arts whereby they were won, and by no other way. A brilliant lawyer of the old school has written in the preface of a standard textbook on the common law: "If the blind lead the blind we are informed what will be the consequences. But no one has ventured to predict the 'hideous ruin and combustion that would ensue, should the blind undertake to lead those who see, and should those who see accept the guidance." Man in the unit 4s not employing sec-ond-rateminds and third-class lawyers to retain his liberties and property rights under the constitution and laws; neither is man in the aggregate, which Is the state, except, perhaps, those who know not liberty nor the great labor and thrift by which property is acquired.- Men must and will continue to seek guidance in serious matters of state, as they do In serious matters of their personal business, for statecraft is a business and a serious business. It is true that legislation has been enacted into laws that seem to mock the very genius of a free democracy, but there is no government now or in the past where the individual has more freedom and opportunity than in this republic of ours, and there Is no "offi cial gazette where right and wrong can be more forcibly presented with more variant views than in the daily press. It is true that In the transitions from war to peace, from financial panic and Industrial depression to public confi dence and prosperity, and in the pres ent confusion arising from powerful combinations of organized wealth and the unsettled relations between labor and capital, freaky and loud-mouthed men of mediocre ability have ridden into political power, but their tenure of office has been brief, will be brief; likewise the nostrums now put forth by U' Ren and his collaborators have from time immemorial appeared in one form or another, to be quickly dis carded by the common sense of the peo was an incubator of fraud. Now the re volt against these abuses has rushed to the other extreme, to the detriment of. Far Western states. The people of Oregon and Washington think they should have something to say about control of their forests, lands and streams. Their efforts have given they resources most of their value, and, bach two or three generations utzo. their pa triotism snatched this country from Britain to the United States. Further, they want the resources of then states administered in accordance with local needs. In tiie office of the forest service in Portland is an army of "for- eigners"-rnling over their lands and for ests and streams. In oiher words, the great resources are in the hands of men who have no abiding interest in the growth of this Northwest country. They wish to "hold their jobs.' and to do this they seek to please their superiors in Washington by showing how busy they are preserving the public domain from "spoliation. But they are men who keep the stable door locked after the horse is stolen. Big frauds have taken vast areas of the public domain, but on tliis account are settlers to be barred out Of the remaning land, the laws suspend ed and a hand system reversed that has made other states' great and wealthy for generations past ? The people of the State of New Tori own l.ti-41,523 acres of forest reserve in the Adirondack and the Catskill Moun tains, according to the last message of Governor Hughes. The Governor urgva a project for increasing this total area to OOMH) acres, and for developing 246,OiKl horsepower from waters of Hudson River. This work in New York will be state conservation. It will be carried on for lasting benefit of the State of New York. Local desires and needs will be conserved along with the resources. The people of New York, of course, would not hand this busmen over to the Pin chot bureau in Washington; they have their own ideas of how they wish their resources conserved and what other things are to be safeguarded along with them. Resources of Oregon and Wash ington, and other Western States, how ever, are managed to suit non-resident ideas in the National capital. They ara taxed to pay salaries of a host of offi cials whose purposes arc elsewhere. The people of Oregon and Washington, unlike those of other states, must pay toll for the use of their own streams and forests to the people of the United States and a swarm of high-saluried officials. Water power is a local utility; it can not be transmitted long distances; it3 conservation is naturally a local m-atter, and the laws of the Nation and the states have always regarded it as a sub ject solely of state supervision and legisl ation. The ktws of Oregon and Wash ington are fully adequate to protect the public, perhaps more so than those of New York State are adequate to protect the public of that commonwealth. Just think of taxing the people of New York to pay an army of inspectors .and agents and conservers in the National capital to look after the public forests in the Adirondack and the Catskill Mountains and the water powers of the Hudson River! National control of state resources if. assumption of authority unauthorized by the Federal Constitution and viola tion of the laws and the precedents of the Nation. This authority is not con tained in the enumeration of powers con ferred in the National Government. To make this doubly sure, two amendments to the National Constitution specifically declare: "The enumeration in the Con stitution of certain rights shall not be construed to construe or disparage others retained by the people" ; and "The pow ers delegated to the United States nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively or to the peo ple." If Pinchot conservation is unconstitu tional it is also contrary to the statutes of Congress. Although the public do main is supposed to be administered ac cording to the acts of Congress, the For est Bureau makes rules and regulations which have all the force of such acts and even take precedence over them The laws guarantee every adult citizen the privilege of acquiring tracts of the public domain by complying with the laws', but the Pinchot bureau steps in and suspends; the acts of Congress. This is wrong p(licy. The old method should be restored. Settlement should be en couraged. It has built up every state in the Union. Then why not these Western States? The "people would not lose. Receipts from land sales have fully In demnified the Nation already. New land should be put to uses of wealth production. Cheap land, sale md use of lands containing the great resources of the country have given the Nation its immense development. The policy has increased our population by tens of mil lions and our wealth by hundreds of mil lions. Yet Pinchot conservation tells ua now that this was wrong; in substance, that the country would be better In Its savage state. We are led to believe that it vas a mistake to destroy the original fine timber that stood on the site of the metropolis of Oregon. ple, who realized full well, upon calm reflection, that life, liberty and the pur suit of happiness are retained by the same arts whereby they were won. Hence a return to representative gov ernment by which the people's rights have always been preserved, by which present injustice may he remedied, new problems met and regulated, and not by turning over the government and up setting the wisdom of the ages and ex perience of mankind by lunacies and mad caprices of a lot of windy and scatterbrain Utopians calling them selves the people, who would blindly lead those who can see. J. H. M, The J? a me OM Hoodoo. Baker City Herald. If, as Harry Brown states in The Oregonian, the Republican leaders see satisfaction in a Democratic Congress, then the Republican party, is indeed in a weakened condition. We do not be lieve any Republican who is earnestly in favor of Republican principles can feel that a Democratic victory would benefit anything or anybody. Democ racy has ever been a hoodoo to pros perity and good times. And the Sphinx Xever Blinked. New York Sun. No doubt thousands of worthy people will differ with us, but from our "point of view," as John Allen, of Mississippi, used to say-, the most astounding and" significant circumstance In connection with Tartarin's African tour Is found In the fact that he bristled up to the Sphinx, looked it straight in the face for two full minutes and the Sphinx never so much as blinked. CIRREXT XEWSPAPKK JESTS. American into French T.ady fat rail wav restaurant lpechez, garcon, ou je serai gauche derriere. Life. Maud I made Jack propose to mo three times before I accepted him. Kate y0u always were a reckless girl. Maud. Boston Transcript. "Can you introduce me to any men of standing?" "Well, I know several floor walkers and a few members of the traffic squad." Buffalo Express. , "Have you ever thought of going on the stage?" "Yes. frequently." "What has kept you from doing so?" "The managers, the mean things." Chicago Record-Herald. "I am in the hands of my friends.' said the political sidestepper. ''Yes." replied the harsh critic, "and every time your friends look over their hand!" they gcem im patient for a new deal." Washington titar. A v.