8 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY, MAY 13, 1909. (Elje (Dmrnninn PORTLAND. OREGON. ' Entered at rortland. Orefon, poatofOc. as Second-Class Matter. bubscrtptlon Kates Invariably -la Adrance. (By Mall.) Dally, Sunday Included, ons year $8.00 Daily. Sunday Included, six month! 4.25 Dally. Sunday Included, three months.. 2-25 Dally. Sunday Included, one month..... .75 Dally, without 8unday. one year. ...... 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, alz months S.25 Dally, without Sunday, three months... 1.T5 Dally, without Sunday, one month 60 Weekly, one year 1-50 Sunjay, one year 2 50 Guaday and weekly, one year. ....... 8-50 By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday included, one year...... 9.00 Dnlly. Sunday Included, one month... .75 How to Remit Send poutofflce money order, express order or personal check om your local bank, stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Olve postofflce ad dress In full. Including county and state. Font a re Rates 10 to 14 pages. 1 cent: 18 to 28 pages, a cents; 30 to 44 pages. 8 cents; 4A to 60 pages, 4 cents. Foreign postage double rates. Eastern Bunlness Office The S. C. Beck wlth Special Agency New York, rooms 48 80 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 610-813 Tribune building. PORTLAND, THl'RSDAY. MAT 13, 10. PROTECTION AND SHIP SIBSFDY. If we have a tariff for protection we can't have a tariff for revenue. The two Ideas exclude each other. If, In addition to other extraordinary charges upon the Government, a heavy ship subsidy is to be voted there will be no way of getting the money but by heavy taxes on imports, framed for revenue, as taxes on articles of un usual consumption not produced In our own country and taxes on incomes. Cut down the duties on commodities like those of general production In our own country, which would put down local monopolies and tax those we don't produce; then we shall get revenue and beat the protected inter ests that have so long been reveling in extorted profits. The extreme protectionists are those most devoted to the policy of ship subsidies. In this they are most illog ical; for their doctrine of protection never will furnish the money to sub sidize ships for ocean commerce. But they care not for the logic, so they get the Government committed to the pol icy. It is protectionist votes they want, and they think it easy to fool people who are devoted to this one idea. At the December session the ship subsidy, scheme will be pushed 'With energy, and it may carry. The Presi dent could arrest it If he would, but his views on the subject are not well known. If the policy should begin It would be very difficult to discontinue it, and yet it would be useless unless permanent. It would not remove ex isting handicaps on shipping by taking away the causes which are rooted in the high cost of construction and oper ation of American ships, but would simply aim to equalize conditions by paying American owners a sum from the treasury sufficient to make up those handicaps. This sum, obtained by taxation, would be lost economical ly, of course, and would merely be a factor in producing another great group of very wealthy men. . The pol icy is associated with protective tariff only as one scheme of plunder Is nat urally affixed to another. THE SCHEME OF SOCIALISM. The man at Berkeley, Cal., Mr. Ar thur George, who says he has been a Socialist fifteen years, and supposes himself a philosopher of Vie cult, in his letter to The Oregonlan, published yesterday, wished to express his posi tive dissent from The Oregonian's statement of some ten days ago, that "Socialism Is the negation of property rights." He Insists that socialism means simply "the operation of land and capital for public use." This pro test, denial pr explanation. Is only an other proof of the fact that socialists do- not think out to their necessary re sults the course and consequence of their own theory. For, when land and capital are appropriated by the state and operated for public use, what pri vate property will be left except one's dally dole, paid In scrip and good only for the cheap bread and lodging and clothing furnished by the state to all men and women placed on an equality of poverty and slavery? For If men are not to possess land and capital and operate them by their own initiative, skill and energy, and for their own profit; if the state Is to do the business and absorb the profits and every person is to be merely an employe, at wages fixed by the state how Is property, personal property, private property, to exist? How Is the natural and necessary waste to be recreated? The state is to possess the land and the capital and do the busi ness, take the profits or proceeds and distribute to each his dole. If this isn't the negation of property, what Is it? You may keep your old family heirlooms that have no money value, nothing else. The Socialist scheme excludes money also. Government being pro prietor of all capital and all produc tion, there will be no need or use of money. Government being the pro ducer and distributor of the goods and directing all the labor, will pay the workers In the products of their own hands.You will get your pay then in goods at "the company's store." You will work precisely as directed by the state and will get such pay as the state may ordain. And yet, perhaps, you will then not be happy. You will have no productive capital. The state will possess It. You will have no land. The state will be the owner. You will operate no machinery. The state will do all- that. Isn't So cialism, then, the negation of property rights? It may seem scarcely necessary to expose such theory and its conse quences. But there is a lot of theorists advocating Socialism, who don't at all comprehend their own scheme or its consequences. They exist in consider able numbers, even In, Oregon. WORK OF THE GRANGE. The thirty-fifth annual convention of the Oregon State Grange met Tues day in MeMinnville. The announce ment recalls the early meetings of this body and the names of many honored men and women who did their day's work earnestly and faithfully and passed on. An Important factor in the social and industrial life of the farmer folk of the state has been this organi zation all along the years. Its efforts In the financial betterment of the ag ricultural class have not always met fruition. However, they have been earnest and sincere. They have caused farmers to think for themselves, read for themselves, send their sons and daughters to the State Agricultural College, plan and make agricultural exhibits, patronize farmers' institutes, take a stand for good roads, recognize woman's part in agricultural develop ment and, in a multitude of other ways, have left the Impress of organ ized power upon the Intelligence and growth of a generation. As far as the work of the present session has been outlined it will be along lines similar to those above enumerated. That the meeting has been interesting and prof itable cannot be doubted. PORTLAND, A RAILROAD CENTER. Mr. Hill was somewhat slow In rec ognizing the matchless advantages of the water-level grades and short routes to the Coast which were afforded only by the Portland route through the Cascade Mountains. For many years after his great rival, Mr. Harriman, had been enjoying these advantages, Mr. Hill continued at an enormously greater cost per ton per mile to lift traffic over the Cascade Mountains. The building of the North Bank road, how ever, has changed the traffic routes of the entire Northwest, and in the change Portland looms larger than ever on the railroad map. As all roads led to Rome In the old days, so all railroads lead to Portland. At no other point 'between Mexico and Alas ka can that vast stream of traffic which flows overland between the two oceans And as easy and as natural an outlet to and from the Pacific as through the Columbia - Gorge, with Portland at the foot of this water-level haul and at the head of navigation for ocean carriers. Mr. Hill's North Bank road has not yet been In operation long enough to get the rust off the rails, but its ad vantages over the mountain routes over which his trains have been lifted for so many years have been fully demonstrated. As a. result of that demonstration, more transcontinental passenger trains run out of Portland than out of any other port on the Pa cific Coast. The coming of the Hill lines brought on competition, not the tame and insipid competition that ex isted between the Union and Southern Pacific, owned and operated by the same interests, but real, live competi tion that was reflected in more trains, faster trains and a general Improve ment in the service. Portland has not only been favored with more trans continental trains than are operated in and out of any other Pacific Coast city, but its local train service has been doubled and trebled since Mr. Hill discovered the water-level route about three years ago. New and faster trains are going into service on all of the local routes out of the city, and Portland is thus enabled to reach both new and old trade terri tory much more " advantageously than ever before.' Mr. Harrlman's re cent acquisition of a large interest in the New York Central has enabled him to work out that long-predicted "ocean-to-ocean" service under one control, and it will soon be possible to ride from Portland to New York In but little more than 3 days. With the improved service, now in opera tion or about to be started, there re mains little to be asked on the routes now covered. There still remains to come, however, a vast amount of de velopment through feeders which will not only supply business for the trans contintntal lines, but also for the local lines. These feeders; which' must penetrate the coast country and Central Oregon, are all that are needed to make Fort land the greatest railroad center on the Pacific Coast, and in view of the millions which both the Hill and the Harriman lines are spending for ter minals and other betterments In this vicinity, there is no question about the ultimate destiny of this city. FRENCH VNIONS AND THE STATE. Nations like France and Italy which have become heavy employers of la bor through' government ownership and operation of 'public utilities are confronted with difficulties which the United States has thus far escaped Here we have labor troubles in abund ance, but they are largely private af fairs. The public is interested, but only through the disturbance of trade and industry, not because the ma chinery of government is threatened. As long as labor is employed only by private individuals or corporations the general stability of the government is not impaired by a strike no matter how extensive It may be. But when Industry has become a function of the state and the employes have become puDiic servants tnen it is airneuit to draw a clear distinction between a strike and a conspiracy against the nation. Italy was perplexed by this difficulty in the recent strike of its railway employes and overcame it in the end by treating the refractory women very much as If they had been mutinous troops. What other course was open to the government? The question -which Italy had to face then and which France has to face now is really a very simple one, "Shall the state control its employes or shall the employes control the state?" In France organized labor is stronger than in Italy or any other European nation. This may appear surprising when the fact is added that the unions include only some fifteen per cent of the working population, but it is still true. Small numerically as the unions are they have managed to acquire great power through a complete organ ization. They are combined in a union of unions known as the "Confed eration Generale des Travailleurs' which is managed by a small and ca pable coterie and which commands the unswerving loyalty of its members. Of course, the Influence of the confedera tlon among the working population vastly exceeds its membership. It has got into trouble with the government through its efforts to enroll the state employes in the telegraphs, railroads and postoffices. To this the ministry objects on the ground that it would establish a state within a state and -introduce such conflict of authority that anarchy would ensue. The public em ployes assert their right to Join the confederation and are organizing a general strike to maintain it. It would be an error to confuse this movement among the state employes of France wfth socialism. There is strong sympathy between the socialists and the labor unions in that country, as there is everywhere else, and in case of open trouble between the state and the confederation the socialists would be against the government; still the methods of-open violence and the gen eral strike are not part of the socialist programme in France. The socialists do not in any country defy the. gov ernment. On the contrary their method Is by what they humorously call "edu cation" to convert the voters and thus gain possession of the power of the state which they will then use for their 1 own" purposes. They throw their in- ! fluence with the striking workmen, i however, for two reasons. One is that they are willing to fish in troubled J waters and catch what they can. The j other, that they systematically improve every opportunity to display their af fection for the working class and dem onstrate their devotion to -its interests. It follows that the French cabinet now has practically on its hands a struggle with organized labor and the socialists in close alliance. Whatever the sentiment of organized labor and the socialists may be in other countries, in France, at least, they have reached the point of caring not a fig for the common country. Old-fashioned patriotism is a virtue which they have .renounced, and be tween the advantage of the nation and that of their class they put the latter first. It is their declared policy 'to in vite conquest by foreign armies rather than submit to the disruption of the unions and the dictation of their em ployers, even when the employer is the state itself. Their, propaganda is international and they seem to have lost In large measure the feeling of nationality. Some such state of mind Is also developing among the German working classes but it has not reached anything like the same intensity as in France. What the present difficulty amounts to then is a struggle for ex istence between organized labor and the state. Nor Is the outcome so cer tain as it might, seem at first sight. France is a nation where political ex periments are more eagerly welcomed than In most others. Precedent has much less force there than with us. New ideas sometimes spread like wild fire from Paris to the Mediterranean, and it would not be surprising If. the novel concept of a country ruled by its working population through a confed eration of unions should seize upon the imagination of the people and act ually be carried into effect. What would follow from It nobody can say. It may be observed, though, that every step toward Increasing the number of employes In the pay of the government brings this country nearer to the prob lems which now confront the French, and the time is pretty certain to come when we must solve them In some way. bhall we reduce the government em ployes to the status of soldiers and make a strike a mutiny, or will the government take orders from its unionized workmen? We may as well be thinking about It for the question is one we shall have to answer. GOVERNMENT MISREPRESENTATION. Whenever Portland makes an effort to secure a Government warship hav ing a maximum draft of three or four feet less than the steamships which ply regularly In and out of the Colum bia River, it is turned down. These repeated refusals are backed up with the official statements that there is an insufficient depth of water on the bar. It has always been more or less of a mystery why the Government figures were so much smaller than those of the men who are constantly using the channel over the bar. Some of this mystery has been explained by the June Issue of the North Pacific pilot chart. In that publication, under the heading "Port Facilities," appears the following: on the bar were taken on entering and leaving, and when reduced to mean low water gave a depth of about 22.5 feet. (From Information furnished the Branch Hydrographlc Office, Portland, Oregon. March 17. 190O, through the courtesy of Captain G. w. J. Essen, of the steamer Geo. w. Elder.) The charts containing this informa tion are sent broadcast all over the world, and, bearing the stamp of the United States Government, are accept ed as reliable and trustworthy. Un fortunately for Portland, so far as the Columbia River bar Is concerned, they are far from accurate. The natural in ference on reading the official report quoted would be that the depth of water on the Columbia bar at mean low water March 17 was 22.6 feet. As a matter of fact, some of the best pilots and tugboatmen crossing the bar, both before and since that date, have reported more than 26 feet at dead low water, and it Is regarded as a certainty that the forthcoming Govern ment engineers' chart will show 2" or 2 8 feet of water. At the time Captain G. W. J. Essen, of the steamer Elder, reported 22.5 on the bar, big oil-tankers drawing 23 and 2 4 feet of water were crossing in at practically dead low water. If this able seaman who is making official reports which the United States Gov ernment is sending round the world to misrepresent the Columbia River had steered his course a little farther out of the channel, he would have found a still lesser depth. In fact, he could have run into soundings where even the little Elder, drawing 15 or 18 feet, would have bumped on the bottom. The North Pacific pilot chart is usually regarded as a valuable aid to navigation in the localities for which it gives information, but when it stands sponsor for the statement that there is but 22.5 feet of water on the Columbia bar It arouses a suspicion that some of the statesmen who voted to cut off its appropriation were right when they declared it "a worthless publication." Captain G. W. J. Essen should try a new course, or a new lead line. STORIES INTERESTING AND QUAINT. Episodes of primitive Oregon, as drawn from the memory and recorded by the pen of T, W. Davenport in the Oregon Historical Quarterly, furnish an interesting epitome of early days at the local seat of government. Like wise the somewhat crude recital of the "Life of a Country Boy" of that and a little later period in Oregon is de tailed most entertainingly by Homer Davenport in "Country Life" from month to month. Both recitals are straightforward, plain, without at tempt at fine writing, giving names and dates In connection with the events chronicled that bring the past in close touch with the "present, add greatly to the Interest of . the recital and furnish the strongest vouchers possible of the truth of the story. Throughout the story of pioneer boyhood as told by Davenport fils runs the quaint humor of the. man of the world, who looks back from his man hood's prime upon the delights and grotesque situations of a simple, un sophisticated country boyhood with unabated pleasure. The rugged de velopment of a past era finds expres sion in both recitals. The one is his tory, heretofore unwritten, of men and events that contributed to the mak ing of a state; the other is the some what exaggerated narrative of an er ratic, fun-loving, blundering boy who literally "rushed to meet the years" and did not whimper over the rude knocks received in the headlong en counter. No "fine writing" this, but it makes most entertaining reading. As - a presentment of what "Ella Wheeler Wilcox calls . . . Bold brigand health That broke -all laws of reason recklessly And laughed at caution; and that Joy of life ' Which writes -its music In the major key And will not listen to -a minor .strain the -story Is quaint, humorous and in the main true to life In Its time and place. Its conditions were not ac counted hardships by Homer Daven port andahis associates, but were ac cepted as "fun"; and the times in Which they- were set are not sched uled as "hard times." but as "fine times" Instead. Hunger was not then a privation, but an incident of daily life. All boys who alternately followed the plow and the bent of their own strenuous Inclinations were in a condi tion of chronic hunger. Ill-fitting, patched, outgrown cloth ing did not vex them. All boys wore such garments a greater part of the time, fortunate if they were relatively new upon the occasion of the annual Fourth of July celebration, with the sufficient garnishment of hollyhocks in the hatband and a red silk handker chief loosely knotted about the neck. Having enjoyed what they had without shamefacedness or complaint, the country boys of our earlier civilization look back from the summit of suc cessful manhood upon the environ ment of their boyhood with unfeigned pleasure. , Portlanders who are unacquainted with the best type of people who live In Seattle should refrain from general censure over the attempt of a few des picable knockers to belittle the Port land Rose Carnival. The famous "Se attle spirit," like charity, covers a mul titude of sins, and among the meanest of them is an ever-apparent desire to misrepresent Portland. Provincialism of this low type is not uncommon in small towns, and undoubtedly the best element In Seattle would like to see that city outgrow such methods. For all that, it might be well for the man agement of the Alaska-Yukon Exposi tion to make official protest against some of the slurs that Seattle citizens are casting at Portland. Some Port land people might get the impression that the Rose Carnival was more en titled to patronage than the Seattle fair and act accordingly. Fourteen Tennessee night riders, who were sentenced to ten days in jail and a fine of 2500 each, celebrated the verdict with a dance and banjo con cert. They were convicted of whip ping a judge who had rendered an ob jectionable verdict in a case where they had destroyed the property of a man who would not abide by their rules. The sentence, so lightly regard ed, will hardly have a deterrent effect and they will undoubtedly renew their campaign of lawlessness. Men who are so indifferent to the property rights of others as the night riders have shown themselves to be will not hesi tate to collect forcibly the amount of their fines from the hapless Individ uals who are at their mercy. In some respects Darkest Africa, by comparison with Darkest Tennessee, . is a fairly well-civilized part of the earth. Secretary Wilson is said to have been "called down" by the President for his wild statements regarding the wheat crop of the country. His vehe ment assertion on Monday that wheat was 40 cents per bushel too high, and that there was plenty of wheat in the country, was follpwed on Tuesday by a 2-cent advance in the market. Yes terday, when he maintained a clam like silence, the market declined more than a cent per- bushel. Meanwhile the cheapest grade of cash wheat that can be delivered on either May or July contracts is selling at 11.28 per bushel and No. 2 red Wlntenis scarce and dif. ficult to secure at $1.4 5 per bushel in Chicago, and at still higher prices in the Southwest. Latest reports from the Roosevelt slaughtering expedition report the kill ing of two giraffes. Of all the ani mals in jungle or on the plains of the Dark Continent, none are more gentle and harmless than these big-eyed, clean-coated beauties of the animal world. It requires a pretty strong lust for blood to induce an alleged sports man to put a bullet through one of these Inoffensive animals. Cotton advanced 21.40 per bale- in New York yesterday. It Is now up to Secretary Wilson to come to the front with a statement that it is many dol lars per bale too high and that the high price is the result of manipula tion, corners and other iniquitous prac tices of speculators. Thej who profess themselves the special custodians and guardians and defenders of the primary don't appear to advantage In an effort to set the pri mary and its results aside. Ah, breth ren! When two men insist on riding the same horse one of them must ride behind! Think of our neighbors of Western Washington accusing their visiting friends from' this, city of having brought rain with them! Generous as our people are, they are not likely to carry coals to Newcastle. They do say that General Hamilton wanted Mrs. Hazel Moore to live a good life. It must be conceded that he took extraordinary means to secure so desirable an end. ; Jeffries has threatened to "lick" Johnson on sight. But that would have a very depressing effect on the gate receipts- of the big fight. The most - unfortunate part of T. Cader Powell's reappointment Is that it is an undignified affront to .Oregon's United States Senators. The City Kngineer has discharged two Inspectors. They may Interview the discharged detectives before let ting go the payroll. - Mr. Roosevelt has likewise demon strated to a surprised world that all the lions are not in circus cages. Dr. Large is sued for divorce. Evi dently there has been either too much or too little "attending." Can any one advance a satisfactory reason why it should be called the Jef ferson High School? It is safe to say that no African lion would dare use the "shorter and uglier" word. POlk County lost -Its greatest citizen when "Uncle Bill" Brown went to his reward. ....... FAULTS OP DIRECT PRIMARIES New System Has Failed to Give the People Satisfactory U. S. Senators. Edward Insley in Sacramento Union. After a bitter contest, the New York Legislature has adjourned without enact ing a direct primary law. It is the fash ion to predict that the system will be. In use soon' throughout the country, but the suspicion obtrudes that the high-tide mark for the craxe has been reached, and that it will never extend east of the Missis sippi Valley. I may be wrong. Dem agogy .is a powerful force.' But the East is .conservative. It stood adamant against Populism and free silver. It failed to re spond -to the sophistries of the green backers. The East remembers better than the West that the very foundations of our Government rest upon the repre sentative system, and "it is slow to expert-. ment with new-fangled notions of a sub versive order. The East is likely to wait until direct nomination has justified itself by experience and practice. Will this come to pass? We hear from Wisconsin, Oregon. Illinois and other direct-nomination states about the imper fections of the law. We are told that it does not do what it was expected to do, and further that new evils have arisen in its wake which did not exist under the convention. "If the law remains it may be amended." they say. In the results of Senatorial contests the system should appear 'in the best possi ble light, for the reason that in every in stance the Senatorship has been the one office of many concerning which the pub lic was best informed, and upon which the reformers and independents have ex pended the most effort. Let us take stock of the victories and balance them with the defeats. I will omit the Democratic plutocrats in Oklahoma,- who spent great fortunes to win, because Oklahoma prop, erly belongs to the South, and the objec tions which apply to the direct primary in the North do not usually obtain in. the South. We will take the seven , Northern Diaies, in wnicn me direct primary was In force when Senators were chosen, Oregon, Kansas. 'Wisconsin. 'Illinois, South Dakota, Iowa and Washington. Oregon furnishes the first and most in teresting .example. Through the famous "Statement No. 1" it led the movement in the North. The two Senators now representing the state are Jonathan Bourne, Republican, and George E. Cham berlain. Democrat. Bourne is a million aire, always identified with the machine. He figured in Oregon politics during some of its most disreputable history. It has been asserted that under the old system which the direct primary replaced he would probably not have been s?nt to the United States Senate. However that may be, there Is no doubt that his wealth was a most potent factor in his success. In this a parallel Is found In old man Ste phenson, of Wisconsin, La Follette's financial backer. The campaign two years later resulted In the triumph of Chamberlain. The in cumbent, Fulton, was beaten In the Re publican primary by Judge Henry M. Cake, and Cake was beaten in the "State ment No. 1" vote by Chamberlain. Ad mitting for the sake of argument that Fulton would have won under the old plan, the anomally is presented of a Re publican state being represented by Democrat. Fulton may not have been true representative of the people of Ore gon; neither is Chamberlain. By a plu rality of more than 24.000 the voters of Oregon last November declared their al legiance to the Republican party on Na tional Issues. At the same time they were led to select a Democrat to repre sent them on these Issues in the National Government. Either Oregon is not a Re publican state, or the election of George Chamberlain "was an egregious blunder. It is entirely logical that Democratic Governors should be elected at times In Republican states. But when Oregon on one and the same day gives a big ma jority to the Republican National ticket and chooses a Democratic Senator, it Is evident that there is a screw loose some where in the practical workings of this beautiful theory of direct voting to reg ister the will of the people. The fact is that the animosities engendered by the direct primary work to the disadvantage of the majority party. They turn major ities into minorities. The reformers . are likely to point to Kansas as furnishing the best example of a clean-cut victory for the anti-ma chine- element in a Senatorial light. Mr. Bristow defeated Senator Long at the first direct primary in the state. But the "boss busters" overthrew the rul ing machine in the two previous cam palgns in Kansas without a direct prl mary law. There is no reason to be lieve that they would not have done the same thing last Fall if the law had never been enacted. There is no evi dence - to show that Bristow owes his success to the primary system. In Wisconsin, as in Kansas, the boss busters won repeatedly without the primary. The election of the aged mill ionaire Stephenson to the Senate re cently as La Follette's colleague, will not be regarded as a vindication for the La Follette brand of reform. Stephen son admitted, spending a quarter of a million dollars in the campaign. The use of money to Influence election was never so scandalously flagrant in Wis consin as it is now under the direct primary. k In Iowa, the boss busters were all with Governor Cummins when he con tested the Senatorship with Allison. 'Cummins had been repeatedly success ful against the old machine when the convention system was in vogue. But with the coming of the direct primary. he suffered his first defeats- Was- that a victory for the primary system? In the state of Washington, Con gressman Jones defeated Senator An keny." -Both were machine men. Those In touch with politics In Washington do not believe that Ankeny would have been given another term if the Legis lature had been left free as before. As It was. -the two machine candidates fought it out, and Jones won,' as h probably would have done anyhow. Governor Crawford won in South Dakota in a direct primary against Senator Kittridge. Crawford had cap tured the Republican state machine at the previous election and was a m chine candidate. . . The last example, and one of pecul iar Interest to California, is to be found in Illinois. The law regulating Senatorial nominations In that state is the same as the one recently enact ed in this state. The provisions for a district advisory vote which created so much discussion at the last session of our Legislature was taken from - the Illinois statute. Senator Hopkins was a candidate ' for re-elect'on. He was accused of being too. friendly to "the Interests." He belongs to the Aldrich wing of the party In the Senate, which the reformers denounce. The boss bus ters were all against him. But he won easily in the popular vote. The Legis lature, however, has balloted in joint session for three months without con firming the popular choice. Hopkins, simply because -the independents, un der the district advisory provision, re fuse to vote for him. It was freely charged in California that the district advisory amendment was adopted in the interests of the machine. The actual .working of the plan in Illinois proves the contrary, if it proves ar.ything. for - the failure of the machine candidate, Hopkins, to get the Senatorship Is due solely to the district advisory system. , But the real question is whether the victory of Hopkins in the direct popu lar vote is a vindication of the primary. Does the experience cf any Northern state In Senatorial nominations and elections justify the claims that have been so loudly and4 persistently made? If not, the conclusion Is inevitable that the direct primary has been a failure in practice. ' the beet sugar industry." Summary of Latest Report of Depart- meat of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson of the Department of Agriculture has replied to a resolution of inquiry from the Senate with some strik ing figures concerning the growth' of the beet sugar Industry in the United States. and some interesting estimates respecting its future possibilities. From six sugar beet factories in 1S96 with a total capacity for slicing 4000 tons of beets daily, to 64 factories in 1908, with a total capacity of 50,000 tons of beets daily, is the record of growth from the manufacturing stand-point. On the agri cultural side the figures show 364,000 tons of beets raised for sale to the factories in 1S98, for1 which the farmers received $1,- 564.000. Eight years later, in 1906. the crops consisted of 4,236,000 tons, bringing 21,6M,000. During the past 12 years the amount paid by the factories for sugar beets totaled tl21,000.000. Factories are In operation in 16 states, and there is $70.- 000,000 of capital Invested In plants alone. Secretary Wilson declares that demon strated conditions show an area of at least 274,000,000 acres favorable to beet culture and that it would require only one out of every 200 acres of this to pro duce all the sugar we now Import from other countries. Also It is estimated that if the sugar beet were grown throughout tnose portions of the United States adapt ed by nature and with the aid of irriga tion to its culture, with a system of ro tation Including the cultivation of the beet every fourth year, 15,000,000 tons of beet sugar could be produced In the United States annually, or more than the world's total production of sugar at the prasent time. A decade ago such declarations and es timates would have been regarded as highly romantic. GERMANY DOESNT WANT WAR Its Pocketbook Wont Admit of World Conflict With Great Britain. New York World. A north German merchant has been explaining to the London correspondent of the New York Tribune just why Ger many is not at the present time a legiti mate excuse for John Bull's hysterics. The reason, in a nutshell, is precisely the same as fhat which made the Japa nese war( scare in America rather fool ish. In other words, Germany cannot arrord a war. This merchant explained that he was paying in the form of imperial, state and local taxation 35 per cent of his annual earnings. He declares his is by no means an exceptional case, but that every busi ness man In the northern shipping towns is '.'bled in the same degree. It is said that tl25.000.000 a year add! tlonal revenue must be found merely to provide the necessities of peace. How, then, asks the German, are we to em bark upon the tremendous waste of mod ern warfare? The growth of German cities has in volved under the German administrative system enormous public expenditures. The astonishing growth of cities, which have doubled and trebled their popula tions in a generation or less, has neces sitated extraordinary investment In lm provements,- such as sewering, paving and lighting;. But it Is also to be considered that an enormously heavy burden is car ried in the minute administrative system characteristic of Germany. The army of officials, who oversee the citizen's activt ties from the cradle to the grave, is a costly luxury. It is, of course, possible that war might be precipitated between these two coun tries," just as France was forced into war In 1S70, despite the imperial government's knowledge of the army's unprepareaness. That is a tragic fact which surely ought to. quiet the voice- of clamor and bring into 'the policies of statesmen the deter mination to work upon all practical lines toward the day when civilization will no longer submit itself to the terrible arbit rament of war. GETTING CLOSE TO THE PEOPLE President Taft Wants to Lean From Them What They Need. Chicago Inter Ocean. The President is planning a - long Summer and Autumn Journey through the West and Northwest. He expects to meet great popular assemblages on the Pacific Coast, and to return through the Southwest and South. The opportunities afforded by such a tour will be highly useful to Mr. Taft, especially if improved as Mr. Taft seems likely to improve them. So far, Mr. Taft's spirit in his great office has been that it is not the Presi dent's place to do with the people what he thinks best for them, but to give the people opportunity to do through the President what they think best for themselves. We have had of late years a good deal of ruling by the Nation's chief magistrate a good deal of the as sumption that the President's offlce is the source of power, or at? least of initiative, and that It is for the peo ple to do just what the 'President thinks best for -them as long as he is President. There is .need that the people learn by personal contact with Mr. Taft that they have now a President who is not under this deluslon-X-who comes among them not to direct and instruct them, but to take counsel with them as the source of sovereign power. It will do the people good to feel that they have again a President who looks at them and himself in the spirit of Abraham Lincoln and of William Mc Klnley who regards himself not as their ruler, but as their chief servant. Therefore let Mr. Taft come to the source of power to the fountain whence flows the living and everlast ing vitality of the Republic. He . has not come yet as President, and the com ing will do him good and, through him, the country. Speaking no more than may be neces sary, but listening very carefully and attentively, giving all men his ear asd few his voice, Mr. Taft will learn much to his and the Nation's great advantage. The Harvest. Harper's Weekly. He picked the woman's pocket. .And he scooped hr portemonnale. As she struggled toward the counter At the Bargain -Matinee. Tes, he scooped the woman's wallet It was fat as it could be And he sat him down to divvy With his other pal and me. And this oh. horrid lot Oh. this, is what we got: Several bits of colored silk; A ticket for a quart of milk; Powder-puff for Madame's face; Inch or two of Irish lace: Pencil black for Madame's eye; Recipe for .pumpkin pie; ' Bit of verse on Coming spring;; Feather from a pigeon's wins; Ticket for a lecture on Women of the Parthenon": Memo, of much-needed things - "Ice-cream freezer, muffin rings. Shoes for Willie, hose for Jane, When I go to town again": - ,even hairpins and some slips Advertising "Rough on Hips"; Samples of a Scottish Plaid; And a New Tork Whirald "ad" Of a Butler Japonaise Vry anxious for a place; Notice' from a bank Cashier "Your account. Ma'am, doth appear, I regret to have to state. Overdrawn a dollar eight": Clipping from "a magazine Telling of a new machine Cutting housework square in two; One undated I. O. L". For one dollar underlined ' Which the maker hadn't signed. Relic of some little game Held In Charity's sweet name: Seat check for a matinee Held three weeks last Wed-nes-day; And in cash oh, thing of dread One punched nickel made of lead! Pocket-picking, seems to me. Ain't the trade it used to be! MOODS OP FADEREWSKI-MODJESKA Two Great Polish Artists Who Have Helped to Mould American Art. New York Sun. It would be difficult to say which member of the group of Polish artists who have become famous in this coun try in the course of the last generation was the greatest. The names of all of them . are things to conjure with. Paderewskl, Sembrich. the two De Reszkes and Modjeska all from that little woe - begirt, blood -. drenched country of Poland! What other nation of many times the material conse quence of Poland can show a group at all analogous? Mme. Modjeska, the oldest of this famous group, was the first to attain international prominence, which she did as an actress in her native land before she reached the age of 21. To the Poles she soon became the per sonification of the spirit of ljberty, so that her banisnment from Russian Poland was early decreed. Late in her life the ban was raised, but she never took advantage of this fact. In her native land the people speak of "Mod jeska Polish," just as In England It is "the king's English. ' Without her 'early advice and assist ance the world might never have come to know the De Reszkes. They were of a noble but impoverished family and Modjeska, coming to be interested in them, arranged a huge benefit in which, she acted herself in Cracow. The receipts were large and they went toward enabling the De Reszkes to prosecute their studies under the best masters. The two brothers never forgot the debt of gratitude they owed, any more than did Paderewski to whom the actress was also of muca help in his early and obscure days. One time when Mme. Modjeska was playing in London she suffered a se vere illness. It so happened that nil the other members of this famous Polish group were then in London and, they used to visit her nearly every dty) for the purpose of entertaining her, Paderewskl playing the most ravishing accompaniments, while Mme.- Sembriclt and the two De Reszkes sang. Mme. Modjeska in telling of those extraor dinary entertainments used to say that the great pianist always insisted on ending every selection,' no matter what, by turning it into the famous waits from "The Queen's Lace Handker chief." It also amused her to recall tne fact that other persons staying in the same hotel made some complaint at the of fice about what they called "those awful noises" proceeding from Mme. Modjeska's apartments. Xhey stopped complaining when they 'earned tnat the awful noises proceeded Irom, a quartet of the world's most famous musicians. Paderewskl, like the rest, remained the devoted friend of the actress to the very end. In March, 1903, Mme. Modjeska 'and her husband. Count Bozenta, were, staying with the Paderewskis at their chalet n Switzer land, and the actress wrote to a friend in this city the letter from whicii thesa excerpts are taken: "We are at this chateau with the dearest of men and his wife, ind feel very happy to be able to have them to ourselves these fewsdays of our stay here. The house is beautiful and large, with terraces, a garden and park, and is quite worthy of such people. "The view from our bedroom is sim ply gorgeous. We see the lake, the range of mountains, among- which reigns Mont Blanc, but her royal high ness, the most beautiful of mountains, is not every day visible to mortal eyif. She covers herself willingly with a veil of mist, and only in the mighty presence of the sun lifts it in recogni tion of the .greater power. "What do you say to this lucubra tion? Does it not sound like some sen tences translated from a German novel? I think it s the influence of Switzer land which makes me sentimental and eloquent, and then the sound of the piano! "Ah. would 'you not like to be here? The master, is composing a sonata, and works every morning and the greater part of the afternoon. I can hear every note from my room, but as his work is just now in the rough state I can not quite understand it. 1 only am ellghted to hear broken phrases sometimes full of divine beauty. Just now it is something caressing; in a moment there will be a storm of ac cords. "Mme. Paddy is most charming and hospitable, and a most fervent house keeper. She is everywhere and has enough time for the guests. In the evening we play whist, and Charles (Count Bozenta) tells funny anecdotes, and we all laugh at the old ones. "Then Paderewskl says something; amusing, and he is very witty and so passes the time. There is no con straint. I find that really great people are' the simple people that the pose and exaggerated dignity are only in- -dispensable to those who must remind the world of their existence. Our host Is one of the simplest minds, and one of the kindest." Movements of Japanese. The number of Japanese in the United States Is diminishing. The following statistics have been compiled by the Japanese government and addressed to the Consulate at Portland: Number of Japanese who left the U. S. A- during April, 1909 25a Number of Japanese, entered tle U. S. A. during April, 1909 194 Diminution during the month 59 Number of Japanese left the main land of the U. S. A.: February, 1909 213 March, 1909 377 April, 1909 253 Total . - 843 Number of Japanese .entered the main land of the II. S. A. : February. 1909 51 March, 1909 113 April, 1909... 194 Total 858 Diminution during last three months. 485 A FEW SQUIBS. "Many a fellow whd claims to be wedded to his art considers himself the better half. Philadelphia Record. '"My rood woman, is this, son you speak: of adolescent?" "Mercy on us. no. ma'am. He's Just cranky." Baltimore American. "So Algernon Is going to devote himself to poetry?" "Yes, but oniy after a season in the bankxl don't want the poor boy to die without even knowing what money feels like." Ufe. Yes sir," said the pompous Individual, I always pay cash for 'everything I get." "Dear, me," exclaimed the matter-of-fact person "Whafs the matter with your cred it?" Chicago Daily News. "Isn't It a shame to keep those poor lions caged?" "Lady." answered the keeper at the zoo. "they're much hajipier and safer there than they would be roaming the African jungles." Washington Star. "Poets are born and not made." "But they ain't born tagged." opined a rural philoso pher. "Their fathers consequentlyi hafter go ahead and eddicate 'em. jest as if they was going' to be good fer something." LouLsville Courier-Journal. "I have often heard, said the inquisitive foreigner, "of our aw 'race issue.' May I awsk what a race Issue is?" "Why. cert. It's any sportln" paper." answered the na tive. "Aw thanks." rejoined the foreigner, jotting It down in hie notebook. Chicago Tribune. "All right behind there?" called the con ductor from the front of the car. "Hold on." cried a shrill voice. "Wait till I get my clothes on.' The passengers craned their" necks expectantly. A small boy was strug gling to get a basket of laundry aboard. Puck. The American tourists were returning from abroad. "America expects every citizen to do his duty." read a patriotic inscription on the ship. The Americans read it and smiled. "Oh, we shall 'do the duty all right." they whispered. And then smuggling began that would have made the tariff biU look sick. Chicago Daily News. y 4ft