8
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY, MAY 13, 1909.
(Elje (Dmrnninn
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PORTLAND, THl'RSDAY. MAT 13, 10.
PROTECTION AND SHIP SIBSFDY.
If we have a tariff for protection
we can't have a tariff for revenue.
The two Ideas exclude each other. If,
In addition to other extraordinary
charges upon the Government, a heavy
ship subsidy is to be voted there will
be no way of getting the money but by
heavy taxes on imports, framed for
revenue, as taxes on articles of un
usual consumption not produced In our
own country and taxes on incomes.
Cut down the duties on commodities
like those of general production In our
own country, which would put down
local monopolies and tax those we
don't produce; then we shall get
revenue and beat the protected inter
ests that have so long been reveling in
extorted profits.
The extreme protectionists are those
most devoted to the policy of ship
subsidies. In this they are most illog
ical; for their doctrine of protection
never will furnish the money to sub
sidize ships for ocean commerce. But
they care not for the logic, so they get
the Government committed to the pol
icy. It is protectionist votes they want,
and they think it easy to fool people
who are devoted to this one idea.
At the December session the ship
subsidy, scheme will be pushed 'With
energy, and it may carry. The Presi
dent could arrest it If he would, but
his views on the subject are not well
known. If the policy should begin It
would be very difficult to discontinue
it, and yet it would be useless unless
permanent. It would not remove ex
isting handicaps on shipping by taking
away the causes which are rooted in
the high cost of construction and oper
ation of American ships, but would
simply aim to equalize conditions by
paying American owners a sum from
the treasury sufficient to make up
those handicaps. This sum, obtained
by taxation, would be lost economical
ly, of course, and would merely be a
factor in producing another great
group of very wealthy men. . The pol
icy is associated with protective tariff
only as one scheme of plunder Is nat
urally affixed to another.
THE SCHEME OF SOCIALISM.
The man at Berkeley, Cal., Mr. Ar
thur George, who says he has been a
Socialist fifteen years, and supposes
himself a philosopher of Vie cult, in
his letter to The Oregonlan, published
yesterday, wished to express his posi
tive dissent from The Oregonian's
statement of some ten days ago, that
"Socialism Is the negation of property
rights." He Insists that socialism
means simply "the operation of land
and capital for public use." This pro
test, denial pr explanation. Is only an
other proof of the fact that socialists
do- not think out to their necessary re
sults the course and consequence of
their own theory. For, when land and
capital are appropriated by the state
and operated for public use, what pri
vate property will be left except one's
dally dole, paid In scrip and good only
for the cheap bread and lodging and
clothing furnished by the state to all
men and women placed on an equality
of poverty and slavery?
For If men are not to possess land
and capital and operate them by their
own initiative, skill and energy, and for
their own profit; if the state Is to do
the business and absorb the profits
and every person is to be merely an
employe, at wages fixed by the state
how Is property, personal property,
private property, to exist? How Is the
natural and necessary waste to be
recreated? The state is to possess the
land and the capital and do the busi
ness, take the profits or proceeds and
distribute to each his dole. If this
isn't the negation of property, what
Is it? You may keep your old family
heirlooms that have no money value,
nothing else.
The Socialist scheme excludes
money also. Government being pro
prietor of all capital and all produc
tion, there will be no need or use of
money. Government being the pro
ducer and distributor of the goods and
directing all the labor, will pay the
workers In the products of their own
hands.You will get your pay then in
goods at "the company's store." You
will work precisely as directed by the
state and will get such pay as the state
may ordain. And yet, perhaps, you
will then not be happy.
You will have no productive capital.
The state will possess It. You will
have no land. The state will be the
owner. You will operate no machinery.
The state will do all- that. Isn't So
cialism, then, the negation of property
rights?
It may seem scarcely necessary to
expose such theory and its conse
quences. But there is a lot of theorists
advocating Socialism, who don't at all
comprehend their own scheme or its
consequences. They exist in consider
able numbers, even In, Oregon.
WORK OF THE GRANGE.
The thirty-fifth annual convention
of the Oregon State Grange met Tues
day in MeMinnville. The announce
ment recalls the early meetings of this
body and the names of many honored
men and women who did their day's
work earnestly and faithfully and
passed on. An Important factor in the
social and industrial life of the farmer
folk of the state has been this organi
zation all along the years. Its efforts
In the financial betterment of the ag
ricultural class have not always met
fruition. However, they have been
earnest and sincere. They have caused
farmers to think for themselves, read
for themselves, send their sons and
daughters to the State Agricultural
College, plan and make agricultural
exhibits, patronize farmers' institutes,
take a stand for good roads, recognize
woman's part in agricultural develop
ment and, in a multitude of other
ways, have left the Impress of organ
ized power upon the Intelligence and
growth of a generation. As far as the
work of the present session has been
outlined it will be along lines similar
to those above enumerated. That the
meeting has been interesting and prof
itable cannot be doubted.
PORTLAND, A RAILROAD CENTER.
Mr. Hill was somewhat slow In rec
ognizing the matchless advantages of
the water-level grades and short routes
to the Coast which were afforded only
by the Portland route through the
Cascade Mountains. For many years
after his great rival, Mr. Harriman,
had been enjoying these advantages,
Mr. Hill continued at an enormously
greater cost per ton per mile to lift
traffic over the Cascade Mountains. The
building of the North Bank road, how
ever, has changed the traffic routes of
the entire Northwest, and in the
change Portland looms larger than
ever on the railroad map. As all
roads led to Rome In the old days, so
all railroads lead to Portland. At no
other point 'between Mexico and Alas
ka can that vast stream of traffic
which flows overland between the two
oceans And as easy and as natural an
outlet to and from the Pacific as
through the Columbia - Gorge, with
Portland at the foot of this water-level
haul and at the head of navigation for
ocean carriers.
Mr. Hill's North Bank road has not
yet been In operation long enough to
get the rust off the rails, but its ad
vantages over the mountain routes
over which his trains have been lifted
for so many years have been fully
demonstrated. As a. result of that
demonstration, more transcontinental
passenger trains run out of Portland
than out of any other port on the Pa
cific Coast. The coming of the Hill
lines brought on competition, not the
tame and insipid competition that ex
isted between the Union and Southern
Pacific, owned and operated by the
same interests, but real, live competi
tion that was reflected in more trains,
faster trains and a general Improve
ment in the service. Portland has not
only been favored with more trans
continental trains than are operated in
and out of any other Pacific Coast
city, but its local train service has
been doubled and trebled since Mr. Hill
discovered the water-level route about
three years ago.
New and faster trains are going into
service on all of the local routes out of
the city, and Portland is thus enabled
to reach both new and old trade terri
tory much more " advantageously
than ever before.' Mr. Harrlman's re
cent acquisition of a large interest in
the New York Central has enabled
him to work out that long-predicted
"ocean-to-ocean" service under one
control, and it will soon be possible
to ride from Portland to New York In
but little more than 3 days. With
the improved service, now in opera
tion or about to be started, there re
mains little to be asked on the routes
now covered. There still remains to
come, however, a vast amount of de
velopment through feeders which will
not only supply business for the trans
contintntal lines, but also for the local
lines.
These feeders; which' must penetrate
the coast country and Central Oregon,
are all that are needed to make Fort
land the greatest railroad center on
the Pacific Coast, and in view of the
millions which both the Hill and the
Harriman lines are spending for ter
minals and other betterments In this
vicinity, there is no question about the
ultimate destiny of this city.
FRENCH VNIONS AND THE STATE.
Nations like France and Italy which
have become heavy employers of la
bor through' government ownership
and operation of 'public utilities are
confronted with difficulties which the
United States has thus far escaped
Here we have labor troubles in abund
ance, but they are largely private af
fairs. The public is interested, but
only through the disturbance of trade
and industry, not because the ma
chinery of government is threatened.
As long as labor is employed only by
private individuals or corporations the
general stability of the government is
not impaired by a strike no matter
how extensive It may be. But when
Industry has become a function of the
state and the employes have become
puDiic servants tnen it is airneuit to
draw a clear distinction between a
strike and a conspiracy against the
nation. Italy was perplexed by this
difficulty in the recent strike of its
railway employes and overcame it in
the end by treating the refractory
women very much as If they had been
mutinous troops. What other course
was open to the government? The
question -which Italy had to face then
and which France has to face now is
really a very simple one, "Shall the
state control its employes or shall the
employes control the state?"
In France organized labor is stronger
than in Italy or any other European
nation. This may appear surprising
when the fact is added that the unions
include only some fifteen per cent of
the working population, but it is still
true. Small numerically as the unions
are they have managed to acquire
great power through a complete organ
ization. They are combined in a
union of unions known as the "Confed
eration Generale des Travailleurs'
which is managed by a small and ca
pable coterie and which commands the
unswerving loyalty of its members. Of
course, the Influence of the confedera
tlon among the working population
vastly exceeds its membership. It has
got into trouble with the government
through its efforts to enroll the state
employes in the telegraphs, railroads
and postoffices. To this the ministry
objects on the ground that it would
establish a state within a state and -introduce
such conflict of authority that
anarchy would ensue. The public em
ployes assert their right to Join the
confederation and are organizing a
general strike to maintain it.
It would be an error to confuse this
movement among the state employes of
France wfth socialism. There is strong
sympathy between the socialists and
the labor unions in that country, as
there is everywhere else, and in case
of open trouble between the state and
the confederation the socialists would
be against the government; still the
methods of-open violence and the gen
eral strike are not part of the socialist
programme in France. The socialists
do not in any country defy the. gov
ernment. On the contrary their method
Is by what they humorously call "edu
cation" to convert the voters and thus
gain possession of the power of the
state which they will then use for their 1
own" purposes. They throw their in- !
fluence with the striking workmen, i
however, for two reasons. One is that
they are willing to fish in troubled J
waters and catch what they can. The j
other, that they systematically improve
every opportunity to display their af
fection for the working class and dem
onstrate their devotion to -its interests.
It follows that the French cabinet
now has practically on its hands a
struggle with organized labor and the
socialists in close alliance.
Whatever the sentiment of organized
labor and the socialists may be in
other countries, in France, at least,
they have reached the point of caring
not a fig for the common country.
Old-fashioned patriotism is a virtue
which they have .renounced, and be
tween the advantage of the nation and
that of their class they put the latter
first. It is their declared policy 'to in
vite conquest by foreign armies rather
than submit to the disruption of the
unions and the dictation of their em
ployers, even when the employer is
the state itself. Their, propaganda is
international and they seem to have
lost In large measure the feeling of
nationality. Some such state of mind
Is also developing among the German
working classes but it has not reached
anything like the same intensity as in
France. What the present difficulty
amounts to then is a struggle for ex
istence between organized labor and
the state. Nor Is the outcome so cer
tain as it might, seem at first sight.
France is a nation where political ex
periments are more eagerly welcomed
than In most others. Precedent has
much less force there than with us.
New ideas sometimes spread like wild
fire from Paris to the Mediterranean,
and it would not be surprising If. the
novel concept of a country ruled by its
working population through a confed
eration of unions should seize upon
the imagination of the people and act
ually be carried into effect. What
would follow from It nobody can say.
It may be observed, though, that every
step toward Increasing the number of
employes In the pay of the government
brings this country nearer to the prob
lems which now confront the French,
and the time is pretty certain to come
when we must solve them In some way.
bhall we reduce the government em
ployes to the status of soldiers and
make a strike a mutiny, or will the
government take orders from its
unionized workmen? We may as well
be thinking about It for the question
is one we shall have to answer.
GOVERNMENT MISREPRESENTATION.
Whenever Portland makes an effort
to secure a Government warship hav
ing a maximum draft of three or four
feet less than the steamships which
ply regularly In and out of the Colum
bia River, it is turned down. These
repeated refusals are backed up with
the official statements that there is an
insufficient depth of water on the bar.
It has always been more or less of a
mystery why the Government figures
were so much smaller than those of
the men who are constantly using the
channel over the bar. Some of this
mystery has been explained by the
June Issue of the North Pacific pilot
chart. In that publication, under the
heading "Port Facilities," appears the
following:
on the bar were taken on entering and
leaving, and when reduced to mean low
water gave a depth of about 22.5 feet.
(From Information furnished the Branch
Hydrographlc Office, Portland, Oregon.
March 17. 190O, through the courtesy of
Captain G. w. J. Essen, of the steamer
Geo. w. Elder.)
The charts containing this informa
tion are sent broadcast all over the
world, and, bearing the stamp of the
United States Government, are accept
ed as reliable and trustworthy. Un
fortunately for Portland, so far as the
Columbia River bar Is concerned, they
are far from accurate. The natural in
ference on reading the official report
quoted would be that the depth of
water on the Columbia bar at mean
low water March 17 was 22.6 feet. As
a matter of fact, some of the best
pilots and tugboatmen crossing the
bar, both before and since that date,
have reported more than 26 feet at
dead low water, and it Is regarded as a
certainty that the forthcoming Govern
ment engineers' chart will show 2" or
2 8 feet of water.
At the time Captain G. W. J. Essen,
of the steamer Elder, reported 22.5
on the bar, big oil-tankers drawing 23
and 2 4 feet of water were crossing in
at practically dead low water. If this
able seaman who is making official
reports which the United States Gov
ernment is sending round the world to
misrepresent the Columbia River had
steered his course a little farther out of
the channel, he would have found a
still lesser depth. In fact, he could
have run into soundings where even
the little Elder, drawing 15 or 18 feet,
would have bumped on the bottom.
The North Pacific pilot chart is
usually regarded as a valuable aid to
navigation in the localities for which it
gives information, but when it stands
sponsor for the statement that there is
but 22.5 feet of water on the Columbia
bar It arouses a suspicion that some of
the statesmen who voted to cut off its
appropriation were right when they
declared it "a worthless publication."
Captain G. W. J. Essen should try a
new course, or a new lead line.
STORIES INTERESTING AND QUAINT.
Episodes of primitive Oregon, as
drawn from the memory and recorded
by the pen of T, W. Davenport in the
Oregon Historical Quarterly, furnish
an interesting epitome of early days at
the local seat of government. Like
wise the somewhat crude recital of the
"Life of a Country Boy" of that and a
little later period in Oregon is de
tailed most entertainingly by Homer
Davenport in "Country Life" from
month to month. Both recitals are
straightforward, plain, without at
tempt at fine writing, giving names
and dates In connection with the
events chronicled that bring the past
in close touch with the "present, add
greatly to the Interest of . the recital
and furnish the strongest vouchers
possible of the truth of the story.
Throughout the story of pioneer
boyhood as told by Davenport fils runs
the quaint humor of the. man of the
world, who looks back from his man
hood's prime upon the delights and
grotesque situations of a simple, un
sophisticated country boyhood with
unabated pleasure. The rugged de
velopment of a past era finds expres
sion in both recitals. The one is his
tory, heretofore unwritten, of men and
events that contributed to the mak
ing of a state; the other is the some
what exaggerated narrative of an er
ratic, fun-loving, blundering boy who
literally "rushed to meet the years"
and did not whimper over the rude
knocks received in the headlong en
counter. No "fine writing" this, but
it makes most entertaining reading.
As - a presentment of what "Ella
Wheeler Wilcox calls
. . . Bold brigand health
That broke -all laws of reason recklessly
And laughed at caution; and that Joy of
life '
Which writes -its music In the major key
And will not listen to -a minor .strain
the -story Is quaint, humorous and in
the main true to life In Its time and
place. Its conditions were not ac
counted hardships by Homer Daven
port andahis associates, but were ac
cepted as "fun"; and the times in
Which they- were set are not sched
uled as "hard times." but as "fine
times" Instead. Hunger was not then
a privation, but an incident of daily
life. All boys who alternately followed
the plow and the bent of their own
strenuous Inclinations were in a condi
tion of chronic hunger.
Ill-fitting, patched, outgrown cloth
ing did not vex them. All boys wore
such garments a greater part of the
time, fortunate if they were relatively
new upon the occasion of the annual
Fourth of July celebration, with the
sufficient garnishment of hollyhocks in
the hatband and a red silk handker
chief loosely knotted about the neck.
Having enjoyed what they had without
shamefacedness or complaint, the
country boys of our earlier civilization
look back from the summit of suc
cessful manhood upon the environ
ment of their boyhood with unfeigned
pleasure. ,
Portlanders who are unacquainted
with the best type of people who live
In Seattle should refrain from general
censure over the attempt of a few des
picable knockers to belittle the Port
land Rose Carnival. The famous "Se
attle spirit," like charity, covers a mul
titude of sins, and among the meanest
of them is an ever-apparent desire to
misrepresent Portland. Provincialism
of this low type is not uncommon in
small towns, and undoubtedly the best
element In Seattle would like to see
that city outgrow such methods. For
all that, it might be well for the man
agement of the Alaska-Yukon Exposi
tion to make official protest against
some of the slurs that Seattle citizens
are casting at Portland. Some Port
land people might get the impression
that the Rose Carnival was more en
titled to patronage than the Seattle
fair and act accordingly.
Fourteen Tennessee night riders,
who were sentenced to ten days in jail
and a fine of 2500 each, celebrated the
verdict with a dance and banjo con
cert. They were convicted of whip
ping a judge who had rendered an ob
jectionable verdict in a case where
they had destroyed the property of a
man who would not abide by their
rules. The sentence, so lightly regard
ed, will hardly have a deterrent effect
and they will undoubtedly renew their
campaign of lawlessness. Men who
are so indifferent to the property rights
of others as the night riders have
shown themselves to be will not hesi
tate to collect forcibly the amount of
their fines from the hapless Individ
uals who are at their mercy. In some
respects Darkest Africa, by comparison
with Darkest Tennessee, . is a fairly
well-civilized part of the earth.
Secretary Wilson is said to have
been "called down" by the President
for his wild statements regarding the
wheat crop of the country. His vehe
ment assertion on Monday that wheat
was 40 cents per bushel too high, and
that there was plenty of wheat in the
country, was follpwed on Tuesday by
a 2-cent advance in the market. Yes
terday, when he maintained a clam
like silence, the market declined more
than a cent per- bushel. Meanwhile
the cheapest grade of cash wheat that
can be delivered on either May or July
contracts is selling at 11.28 per bushel
and No. 2 red Wlntenis scarce and dif.
ficult to secure at $1.4 5 per bushel in
Chicago, and at still higher prices in
the Southwest.
Latest reports from the Roosevelt
slaughtering expedition report the kill
ing of two giraffes. Of all the ani
mals in jungle or on the plains of the
Dark Continent, none are more gentle
and harmless than these big-eyed,
clean-coated beauties of the animal
world. It requires a pretty strong lust
for blood to induce an alleged sports
man to put a bullet through one of
these Inoffensive animals.
Cotton advanced 21.40 per bale- in
New York yesterday. It Is now up to
Secretary Wilson to come to the front
with a statement that it is many dol
lars per bale too high and that the
high price is the result of manipula
tion, corners and other iniquitous prac
tices of speculators.
Thej who profess themselves the
special custodians and guardians and
defenders of the primary don't appear
to advantage In an effort to set the pri
mary and its results aside. Ah, breth
ren! When two men insist on riding
the same horse one of them must ride
behind!
Think of our neighbors of Western
Washington accusing their visiting
friends from' this, city of having
brought rain with them! Generous as
our people are, they are not likely to
carry coals to Newcastle.
They do say that General Hamilton
wanted Mrs. Hazel Moore to live a
good life. It must be conceded that
he took extraordinary means to secure
so desirable an end. ;
Jeffries has threatened to "lick"
Johnson on sight. But that would
have a very depressing effect on the
gate receipts- of the big fight.
The most - unfortunate part of T.
Cader Powell's reappointment Is that
it is an undignified affront to .Oregon's
United States Senators.
The City Kngineer has discharged
two Inspectors. They may Interview
the discharged detectives before let
ting go the payroll. -
Mr. Roosevelt has likewise demon
strated to a surprised world that all
the lions are not in circus cages.
Dr. Large is sued for divorce. Evi
dently there has been either too much
or too little "attending."
Can any one advance a satisfactory
reason why it should be called the Jef
ferson High School?
It is safe to say that no African lion
would dare use the "shorter and
uglier" word.
POlk County lost -Its greatest citizen
when "Uncle Bill" Brown went to his
reward. .......
FAULTS OP DIRECT PRIMARIES
New System Has Failed to Give the
People Satisfactory U. S. Senators.
Edward Insley in Sacramento Union.
After a bitter contest, the New York
Legislature has adjourned without enact
ing a direct primary law. It is the fash
ion to predict that the system will be. In
use soon' throughout the country, but the
suspicion obtrudes that the high-tide mark
for the craxe has been reached, and that
it will never extend east of the Missis
sippi Valley. I may be wrong. Dem
agogy .is a powerful force.' But the East
is .conservative. It stood adamant against
Populism and free silver. It failed to re
spond -to the sophistries of the green
backers. The East remembers better
than the West that the very foundations
of our Government rest upon the repre
sentative system, and "it is slow to expert-.
ment with new-fangled notions of a sub
versive order. The East is likely to wait
until direct nomination has justified
itself by experience and practice.
Will this come to pass? We hear from
Wisconsin, Oregon. Illinois and other direct-nomination
states about the imper
fections of the law. We are told that
it does not do what it was expected to
do, and further that new evils have arisen
in its wake which did not exist under
the convention. "If the law remains it
may be amended." they say.
In the results of Senatorial contests the
system should appear 'in the best possi
ble light, for the reason that in every in
stance the Senatorship has been the one
office of many concerning which the pub
lic was best informed, and upon which
the reformers and independents have ex
pended the most effort. Let us take stock
of the victories and balance them with
the defeats. I will omit the Democratic
plutocrats in Oklahoma,- who spent great
fortunes to win, because Oklahoma prop,
erly belongs to the South, and the objec
tions which apply to the direct primary
in the North do not usually obtain in. the
South. We will take the seven , Northern
Diaies, in wnicn me direct primary
was In force when Senators were chosen,
Oregon, Kansas. 'Wisconsin. 'Illinois,
South Dakota, Iowa and Washington.
Oregon furnishes the first and most in
teresting .example. Through the famous
"Statement No. 1" it led the movement
in the North. The two Senators now
representing the state are Jonathan
Bourne, Republican, and George E. Cham
berlain. Democrat. Bourne is a million
aire, always identified with the machine.
He figured in Oregon politics during some
of its most disreputable history. It has
been asserted that under the old system
which the direct primary replaced he
would probably not have been s?nt to the
United States Senate. However that may
be, there Is no doubt that his wealth was
a most potent factor in his success. In
this a parallel Is found In old man Ste
phenson, of Wisconsin, La Follette's
financial backer.
The campaign two years later resulted
In the triumph of Chamberlain. The in
cumbent, Fulton, was beaten In the Re
publican primary by Judge Henry M.
Cake, and Cake was beaten in the "State
ment No. 1" vote by Chamberlain. Ad
mitting for the sake of argument that
Fulton would have won under the old
plan, the anomally is presented of a Re
publican state being represented by
Democrat. Fulton may not have been
true representative of the people of Ore
gon; neither is Chamberlain. By a plu
rality of more than 24.000 the voters of
Oregon last November declared their al
legiance to the Republican party on Na
tional Issues. At the same time they
were led to select a Democrat to repre
sent them on these Issues in the National
Government. Either Oregon is not a Re
publican state, or the election of George
Chamberlain "was an egregious blunder.
It is entirely logical that Democratic
Governors should be elected at times In
Republican states. But when Oregon on
one and the same day gives a big ma
jority to the Republican National ticket
and chooses a Democratic Senator, it Is
evident that there is a screw loose some
where in the practical workings of this
beautiful theory of direct voting to reg
ister the will of the people. The fact is
that the animosities engendered by the
direct primary work to the disadvantage
of the majority party. They turn major
ities into minorities.
The reformers . are likely to point to
Kansas as furnishing the best example
of a clean-cut victory for the anti-ma
chine- element in a Senatorial light. Mr.
Bristow defeated Senator Long at the
first direct primary in the state. But
the "boss busters" overthrew the rul
ing machine in the two previous cam
palgns in Kansas without a direct prl
mary law. There is no reason to be
lieve that they would not have done
the same thing last Fall if the law had
never been enacted. There is no evi
dence - to show that Bristow owes his
success to the primary system.
In Wisconsin, as in Kansas, the boss
busters won repeatedly without the
primary. The election of the aged mill
ionaire Stephenson to the Senate re
cently as La Follette's colleague, will
not be regarded as a vindication for the
La Follette brand of reform. Stephen
son admitted, spending a quarter of a
million dollars in the campaign. The
use of money to Influence election was
never so scandalously flagrant in Wis
consin as it is now under the direct
primary. k
In Iowa, the boss busters were all
with Governor Cummins when he con
tested the Senatorship with Allison.
'Cummins had been repeatedly success
ful against the old machine when the
convention system was in vogue. But
with the coming of the direct primary.
he suffered his first defeats- Was- that
a victory for the primary system?
In the state of Washington, Con
gressman Jones defeated Senator An
keny." -Both were machine men. Those
In touch with politics In Washington
do not believe that Ankeny would have
been given another term if the Legis
lature had been left free as before.
As It was. -the two machine candidates
fought it out, and Jones won,' as h
probably would have done anyhow.
Governor Crawford won in South
Dakota in a direct primary against
Senator Kittridge. Crawford had cap
tured the Republican state machine at
the previous election and was a m
chine candidate. . .
The last example, and one of pecul
iar Interest to California, is to be
found in Illinois. The law regulating
Senatorial nominations In that state
is the same as the one recently enact
ed in this state. The provisions for a
district advisory vote which created so
much discussion at the last session of
our Legislature was taken from - the
Illinois statute. Senator Hopkins was
a candidate ' for re-elect'on. He was
accused of being too. friendly to "the
Interests." He belongs to the Aldrich
wing of the party In the Senate, which
the reformers denounce. The boss bus
ters were all against him. But he won
easily in the popular vote. The Legis
lature, however, has balloted in joint
session for three months without con
firming the popular choice. Hopkins,
simply because -the independents, un
der the district advisory provision, re
fuse to vote for him.
It was freely charged in California
that the district advisory amendment
was adopted in the interests of the
machine. The actual .working of the
plan in Illinois proves the contrary,
if it proves ar.ything. for - the failure
of the machine candidate, Hopkins, to
get the Senatorship Is due solely to the
district advisory system. ,
But the real question is whether the
victory of Hopkins in the direct popu
lar vote is a vindication of the primary.
Does the experience cf any Northern
state In Senatorial nominations and
elections justify the claims that have
been so loudly and4 persistently made?
If not, the conclusion Is inevitable that
the direct primary has been a failure
in practice. '
the beet sugar industry."
Summary of Latest Report of Depart-
meat of Agriculture.
Secretary Wilson of the Department of
Agriculture has replied to a resolution of
inquiry from the Senate with some strik
ing figures concerning the growth' of the
beet sugar Industry in the United States.
and some interesting estimates respecting
its future possibilities.
From six sugar beet factories in 1S96
with a total capacity for slicing 4000 tons
of beets daily, to 64 factories in 1908, with
a total capacity of 50,000 tons of beets
daily, is the record of growth from the
manufacturing stand-point. On the agri
cultural side the figures show 364,000 tons
of beets raised for sale to the factories in
1S98, for1 which the farmers received $1,-
564.000. Eight years later, in 1906. the
crops consisted of 4,236,000 tons, bringing
21,6M,000. During the past 12 years the
amount paid by the factories for sugar
beets totaled tl21,000.000. Factories are In
operation in 16 states, and there is $70.-
000,000 of capital Invested In plants alone.
Secretary Wilson declares that demon
strated conditions show an area of at
least 274,000,000 acres favorable to beet
culture and that it would require only
one out of every 200 acres of this to pro
duce all the sugar we now Import from
other countries. Also It is estimated that
if the sugar beet were grown throughout
tnose portions of the United States adapt
ed by nature and with the aid of irriga
tion to its culture, with a system of ro
tation Including the cultivation of the
beet every fourth year, 15,000,000 tons of
beet sugar could be produced In the
United States annually, or more than
the world's total production of sugar at
the prasent time.
A decade ago such declarations and es
timates would have been regarded as
highly romantic.
GERMANY DOESNT WANT WAR
Its Pocketbook Wont Admit of World
Conflict With Great Britain.
New York World.
A north German merchant has been
explaining to the London correspondent
of the New York Tribune just why Ger
many is not at the present time a legiti
mate excuse for John Bull's hysterics.
The reason, in a nutshell, is precisely
the same as fhat which made the Japa
nese war( scare in America rather fool
ish. In other words, Germany cannot
arrord a war.
This merchant explained that he was
paying in the form of imperial, state and
local taxation 35 per cent of his annual
earnings. He declares his is by no means
an exceptional case, but that every busi
ness man In the northern shipping towns
is '.'bled in the same degree.
It is said that tl25.000.000 a year add!
tlonal revenue must be found merely to
provide the necessities of peace. How,
then, asks the German, are we to em
bark upon the tremendous waste of mod
ern warfare?
The growth of German cities has in
volved under the German administrative
system enormous public expenditures.
The astonishing growth of cities, which
have doubled and trebled their popula
tions in a generation or less, has neces
sitated extraordinary investment In lm
provements,- such as sewering, paving and
lighting;. But it Is also to be considered
that an enormously heavy burden is car
ried in the minute administrative system
characteristic of Germany. The army of
officials, who oversee the citizen's activt
ties from the cradle to the grave, is a
costly luxury.
It is, of course, possible that war might
be precipitated between these two coun
tries," just as France was forced into war
In 1S70, despite the imperial government's
knowledge of the army's unprepareaness.
That is a tragic fact which surely ought
to. quiet the voice- of clamor and bring
into 'the policies of statesmen the deter
mination to work upon all practical lines
toward the day when civilization will no
longer submit itself to the terrible arbit
rament of war.
GETTING CLOSE TO THE PEOPLE
President Taft Wants to Lean From
Them What They Need.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The President is planning a - long
Summer and Autumn Journey through
the West and Northwest. He expects
to meet great popular assemblages on
the Pacific Coast, and to return through
the Southwest and South.
The opportunities afforded by such a
tour will be highly useful to Mr. Taft,
especially if improved as Mr. Taft
seems likely to improve them.
So far, Mr. Taft's spirit in his great
office has been that it is not the Presi
dent's place to do with the people
what he thinks best for them, but to
give the people opportunity to do
through the President what they think
best for themselves.
We have had of late years a good
deal of ruling by the Nation's chief
magistrate a good deal of the as
sumption that the President's offlce
is the source of power, or at? least of
initiative, and that It is for the peo
ple to do just what the 'President
thinks best for -them as long as he is
President.
There is .need that the people learn
by personal contact with Mr. Taft that
they have now a President who is not
under this deluslon-X-who comes among
them not to direct and instruct them,
but to take counsel with them as the
source of sovereign power.
It will do the people good to feel
that they have again a President who
looks at them and himself in the spirit
of Abraham Lincoln and of William Mc
Klnley who regards himself not as
their ruler, but as their chief servant.
Therefore let Mr. Taft come to the
source of power to the fountain
whence flows the living and everlast
ing vitality of the Republic. He . has
not come yet as President, and the com
ing will do him good and, through him,
the country.
Speaking no more than may be neces
sary, but listening very carefully and
attentively, giving all men his ear asd
few his voice, Mr. Taft will learn much
to his and the Nation's great advantage.
The Harvest.
Harper's Weekly.
He picked the woman's pocket.
.And he scooped hr portemonnale.
As she struggled toward the counter
At the Bargain -Matinee.
Tes, he scooped the woman's wallet
It was fat as it could be
And he sat him down to divvy
With his other pal and me.
And this oh. horrid lot
Oh. this, is what we got:
Several bits of colored silk;
A ticket for a quart of milk;
Powder-puff for Madame's face;
Inch or two of Irish lace:
Pencil black for Madame's eye;
Recipe for .pumpkin pie;
' Bit of verse on Coming spring;;
Feather from a pigeon's wins;
Ticket for a lecture on
Women of the Parthenon":
Memo, of much-needed things -
"Ice-cream freezer, muffin rings.
Shoes for Willie, hose for Jane,
When I go to town again":
- ,even hairpins and some slips
Advertising "Rough on Hips";
Samples of a Scottish Plaid;
And a New Tork Whirald "ad"
Of a Butler Japonaise
Vry anxious for a place;
Notice' from a bank Cashier
"Your account. Ma'am, doth appear,
I regret to have to state.
Overdrawn a dollar eight":
Clipping from "a magazine
Telling of a new machine
Cutting housework square in two;
One undated I. O. L".
For one dollar underlined '
Which the maker hadn't signed.
Relic of some little game
Held In Charity's sweet name:
Seat check for a matinee
Held three weeks last Wed-nes-day;
And in cash oh, thing of dread
One punched nickel made of lead!
Pocket-picking, seems to me.
Ain't the trade it used to be!
MOODS OP FADEREWSKI-MODJESKA
Two Great Polish Artists Who Have
Helped to Mould American Art.
New York Sun.
It would be difficult to say which
member of the group of Polish artists
who have become famous in this coun
try in the course of the last generation
was the greatest. The names of all of
them . are things to conjure with.
Paderewskl, Sembrich. the two De
Reszkes and Modjeska all from that
little woe - begirt, blood -. drenched
country of Poland! What other nation
of many times the material conse
quence of Poland can show a group at
all analogous?
Mme. Modjeska, the oldest of this
famous group, was the first to attain
international prominence, which she
did as an actress in her native land
before she reached the age of 21. To
the Poles she soon became the per
sonification of the spirit of ljberty,
so that her banisnment from Russian
Poland was early decreed. Late in her
life the ban was raised, but she never
took advantage of this fact. In her
native land the people speak of "Mod
jeska Polish," just as In England It is
"the king's English. '
Without her 'early advice and assist
ance the world might never have come
to know the De Reszkes. They were of
a noble but impoverished family and
Modjeska, coming to be interested in
them, arranged a huge benefit in which,
she acted herself in Cracow.
The receipts were large and they
went toward enabling the De Reszkes
to prosecute their studies under the
best masters. The two brothers never
forgot the debt of gratitude they
owed, any more than did Paderewski
to whom the actress was also of muca
help in his early and obscure days.
One time when Mme. Modjeska was
playing in London she suffered a se
vere illness. It so happened that nil
the other members of this famous
Polish group were then in London and,
they used to visit her nearly every dty)
for the purpose of entertaining her,
Paderewskl playing the most ravishing
accompaniments, while Mme.- Sembriclt
and the two De Reszkes sang. Mme.
Modjeska in telling of those extraor
dinary entertainments used to say that
the great pianist always insisted on
ending every selection,' no matter what,
by turning it into the famous waits
from "The Queen's Lace Handker
chief." It also amused her to recall tne fact
that other persons staying in the same
hotel made some complaint at the of
fice about what they called "those
awful noises" proceeding from Mme.
Modjeska's apartments. Xhey stopped
complaining when they 'earned tnat
the awful noises proceeded Irom, a
quartet of the world's most famous
musicians.
Paderewskl, like the rest, remained
the devoted friend of the actress to
the very end. In March, 1903, Mme.
Modjeska 'and her husband. Count
Bozenta, were, staying with the
Paderewskis at their chalet n Switzer
land, and the actress wrote to a friend
in this city the letter from whicii thesa
excerpts are taken:
"We are at this chateau with the
dearest of men and his wife, ind feel
very happy to be able to have them
to ourselves these fewsdays of our stay
here. The house is beautiful and large,
with terraces, a garden and park, and
is quite worthy of such people.
"The view from our bedroom is sim
ply gorgeous. We see the lake, the
range of mountains, among- which
reigns Mont Blanc, but her royal high
ness, the most beautiful of mountains,
is not every day visible to mortal eyif.
She covers herself willingly with a
veil of mist, and only in the mighty
presence of the sun lifts it in recogni
tion of the .greater power.
"What do you say to this lucubra
tion? Does it not sound like some sen
tences translated from a German novel?
I think it s the influence of Switzer
land which makes me sentimental and
eloquent, and then the sound of the
piano!
"Ah. would 'you not like to be here?
The master, is composing a sonata, and
works every morning and the greater
part of the afternoon. I can hear every
note from my room, but as his work
is just now in the rough state I can
not quite understand it. 1 only am
ellghted to hear broken phrases
sometimes full of divine beauty. Just
now it is something caressing; in a
moment there will be a storm of ac
cords. "Mme. Paddy is most charming and
hospitable, and a most fervent house
keeper. She is everywhere and has
enough time for the guests. In the
evening we play whist, and Charles
(Count Bozenta) tells funny anecdotes,
and we all laugh at the old ones.
"Then Paderewskl says something;
amusing, and he is very witty and so
passes the time. There is no con
straint. I find that really great people
are' the simple people that the pose
and exaggerated dignity are only in- -dispensable
to those who must remind
the world of their existence. Our host
Is one of the simplest minds, and one
of the kindest."
Movements of Japanese.
The number of Japanese in the United
States Is diminishing. The following
statistics have been compiled by the
Japanese government and addressed to
the Consulate at Portland:
Number of Japanese who left the
U. S. A- during April, 1909 25a
Number of Japanese, entered tle U. S.
A. during April, 1909 194
Diminution during the month 59
Number of Japanese left the main
land of the U. S. A.:
February, 1909 213
March, 1909 377
April, 1909 253
Total . - 843
Number of Japanese .entered the main
land of the II. S. A. :
February. 1909 51
March, 1909 113
April, 1909... 194
Total 858
Diminution during last three months. 485
A FEW SQUIBS.
"Many a fellow whd claims to be wedded
to his art considers himself the better half.
Philadelphia Record.
'"My rood woman, is this, son you speak:
of adolescent?" "Mercy on us. no. ma'am.
He's Just cranky." Baltimore American.
"So Algernon Is going to devote himself
to poetry?" "Yes, but oniy after a season in
the bankxl don't want the poor boy to die
without even knowing what money feels
like." Ufe.
Yes sir," said the pompous Individual,
I always pay cash for 'everything I get."
"Dear, me," exclaimed the matter-of-fact
person "Whafs the matter with your cred
it?" Chicago Daily News.
"Isn't It a shame to keep those poor lions
caged?" "Lady." answered the keeper at the
zoo. "they're much hajipier and safer there
than they would be roaming the African
jungles." Washington Star.
"Poets are born and not made." "But they
ain't born tagged." opined a rural philoso
pher. "Their fathers consequentlyi hafter go
ahead and eddicate 'em. jest as if they was
going' to be good fer something." LouLsville
Courier-Journal.
"I have often heard, said the inquisitive
foreigner, "of our aw 'race issue.' May I
awsk what a race Issue is?" "Why. cert.
It's any sportln" paper." answered the na
tive. "Aw thanks." rejoined the foreigner,
jotting It down in hie notebook. Chicago
Tribune.
"All right behind there?" called the con
ductor from the front of the car. "Hold on."
cried a shrill voice. "Wait till I get my
clothes on.' The passengers craned their"
necks expectantly. A small boy was strug
gling to get a basket of laundry aboard.
Puck.
The American tourists were returning
from abroad. "America expects every citizen
to do his duty." read a patriotic inscription
on the ship. The Americans read it and
smiled. "Oh, we shall 'do the duty all
right." they whispered. And then smuggling
began that would have made the tariff biU
look sick. Chicago Daily News.
y
4ft