THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, - SEPTE3IBER 4, 1909. - . - , ' ' " " . I U-, marlnai' whn ffrtHs his latitude In the COOK GAN PROVE HE REACHED POLE Says Figures Can Stand Test of Scientists, for He Expected Doubt. GREAT WELCOME AWAITING Explorer Will Submit Data That Will Prove Discovery Beyond Cavil Found Only Wa ter Around Pole. COPENHAGEN. Sept. S. All Denmark tonight Is awaiting the arrival of Dr. Frederick A. Cook. A regal welcome awaits the man whose announcement from Lerwick on September 1 that he had discovered the North Pole startled the world. The steamer Hans Egede. on which the explorer Is returning from the frozen North, passed Cape Skagen, the north ern extremity of Denmark, at 2 o'clock thl afternoon and Is expected to steam In the Sound late tonight and to dock here tomorrow morning. Can Prove He Reached Pole. Added Interest has been lent the occa sion br the definite statement of Dr. Cook In an Interview ofT Skagen today that he Is able to submit data which will prove beyond cavil that he has at tained the goal which for centuries had been the objective of explorers. He said he was quite prepared to learn that Jeal ous persons were endeavoring to cast doubt upon his work, but that he stood ready to give over his figures for a test by any scientific authority. No Land. Only Water, at Pole. Dr. Cook told the correspondent that he had seen nothing of the expedition of Commander Peary. He said there was no land at the Pole only water, the depth of which he could not gauge. " The Danes will not be alone In welcom ing Dr. Cook, for Copenhagen la filled with visitors. A committee of the Royal Geographical Society has chartered the steamer M. G. ilelcholr and will proceed out Into the Sound to meet the Hans Etede. Maurice F. Egan. the American min ister, and his daughter. Miss Carmel E. Egan. passed the night on board W. Gould Brokaw's yacht. Fedora, with the Intention of accompanying the steamer to port. Copenhagen to Banquet Him. At a banquet tomorrow night, at which Dr. Cook will be the guest of honor. Lord Mayor Oldenburg will propose a toast to President Taft and King Freder ick: Minister of Commerce Johaiin F. C. Hansen will make a speech In honor of Dr. Cook, and Commodore Hovgaard. commander of the Danish Arctic Expe dition of 1K82-J, will greet the American and. on behalf of the Polar explorers, congratulate him upon his success In finding the Pole. The Danish newspapers are full of praise of the American enterprise which made possible the trip of exploration of Cook and express their delight at his success. These articles are replete with sympathetic references to the friendship between the United States and Denmark. . None of them expresses real doubt of the truth of the discovery of the Pole and all believe that Dr. Cook will be able to put forward his proofs. Will Breakfast With King. King Frederick, of Denmark, has In timated his desire to receive the trav eler tomorrow morning, and has ar ranged to entertain him at luncheon. Hundreds of telegrams from America and all other parts of the world h-e been received at the American Lega tion for the explorer. The news that the Hans Egede had passed Cape Skagen led to Increased activity on the part of those prepar ing to celebrate the return of the ex plorer. The city already Is gay with flags. The Stars and Stripes are being Inter twined with the Danish ensigns. ACHIEVEMENT WILL BE SPUR Baldwin Believes Others Will Try to Reach Pole. NEW YORK, Sept. 1 Evelyn B. Bald win, the Polar explorer and meteorolo gist, expressed the opinion today that, far from dlscourajrlng further effort. Dr. Cook's achievement would prove a spur to explorers, geographers and scientists. Mr. Baldwin announced that he himself was preparing for another attempt to reach the Pole. "I expect to start soon." he said. Tfe will proceed In a strong vessel through Behring Strait and make our ship faet In the Ice pack. Then we hope to drift completely through the Northern Ocean at the rate of two miles a day. passing the polar point and coming out south again somewhere between the northeast coast of Greenland and Spltz bergen. I expect to find land to the west of Crockerland. We expect to take along a dirigible balloon which will be useful In making side trips. I think the finding of the 3outh Pole." continued Mr. Baldwin, "will prove an easier task than the discovery of the North Pole, "because It Is surrounded by a continent, while the Arctic Ice is con stantly shifting and breaking up." MILLINERS DESIGN COOK HAT Latest Creation Is Named for Daring Explorer. CHICAGO. Sept. 3. Dr. Cook, strug gling against the blizzard blast of the Great North, little thought of the fame that was to be his when he reached the top of the world! The newest fash Ion in women'a hats has been named "Dr. Cook.1' The Dr. Cook hat is sug gestive of the polar regions. It seems as high as the cartoonist's picture of the pole, although in reality it Is only two feet tall. It Is constructed of brown fur. fuzzy and expensive. It Is Just such a hat as the famous explorer might have drawn over his head when the wind blew cold, and It looks massive and solid enough to furnish forth a good soup In case of emer gencies. Further heightening Its chilly effect Is a snowlike spray or aigrette, high up on the left side. The National Association of Retail Milliners, in ses sion here, is designer of the "Dr. Cook" hat. EXPLORER WELL EQUIPPED J. R.. Bradley Says Supplies Were Loaded Secretly. NEW TORK. Sept. 3. While the first report Indicate that Dr. Cook s "dash for i the Pole" was the unpremeditated out I come of a fishing and hunting trip along i i, .. nnnifin nimnni ill i SNAPSHOT OF MAN WHO .; -"- rzr- I . - i. r m - ' Si-''"' - ,j - i ... "L- . .n v - i - 's ' . ' . J -. ' . v V ' ' - t ; ' -.- '-ttoc , , , : 'V " -y .. y. ' - -l x - - V - ' .i - r v t I j - . I ' J . i i . u sj '?ry.. A , v -A If 1 THIS PICTURE OK DR. COOK WAS TAKES AT TYONIK, ALASKA. IN- SEPTEMBER, lWMI, Jl'ST AFTER HIS RETURN. FROM THE ASCENT OK MOUNT M'KINLEV. . t the Labrador coast. John R. Bradley, the wealthy New York big-gam hunter, who financed the expedition, now states that this was not true, and that Dr. Cook's expedition was perhaps the most carefully planned of any previous polar attempts. Mr. Bradley states that se crecy was maintained as to the ultimate object of the trip because, had Dr. Cook failed, much unpleasant controversy could be avoided. Not even the captain of the schooner yacht which took the party to the northwest coast of Green land knew that he had a polar expedition under way. That the Journey to the Pole was well planned is shown by the quantity and na ture of the supplies which the schooner yacht deposited on Greenland for Dr. Cook. These included 10.O cans of pro visions, many tons of dried meats. 10.000 boxes of matches, 50-10 gallons of gaso line. 1000 gallons of alcohol, two barrels of gum drops, which are currency with the Eskimos instead of money, guns and knives for trading, hickory lumber for building sleds and sheds, and great quan tities of staple groceries. In all there were sufficient provisions to last the party for three years. An Item which indicates the care with which the expedition was planned Is that of reducing the weight on stoves. Other polar expeditions carried brass or iron stoves, which weighed from 12 to 15 pounds each. Dr. Cook's stoves were made of aluminum and weighed only three pounds each, thus each stove allowed the carrying of about 12 pounds more of rro vislons to the sled: Dr. Cook's friends believe that wealth awaits him through the writings which he Is likely to publish, and through his lectures. A well-known vaudeville man ager in this city has already cabled to Copenhagen, offering Dr. Cook J4000 a week for 10 weeks to appear in his vari ous vaudeville houses and lecture on his. experiences. The European agents of three other vaudeville managers have been cabled In structions to Copenhagen to meet Dr. Cook and offer him a princely salary for his lecture service. Another result of Dr. Cook's discovery may be that the land which he reports having discovered will be called Cook's land. SHOULD BRING PEARY RECORDS Commander's Wife Declares Cook Followed Husband's Tracks. SOUTH HARPS WELL, Maine. Svpt. 3. "I have been expecting to hear this report ever since Dr. Cook started for the Pole," said Mrs. Robert H. Peary, wife of the explorer now In the Arctic, yesterday. "If Dr. Cook has discovered the Pole, he will have to bring back some of Mr. Peary's records to prove he has been far. ther north. The explorers must leave writings In calrna for that purpose. Dr. Cook may have found the going too good, or may have gone by water and not had time to stop for records. Of course the cairn must be built on the land, for the Ice, always moving, gives no support. "I am surprised to hear that Dr. Cook has been" able to do what Mr. Peary, with his years of training and experience could not do. According to the route laid out by Dr. Cook, he must have followed In Mr. Peary e tracks and should have picked up the original records left by Mr. Peary." YALE'S REBUKE TO CHICAGO Professors Say Judgment Should Be Suspended Till Cook Returns. NEW HAVEN, Sept. 3. The report that Chicago professors disbelieve' that Dr. Frederick A. Cook discovered the North Pole called forth criticisms by Di rector Chittenden of the Sheffield Scien tific School, whose guest Dr. Cook has often been, and by Professor Brewer, who accompanied Dr. Cook on one of his Arc tic trips. Professor Chittenden said: "I think the stand taken by these pro fessors is manifestly unfair and is cer tainly uncalled for. I think they should wait at least until his return." Professor Brewer said: "I shall believe Dr. Cook until it Is proved he did not reach the Pole." FRIENDS OF COOK BELIEVE Astoria Man Declares Explorer's Word Is Absolutely Good. , ASTORIA. Or.. Sept. S Dr. R. J Pilklngton, of this city. Is a personal friend of Dr. Cook, discoverer of the North Pole, having originally met him In New York, and has had some per sonal correspondence with him. After returning from the ascent of Mount McKlnley. in Alaska, in 1906. he wrote Dr. Pilklngton of his experiences at thit tima nr. Pilklngton says that anyone who personally knows Dr. CookJ can appreciate tne rdboiuib iruuuui ness of his character, and that if he has said he reached the North Pole, such a person would absolutely believe it. even If he had nothing to verify the statement. ' , DISCOVERED NORTH POLE. WILL HEROIZE COOK Explorers' Club to Make Him Guest of Honor. TO GATHER POLESEEKERS Welcome to Conqueror of Arctic Will Be Event of Hudson-Fulton Cele bration Urged to Hasten His Return. NEW TORK, Sept. 3. America's wel come to Dr. Cook will be made one of the principal events of the Hudson-Fulton celebration, if the explorer can be persuaded to hasten his return so as to reach New York In September. To this end the Doard of directors of the Ex plorers' Club tonight sent a cablegram urging Dr. Cook to be the guest of honor at the club's Hudson-Fulton dinner, Sep tember 30. The message was ?nt to Copenhagen, to be delivered .when ' the explorer lands .there tomorrow from the Hans Egede. If the plans meet with Dr. Cook's ap proval and the date tentatively selected is appointed for the official welcome, an international character will be lent to the celebration by the presence In New York at that time of several of the most prominent explorers of other countries, who will add their tribute to the official and unofficial ovations of city, state and Nation. Among those who have already made plans to be In America at the time of the celebration are Dr. FrldtJof Nansen. whose memorable North Pole expedi tion of lS95 reached the highest latitude until then attained: Dr. Otto G-. Norden skjold. the Swedish Antarctic explorer and geologist: Captain Roald Amundsen, the hero of the Northwest passage, who Is now fitting out a polar expedition to start early next year; Dr. Stephensen. the Norwegian explorer, and possibly Lieutenant Shackleton. the English naval officer whose explorations In the Antarc tic led him to the farthest southern point ever reached by man. DINE COOK AND SHACKLETON National Geographical Society Plans Taft Present Medals. WASHINGTON. Sept. 3. Plans were formulated today to secure attendance at tbe annua banquet of ti.o National Geo graphical Society In tills city next De cember of two famous explorers of the Polar regions. Dr. Cook and Lieutenant Shackleton. Professor Willis L: Moore, president of the society, said it was the purpose, If possibles to have President Taft present medals to be given by the society. HAS AMPLE MEANS OF PROOF Captain Cagnl Says Man of Cook's Daring Can;t Be Swindler. ROME. Sept. S.-A correspondent of the Tribune Interviewed Captain I'm berto Cagni. president of the Interna tional Polar Commission, and himself an explorer or note", on his arrival today at Gaeta aboard- the battleship Napoli. Captain Cagni said what Dr. Cook had done xaa a marvelous piece of enter prise worthy of his faring. He be lieved Dr. Cook would be capable of scientifically proving, up to a certain point, that he had reached the Pole, and deolared that one who has the courage to face the polar dangers cannot be a man of bad faith. "The Arctic explorer," said Captain Cagni. "either must be a ' genuine scientist or a swindler. Dr. Cook Is not a swindler. His undertaking Is aston ishing." Professor. Emanuelll. the astronomer, points out that Dr. Cook must have wit nessed the total eclipse of the sun which was visible only from the' Pole Just at the time he Is supposed to have reached ft. This, the astronomer said, would give him an opportunity to prove scientifically that he had reached the pole. Pole. Berlin Anxious to Hear Cook. BERLIN. S&pt. 3. The Berlin Geograph ical . Society has sent . Dr. Cook a tele gram of congratulation and an Invita tion to come to Berlin and deliver an ad dress on his discovery. ' , MIMII'I' I 1 1 II I M IS 1 1 I UUUft D uUmilnUL SURE HE HIT POLE Rudolph Francke's Story of I Parting 500 Miles L From Goal. EXPLORER fS NO QUITTER Sent Francke Back Rather Than Risk Any Life but His Own. Well Equipped and Confident. NEW YORK. Sept. 3. Rudolph Francke, the last white man who saw Dr. Cook before his final dash for the Pole, today added his word of tribute to his friend's achievement. "Dr. Cook never made a statement he could not prove' said Mr. Francke. "From the first day I met Dr. Cooke I was impressed with his perseverance. He does not know what It means to quit. His strength of pjrpose is wonderful. Well Equipped for Dash'. "When I left Dr. Cook 500 miles from the Pole he was about ready to make his final dash northward. With hickory sledges of his own design, with some of the best trained dogs In the polar region and with a supply of carefully dried meats and provisions, he was confident of success. "Dr. Cook thought it best that I should return, j He was the command er of the expedition and I obeyed with out hesitation. Willing to Risk Own Life. " 'Francke,' he eald to me as we part ed on the morning of March 3, 'I am go- i . ,nA a H.cndrata phnrlM find I LU lane a w . .... have decided that it would be asking too much to expect you to go -with me. I am willing to risk my life for this Idea and I hope to win. 1 have reason to-believe that I shall succeed, but If I go down, I shall go alone. "Frbm that day I firmly believed that he would succeed." Attorney-General Wlckersham issued a formal statement today effectually put ting a damper on some of the interviews credited to him concerning the Stars and Stripes floating over newly acquired ter ritory In the Polar regions. He said: Wlckersham Only' Joked. "A reporter came to see me at my home last night and aked for my opinion as to the raising of the Ameri can flag over the North Pole. I de clined to consider the matter seriously, and after some Jocular remarks in re ply to his' questions as to what he could quote me as saying, I stated that he could say that I had not given the matter any serious consideration." VIENNA SCIENTISTS DOUBT Ask Where Cook Spent Winter Are Skeptical About Arctic Game. VIENNA. Sept. 3. Scientific circles in Austria received the news of Dr. Cook's discovery with much reserve. Professor Oberhummer, president of the Imperial Geographical Society, thinks the links In the chain of his story thus far received are Incomplete. i The question where Cook passed the Winter of 1906-09. according to Professor Oberhummer, especially required precise explanation.' Other scientists express skepticism over that portion of the story about districts so near the Pole being rich In wild animals. COOK -IS N EARING PORT (Continued From First Page.) Heibergs Land and another three weeks of fog. When 4hat cleared I saw we had drifted southwest to Rlngnesland, where we found open water and tower high screw ice, which stopped our way eastward. Hungry, Ammunition Scarce. "We now began to suffer hunger. Our provisions were becoming exhaust ed and we were unable to find depots. We entered Rlngnesland and on June 20 found the first animals of our re turn bear and seal. We shot a bear. " 'And now our goal was the whalers at Lancaster Sound. We followed the drift ice to the south, 18 miles a day, but were stopped by pack ice In Wellington Channel, which was impassable, either by boat or sledge. Here was lots of game, but We did not dare shoot It. We had only taken 100 bullets to "the Pole and now only ih were left. We went Into Jones Sound after walrus and bears and found open, calm water. We met polar wolves, with which some of our d.gs made friends and ran away. Two Months in Open Boat. " 'We spent day and night in an open boat, ten miles from shore. This lasted for two months, while storms often raged over our heads. At last we got ashore again, but we had no fuel and were obliged to eat uncooked food. Next day we found fuel, and what a feast we had! But we suffered much hunger during this period. One night a bear came and stole our food. -We had many fights with musk oxen which attacked us. Our best weapon against them was the lassoo.' "The correspondent's story quotes Dr. Cook as saying in conclusion: To say that the day we reached our provisions stored at Etah was a greater day than April 21. I longed to get back to civilization, to move among my fellow men; I longed to press my wife to my heart. I am the happiest man living. Tell the whole world I thank God' I am back.' " Some had hoped the Hans Egede would reach port tonight and Mr. Egan had prepared" to welcome Dr. Cook with fire works from the deck of the Fedora. The quarantine station at Elslnore, however, signalled that a gale was In progress and that It was Improbable that the steamer would reach her destination be fore tomorrow morning. King Frederick will hove an audience with Dr. Cook tomorrow and will decor ate him with the Danish gold medal awarded for merit. WEIGHT IS GREATEST AT POLE Cook Stood at Point Nearest Earth's Center. LONDON. Sept. 3. Sir Robert Ball, for mer astronomer of the Royal Observatory', now profeseor of astronomy at Cam bridge University vand one of the most distinguished British scientists, has writ ten the following statement: "Two questions being asked all over the civilized world today are: " 'First Why does any one want to go to the North PoleT " 'Second How does he know when he Is there?' k "To answer the second question first. the mariner who finds his latitude in the northern hemisphere to be 90 degrees knows He can be nowhere else than at the North Pole. The astronomer tells you that to any one standing at the North Pole the sun rises and sets only once a year six months ' daylight, six months night, mitigated only by a little twilight at the beginning and end of a period of awful gloom, broken by. occasional moon light or aurora. "The po is ' truly an unique spot. Cook, standing there, faced due south. Whichever way he looked he was more than 20 miles nearer the center of the earth than if he stood at the equator.. His weight was greater than anywhere else 'on the surface of the globe. A piumbllne In his hand pointed vertically upward to the pole of the heavens, around which all -the- stars revolve. Half of the stars he could never see: the other half never were, below his hori zon, and would have' been visible throughout the six months of night. The famous constellation Orion circled around and around his horizon. The pole star stood directly over his head. "The gain, to . knowledge , from Dr. Cook's discovery is inestimable. There is still much to learn of tides, currents and the ocean." ONE-MAX DASH LONG PLANNED Cook Recognized Drawback of Large Polar "Party. PRESCOTT, Ariz.,. Sept.: 3. In contra diction of the opinion frequently ex pressed abroad- that- Dr. -Frederick Cook's dash to the Pole was offhand and haphazard. M. G. Cunnlff. former editor of the World's Work, who is here on a visit, declares that the ex plorer deliberately planned to make it a one-man attempt before he left New York on the expedition. - - ' - "Dr. Cook is no amateur, as a mem ber of the Peary Club has called him," said Mr. v-unniff. . "He is a seasoned explorer, a man absolutely without nerves. "Regarding the doubts expressed of Cook's ability to prove that he really reached the Pole, since .he had no gal lery of spectators to corroborate him, I recall several conversations I had with him and Anthony Fiala Just be fore he left on the expedition. Fiala, who had Just returned from an un successful search for the Pole, declared that no party , of any size, could; hope to reach it, hampered as it must -necessarily be by large quantities of provi sions. Cook agreed with him and said hi. ni.n -ci-ac tn start from a base ! of supplies with a very small crew of ; seasoned Eskimos, progress to a point within 200 miles OI ins r-uie, provisions and then, with but one com panion and the pick of the dog pack, make the final dash. "That his plan was successful is proved by his messages, for Dr. Cook Is a man of his word. He habitually undervalues rather than overstates his achievements, and since he declares he reached the Pole, there can be no doubt of it." FORMER COMPANION OF PEARY THINKS POLE NOT FOUNO. Believes Cook Sincere, - but -Under Mental Illusion Caused -by Strain of Trip. PHILADELPHIA. Sept. 3.That Dr. Cook's reported discovery of the North Pole may be a mental illusion on the part of the explorer, superinduced by the monotony of a two years' sojourn In polar' regions, was the belief expressed today by Dr. Robert M. Keely, of this city. Dr. vKly accompanied. Jr-eary on his North Greenland expedition in 1891-92, r,H thus became Intimately acquainted with Dr. Cook, who was ; a. member of the party. ' uvnm what I know of the Peary expe dition and the conditions near the Pole," he said. "I can only conclude that Dr. Little Soldiers In your blood are the; millions of corpuscles that defend you against disease.. - To make and keep these little soldiers healthy and strong, is simply to make and keep the blood of the right quality and quantity. This is just what Hood's Sarsaparilla does it helps the little soldiers in your blood to fight disease for you.- It cures scrofula, eczema, eruptions, catarrh, rheumatism, anemia, nervous ness, dyspepsia, general debility, and builds up the whole system. . . . . EATS DIRT PEERLESS -ELECTRIC CLEANERS FULLY GUARANTEED The Perfect Cleaner. Eastern Mfgrs. Co. 83 Fifth St., Portland Agents. Oregon, "VVashington, Idaho, Montana, British Columbia. Reliable Agents Wanted. PRICE $70.00. Also Full Line of Hand Power Suction Cleaners. Send for Descriptive Matter. k , SAYS COOK HAD ILLUSION SATURDAY The favorite day of most women who like to shop for nick-nacks and npvelties to pick up a dainty bit of neckwear or jewelry a piece of fancy work or ribbon a pair of gloves or a book. At this time of year shrewd shoppers visit the dif ferent departments to see the advanced Fall styles on display. To the seekers of Fall fashions we can offer today a very definite and positive showing of what will be fashionable this season. In our Suit Department we are receiving daily new things by express from New York. Silks and dress goods are also showing; imported novelties; also beauti ful Fall millinery. f All over the store, no matter where you Jook, you will find new Fall goods. We extend an invita tion to all to examine, try on, price all goods on display. You will not be urged to buy. Welcome. Store Closed Merchandise Cook Is making a sincere statement, but a mental illusion. "I do not believe It is Impossible to reach the Pole, but It seems Improbable that one man can accomplish the feat. As for the Eskimos, their testimony is valueless. TJiey do not even know what the North Pole means. "Peary and Cook were within 200 miles of each other, and if, as reported, Dr. Cook made dally observations, a compari son of the conditions of the ice or weather would mean ,-a great deal. If Peary re ports an unusual condition of the Ice alone. It. will-partly confirm Dr. Cook's Patriotism The stomach is larger factor in " life, liberty and the pur suit of happiness" than most people are aware. Patriotism can withstand hunger but not dyspepsis. The confirmed dys peptic "is fit for treason, stratagems snd spoils." The man who goes to the front for his country with a weak stomach will be a weak soldier and a fault finder. A sound stomach makes for good citizenship as well as for . health and happiness. Diseases of the stomach and other organs of digestion and nutrition- are promptly and permanently cured by the use of ,i i Dr. PIERCE'S GOLDEN MEDIGAC DISCOVERY. It builds up the body with sound flesh sad sofld muscle. The dealer who offers a substitute for the " Discovery " Is only seeking to make the little more profit realized on the sale of less meritorious preparations. . Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical Adviser ts teat fret on receipt of stamps to pay expense of mailing tnly. Send 21 one-cent stamps for the paper covered book, or 31 stamps for the cloth bound. Address World's Dispensary Medical Association, R. V. Pierce, M. D., President, Buffalo, N. Y. SPEND SUNDAY AND MONDAY-LABOR DAY - NORTH BEACH Saturday-Monday Round-Trip Excursion Tickets $3 will be good returning Sunday or Monday night O. R & N. ' STEAMER " T. J. POTTER Leaves Portland 1:00 P. M. Saturday: returning from ' North Beach Sunday night. Leaves Portland 8:30 A. M.Monday: returning leaves Megler 9:00 P. M. same night. This is her last trip of the season. TICKETS at City Ticket Office. Third and Washington Streets snd at Ash Street Dock. Fresh from our two miljion dollar sunlit bakery. Crisp, delicious, nutritious. Try it for breakfast with milk or cream. All Day Monday of Merit Only statement, for with nothing short of that could the Pole have been reached. The Ice drift has never been northward, ac cording to reports of any of the explorers In any expedition. "Traveling 100 miles In seven days, as Dr. Cook's story would indicate, seems Impossible. I confidently believe that Dr. Cook was affected by the strain of hla journey, and had come to believe that he had really reached the Pole." EJSTACADA is a delightful place to epend a week. Best of hotel accommo dations at reasonable rates. AT -