8
THE 3IORX1XG' OREGOXIAX. THURSDAY, APRIL 13, 1909.
mm
PORTLAND. OREGON.
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.-'" w.,oi" Swr. one year........ 00
Eliv' W,,toui unay- month...... .S
Daly, without Sunday, three montha IT?
We.kWW',hut 8""l.y on. m?Bt" ..V: io
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wUhZTrlS"" 0'f-The 8. C. Beck-
W)TLAM), THI KMIAY,
APRIL 15, 1909.
TKJt BROKEN WATER MAIN.
The machinery of life has become
to complicated and so delicately ad
Justed that the Impairment of the
smallest part of it is a serious matter
An injury to a water main can throw
half the population of a great city like
Portland into dismay. Life and happi
ness iiave come to depend on infinitesi
mal circumstances like the continuity
rt ui electric wire. Business Is cast
into confusion fcy failure of a. tele
phone to do Its accustomed won'. Not
many years ago every family in the
rountry provided Itself with light from
lamps. There were no gas mains to
rnake trouble, and no gas bills to pay.
-No householder worried in those
blessed times over electric wires, for
there was no electricity. At any rate,
there was none which had been har
nessed and tamad to human use. A
little farther back in the procession of
the years each family provided its own
water supply from the well in the back
yard. It Is wonderful to observe how
rapidly during- the last few decades in
dividual devices for meeting- the neces
sities of existence have 'been replaced
by enterprises In which the entire com
munity co-operates. Whether the en
terprises depend u Don nrlvato nr n,,v.
lie capital makes little difference with'
ineir underlying-principle. They are
co-operative in either case.
individual effort has been diverted
to other fields, and household wants
have bten taken under the care of
great corporations, with immeasurable
benefit to everybody concerned. The
light which we get now Is incompara
bly better than the old lamps afforded.
The Bull Run . water which municipal
enterprise furnishes Is purer and more
fc.btinda.nt than the old wells ever gave,
and it Is also cheaper. Nobody pays
the "Water Board as much for his
yearly supply of the clear and spark
ling liquid as his family pump used to
cost in the good old times, and, grum
lle as we may at the gas and electric
companies, they give us more for our
money than we ever got before they
took charge of the problem of Illumi
nation for us. . This is not saying, of
course, that they might not give us a
great deal more still, but it Is well
onoe in a while to cease from com
plaint and contemplate, in a. spirit of
thankfulness, the blessings which we
actually enjoy.
The -passage of household supplies
like water, light and food, under the
centrol of great corporations has nro-
dnoed remarkable sociological effects
wnich. we do not always recognize
when we sit down to bewail the fact
that water main has -broken or a
wire been disconnected. In the first
Dince. it hHS made us aJl intimately
mprnwni upon tnose delicate me
chanical Adjustments which were
spoken of a moment ago. The sci
ences of electricity, chemistry juid
physics have entered Into our datly
livea' to a degree which would have
heen Inconceivable to our fathers.
The equation of -mathematical physics
have become the rules by which we
live. Machinery moves us. warms us,
eats us and sleeps us. Knowing all
this, is it not wonderful how slowly
and reluctantly the schools have con
sented to teach our children the
things which they must know about
machinery and. Its laws in order to
understand the world they live in?
"Wheels and currents and physical en
ergy manifested "in steam and electric
ity are the most Intimate companions
of our lives. They are inevitably
either our best friends or deadliest
foes, and yet the frrca.t majority of our
hoja and girls pass ' through school
M-itli no knowledge of them which has
the slightest value.
Another sociological consequence of
this dependence on machinery and its
laws is a corresponding dependence
upon workmen. In the old days, when
everybody did everything for himself,
it made not much difference to him
whether the men with the dinner pails
went to their tasks or not. Xow if
they do not go. we are neither warmed,
fed nor lighted. "We cannot go to
business, nor return from it. If the
workers refuse to work, the whole
world stops moving, and misery very
soon shows its dire face around every
corner. The more we fall into de
pendence on machinery, the more
powerful as a factor the worklngman
becomes in society. lie is the gnome
upon whose good will all our happi
ness and comfort depend. Perhaps it
Is ' fortunate that, like some other
great elemental forces, he is not con
scious of his power. But in France
he seems to be learning it rather rap
Idly. What m-ill be the outcome of
those great proletarian movements
which Indicate a growing consciousness
on the part of labor of Its fundamental
Importance In our complicated life pro
cesses? Will It grow in kindliness and
appreciation of other sides of our
common nature as it develops the
sense of unity?
Thirdly, the corporations, by taking
over domestic work like, lighting,
"weaving and cleaning, have left vast
vacancies In the lives of women who
formerly attended to all those matters
with more or less fidelity. The conse
quence Is that women are compelled
to seek new outlets for their super
abundant energy, or else pine in con
tinuous idleness. Driven by the neces
sity to employ their latent powers,
they have invaded one field of Industry
after another, and will not stop until
they ahare men's work In all its do-
mains. Thus, the plunge of women
into business and the solidarity of
orklngmen both flow of neces
sity from the co-operative use of ma-
hinery by cities and private compa
nies. As the . power of the workers
for good or evil increases, society, be
cause of its delicate adjustments, be
comes aver more dependent upon their
I'jvaity ana good -win. It Is easier to
destroy a. -watch than; a -wheelbarrow.
A break in a -water main may set the
mind at 'work upon problems which
the smooth routine of daily life con
ceals rather than suggests, but shun
them as we may. they still exist, and
time will only make them more in
sistent.
WAIT rOB SOMKTH1NU IXTtRBSTBG.
It fs quite edifying to observe our
own Senator Chamberlain denouncing,
before such select and distinguished
company as the National Democratic
Club of New York, the "convention
system as & corrupt and unrepresenta
tive form of government." Richard
Croker, ex-boss of Tammany, and
Uharles i . Murphy, boss of Tammany.
applauded his sentiments to the echo.
of course. -They are firm friends of
reform and believe profoundly in the
direct primary for Oregon which
has given to the Democratic minority
in the Senate a great and good man
like the new Oregon Senator. Croker
and Murphy believe the direct pri
mary is doing a most beneficent work,
in the South, where it has been so con
trived and manipulated as to exclude
the Republican party from all partici
pation in state affairs. It will have tho
support of the Tammany machine for
New Tork whenever Murphy,. Croker
and their delectable kind see that it
may be used to break down and dis
integrate the Republican party, and
to insure the continued dominance of
the Democratic party.
But you did not find" Senator Cham
berlain, Joining with other Democratic
orators in railing against the Payne
Aid rich bill. Not he. Just let us wait
for him to do and say something on a
matter which will really interest his
Oregon constituency.
WHEAT'S SENSATIONAL TEAR.
The wheat markets.'not only in Chi
cago which is of course the storm cen
ter, but throughout the world, have
this season been marked by sensa
tional advances. ' For man v wwt
much of the . rerrui rlra.rilA Mmnctit n
the situation has been attributed- to a
corner in Chicago which speculative
interests have - been engaged - for
months in perfecting. The oft-repeated
theory, however, that this alleged
corner in Chicago is responsible for
the extraordinary strength in the
world's wheat markka n-IIl not hur
analysis. In Portland, wheat has been
a-1 1 1 145 aouve enner. ne iviay or July
options in Chicaa-o; and the high price
is based) exclusively on short sunnlies
and a heavy demand, on the Pacific
coast, as a rule Pacific coast prices
are based on the Liverpool prices, but
for the past three months enneumocs
in California, Oregon. Washington and
ivtexic nave Deen willing to pay so
much more for- wheat than it was
worth for shipment that none has gone
forward.
That there is a similar shortage in
wheat in Eastern market penters is
quite apparent from the heavy pre
mium commanded by the cash article
in New Tork, Chicago and Minneap
olis. If the alleged corner were as
formidable as it is generally reported
no such difference could exist in the
cash and option prices. In all pre
vious corners it has been necessary for
the speculator to purchase cash wheat
in order to support the price of the op
tions, while this season the option mar
ket has been self-supporting through
out. The European market, after its
phenomenal advance of Tuesday,
closed a fraction lower yesterday, but
until more actual wheat than is now in
sight comes to light somewhere it will
be impossible to secure much of a re
action in the market. For the farm
ers who view with broadening smiles
the excellent condition of the growing
crops in the Pacific .Northwest, these
prices are a great boon. To the con
sumers who have watched the price of
bread ascend with that of wheat the
outlook is less roseate.
OVR. KIW .CITIZENS.
Well-directed effort, liberal advertis
ing and low rates by the railroads this
Spring have brought about the largest
colonist movement to the Pacific that
the Pacific Northwest has evex known.
Estimating the total for the two
months, on the official figures of the
Harriman lines for the first thirty days
of the movement. It seems probable
there will be an actual increase of 40
000 in the population of the three
states during March and April. With
a corresponding number during the
Fall colonist movement, and the nat
ural increase during the remainder of
the year. It would seem that an in
crease of 100,000 In the population of
the three states this year would be
quite conservative.
Portland and Oregon quite naturally
receive a larger share of the newcom
ers over the Harriman lines than
either of the other states, but Wash
ington undoubtedly secures more of
the colonists who come West bv- the
Hill lines. It is particularly gratify
ing to note that such an overwhelming
proportion of the newcomers are set
tling at interior points, and not taking
up their residence in the cities. Port
land, Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane and
other Northwestern cities are well in
advance of the development of the
country on which they mu6t rely for
support, and if the country grows and
prospers by the efforts of the newcom
ers the cities will naturally and al
most automatically grow and prosper
in keeping therewith.
The class of newcomers of which
Portland stands in most need is not
the kind that come under the colonist
rates so much as it is those who come
on first-class tickets "in standard Pull
mans. To be sure, the two classes
must come into the country in (well-
balanced ratio. We need more men In
the country to produce fruit, vegeta
bles," poultry, eggs, dairy products, etc.,
and in the city we need more capital
ists to build factories and aid in the
enlistment of a dinner-pail brigade
which in turn will widen the demand
for the products which the newcomers
will soon be marketing.
The Pacific Northwest is the last
stand for the homeseeker in search of
cheap land, with" wood, water and a
fine climate attachment. Not all of
the thousands now coming into this
land will amass fortunes in a few
years. None of them will prosper
without determined effort and hard
work, and some of them will fail
here, as they would fall anywhere
else" on earth.
Each of the newcomers should be
careful in selecting his work and in
vesting his capital and labor where it
is most needed. If a man is a good
farmer or could do well raising chick
ens or fruit, we do not care to have
him crowd into the city and take a
position from a clerk, a carpentr or a
barber, any one or all of. whom might
be of no earthly use on a farm. This
great Northwest can - continue -to As
similate not only 100,000. but several
hundred thousand newcomers annu
ally for many years, and the only pos
sibility for failure or dissatisfaction
lies in the possible unfortunate selec
tion of a. trade or profession by some
of our new citizens. This problem,
however, is less difficult here than
elsewhere. in the country, and will ad
just "itself naturally as the newness
wears off the country.
TUB II KBI.VK DIVIDES HONORS.
The turbine engine and the recip
rocating engine divided honors in the
speed and endurance trials of the gov
ernment scout cruisers which were
concluded, off Rhode Island. Tuesday.
The contesting cruisers were the Ches
ter, with Parsons turbine engines built
In this country, from English plans,
the Salem with the Curtis tur
bines, planned and built in this
country, and the - Birmingham,
equipped with the latest type of recip
rocating engines. The dimensions of
the three vessels are exactly the same,
each bas the same boiler capacity, and
under normal conditions each is sup
posed" 'to -develop the same Indicated
horse-power. The twenty-four-hour
endurance run "which ended Tuesday,
with the Chester victorious, was the
third important test to which these
cruisers have been subjected.
.the result of these contests eeems
to have demonstrated quite conclu
sively that there is still plenty of op
portunity for the old reciprocating en
gine, where economy' of fuel and mod
erate speed are preferred to high speed
said enormous fuel consumption. On
the first trials a thousand-mile run at
ten-knot speed, and a fifty-hour run
at fifteen-knot speed, the reciprocat
ing engines of the Birmingham easily
maintained the maximum speed at a
much smaller coal consumption than
either of the turbines could show. Un
fortunately for American pride, the
British type of turbine on the Chester
made a much better showing for econ
omy than the American turbine, the
only .advantage, if it -could be re
garded as of sufficient Importance to
be termed an advantage, being a
smaller consumption of water by the
American turbine.
The ten and fifteen-mile tests were
so highly favorable to the Birmingham
with her reciprocating engines that the
dilatory actions of the Government in
adopting the new high-speed engines,
which are already in actual service in
the British, German and French
navies, seemed to be fully warranted.
The final high-speed test, however, has
demonstrated quite conclusively that
the smooth-running turbine can stand
a speed that- will tear the reciprocating
engine to pieces. The latter type of
engine still has a wide field of useful
ness. "Unless the turbine can be per
fected so that it will develop econom
ical points in keeping with Its high
speed advantages, it will not soon sup
plant the reciprocating engine for or
dinary work, where economy of fuel
is more desired than high speed. That
this feature of advantage In the old en
gine is fully recognized by those most
interested in the new one is apparent
In their efforts to produce an engine in
which the-best points, of .the two can
be combined.
Mr. Parsons, inventor of the engines
used in the Chester Tuesday, is said
to be working on plans for a combina
tion of the two engines by which the
turbines can take the steam after it
has passed through the cylinders of
the reciprocating engines. Actual ex
periment will be necessary to deter
mine the advantage of a "half-breed"
engine of this type. Meanwhile, hon
ors are easy between the turbine and
the reciprocating engine, each stand
ing a victor in a particular field of use
fulness. THE DISTURBANCE IN TLRK1A". .
Perhaps the rejoicings, of the world
over the easy -and bloodless revolution
in Turkey a few months ago were pre
mature. It is seldom that a nation
passes from religious and political des
potism to a constitutional government
without terrible convulsions. -' Usually,
also, it requires many years to accom
plish the change. When Turkey ac
quired what seemed to be a stable con
stitution, with hardly any . resistance
from the old system of irresponsible
personal government which it replaced
the world wondered, ' but the facts
Were apparently undeniable. Now,
however, it is manifest that the reac
tionary forces were dormant rather
than dead, and. they have begun to
show themselves. It cannot be sup
posed that the Sultan ever relished
changes which . deprived him of so
much or his authority, and there is a
suspicious friendliness "between hint
and the-revolting .troops which indi
cates that the ' troubles mean more
than a mere r- change . of Ministers.
Probably, if the truth were revealed
they aim at a total relapse to tho old
system which the Young Turk party
thought it had abolished forever.
Any nation in which the army can
control the civil power is in a danger
ous condition. This is precisely the
case in Turkey. The Ministers have
been driven out of office, not at the
demand of the people, but by turbu
lence among the soldiers. From this
fact, we can see how slender the bonds
of seeming ' civilization are in that
country, and how little stability its
new " institutions possess. The mo
ment the army begins to dictate to the
civil authorities, it is useless to talk of
liberty or a constitution. Military
powcr by its very nature knows noth
ing of constitutions. Friends of lib
erty everywhere will be suspicious
that the turbulence of the Turkish
troops Indicates a purpose on the part
of the religious and political reaction
aries to regain the power which they
j have lost. The events of the next few
days ought to show whether the re
volt is a mere incident, or something
fundamentally important.
A pathetic story is told of the death
on the leper island of Molokai of Mrs.
Walter R. Brinkerhoff. formerly Miss
Nellie White, of Winchesdon. Mass., a
martyr, it is said, to wifely devotion.
Nellie, so runs the story, gave up the
pleasures of wealth and social stand
ing to marry Walter R. Brinkerhoff
and go with him to the leper colony
to assist him in oaring for the lepers
of Molokai. The young pathologist
was devoted to the task of discovering
the cause and cure of leprosy, anjl
permitted a lovely young girl, with
everything to make life enjoyable, to
sacrifice her health and by slow and
noisome decay her life in her devo
tion to him. This is called wifely de
votion, and lauded. How would it be
to call it husbandly selfishness? "Un
der this name would it not fitly 'be
denounced as cruel as well as selfish?
Should the man have encouraged or
even allowed the woman to do this?
How could he, dwelling in the' pres
ence of a living death, among loath
some, rotting creatures, for a mo
ment have entertained the Idea of
marrying and taking a wife' into such
surroundings? Perhaps -it was com
mendable for her to sacrifice her life
on the altar of wifely devotion, though
that may be doubted: but It certainly
was not commendable in the husband
to permit the needless sacrifice.
There is nothing new under the sua.
not even foreign invasions. Since John
Bull has worked himself into a frenzy
of fear over a possible invasion by the
Germans, the statisticians and histo
rians have been busy establishing
precedents. Without going back to
within a thousand years of the time
when Caesar came over with his in
vading party, about 64 B. C, they find
that more than fifty invasions have
taken place since 1066, when the Nor
mans began their conquest. Some of
these invasions were small affairs, in
which the invaders had a very poor
run for their money, but many of
them were epoch-marking Incidents.
Just what would be the effect of the
German invasion should it take place
is problematical, but even that might
prove as -harmless as some of the old
time Invasions which were squelched
almost as soon as the Invaders set foot
on the tight little isle.
The sacred rights of the "peepul"
under the direct primary will not be
trampled on by any rude investigation
of the amount of money Senator
Stephenson spent hi landing the peo
ple's choice in the United States Sen
ate. The witnesses most wanted . to
prove that Assemblymen were bought
like cattle in a corral have all disap
peared, and the special Legislative in
vestigating committee is unable to find
any of them. - The banker who han
dled the funds which were necessary
in the purchase of votes for the peo
ple's choice is now in Europe, and will
probably remain there until the "ma
chine politicians." who were unable
to defeat the people's choice for
United States tjenator, have abandoned
their efforts to determine the exact
cost of being elected to the Senate un
der the direct primary law as It works
in Reformer La Kollette's bailiwick.
Several women went from Chicago to
Washington to protest against the in
crease of the tariff on stockings and
gloves. When they returned, one of
them reported:
. Speaker Cannon, when he saw tie. said
something- about the price of hats we
had on hems about $60. and o why -tot
stockings S cents a pair higher than tho
25 cents wo pay now. TTow can you ar
gue against things like that?
There was no way, of course, to con-
vice the Speaker, who insisted on
talking of hats when the ladies were
there to discuss stockings. It Is pleas
ant to observe that there was no con
troversy over the low price the women
paid for their stockings.
"There never was any Harriman
Hill feud," repeats Louis Hill, in a St.
Paul Interview. The illustrious son
of his father is probably using the
term feud as it is used in the moon
shine districts of the" South. What
Louis apparently expects, in case the
present terminal and territorial squab
ble is not settled, is for the old gen
tleman to grab a meat ax and cut Mr.
Harriman into thin slices, or," in case
Edward H. sees him first, Mr. Hill
may be suspended by the whiskers and
jabbed with a pitchfork. That might
do for a starter for a "feud" worthv
the name.
In the land of the wooden nutmeg
the father of a 17-year-old girl was
arrested on complaint of the neighbors
because the young woman dons male
attire to do farm work. He was re
leased when she testified, she wore the
clothes for convenience. Will petty
courts never learn to keep their hands
off the garb of woman? . This girl
round what she needed In overalls.
just as many fine young women in the
Bunchgrass country frequently wear
"shaps" when going after the cows and
are none the worse for it.
J
A Des Moines (Iowa ) dispatch -an
nounces that "more than 750 Des
Moines school children today signed a
petition to Theodore Roosevelt asking
nim to change his mind, and not kill
defenseless animals in Africa." If
this petition is. mailed to Oyster Bay
and marked "Hold for arrival," it will
be fully as effective as though it should
be sent direct to Darkest Africa. The
trust-baiter did not go to Africa with
his elephant guns for the purpose of
reading petitions.
Over the mountains in Grant county.
where a lawyer is upon occasion a
proctor in admiralty, a veterinary sur
geon the other day dressed the wounds
of an ordinary physician who had "met
up with a wire fence. This is human
Ity, not ethics.
Every daV VOll meet th man vVkn
makes a minute calculation, for your
Denetlt as to how much monev von
would have made if you had not made
the mistake of failing to buy May
wheat three months ago.
The long dry spell is over, and oeo-
pie who never , missed the water be
fore have resumed the pleasant occu
pation of talking about the beauties of
Bull Run, and letting others drink It.
Where was our friend Francis I.
McKenna during the trying days of the
Bull Run drouth? Good time, wasn't
it, to learn to forget the dreadful
name. Bull Run?
If those university regents had
wanted to be real severe, they might
have added about three taps on the
fingers to those suspended bathtub
bing artists.
Positive relief to have Bull Run on
tap again. Some people now know
where to get it if they should ever
happen to want it
Plunger Patten denies that he has
cornered the wheat market. The mar
ket must have cornered itself; and
that's no dream.
Repairing a break In a big pipe is
a colossal Job for the Water Board.
Raising salaries of favorites is more of
a size.
Those Stayton robbers seem to be
doing a great deal finer Job of run
ning than of holding up a bank.
Xo one but Dicky Davis and his
White Mice (see current fiction) can
restore Castro to his throne.
These are the Beavers' busy days.
Wfri. EVILS OF" 'CONCENTRATION
But wtMtt Are the "No-Parttsaaa
5iw Themselves Doing
PORTLAND. Or.. April IS. To the Ed
itor.) The recent action of the so-called
assembly of representative Republicans
of Portland in selecting a man for Mayor
whose name is to be presented to the
people to be voted upon at the primary
election, according to law, is denounced
by our non-partisan Democratic breth
ren as having the dark brown taste of
machine polities, than which nothing
more wicked can be named in an evident
effort to overthrow the will of the people
who. by the . way, are to pass upon the
matter under every provision of the "Ore
gon method." Indeed, there is no other
way to proceed, even if political perverts
were so inclined.
The( choice of the assembly is said to
be a tendency toward "concentration."
and any movement that has for its pur
pose anything like concentration must
needs be of the flesh, likewise the devil.
And yet the said non-partisan members
of the elect have been and are now bend
ing every fiber of their physical and men
tal energies toward the selection of some
man upon whom they may "concentrate"
their strength in a "concentrated" oppo
sition to the "concentrated" result of the
aforesaid wicked assembly whose great
sin was Its concentration upon a choice
tor Mayor. ,
The fact is, the whole tendency of gov
ernment is toward concentration. In
deed, that is the one purpose of govern
ment. The selection of public officers
begins with a participation by all the
people In a primary contest in order that
a smaller number miy be chosen who can
get together and "concentrate" the'r ef
forts. And at the general elections, the
final contest, the matter is further "con
centrated" until but one out of 100.000
eligible men., for instance, is chosen
for the governor of them all.
Every successful .effort In human af
fairs is the direct, outcome of concen
tration, of elimination: It cannot be
otherwise. The Master concentrated his
working force until of all the multitude
he confined his special charge to an even
dozen " men.
And, dropping at one fell swoop from
the sublime to the absurdly ridiculous, the
present Mayor of Portland was chosen as
a candidate two years ago by the polit
ically sanctified non-partisan contin
gent of the city by a concentrated agree
ment to ignore absolutely the direct pri
mary law, and by "collusion," write his
name in the ballots on election day.
But "concentration," as such, is an
abomination having- for its purpose the
bolo-thrust into the vitals of the Oregon
primary law.
It Is likely, however, that this hypo
critical cant has had its day In Portland.
Its insincerity Is too manifest. Its news
paper apostle Invariably makes a howl
foe ' non-pairtlsanshlp through repeated
declarations that "party" is nothing in
governmental affairs, continued with un
ceasing activity until the Republicans are
sufficiently deceived to Invest in a good
sized block of the bogus stock, when it
invariably ends up in supporting a Dem
ocratic candidate for every important of
fice. The doctrine is not to "concentrate"
unless you concentrate In its camp, and
then concentrate like the devil even
though it is for him.
PIONEER REPUBLICAN.
KILLING A BEAR WITH AXES.
Lively Fla-nt by Timber Cruisers Wit It
An (fry Bruin. '
Cor. Eugene Guard.
On Wednesday, March 31, George Wil
loughby and Elmer Lee. Booth-Kelly
Company - timber cruisers, while in the
""Woods about four miles west of J. D.
Palmers ranch on Brumbaugh Creek,
found a hollow log which seemed to be
Inhabited. On looking: In. thev fmmrf att-
Bruin at home. WlUoughby wanted to
leave him alone, but Lee wanted to kill
him.
Upon careful examination the entrance
ao luuna xo De large, as Mr. Bruin could
Ret OUt easilV. SO. WilUlltrlihv -. l 1 . V. .-
. - n-'-'J " l- 1 1 TVi
boar while ta cut .
fallen tree, and placing them in such a
a.y as paniauy to nil the entrance, he
drove some stakes to hold them there
and partially fill the two smaller side
Two axes, the onlv
weighing but one pound each and carried
in tl"lir Kolta WAfo maa.
, "n.uo ryy 1UI Utat?.
Air. Lee opened the fight by jabbing Bruin
mo t-v o nn me compass stair. Then
a rush was made for the xmiin entrance,
where thf r ropAimu' Kinm 1
- . a, uiu rv 1 1 tIll Ltl3
ax. This only angered him and he ran
jho uiB leei out tnrougn tne bark and
slivers in a way that made his opponents
feel anxious. He would gnash his teeth
and stir up such a dust they could not
see him, and thus the battle went on
uimi oruni xnrew nimseir on his back,
biting anil olawino- at ,a .mnll . . :
- - - - - - - .11., iri.u 11 1 i.T,
thrusting his head out far enough that
Mr. Lee was able to deal him a blow be
tween the ear and eye. sinking the ax to
uauwe. muni lurnea, pulling the ax
from Lee's hand and landing it in the
nest behind the hear thua lavtnv
with but one ax and the compass staff to
ns'ii near wun.
WlUoughby then proposed giving up the
battle, but Lee had to have his ax. and
uie omy way to get It was to kill Mr
Bear, so the fight continued. Bruin get
ting more enraged at every turn.
Finflllv he St a r-t.i.1 nil on T :
. vu a,lu , sstijig
the advantasre le.t him rnma until v.
well out of the tree, and then called to
mo partner, wno was instantly on the
spot, and dealt him a blow full in the
. .w 1 ' T. rt
proved to be one of the largest the tw
men had ever seen.
Bora on Same Day Mr. Roosevelt.
Washington (D. C Herald.
Zach G. Thompson, of Philadelphia,
who is at the Riggs, tells this story on
ex-rreBiQCTi Koosevelt:
"While President Roosevelt wn.
Ing an open-air reception at Syracuse,
-- s. u Fuueu nia way lorward
through the crowd and eagerlv grasped
his hand. "To'n me war bo'n on the
same day, Mistah Roosevelt.' the 9rw
enthusiastically said, his shining face
cieic irom ear to ear by a grin
" 'De-lighted, indeed, to hear it
sponded the President, taking a fresh
grip on the black hand and laughing
heartily. -So you and I were born on
the same day? Well, well.
"'To" am fo'ty-seven yeahs old, suhr
j. am. was me quick answer.
" 'An" jo' war bo'n on Octobah 17
1S58?'
" 'Yes.'
" 'Ya-as. sub.!' then exclaimed the
darky, shaking all over with rantn-
ya-as. suh. Mr. Roosevelt, yo' an' me is
ooie twins:
- Clesmlnaj-irp-Stm Campalga.
RaJtlmnt-av Knn.
The Twentieth Century Club, whose
memoersnip e mo races many women ol
the well-known families of Washington
D. C. has pledged the "co-operation ol
members, their friends ind thi- nai.h.
bors in picking up the papers in streets
and parks near their homes April 15. be
ginning at 9 o'clock In the morning. Each
member of the club is to head a subcom
mittee of women on the block where her
nome.is locaiec
HARD TO LIVE OX 9SOO ' A YEAR (
That la If You Live lu New Vorfc aid
Have m Family. .
For the last two years a group of
students of social questions in New
York has been Investigating the ques
tion of whether an income of S00 a
year is sufricient to support decently
a family consisting of husband, wife
and two to tour children. The details of
the investigation and conclusions of the
investigators are set forth- in a report
compiled by Professor Robert C. Cha
Pln. who holds the chair of political
economy in Beloit College. ' The report
has been published by the Russell Sage
Foundation, which furnished paid in
vestigators for the work. Others con
cerned in the inquiry were social-settlement
workers, volunteers and trade
union members.
The report is said to contain the first
scientific and philosophical conclusions
"et made in this country on the stand
ard of living among a large class of
urban population. It Is the conclusion
of the investigators that J800 the av
erage wage earned by the head of families-visited
is not enough - to main
tain a family of husband, wife and four
chtldren as thev, should be maintained.
The report even says that 00. while
suincient to maintain a physical stand
ard, to keep body and soul together, to
supply a decent amount of clothing
and to provide a roof over the head,
will not go" much farther. " ,
.
To quote from the reoorfu conclu
sions:
'It may be said that the failure to
maintain a normal standard may be
uu to causes quite outside of the ca
pacity of the Individual breadwinner,
or Of 'the economin forces thnr'rlotar-
mine the rate of wages. Two of these
outside considerations are the presence
of too many mouths to be fed and the
inaDiiity to make a wise use of the
money earned. Overoonulation on the
one hand.- improvidence, extravagance
and vice on the other, are alleged to
explain why so-many families make so
poor a snowing on S600 "to S700 a vear.
tne results of the investiga
tion indicate that, while a. personal fac
tor does not operate in the case of
every family, both as regards the hab-
to in tne tamer and the managing
BDiiny 01 tne motner, the limits within
which it may affect the actual sum to
tal of material comforts that make up
the living of the family are set bv
social forces. These social forces find
expression, on the one side, in the in
come which the family receives that
is, in tne rate of waa:es received by the
father and others who are at woric; on
the other side, they are expressed in
the prices that have to he nniH tn -At
housing, food and the other means of
suosistence. The actnal standard that
prevails is set primarily, therefore, by
the wages paid and the prices charged."
Of the 391 families whose horn.
stories were recorded. 818 had incomes
ranging from JS0O to $1100. The 25
oeiow 60o and the 4S above J1100 are
Included, and most of the attention is
given to the 318 families within the
narrower range. Thirty-eight of the
fathers were laborers. 30 were team
sters and 66 were garmentworkers. In
mese occupations, where it is seldom
possiDie tor the father to earn more
than $600 or $800 a year, it was found
that the children or the mother must
work, or lodgurs must be taken, if the
family is to enjoy anything beyond
bare necessities.
Hard times often moan n good deal
to the man with a respectable Income.
But the burden-comes hardest on these
families already close to the border
line. Of the 198 Manhattan families
who had been a year or more in the
same tenement. 102 reported an in
crease of rent from 50 cents to $5 a
month since 1905. One family on Essex
street has been in its present tenement
for 10 years. It now pays $23 a month
for four rooms, with toilet in apart
ment. Two years before the rent-was
$18.
Twenty-seven per cent of all expendi
tures is paid for rent on the average
by the eight families with incomes be
tween $400 and $500, and 26 per cent
by the 17 families with incomes be
tween $500 and $600. The 63 families
with incomes between $900 and $1000
average only 19 per cent, although pay
ing $174 on an average, as compared
with $124, the average rent of families
In the $400 income group.
-V
Many bad conditions of crowding were
found by the visitors. It appears from
the final summary that out of 115 Man
hattan families with Incomes between
$600 and $800, 71 per cent have no
more than three rooms; of the 58 fam
ilies in the $S00 group. 48 per cent have
not more than three rooms, and the 70
families with incomes between $900 and
$1100. 39 per cent live in three rooms
or less.
Nearly half of the total outlay of the
S91 families is for food: $290.10 a year
Is the average, amount spent for the
$600 families and $451.46 for the $1100
groups.
, The sum cf $100 was fixed as a min
imum for a family's clothing a family
of father, mother and four children.
Of the 318 fainiiloa with incomes be
tween $600 and $1100. 126, or 40 per
cent, report less than the stated amount
for clothing. By Incomes, 57 per cent
of the families with Incomes of between
$600 and $800 are underclad; 32 per
cent of those with' incomes of $800 to
$900, and 18 per cent of those with in
comes between $900 and $1100. Of those
with incomes below $600 three-quarters
were found underclothed. while
only one in two of the families with
over $1100 to spend falls in this cate
gory. a . 1
The report contains details of ex-,
penditure for medical services, insur
ance and recreation and amusement.
The last named item is very small. To
bacco is so generally used that the tab
ulators included it as an- established
part of expenditures. For the $600 man.
$9.40 is . the average annual cost of
smoking, and for the man earning $1000
to $1100. it is $16.16. The drink bill is
often hidden away under "spending
money," but from returns received,
$18.06 is the average annual expendi
ture for $600 to $900 families. $24.68
for the $900 to $1000 families, and $39.63
for the $1000 to $1100 families.
Savings are reported by 15 per cent
of the $600 families, by 20 per cent of
the $700 families, by 38 per'cent of
those with incomes between $S00 and
$900. by 23 per cent of those in the
$900 group and by 45 per cent of the
$1000 families.
Married 14 Time. He Wants Another.
Baltimore News.
Owen Reeves, aged 77 years. o Kansas,
known as "Speedy," has been married 14
times, had 14 separations, and is now in
the field for the fifteenth Mrs. Reeves.
Marries Six Con plea In One Hour.
St. Joseph (Mo.) Dispatch.
Police Justice Warrenmeyer. of Clay
ton. Mo., known as "The Marrying Jus
tice." has establiahad a new record by
marrying six couples In one-hour.
The Houseoleouter.
New York Sun.
When Axlrll cleans her house
We can but vainly yearn
That all the wives of men
Her xnothoda aweet nils ht learn.
She puts a carpet down
As t-reen aa heart could wish;
she doesn't ask your helo
But tells you to so llh.
She stirs up clouds of du?t
Tet calls you not an oaf.
You are not in her way
If you but sit and loaf.
She -n ashes all the around.
With floods she does her best.
Yet all she asks of you
Is that you sweetly rest.
She hanirs her pictures ud
Upon the sky to eleam.
Yet asks you not to climb.
But Just to sit and dream.
Life's SunnySide
'AH the latest popular novels!" sanr
out the train boy. Then, holding out a
copy or -ine uuest of Quesnav" to a
prosperous-looking passenger, he urged -VBuy
Booth Tarkington'a . latest work.
The man looked annoyed.
-Xo! I am Booth Tarkington himself."
"Then buy a copy of "Three Week "
persisted the boy. "You ain't Elinor
Glyn. too. are your' Everybody's.
Rudyard Kipling visited . a bookseller's
shop some time ago. The famous author
commenced casually to turn over some
books, entering into a conversation with
the clerk as he did so. "Is this good?"
he asked, suddenly taking up a volume.
"I don't know, l"ve not read it,"" replied
the bookseller.
Kipling frowned. "A bookseller.'" he
said, with mock solemnity, "and you
don't read your 3wu books?" To which
the other answered sharply: "If I were
a druggist would you expect me to take
my own drugs?" A piece of philosophy
which the author of the "Jungle Book"
did not venture to discuss. London Echo
The porter inserted a fresh boot in the
electrical polishing machine.
"I'll tell you a funny thing about a
widow," he said. "She Is a regular vis
itor to our hotel, and she always brings
here with her an old pair of hex dead
husband's boots. He must have been a
whopper, the dead man. His boots are
genuine mudscows.
"The ' widow is very timid. She Is
afraid of being broken in upon by hotel
thieves In the dead of night. So every
mornlng she pots befor her door, besida
herpwu dirty boots, the boots of the
departed. She thinks th?y scare ort
thieves. "" New Orleans Tims-Democrat.
Mrs. Ryetop Now, ttiar's the.t Judson
Tassel. He's a likely looking chap, but
he's been call'ng on Nancy Squires for
nine years and he hasn't proposed yet.
Mrs. Hardapple (sarcastically) Oh, giva
the boy a chance. Cynthia. Maybe he"s
afraid he'll break the speed laws--mi-
cago News.
a
Tommy Say. Johnny, did you ever
think you would like to be a pirate when
you became a man?
Johnny (contemptuously) I s-hould say
not. Pirates are played out. I want to
be president of a big trust, or something
of that sort Exchange.
"You know. Elsie, that ferment" means
"to work," " said tho teacher. "Now you
may write a sentence on the blackboard
containing the word 'ferment.' "
After a moment's thought, Elsie wrote
as follows: "'In Summer I love to ferment
among the flowers in our garden." Chi
cago News.
Not long airo a young couple entered a
railway carriage at Sheffield and w-ere
immediately put down as a bridal pair.
But they were remarkably self-possessed,
and behaved with such sang-froid that
the other passengers began to doubt if
their first surmise was correct after all.
As the train moved out, however, the
young man rose to remove his overcoat,
and a shower of rice fell out, while the
passengers smiled broadly.
But even that did not affect the youth,
who also smiled, and, turning to his part
ner, remarked audibly:
"By Jove, May! I've stolen the brida- (
groom's overcoat!" Tatler.
ROOSEVELT
IN AFRICA
Seven Great African Articles by
Winston Churchill, in The
Sunday Oregonian.
Beginning Sunday, April 25, a
series ofi. seven African articles
will appear in The Sunday Ore
goniau. These articles will de
scribe the conditions, scenes, ad
ventures, perils and bijr-ga.me
hunting that will fall to the lot
of Roosevelt in Africa,
They are by "Wiuston Churchill,
Great Britain's Under Secretary
of Stale for the Colonies, who
traveled and hunted over the.
same ground that ex-President
Roosevelt will cover before he re
turns from the African jungles.
Hence these articles teem with the
strange situations, the perils and
hunting adventures that are in
store for our only ex-Pre6ident.
Each article will take Colonel
Roosevelt through one important
stage of his African journey, and
every article will be profusely
illustrated with 'photographs.
Lion hunting, elephant hunting,
rhinoceros hunting, hippopotamus
bunting, pig-sticking and other
forms of African jungle sport will
be fully and entertainingly de
scribed. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE
SEVEN ARTICLES:
April 25 The Wonderful Uganda
Railroad Trip, from the seacoast
to Nairobi through the heart of
the world's greatest natural zoo.
How it feels to be charged by a
rhinoceros.
May 2 Nairobi and the Country
Round About, where Roosevelt
will live and hunt for six months.
Lion hunting, with all the attend
ant thrills.
May 9 The Journey Along Afri
ca's Backbone from Kairobi to
Lake Victoria Nyanza, with ad
ventures at pig-sticking and in
the jungles.
May 16 The Deadly but Beauti
ful Kingdom of Uganda, where
Roosevelt will be in the greatest
danger of his life because of the
dreaded tsetse-fly. Best account
published of this pest and how it
is fought.
May 23 "On Safari" Through
the Heart of the Jungle. Experi
ences and adventures that will
befall Roosevelt when he leaves
the railroad and makes across
country with his train of porters.
"Human interest" in every line.
May 30 Hunting Elephants, the
White Rhino, and the hippopota
mus along the White Kile. A
wonderful chapter of hunting ad
ventures. June 7 Down the White Nile to
Civilization Again. An account
of river travel in Africa's heart,
which brings out vividly the big
game hunting and the perils that
will be Roosevelt's to the very
last day of his year in Africa's
heart.