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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 30, 1909)
10 THE MORNIXG OREGOXIAX, FRIDAY. JULY 30, 1909. PORTLAND. OREGON". Entered at Portland. Oregon. Fostofflce Second-Class Matter. Subscription Kateo Invariably in Advance. (Br Mall ) Dally. Sunday Included, one year ' 15 Dally. Sunday Included, six months 4 2a Iilly. Sunday Included. three months 2.1'3 I 'ally. Sunday Included, one month ' Iv;illy. without Sunday, one year 6 00 tatly. without hundav. six month! 3 25 I'aily. without S'imiay, three months...-, r'allv. without Sunday, one month...... .80 Weekly, one year 1 Sunday, one year 2..0 Cundar and weekly, one year S 40 (By Carrier.) rly. Sunday Included, one year A'ally. Sunday included, one momn.... How tn Remit Send postofflce money order, express order or personal check on jour local bank S-amps. coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give portofrice ad dress In full. Including county and state. Totace Rate 10 to 14 pares. 1 eent: .Jo t-i SS page. 2 cents; 30 to 40 pajtes. a cents; 46 to & paxes. 4 cents. Foreign postage douhle rates. Eastern Business Office The S. C. Beck- wl;h t-perlal Agency New York, rooms 4S Tribune huSMIns". Chicaso. rooms 10-512 T-lrune bulldlnic. PORTLAND, FRIDAY. Jl'I.Y SO, 1BOB. THE "ASSEMBLY" PLAN. A Pendleton paper. East Oregonlan, In an article- entitled, Th3 Sham As sembly." has these remarks: The "assembly" plan has been devised by those who want to overthrow the direct primary completely. Instead of having free and open races under the direct primary, they would have nominations made by a bunch of politicians and ward heelers called tcjrcther for the purpose. In its essence the assembly plan is far more vicious than the old convention system. Those who like e'ean government and want to uplift politi cal conditions should shun the assembly Plan. This la the plea of a partisan Demo, cratic newspaper, that opposes the representative system In party action, because it is unwilling that the Ideas of the political majority, represented by party and expressed through party, shall prevail. The desire Is to juggle everything, and to sophisticate all po litical action and effort, so as to defeat the predominate political and party sentiment of the state. Tet In popular government no way has been devised of accomplishing anything except through party action Men must combine and work together, or chaos will ensue; and there must be unity of purpose, based on large Meas and general principles, or there can be no party. Then, if there Is to be party, there must be leaders. Let men theorize how they will, or babble how they will, they never will be able to escape these conditions. The assembly plan has not been de vised 'by those who want to overthrow the direct primary completely," or a all. It is the plan of those who wish and Intend to keep the primary, and to observe It and enforce it. But they wish to preserve -and to enforce the representative system In party, as a guide to party action It Is found not to be a good plan to permit or Invite every man who wants an office to nominate himself. By this system we get all sorts of pretenders and lncapables. The sys torn sets a premium on miserable in efficiency and unfounded pretension Candidates multiply on the approach of an election, like the files of Sum mer. But men of dignity and capacity refuse, or decline, to appear. The consequence is necessity of selection from a multitude of candidates, none of whom has received more than the email vote of a personal faction, or has, or can get, the confidence of a majority of the electors. Yet one of these candidates, who has received an Insignificant plurality, claims the nomination and expects the votes of hiS entire party, which, however, he can't get first, because there has been a bitter fight, which has made an ir reparable breach, and second, because the majority deem him unfit for the honor and distinction. Then the can diilate of the opposite party Is elected who may be no better man and the defeat of all the purposes of party association Is the further consequence. I'nder such a system all political ob Jects are confounded together, and no policy whatever can be maintained f'r direction of the state. The object of the "assembly" Is to give some direction to party action, through each party's representatives, to as to secure distinctive results through party effort. "Free and open races, through the direct primary," is negation of the representative princi ple. It completely rules out all rep resentative men and all fittest men, and brings forward for office cheap pretenders, who nominate themselves, and invite, not only their own defeat, but rejection of the principles and purposes contended for by their party. It "turns wisdom to -folly, as nourish ment' to wind." Our experience on this subject al ready Is abundant. It shows that prac tically in ever?- case the successful candidate in a primary election, in the absence of a direct guiding force through an assembly of the represen tatives of a party. Is the man who ag gressively seeks the office: and the man who, during the campaign, can shake most hands, make himself the best mixer, communicate with the largest number by means of empty speeches, r tlim-flam circulars, sent through the nails, or make in any way the most touching appeal to the fancy of hobby liorsioal citizens, as sliver advocates, single tax fanatics, or other groups of people entertaining half-baked no tions, will walk off with the nomi nation in the name of party and thus the entire body of principles represented by a great party is be trayed. It is for these reasons that there should be advisory assemblies, to perform a part in the selection or suggestion of candidates, calling on fit men to stand for responsible po sitions. These, of course, are to be submitted to the primary; and the primary is to be conducted In com pliance with strict forms of law, so as to guard It against fraud or ir regularity. Independent candidates can still come forth, if they desire; but some guide to party nominations and to representative nominations will be secured through representative party action. It is the way, and the only way, to preserve representative gov ernment, and at the same time to give the citizen opportunity to ac complish what he wants through legitimate party effort. The effort to legislate legitimate party leadership out of its existence, and with It the representative principle in party and government, is the radical mistake of these "free and open races," under the direct primary. It ought to be checked, and it will be, through the representative assembly, whose de cisions, indeed, will not be final, but will serve as a guide to party action, through the representative system. w hich is a vital principle of govern Blent lor the people and by the peo- ' pie. Democracy never can mean more than government through rep- resentative Institutions. It is not the struggle of the units of a mob for as cendancy, for that never can result in anything but anarchy, nor in succes sion of control to one mob after an other, with loss, of all the higher prin ciples and objects for which govern ment is instituted among men. The representative system is the basis of our government and never can be cut from under it; and since there is no way of carrying on government, under a republican system, without party, the representative system must apply to party also. This is Just what "the assembly" means for suggestion 'of nominations. . AS ECHO OF A LONG-PAST TIME. Behind the suit of L. F. Grover and wife against the Hawthorne estate there is a world of the history of poli tics and affairs of Oregon, forty to fifty years ago leading up directly to the present time. Grover was a poll tlclan, needing aid. Hawthorne had the management of the insane of the state, and needed political support. A connection began then, whose conse quence has continued to the lawsuit of the present time. It is a story of family, as well as of political and state and property af fairs, that would make a highly inter esting chapter. So intimately con nected was It with political and public affairs, many and many years ago, that it would be worth telling in detail The suit at law, now started, may give occasion to tell the story. It probably will. It would not be the province of The Oregonlan to enter Into the contro versy of the parties at this day. Bu to relate the political history of the time long past, and of the connection of Grover and Hawthorne in their alliance on the one side for the prizes of politics, on the other for the profits that were to ensue and did ensue from administration of a lead ing function of the state would make a story of some Interest. Strange enough that the connection of that time should produce a lawsuit at this late day. SPAIN'S TROUBLES, By the convention of Algeciras the duty of keeping up some semblance of order in the Moorish province of Morocco was delegated to France and Spain. In pursuance of this arrange ment, the latter nation maintains a force in Morocco which has now come into serious collision with the natives. The government of Spain is obliged, in consequence, to send out reinforce ments which have to be drawn from the laboring class. It happens Just now that the working people of Spain have no relish for foreign war. The outcome of the contest with the United States was not such as to make militarism popular, while an Industrial revival is on foot, which occupies the attention of the people and offers a better support to their families than they have enjoyed for a long time. The socialists, who are active in Spain, as they are in all European countries, have undermined old-fash ioned patriotism with their specious reasoning. "Why should you forsake your Jobs and plunge your families Into want," they ask, "for the sake of fighting the battles that will never benefit you?" To make the war still more unpopu lar, the report has been - spread throughout the country that it is waged in the Interest of a mining project. Whether this Is true or not. it has excited the people terribly and fanned the opposition to the war Into open rebellion. The Spanish govern ment Is thus confronted with internal nd foreign war at the same time, while the never-ending Carllst claim to the throne hangs overhead like a threatening cloud. In the unsettled condition of Spanish affairs, a really wise government would have shunned foreign war unless the people were heartily in favor of it. Alphonso XIII Is still a young man, not so very se curely seated on his throne, and a ser ies of reverses might drive him out of the country and bring. back the fear ful troubles which preceded the ac cession of his father, in 1874. This monarch was the son of Queen Isa bella II. and she was the daughter of Ferdinand VII, who departed this life in 1833. Isabella came to the throne as an Infant and- her entire reign was troublous. It ended in 188S with a revolution. It was in the time of Ferdinand VII that these Carllst pretensions to the throne of Spain began, which have kept the country in more or less con stant turmoil ever since, rerdinanrt. having no male children, desired to abrogate the Salic law which excluded females from the succession. Natur ally his brother Don Carlos opposed the project, but Ferdinand persisted and his daughter Isabella succeeded him. The adherents of Don Carlos. caring more for the supposed right of their leader than for the welfare of Spain, plunged the country Into civil war. This crime they have repeated time and again, but in spite of Internal dissensions, which seemed to favor them, they never have won their cause. hen Isabella was driven from the country, a period of anarchy ensued, and then the Carlist claimant was passed by In favor of Victor Em manuel's son, Amadeo. He managed to hold on, in turmoil and dissension, until 1S73, when he gave up the hope less effort to maintain his position, and abdicated. Another period of anarchy followed, which was varied by the dictatorship of the picturesque Emilio Castelar, whose lurid literary- productions are familiar to the whole world. In 1874, when everybody had grown weary of killing his neighbors, Isabella's son, Alphonso XII, was made King. His reign lasted until the Fall of 1875. The present King Al phonso was born in the May followi ng his fathers death, his motner. Maria Christina, who acted as regent during his childhood, managed affairs so skillfully that there was no great difficulty about the succession, and he duly ascended the throne at his ma jority. His marriage with one of the grand-daughters of Queen Victoria has strengthened his position. Much of the Internal dissension which distracts Spain is due to the heterogeneous character of the nation. It is composed of provinces which were originally inaepenaent ana which never have been very closely welded together. The power of the monarchy was founded by Ferdinand and Isabella, who united the separate kingdoms of Castile and Arragon by their marriage, in 1469. Their forces, acting together, were then able to con quer Uranaaa ana anve out tne Moors. In the north of hpam the provinces are Inhabited by people who peak either a barbarous dialect or a anguage totally different from Span- lsh. They are relics, in fact, of the primeval tribes who dwelt in Spain 1 in Roman times, and their allegiance to any settled government Is uncertain i at best. Their Christianity is mingled with pagan rites and their customs are wild and savage. Another weakness of Spain is the bigotry of its people. During their long struggle with the Moors they came to regard orthodoxy in religion as the be-all and end-all of life. If they were good church members they might be anything else they chose. This feeling, united with their uncon querable personal pride, has discour aged industry and promoted poverty, In recent years, however, this national trait is being rapidly modified. Work is not despised as it was fqrmerly, and it is recognized that orthodoxy In be lief is not sufficient to make the pres ent life endurable, whatever effect It may have upon the next one. The Spaniards, as a nation, have gone to work. The American war in particu lar" gave their industry an impetus which, if they are sensible enough to keep out of foreign complications, may , lead to the redemption of the country. TAFT AND THE TARIFF. The tariff bill is completed. Presi dent Taft has won his battle for re vision downward, and the bill will be passed by Congress In such form as to be in the main acceptable to him and to the country. The President has won a notable victory, undoubtedly. He not only enforces on an unwilling majority in Congress his specific views as to cer tain important tariff schedules, but he has confirmed the early popular Impression that beneath a benignant exterior there repose a firm win ana a stern purpose. It seemed for a while as if he would, through sheer desire to avoid trouble and annoyance, leave the whole business of tariff-building to Congress, and would pass on the bill in its entirety when it came to him. This was in accord with the constitutional fiction that the Pres ident should assume merely a Judicial attitude of non-interference with the leeislative branch of the Gov ernment; but it is not in accord with the actual position of the President as the head of the whole Government, responsible for all of its acts. The President Insisted on his right, to modify and revise the tariff bill,' because It was to be his bill. President Taft han Justified the highest expectation of the country in making a Republican Congress , carry out its specific pledge to revise the '.ariff. The Big Stick is still in busi ness, and it is in capable hands. TARIFF OS WHEAT. Of all the silly sophistries present ed by the hidebound protectionists in lieu of sound, sensible argument, none is sillier than the wild statements of the American Economist. Ignorance, or misrepresentation in a superlative degree Is glaringly noticeable In some comment on the wheat tariff appear ing in the latest Issue of the organ of protection. Assuring its readers that there will be no reduction of the duty on wheat, "while it may be increased," the Economist proceeds: That the American farmers are benefited by this duty Is proved beyond dispute by the fact that wheat sells for 23 cents less a bushel on the Canadian side, aa compared with wheat on the American side, soon after navigation closes at the Canadian ports of Fort William and Port Arthur, on Lake Superior. -Canada had 22.000.000 bushela of wheat on hand thta Summer, left over from last year. That would have come Into the United States but for the duty. The Economist places a very low es timate on the intelligence of the farm ers if it expects them to believe such nonsense as the foregoing. Both Can ada and the United States are large ex porters of wheat. The surplus from both countries Is sold in the foreign markets and the home market price is fixed automatically by the European price less the freight rate, which Is exactly the same from American and Canadian ports. Let us see how our American wheat is Imperilled by the Canadian prod uct. The latest Issue of the Liverpool Corn Trade News, under date of July 13, quotes No. 2 red Winter and "hard Kansas," the highest-priced wheat grown in the United States, at 9s 6d per cental. No. 2 Northern Mani toba, the wheat which is threatening the welfare of the American farmer. is quoted at the same time In the Liv erpool market at 9s 9d per cental, and No. 3 Northern Manitoba is quoted at 9s IMA and 9s 8d per cental. This premium for the Canadian wheat remains relatively the same throughout the yar, and it Is, of course, very necessary that we should have a duty high enough to prevent the Canadians from selling their wheat in our markets in preference to the Liverpool market, which establishes the price for both Canadian and American wheat. The protective tariff on wheat has no more to do with fix ing the price for the American farmer than it has in fixing the Liverpool price to the consumer. No more shal low or baseless argument ror protec tive tariff could well be Imagined. THIRTY-FOOT CHANNEL. The experience of Philadelphia in securing a thirty-foot channel to the sea offers the strongest kind or en couragement for early completion of a similar channel from Portland to the Pacific Ocean. Compared with the ask with which Philadelphia was confronted ten years ago, the work needed to complete a thirty-foot chan nel from aPortland Is not at all diffi cult. Major Herbert Deakyne, engi neer in charge of the work at Phila delphia, has just forwarded his annual report on the Philadelphia improve ment, and it contains many statistics of special interest to Portland. Work under the thirty-foot project was ommenced in 1899, and up to June 30 there had been expended on the proj ect the sum of $6,383,671. As to what has been accomplished, the engi neer's report says that: The original work of the channel, 30 feet deep and 600 feet wide, is now practically completed, from Christian street to deep water in Delaware Bay. except on Schooner Ledge Rock area, where .a few scattering points of rock remain to bo drilled and blasted off. It is estimated that only about 330 cubic yards of ledge rock remain to be removed. consisting of widely-scattered points projecting from one-tenth foot to one- foot above the plane of 30 feet mean low water. The work is being pushed as rapidly as possible, but from Us nature. Is necossarily tedious. The extreme difficulty of this work on the Delaware as compared with the soft mud and sand of the Colum bia Is shown in the statement that there have already been removed from Schooner ledge 552,345 cubic yards of overlying material, including boulders, and 35,745 cubic yards of ledge rock, more tha 100,000 pounds of dynamite being used on this ledge alone. In all the distance between Portland and Astoria none of the shoals Is one half mile in extent, and In none of them does the minimum depth of water extend for that distance. To complete this thirty-foot channel out of Philadelphia, the report shows that It w-as necessary to dredge the fol lowlng lengths through the various shoals: ' Duck Creek flats, 43,000 feet; Baker shoal, 20,500 feet; Salem Cove flats, 12,500 feet; Newcastle flats, 28, 000 feet: Cherry Island flats, 25,500 feet; Edgemoor, including Marcus Hook bar, 30,000 feet. There Is a depth of from 30 to 60 feet In the channel for so great a por tion of the distance between Portland and the sea that not one-third of th dredging done in the Delaware woul be necessary on the Columbia, and in the entire distance there would be n expensive rock work, such as has made the Philadelphia project such costly enterprise. The money which the Government has spent on the Delaware has been a good Investment, and the money that will be spent In making a thirty-foot channel on the Columbia will be equally profitable to the country at large. All that has been accom plished on Philadelphia's highway to the sea can be accomplished on the Columbia, and our thirty-foot channel should be rushed along as rapidly as possible. The ocean-borne traffic of the port is increasing more rapidly than ever, and it is of great Import ance that the improvements keep pace with Its growth. An electrical railway system. Is being projected from Oregon City to Silver ton through the Molalla Valley. The plan when carried through will open up to agriculture and suburban Indus- tries a wide and relaitvely unproduc tive because undeveloped section country that is rich in native re sources. It will cause the subdivision of large tracts of land, encourage in tensive farming, promote dairying and stockralslng, stimulate interest in the poultry business, and dispel the Isola tion that has brooded' over wide areas for all the past years of the white man's occupancy of these lands. The country tapped by this road is rich in all possibilities of rural industry, and in due time will be" transformed from a state of nature to a domain homes set in neighborly proximity to each other. Noting the success In these lines that has attended other sec tions of the country served by rural electrical railways, The Oregonlan is pleased to see this scheme take shape that premises early construction. The great National bunco game now being conducted at the Indian reser vation lands in Idaho, Montana and Washington has attracted so many vic tims that it is now adnjitted that only one In sixty has a chance to draw a farm worth having, while only one in thirty will secure any kind of a farm This is a percentage against the land seeker with 170,000 applications re ceived, and .as it is estimated that 300,000 will take a chance in the lot tery, drawing day next month will find the chance for a farm about one in 100. If any one except our good and moral Uncle Sam should engage in a lottery of this kind, he would be brought up with a round turn in short order. The affair next month is said to be the last that will take place under the lottery system. We cannot well point the finger of scorn at the Mexican lottery gamblers while we permit a similar venture in our own land with the Government in the role of dealer. Vancouver, Wash., has a Civic Im provement Society. In order to live up to its name, the society got busy Wednesday night and destroyed a number of objectionable . billboards which a Portland advertising firm had erected in a prominent place, where they would first meet the eye of the newcomer before he could see anything else in the city. Perhaps the billboard men have some rights in the matter and the obnoxious boards may be replaced. At the same time the sympathies of thousands who view with displeasure these glaring daubs that are plastered all over the country for advertising purposes will be with the Vancouver Civic Improve, ment Society. "Any one who wants to believe that the naval student (Sutton) commit ted suicide while two of his assailants sat on him, may do so. This is a free country," remarks the Chicago Tribune. Perhaps we shall learn, in due time, that in naval academy par lance suicide Is a mere euphemism for death at the hands of his young gen tleman friends, who were putting him through his paces. Just think how different some things might have been had Thaw pere, many years ago, secured one of those pearl-handled dog whips like Harry used on the chorus girls. Judicious use of the whip in lieu of the use of an unlimited number of dollars, while Harry was young and tender and in need of discipline, might have saved the family much trouble and disgrace. Theodore Roosevelt would be a mighty fine candidate for Mayor of New York. And he -would be elected, too If he lived in the city. But his residence Is in Oyster Bay. However, that shouldn't make much difference, in the case of a man who is not of one place but for all places, not of an age, but for all time. Are the officials of the City of Port land too busy drawing their salaries to give their attention to filling up the holes in the streets even .in the chief thoroughfares? ' There are hundreds and hurdreds of them holes as well as officials. Spain breaks the news of disaster gently, like the man who cut off the dog's tall an inch at a time. But the dog never seemed to appreciate his master's consideration. So with the Spanish people. One applicant out of every thirty will get a homestead in the Coeur d'Alene, Spokane or Flathead reserva tions. Then they must pay the ap praised value. The twenty-nine are lucky. Jeffries will fight the "nigger." He haa put up 16000. The world of pugil ism is over its nightmare. All that remains is to whip Johnson. That's all. Though perhaps The Elks and the W. C. T. U. cele brated the same day at the Seattle Fair. But not in the same way. Didn't Spain learn, eleven years ago, that censoring war news made no real difference in the result? The flea, says a wise California entomologist, cannot see; but he gets there just the same. PROBLEMS OF LIFE ASD RELIGION Historical Basis of the Life of the Ideal 1 Peraonase of the Christian World. MBDFORD. Or.. July 27. (To the Edi tor.) Is Jesus Christ a myth, or what he claimed to be a supernatural personage: Christianity claims to be a supernat ural religion. That being its claim, man kind has a right to expect that it hav a miDernatural stamp. Christ claims be a supernatural personage. That being his claim, mankind has a right to ex pect that his life have supernatural characteristics. If the world has a great many kinds of relielon. and among them there be one that Is the true religion, that originated in the mind of God. that religion must have some characteristics radically dif ferent from all the others, which make it possible to distinguish between the gen uine and the counterfeit. Over 1800 years ago, a remarkable per sonage walked the streets and lanes of a Roman province In Southwestern Asia. While he lived among men, various opinions were entertained concerning him. Some held that he was a demon Incarnate; others that he was merely man but a very good man; others that he was what he claimed to be a super natural character, the Son of God, sent down from heaven. We subscribe to the third view: First Because as a personality Jesus cannot be classified. All the great char acters of the Bible (excepting Jesus) can be classified. Take any of the great Bible characters, Moses or David, Daniel or St. Paul, or any others and you can find a group of men to which they be long; a class of men Into which they will fit. Not so with Jesus Christ. It is abso lutely impossible to classify him. He stands out as a perfectly unique char acter. It will not do to put him into the same class with Confucius and Moham med. Jesus Christ as a character as far transcends Confuckis and Mohammed as the light of the sun transcends the light of the moon. The eagle-eyed Napoleon saw this. Therefore on one occasion he said: "Superficial minds see a resembl ance between Christ and the founders of empires, and the gods of other religions. That resemblance does not exist. I know men; and I tell you that Jesus Christ Is not a man." The fact that Jesus Christ stands out as a perfectly unique char acter, Is strong presumptive evidence in favor of his supernatural character. Second Christ Is a supernatural char acter, because he breaks the universal law that "like begets like." God laid down this law in the beginning, and Moses has recorded the same in the first chapter of Genesis. The plant yields seed after its kind. The animal brings forth after its kind. Christ's mother was sinful; his ancestors running back Adam the father of the race were sinful, But Christ was not sinful, but sinless. His purity r.nd moral perfection are ad mitted by friend and foe. Richter speak ing of Christ says: "He is the holiest among the mighty, the mightiest among the holy, who with his pierced hand lifted empires off their hinges, and turned the stream of centuries out of its channel, and still governs the ages. He Is the sinless one among a sinful race. How shall we account for this ex ception. The only way we can account for It, is to accept the Scripture state ment: "He was conceived of the Holy Ghost." But Christ breaks the univer sal law, that "like begets like" not only from a moral, but also from a national point of view. According to his natural descent Jesus was a Jew. But strictly speaking Jesus was no Jew. We mean in those elements or characteristics which go to make up his personality Feter was a Jew. Read the Acts of the Apostles, and see how the Jew In Peter reveals himself. Paul was a Jew- Read his letters and you'll be convinced or that fact. But Christ was no Jew. He was neither Jew nor Chaldean neither Greek nor Roman, neither Ori ental nor Occidental, but a universal character, and therefore entitled to the name Son of Man. Third Jesus Christ is a supernatural character because he rose from the dead. Can this be proven? We think so. That such a person as Jesus Christ lived over 1800 years ago is admitted by friend and foe. That he led a transcendentlv nure life, and gathered about him a body of followers who believed him to be the Messian, is admitted by both friend and foe. That he was Dut to death hv orrlor ot ine Roman Governor is admitted bv friend and foe. Now If ' Christ did not rise from the dead, the dead nody must have been in one of two places; either in me nanas or his friends or In the hands of his enemies. If in the hands of his friends it is contrary to reason to believe, that they would have gone up and down the country, preaching that he wao aiLv-e, wnen they knew It was lie and ready to die for that n Men don t do such things. Men may by mistake die for a lie, but men will not knowingly die for a lie. On the other nana naa tne dead body been in the hands of his enemies, then when p.tr James and Jojin began to preach the new religion, all that would have been necessary to silence them, was to bring forth the dead body, which would have crusnea tne new religion for all time. Since the first 1s contrary to reason and the second never occurred, the third must be true, that Christ rose from the ueau. since ne vanquished death and maae tne grave surrender we hillnu that Christ Is what he claimed to be a divine supernatural v character. W. C. REUTEJR. Jesus is mainly what the imagination of the Christian world has made him There Is a true history and a mythical history of Jesus. They are separable by study or the early Christian documents. cniei or wnicn are the Gospels. It is certain that Jesus never claimed for him self what was claimed for him by nas cent Christianity, after the conclusion of his life. All the records are a growth of the early Christian consciousness or spirit; and the sayings of Jesus himself. never reduced to writing in the forms in which we have them, until long after he had passed, are a product of the per sonal and religious legend connected with his life, and for centuries afterwards In process of development. This is the uni versal Judgment of historical scholar ship, including theological scholarship, which is a branch of it. The judgment of the world accounts for Jesus on rational and historical, not on supernat ural grounds. His position depends on idealization of him by humanity. Nor does the world regard Christianity either as a supernatural religion or as the absolute religion. It Is one of the forms or systems through which the re ligious consciousness of a considerable part not a majority of mankind, finds expression. Students of the history of religions, in their comparative forms. find no difficulty in accounting for the career and history of Jesus, or for his place in the religious world; nor do they find anything supernatural In it, be yond that which Is mysterious and In soluble In the general problems of self conscious human life. Calve Tells Jokes on Herself. New York Press. Calve has been spending several months on her estate in her native province In France, and as a result is telling many droll stories of her ex periences with the simple country folk. She attended the birthday party of a peasant girl. Joined in the native dances and then sans; a ballad. After the ballad an old woman approached Calve and asked: "Does your scream ing hurt you?" A different compliment was paid her by a visiting villager, who told her he-knew the proprietor of a beer garden who would pay her five francs, or $1 a day, to sing to bis customers. THE TRADE FUTURE OF PORTLAND Country Tributary Will Be Most Densely Settled in Northwest, Says Critic. ' The "World's Work magazine for Au gust makes special features of the Pa cific. Coast and the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, and among the articles printed is one written by a staff writer on "The Future of the North Coast Cities," In which these interesting refer ences to this city are made: There are three commercial functions that create great cities: Manufacturing, forwarding and merchandizing. Portland Is a big forwarding city today and doubt less will be bigger, but her water front age consists of two banks upon each river, and that is all that nature allows. Tacoma and Portland seem to have built In the last few years on a solid and tan gible foundation. Into Tacoma there have come new railroads, at least two new steamship lines, and many millions of capital from the East. Tet there has been no boom. Almost the same can be said of Portland. The manufacturer looking for a site for a mill, warehouse or factory can buy it in the environs of those cities without paying exorbitantly. If he is content to go well out on the limits of the city, he may do the same thing at Seattle; but Seattle clearly aspires to be rather a forwarder of traffic, like New York, than a great originator of traffic, like Cincinnati, Pittsburg or Philadelphia. The values of real estate for office, ware house or dock, are almost invariably higher in a forwarding city than In a manufacturing city. It is not, therefore, to be expected that the future manufac turing center of the Northwest will be at Seattle, for factories rates and rail and water facilities being equal-seek the point where Initial cost Is least. Today, Tacoma Is the great manufacturing cen ter, Seattle a huge forwarder of freight, and Portland? a blend of these two, with the added characteristic of the central market town for a region of intensive agricultural development. , Washington, Oregon and Idaho are orchard states, but ordinary fruit costs more on the streets of Seattle, Tacoma, -Spokane and Portland than In New York or Philadelphia. They are glorious wheat states, too, but bread is no cheaper for that. Seattle today claims the largest part of forwarding trade, though both Tacoma and Portland enjoy good reve nues from It. No man, on the facts pre sented, could no more guess whether Se attle will maintain its proportion of the trade. Certainly Seattle will become a very big city within a few years' time; but her growth will be the growth of the brokerage city, the middleman and the forwarder. Portland, the Boston of the Coast, Is a self-contained, well-rounded, charming city of a truly metropolitan sort. It is more measured in its gait, more dignified, older and perhaps more solid than the bigger northern city. It grows on the Easterner with a sense of security. There are fewer people trying to sell things. One fancies that traditions are more sacred, codes less lax, innovations not quite so welcome as in the more electric atmosphere of the Puget Sound cities. Granted that the Columbia stays open, Portland's trade across the sea Is secure enough, and her coastwise traffic is solid as the country, but the real growth of STORY THAT FITS CASE EXACTLY Murdock, of Kansas, Illustrates the Bamboozling In the Tariff. Washington Letter to Kansas City Star. "After hunting for it half the Sum mer," said Representative Murdock, of Kansas. "I have found exactly the story which Illustrates the funny posi tion we are In about this tariff bill. I knew It was there somewhere, but it was hard to find. It's an old Spanish story, and it exactly fits our situation. You remember when we passed the Payne bill nobody liked it because it was too high. Then the Senate got it and substituted the Aldrlch rates, which were so much higher that the Payne bill looked like moderatio'n itself. Now we are scrapping around to preserve the Payne rates, and if we succeed in getting them we will feel sure that we have won a great and glorious victory. sow for my Spanish story. It just touches the spot. A very tall man en tered a tailor's shop and said: 'I want cape if you have one that will be long enough.' The tailor knew that he hadn't one that was long enough, but" he thought he must sell to the visitor. It would be a sin to let a cus tomer get away. So he replied: 'Yes, I have one that I am sure will Just fit you," and, producing it, he draped it over the shoulders of the customer and hastily reached for a huge pair of scissors. ' 'Hold, what would you do with those, demanded the customer. 1 'I must cut it off; it is a trifle too long,' replied the tailor. 'Can you not see that it would be more fitting to you if It were a little shorter?" 'The customer looked it over care fully, screwed his neck around and studied it with care. 'I would feel that I ought not to sell to you, sir, unless you permitted me to shorten it. It would speak 111 of my workmanship to sell a coat too long for Its wearer.' 'The customer studied it some more and said: " 'He thinks It is not long. I doubt if it is quite long enough, but I'll take lt,'and the clever tailor held him up for two prices and sent him away happy, which Is just what they are go ing to do to us and the country with this tariff bill." Women Flock to Three Senators. Baltimore News.. Senator Bailey's speeches are always popular with women, as they are with men, for that matter. The other day when it was so hot in the Senate cham ber as almost to set the asbestos sched ule afire, the galleries contained an audi ence of fine-looking, women, in cool and summery attire. They drank In every word of the Texas Senator's speech and staved to the last. Tillman's speeches in ariably draw a :rowa of women, who like him for the speech he made in the Mrs. Minor Morris case, and Senator Dolliver Is pretty eure to get a goodly audience of the fair sex. - Test of a Fisherman. Detroit Free Press. The world has many anglers, but Real fishermen are few; An angler loves to sit and chat About the sport with you. He'll tell you how he loves the game. How he could spend all day Casting a baited hook for bass In river, lake or bay. And yet the angler Is a man Oh, there are lots of them Who will not quit his bed o fish At o'clock A. M. The fisherman will rise at dawn And quickly slip away To cast his line into the deep Before it's break of day. The angler, though, the night before Will swear that he will rise. But when the fisherman gets up. It is In vain he tries To rouse the angler from his sleep He sticks unto his cot; Would he get up at 4 A. M. To fish? Well, I guess not. The fisherman will row a boat For miles and miles and miles. And. catching but a fish or two. His face is wreathed in smile The angler wants a cushioned seat And room to stretch and yawn; A place to sleep if they don't bite And weariness comes on. The morning star knows fishermen. And smiling, welcomes them. The anglers, though. It never sees They sleep tin v A. Portland, one must think, lies In another direction. The . country Immediately tributary to Portland should become the most densely settled large area of land in the North west; and there Is little doubt it will. The Willamette Valley seems designed by nature to be a veritable warehouse of solid wealth not of timber that can be cut off. nor from mines that can be emptied, but of products of the soil that never cease, but flow in ever-increasing volume as the years go by. A man who studies carefully the whole Northwest might well conclude that this valley is to play the very largest part in the ultimate solution of the "cost-of-living" problem. For it is not, like Yaki ma, Wenatchee, Hood River, or Spo kane Valley, an emporium of special ties; but it is a country made for the sustenance of men. In time, every till able foot of it will come under the plow. In the early days, it was a grain coun try, but today the profits of intensive farming are probably better understood here than in any other section of the Northwest, and the tendency toward development along this line Is unmis takable. Herein lies the characteristic future of Portland. Of course, for decades to come, the wonderful timber resources and gralnfields behind the Columbia outlet will maintain an enormous volume of ex port traffic from the docks; but the Wil lamette Valley, and the certain ultimate development of Central Oregon, will make Portland a real metropolitan mar ket city. Its growth Is limitless In pos sibilities. Anyone who understands the greatness of such Eastern cities as Buf falo, Toronto, Indianapolis. Louisville or Kansas City, can see to some extent what this one function of its life may do for Portland in a auarter of a century. It Is almost a certainty that within a de cade Its fine residence sections will be driven back a mile. These seem to be the individual pros pects of the three cities. It is strange, to a visitor who boasts no local prejudics or civic vanity, to study their attitude to ward the Inland regions, and vice versa. It Is true that the jobbers of Portland. Seattle and Tacoma merchandize today Into Montana and Wyoming. It seems equally true that if Spokane gets its rates, these coast Jobbers will meet pretty hot competition. But It Is not by any means certain that the interests of the Jobbers In Port land, Tacoma or Seattle are so important or so economically valuable that terri tory 500 miles inland must be considered as theirs by right divine. The coast, be cause It is the coast has certain traffic powers; but, pushed to such extremes as this, it would make of the West another Australia, rich on its coast but starving lit the Interior. The future of the coast cities themselves, in its full development, absolutely demands the full development of the Inland areas. That Is a truism of commerce that even Sydney and Mel bourne are coming to know. Spokane. Missoula, Lewiston. NamDa and Ttnlso must in the economic nature of things, become splendid centers of local com merce In their rich territories before Portland, Tacoma or Seattle reach their full growth; and every step the coast may take to retard the Inland growth seems a step backward, not forward, In the working out of a commercial destiny. DEVOTED TO FROTH AND FUDGE) America's Example of Sordldnea and Spiritual Destitution. New York American. Under modern conditions every great metropolis breeds at the most sumptu ous extreme of its social scale a sordld ness and spiritual destitution that is matcned only by the deepest misery of the poor. New York is no exception to this rule. The life of the younger Thawg quite apart from any question of high crime or the grosser immoralities has been narrow and shallow to a degree hardly to be matched In country towns.- It has been a life whose major issues turned upon matters of food and clothes and the devices for killing time. No one should be surprised, therefore, that this pltable little woman wholly lacking In objects of permanent inter est or devotion should at last have turned upon her husband with a stagy affectation of reluctance, excusing her self with the plea that $6,000 a year Is not enough for a lone woman to live on. It is the revenge of nature upon an existence dedicated to froth and fudge. And it makes life in a sodhouse on a quarter section In- Nebraska land seem courtly and magnificent. Aching Void In Wit Reservoirs. Cincinnati Times-Star.. The "O, you" witticism Is now in the full tide of its mad career. To be con sidered strictly up-to-date one must re mark on suitable occasions, "O, you kid," or indulge In one of the many elaborations of the phrase. Surely, there must be an aching void in the reservoirs of wit and originality when the entire country, parrot-like, catches at some senseless phrase and intro duces it ad nauseam. IN THE MAGAZINE SECTION OF THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN "MR. DOOLEY" ON THE NEWS FROM WASHINGTON Finley Peter Dunne, who was indisposed for several weeks, has taken up his pen. He shines when he writes of prominent men. Read what he has to say of Aldrich, Roosevelt and Taft. CENTENARY" OF ALFRED TENNYSON Next week the English-speaking world will pay honor to the great poet, who was born August 6, 1809. The Sunday Oregoniari pre sents a page of especially inter esting biographical matter. "COMING OUT" OF PRINCESS VICTORIA LOUISE Charming sketch of Emperor William's only daughter; a shy, studious, serious girl who will be launched socially next month, and thereafter live in a palace of her own. JAPANESE SCHOOLBOY ON LEARNING Young Togo asks: "Where should education be sawed off at?" and then answers the conun drum in his own artless way. ORDER EARLY FROM YOUR NEWSDEALER