tub jronyrxG okkgomax, 'Wednesday, decejibek 9, idos. g
DISCUSSES VITAL QUESTIONS OF THE .DAY
IDEAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS
tl war-wo rk-.Ttj
lr.'.m :h'4! f;'-
it r tK; mj cmiit
ro .:i,u.'. i-.n-
th n:iperi--hurt'-i N s v.n. nr. ar-
tra -is for BU.n rvi e i - ' r riy ' l-
n-.ak thtn. is ilin-r t- In a -r!t . f
i-..;.rtl. .r.r.y o- :... hi. :lt ,...
ff km-iwl'-dcf the cor::.:i' r of I:f iiir...;;;
I: e (Treat ir.au.-1. t f".."W--o jr.tr ::i-?a.
a lark whk'h unP'.s a Ju ;.. 1" '.. '!
pn-l ji:t n. It wouM ui.nt any txcuiive
or legislative ofTU'T.
rK-fct In Injunction Ijuxv.
Thr ls ft I t-.ir.k. (,i.jr.t 'or thf 1
th iutno; i.-j::si-.- r. -r J
bv en p. - .n -4 'tii " t;? cut-t
c-urts irai.'r.JC U-rr; -.:ir lnj i;v :;--n w . : :.' Jt
n ti( to iiifi-.i. tin-i i ur Imiu.i: th-u. f r
tt-mpt of court In lnsiam'fa as a n:;it-
tT of fa-'t, lb y tac ji k::"W oE iu.y
procwdiiKs. '',itM,e . of orfia:.i.-I la;r
there 1 a w15!-rf ;t-l fn-'.iviz t.'iai i.-.lm -
fm often -rk K-t n-ju.t:-.e T. w it--.
rk4!- -n their t-ii--r's i" b--t u - ti--ir
fr-rkir:r ciiU'iin result in ir 1 u.ji : ..il :.
putea. A temporary mj jnct it - u- I ft
p:irte nmy - n.i't'-r ! :;.: iia--" ni t: s
e!'t ot a pf ::.tT-'-.it it:.":;' ;n in :ife
d. master tO t;.o wuj.''-or:..Tf' m In n-i-'h i
tinjum rest ruin; wh.u.i c-!!. ''"in j-.
re"-rt to thl P'.an of pru'.in: e. Us -:-m-t-r.tent
ha b-.i-n un !-: .ir-.s:.i, ar. 1
fft?n lmror.y cx.T'W.:, hit tf-e is a
ui:d bn:a f-r it. an! tr.o o:u-'r'.y ar.d l.iw
aN!:lr.s r e of a 'nrnx-n.i:y wo'i:i b; m
a far atroiiKir position for upio-'ldinic the
r(-urtJ if tiie u:. t-l.y hXjj'Ii.j; sius
ccui-1 be prjv aw:i:".st.
Su-'h pr.v -wt i:. t!.( rreft; :'r.e5 above
as a'lvrK-.iieil by the rx' ;"t rr " 'j'1-'" I?.
cv, ti ;n vital ermr f bt in r
1 at ion of th ni t cite: !ve k.:..I. unil fvon if
e::n'i'i !nrn law i h-: ve t'-at tiu?- law
aouIU rlrhtlv be he. d t-tn i:..-t: ut . r. U. lb ;e
ovr. tli labor peop.e a.r t.v; ..;-. .i i.'.w
N r:r.nir.r to inv-ko tie '.f t..e I "er c
1- i'lnctlon. lu-rusF t-e lift ter. you -.''. an. I
nitbin rny own knowle.lce, at least, iifiy
lcn'-ti-ir- havu b-vr. ob:.iii:t--! !'' laJ-H" u::i r.J3
in N. w ork T;ty ft!-n-. i: t cf tl:e-:i Ur "IT
t- pr--t'-t tVe llinor: ' ',.r'i-,r'.
r'ch;"K but F-tr.e b-tr.c ..b;.. '-."1 f-.r other
r aFr.a !Ka)r.it ernp;-' ltj. T' p.vr r.f
Ir lurv-tion ;.s . pivut f.iui'.fb'e i -vti- fly,
hl' h -h.-.-iNi -r ro a -ri.r.t '.- "; 1.
I'-iK Kiur'N u" ! be . r-" 1 iic Mi:-: i:
nui. X b.li..v.; Th.it eon. M.-h ri''v!--.r.i
aw th-- I .l.-:Tit--i a y :ir hi:., f r r .. k
Ir.jr t.l:P n.u. ? t:.e i5Si..nii- .? to r.;.- .ri y
tnjt:ri;cns .-hu'.J t a:., it-:. Ir. ar
Ftatu '. rr(v"ii u' i b n..i'fe t r i.t r o
lrJur..t;on or t-Tr.p-T.iry r-r-a:r.!r.c r-tr.-r i
fo otrrwii th-iii or. r.ot' . t1 ;t v,i!.e
lrr--panir.;.- :nfu-y fccuM f-thrv. u- r-.-". :
mrA In i"in c.ise s. h"-:f!rc- on ti: m-rti of
th '.1.1-r h.vi!.l be hid .f s i - - ' rt tie i
rric'!. an-T If r t tv-r r..r. ir.u--: a-.' r
Ir.ff. !t hoti!.l fr.rthT i 1 :..-
"-i--uM bn re: .r In.ir.' 'l.n t ' rr.-: th
r av" of !.; y nVn ! ' . ' ,,v'" ''
M.r.-..v,-r. I b i!i v t'-.a. tl-? j-n-o-- uif 1
b sihrr-ly d' Il .- : . a ! II " J 1" i -n.mut'Sy
to :.ne le ;;i-ti'- tt-.-i. "f v 1-
a tr. an.l of hi r. a. r t u: -. t uit
t-e r r.. ran if it -'..- cx.niir.e v.:: i
Investigate t rarr.e.
Lan-a M:wle by Jmlsf-.
T: ch!-f lawnuk' rj Jr. cur ori:--ry rnay
b. tLT.Kl often ar. tJ; j-i !-f. b- au I'i 'y
r. r tiie ti-iUi s-riU ftL.i;ior.t y. I-1' -'; ' '
rf-ev ir.terj ret oi:;.a ;-i.riy. '-
r.r.t line v-r.c -: law. l:b-.::y, ti-y
r. ct-srsiriij evaot it: to Iax r .irt of a v-:
..f .a ! r in: -'""p'.y : J si.ch irt-r,- a-
:-.n, t:.-v .vtf :.r-C'i.n fo m.j v. -Tf-i k 5
Tht dt'i-.sioi.s of tlso courts on Ol- .nunui' a:; '1
ji.m .a: m- st.i: 'i-Toi u:- .n t:.-.r
a m.j .-:a; cal!.. -v .r : ai .-i f.r t:.o r-ar. fn;
pr.-KI-.-- of i :r !.- -j'o oMri:.,.- tt.O two -- 1
lei.tii.y we shall . t e ni t tfi-..--1' j'.'.
w h. to a ttv-i.t.'ta cn-ur n
ai ! noo.al i.hiI--.op::y ar.-i n -t lo a b r.- c '
p -..-a-:: ptu.i'- : V . 1;!l-:; waP !-" t l-'
I J Miu.-t of p-in..ave e-o:;.-rr.i . . il .o!
r-tir,.., a JulKe vie-.-.- a o- 'tr- so .a;
pM'..sophy are entirely fvind la Importance
to hi- i-rrf-u.n of a 1 an :.r,i t:: char
ter, which n-.eiir.a the p sc-..'ii of il .e
ii ertt.iry vtrtu. s as h- r-My. c uraf:d a".!
al.n ir.de.inesA The ju 't- -'Wk11 hs
r : ctlon to pacJru. to tl-vniosl.: eer.tl
tnent or etnas- htrcv-i ar.d prrju-:: e-. ar..!
t e ju-'.po who owe .lhr :a c lion or
ht api-omtnier.t to the n. ney or in..- lavr
i a treat corp. -rati' n. ar1 a ':ke unworthy
T f'.t en Jhe Nuch. are aiiY tra tors Vt Ui
r---i-.e: ar.-! ro profunilty of !-a-n!:.i:.
..- correctness or A.i-:rucL cci.on" -
ti.r. of pub'.io policy, can s-er
us i.n (1 --i- t
:i.-h ehorir mii::. lUlt it 10 n." iri.e
that Jui!f:s. ilka ex-ut.vs ana b.t.'.s.rt -r
phonM hold found on ti.e r..s of
publlo poiK-y wliich ar o vital ii:l.vst to
the p"1'!- . trt
The legislators and excnitrvw are eho. n to
r present t: .opi- iu f-a. L;;' ar. i a irunii.
terirs the lav-. The je- -re ;t
to re.pre.-int tli pe-p'e in this r.?e. 1 ;-.r
f:rr(-t:on L tr interpret th laws. ' :ie .'"f
lator are repowMb.e f-r the law.-: t..e ,-9
f..r the spirit in vh.ch th- y iirerpr. t i i
erfor.e th law. V ulo-f t..o
rerkoe aKitub.r who w..i.i 1 nif ti
jiKlet-s. met-c pliant ULs of popti ar i r. Ju .h e
nn.i Tion: ar.d we Mar.i f fr.m Uyp
ejTjary unwise p.irt!san. o f J- ...i -
privlieRe who deny t
mr.uch a JudK are choson t-j -rvp . .
intent of the whole petrol, thev a0.. -,trive
to find out what th sc lntere-Ms are.
and. far. as they c..n ,
p.o,,M Ftrivo to rtve cftc-t to noja. nr c .n-vi.-:ion
when ri-liberntely ar 1 -du.y "J
bv the tow-makirS body. Tre courtn are b
ii'e hJrhiy commended and fanrvh.
when they fet their fac a5air.t wtor.c.so.rx
or tvranny by a maj r'ty; but t.v;y ar- . a
be b'amed when they fail to ryr.. .,e.
like ours the i;e.lbe-a k--
n it in-
". .. rv t-ker. 2rive-r
wttir.c iu i .-j ,,.. .
linn t - cmv oftr..0 WOTrt 1 n I.o, ,u ....
To pmM tymnnj. rrx. -t ml no
,:, from n-t.re!-n. to r.ul.. y an at ,,
nltte.i in - "f ...,0 1. O
rn(lf.r a rrvw to 'h,,-'-;,;";;.vrI,"i;e:
th eonrw to arr..ate W ' ,
I hat
r.y
restraint ar-t -
h a p..Tu;.r v-.
i ".ii
Irf the mr.s mn the wiUf
th.- Nation
p'-eme.
the uir.man " ' -
Bni not In drv. .r --u-iel con-
WIU K tn teobnica.it.- s o.
V-onlr Mn-t M..rr- Rl.-.nr
!n onr ."un,?"l tv. Ju.!;t-s and
J"r1'" lh . It t. d!-.i::at.t
ileson in! Parf.f J- or to -
...L.tinii:. "n In tr.e U.'i. rrt
v; m,-v of tin- -.alU.ro of j..ti.-o r.o r- ,
.pnnMMiiir whatever ' " r.-n rn-n
,rh We who make up n ma-, .ft ne
peor... .-annrt shirt the res,.on-:t.:ht from
our own -houM-rs lint mere is un im
portant part of th". f .Hro whl;-h -a i'-'a-.:v
to do with tii.-ii.lllty to hold to ,,ro.or
voimt men i wealth wn.j h.-hav ....!.
The chief breakiionn Is in drai n win
trie r.evr relations that ar.'. from the mu
tualism the lrt..rdep.n.l.r..-e of our i.ma.
Evry new ....- I relot on heset a n.-w
tvpe of wronsdolnff of sin. to u.o an ool
fashloned w..r.l and many years alwa
.; before soci-ty Is n'.le to turn t..i
, n into .-r.m which cm be effectively
pun'shed at UW. lo.rmc th lir-Mrno or t.ie
;,!rter men now alive the F..tl.,l reunions
have chanced far more rap.d y than in the"
pre.-edln( two centuries The immerse
rro.th of corporations, of Mi.iness done ty
as.o. iatior.s. and the extreme tra.n and
pre.1re of modern V.i. have produced
. ondiuon? hirh rnd. r the p-ihoo con
fused as to h Its really dar.Kerou fo. s
a. -"- ar.d amonc tie pnMIo "am. wau
ha.e not onlv shared this c.r.fusion. but ...
nine of their acts ha.o Increased It. are.
certain Judp.'.- Mnrk.d Ir.en'.-iency has
been shown In dealinc with corporal ons and
In rese-tlins- th proper attltn.le to be taken
b. - the public, not only t" arl cori.ora
tlor but toward Ir.b'.r, . and towa, t i
oeial questions arislliir out ..f the factory
system, and the enrrmuus prowtn of our
great cities.
The hu wealth t at has been a-rumu-latcd
by a few Individuals of reeer.t years.
In what ha amounted, to a coi::a and
ifHEislative effort to pro;"';
. m.ft iHfd, pr t--ti. i
r oj rj who ink a.iva:it.i
nei'd. Thty halt or h:ni
f -r ,urir.c b acr an i 1.
d :ior.9 of inlir. 1 re t
Tf.Tit of the major:. y a.- i- '- t
tZ bR:.lature. Such lawful. y " -.J.nl
.. the court. nvt- In toe -3Ure-,:e and rx
ceptlnnal c- wh,re r, h - .a c
vio'atton of a c.titntlor.al prov . n.
vi-. like frivolity or V.ttiw-J n u.w
imentai ac-
t rlrt or a i '- -, , a,7 ,...art
,h-4 not f;.r .h -t;-'V .r;: t.o".
from , iko;. :tarr.;''rr
t . r.rj,Ji:.t!ntn.,urdTror,. or in
Si7n.o,n.c r'r";
.str al revolution, lias been ai rei;ar(".s
'.iii" or tlu.' in.lliUuaU ! possible
;,iv" tl.f lniiir.T us " 'ho modern
.,:,-ri c.Ttiin tyr.o or mucK-rn
r. r ...iaiior.'. w.t Its "St. -,.- an.l r.B-nw.
I-j Vii.v of -urit:. and Its ton-
c,..., t,:,tion with li:ri unrtertaVtiiKa.
t, :.V:iv jlV.lro.- n lti:ruit'nt ao c.mplei
m' ,f in a i-r.ut.-r iri-iU'iT of e:uriitnll
",.",at ur.t-r van Judlc.a. deotilona. lond
t'-. -s, 'r.n.il and oj iireasion 'than any
o.'... "v. t volvc.l !n the li'iman bratn.
, M.'ratV.na arc n..o-s-ry instrument of
' .. . ...i- , .e i"i. ..v have been nermltted
t I . o.r'.- a" ni-r.a-e larsoly because th
p.,v..rn:iui.ta! r.-p res..ita t i v3 of the people
IV .:l p:. V1U.UK y
thrill.
a,... in any Kivcn case
:,t-vd a l.-i'.slature or a
...-.f :
lull -r ' Fv.-rv rjo. iKive head who advlHes
J,0.;.a, 1,,-t. ad of pradu.il. artlon. or who
a.lvoV.ps i..cni.l-r..d and sweeping nieas
! .1 e ref'rm .....ecialiy If the - .r.Jad
u v.n.!U-tivc.i..s-. and disregard for th
r'ht. ' '. tnir.onty) is rarrtoularly
L 1 UH
norlh- i nc ' n."-,
,!:..!. for t!-J fa.t mat our laws are
r- ::'fi:r:.i!i
. -. fi ' ;
. f .o::,i..!..
,r i . . !.
v:ry -.art
-.-I i.Lh oe:.iy liusie aiiu-n.n.
Li.on " Moreover, they nre often
ui si:U mora rrqt:..nt!y amended
at the sut-K-estion of the
s K,-a.nnt wlum they are after-
. . i..ut.i- of ror-
u -aril" lUoie-'J- t'ur tnav - --:
p.lraUi. huKO truat. and abulo.ly
-.i-v ni-.i ii i in- oo i. .ii , . . .
l!..crt!n of what appear o.i '"-..
i., K-.'-eeP'rn provlaiona
tft be .Irani ai J s
u-.ir.n thr interests of the parties In
M n-x them: wh:i.- t!.e denatfJf:uei, tne
t:,rru;Vt -inures ho ii.x.au.e blackmall
p.if B. u-n--s to "str.ki ' corporations, and
a-1 who'cemnnd extrf-nie. and undesirably
vuibal. msv.T.. show themselves to e
t1 wo-n r.-m:'s cf ths very public whose
loud-mouth-d chnploriM they profess to be.
V verv s;ri:dne ll'ust r.it.on of the conse
;,.lt;rt.c' rr oar-l-i.-:.' in the preparation
or I B-"-. wns ti:i employers' liability
b-' of l'Ci. I" ft a arming under
t -it l'w "ir nut -.f ix courts nf first
i-V- in.-o 'VlM tl iicn-'-tutWrnaL; n1x out
o' r.in" . '.'- 'f the Supreme Tonrt held
tin .n"u!...-ct matter was within the
v - t of .r..-r..-.:or:il act on; and four
of t"-' n iii" Jiii.es l:-.d it vuild. it was,
hv.'.e- adUi'h.'-l ur.oi.-t.'.tutiur.al by a
bare m.Tbx :tv ef th- ro'jrt live to four. It
was yureiy a .rv sJoveii'y piece of work
t i j!..:nt? i".e 1 r:.ation' 1 it tu'"h shape as
to i. iv- th-. iiue:".i'n othT at ail.
dan..-i :e h.- le.-n dnne by the mani
fold and ( oi.illi ;ti:c l.te;-jret:i'!ons of the
l:v.r.-;.iif) c-nm.-r.-e law. i 'or.trol over the
-t cji -; o-a ; '-mis Ic:i.; interstate l.jsim-s
t 1 ft i-ffet t.ve ot.1 if It if voste.1 with
ru 1 power in an nd!i!ir.;slr..tive department,
a .rar.jti of; the tV'K-::il exeeutive. carrying
v.t: a r d.-ra! Liu ; it can r.ver be ef-
tive if a dlv-d-d re?pon"ib!Htr is loft 1
in b.th the and t-.ie Nation; it can,
:.. v.t be t-ffei-fve If U ft In the hands of .
th..- court-, to to de.-ldd by lawsuits.
lJi:Ut Jo fritUdy.e'.ludes. j
The cour's hold a place of peculiar and
d -erved s;.r..-t:ty umKr our form of gov
eminent. lu spe-t f -r the law Is etscn- ;
tl-il t the p niaiicr.. e of our Institutions,
i.rd r. ;.e,-t for the l:uv ii largely condl-
t:fnd upon rs; e t f r Mi" court.". It Is an ;
i. .Ten e mains! the f-t'Ub'.la tj my anything
v 1.1 h mn weaken thf r.;e; t. mva for the
pr.-. -. r-HMin and in t!n mast carefully
vti-ni'-d mat r. -t'-vT j:ii;es 5hoj!d be.
held It: p - uiiar (:: -r; ar.d the duty of
r-'if:i L;':ii .-'.n-l truthtu, comment and crlti-:.-:
n. w-il.-li 5h0i;ldl.e hltidlriir when we1
--i.ea.rv , arybou". t not' Id be fspecinity bind- :
:., when we ieik of tio-:n. tn an av
i ru :e t;; y ta:.d rho e a ay other servants
of the, -oniniiiimy, ;:rd greatest Judges
hi re a --i.e.! the pii, level held by those
few rrreae.st patriots whom the whole coun
trv ii - I.Khti- to JvtJior. i:ut wo jnuist face
the f a' i til at ti.ere are wise aiui unwise
jii'lir. c. ju.-i a.3 there aro .wt. and unwise
exe.-ii-ives or.a 1. :;iht..rs. When a presi
dent or a ;:vi-ni.r,l'L-!iavis improperly , or
;.: !.-ly, the mikOv Is easv. for Jiis term
is ehort; ti.e Xame tine vith tue leRts- j
l.-t"- :i Stho'icii. rot to tre Fame degree,;
for he : or.e of mar.y who belong til some
r.ven ! i::.Mve tuuy, and it is therefore j
I---s .a -v to fx h'y ptrsor.al rspnsibiiity
r.r.d ho;. bi:n a'-roimtji hie i Imrefor. With ai
j.id::-. wli be!!.!: lmm i, is alpo likely la
e-; . t.;jt ii..?-- td;'r is ior Itfe, there i no !
plinCar way of h'jhiins him to repponeihll
iiy. l'r,.:',r or-iinary ' roiniitions the oniy
inmis nf priui e n w hi eh be is In any
n a v arm r. -..h-;e are pui.Mt; opimuon and the
a.-t.en nt' his ieiKw jutljrea. Tt la the la.-.t
nil i Is moft in mediately crTectire, and to
h.h v. e Pho'thl look for the reform .of
a. i: Anv ronmly applb-d from with
out if fraught with rik. ' Tt 1 far better,
tr."n every Fiandpoim. that the remedy
s: o:lt! r-,ue fr..m with!n. In no other na
tion in ;ne world do the courts wield S'.iih
vn-rt ard farre,ich!nir p:Ter as irL the
I n. ted 'Suites. "All th:it is necessary Is llyit
t,e t ourtP as a whole should exerctso' tn is
power v. ith th a f;-.rsitrhted wisdom already
s.-.o-Ati hy thts jud-'-s who pcan the future
while they art In tho present. Let tliem
ci r- ie th'.s e'reftt power no( only honestly
a-.ii hrn. e!y. b'it with w Insight Into the
r-eds and Used inrij".'S of the people, so"
that they may do justice, and work equity,
so thai' they may protoct all persons In
their rights, and yet bn ak djwn the bar-ri-rs
of prlvlleya, whi-jh is tha Xoe of right.
liv-t Save yoroata.
If there is any one duty which more
than a:iui h-r w e owe it to our children
and our children's children to perforin at
once, it Is to Httve the forests of this coun
try, fur they constitute the firt and most
Ur.iortant element in the conservation of
tue natural resourees of the country. There
are -f course two kinds of natural re-t-
mrevs. One is the kind which can only
u-ed p-irt of ii pr'-ee: of exhaustion;
this I trie of mines, nnturnl oil and ga
w. and thn like. The otlier, and of
t i.'f-.He liit .ni aely by far the most Impor
tant, in 'iudi-s t -s resources wl:!cn caa be
lT;TprovoTi ia th jiroees of wise u.se; the
m .i. the river. a id the fnresrt; come under
this head. Any renjly civilized nutlon U1
p u of tese three preat national as
sets thfct the n.-ition wlH have their benefit
:n tiie future, just a- a farmer, after all
hi iife -:iakinp his living from his farm.
Villi, !f l. ii an expert farmer, leave it
a? an aset of increased value to his son,
so v u should leave our national Comnin to
our t-hMdruM. incr?;ijed In vAlue and not
st r. nut. There are tr.-ir.Il sections of our
own countrv. In tho Tast and In the -st,
tn the Ai TondaeK s. tho White Mountains
: d the 'A pp.i i.i-'hians. and In the Rucky
M'.i.na:ns. wlvr wo can already see for
ours.-hts the damage in the shape of per
il, at." nt luj ury to tne soil and the river
k 'if:n, w )nh fonis fr.-m reeklvas defor
e trtii-n. it tna'U-rs not whether this de-loresiati-'-n
is due to the actual reckless
c-ittircr of tin.ber. to the nre that Inevita
bly f.dlow such reeiclcss cuttlnif of timber,
nr to the re..-kle-s ;in. uneorurolled prazlnff,
ei-pe.'iaiSy by the preat migratory bands of
cheep, the uncheckc.l -w:ui.!erini- f whlh
ovrr the country mear.s (ietrtj'-tion to for
tits rcii chatter to the small homemakers,
tne s.-ulers of limited means.
rr.';-;.' tr .u-gi pt .-o-i. or persons blinded
t ie f :ture by tit; be td r.ir.ke muey In
ee- y way out of tho present, sometimes
tfTi-ak aj if n.- great dirnaKe woul 1 be done
by n r : t k.ess eestruu t ton nt our fores.,
It y c. : iT .l i; '. i to have pat;' nee with the arpu-n-.M.t.M
o' the-e j crx-or.A Tc.-u-.kff to our own
re -kit m the u-e c? cur opl end IJ for-
?:?. we c:.ve already crossed the vare of
a tlnh-r fau.iuo in this country, and mo
Tr.f.ifn:-,., tt Wt) r.cw take cm. at le:i for
n.nhy . y.. uiio th.e nus.-hlef that has1 al
r - ,y ha.-n done. P-ut we can prevent fur
t er nu-'l-f l;rc done; nnd it would be
in the hl--ht .jeirrer re pi ehenaihle to- let ttuiy
c. 'r..iler.'it:ot; if ttntrorary convenience or
: rr-.i-orai-y sst Interfere with uch " action,
e. i hilly ax rr-s irds the National forests
w hih the Nat it n can uow, at this very
moment, cnrtr'I.
I'nmae by Forest Wate.
AIT Ft-rioii Ftuurnts of the question are
nware of ' i.e pr at damage that has beon
(h e In ti e Me iiterraman. countries of
Kiir -re. A., a. ar 1 AfrUa. by de-iorejs t-ritlon.
'it " similar l;:mafr that tixa beta done in
K;- tte - n -A,-!. :. iess well known. , A reeer.t
invent nation U.to condition In XrOrth China
by Mr. Frank X. Meyer, of the'. Bureau of
I'.ant Industry of the United- States repaxt
n nt of Agriculture, ria Incluec tally f ur-n'K-hed
in very .etr iking -fashion proof of the
ruin that comes from reckless oer'orestatlon
cf n'ei;ntar.?. ar.d of the further fact that
the .. an;. I once dere may prove practically
irr.--arable. So important are these dnveati
cat ;!: that I tterewita attach as an ap
Inilx to rr.y meeice certain photographs
1 ii:oii:c pre tent conditions in China, They
sh-.w in vivid fashion the uppalMr.ff desola
ti. i, taking the t-ha; of barrerf mountains
ai-.d pravel and ainJ-covercd piains, which
ln.nud;,:terj- loliows and dependa upon the
c.f v.re - tat ir.n of the mountains. Not many
cer.tvrb.rt nco the country .f Northern CMrti
v & one f the nuvt fertile and beautinii
s; .its in the . retire world, and was heavily
foresud. We know thi not oniy from the
bet lawvers th.-y ran obtain to pIcK naws
'he' -tt-tut'-l ni-.or tlieir jiafage; but
u:,o rn.plov a cln.s of s.-ret aent
v u. iv . i-t.der th r-.vi. e of experts, to
: ' .. .. .., ,,..,l oT-.ca throuKh ta
oi l Chinese record, -but from the accounts
Si-en by the traveler, ila-roo Polo. He, for
instance, mention that In visiting th
iVovineea of Shansi and Shensl he observed
majiy plantation of mulberry tree Now
there Im hardly a single mulberry tree . In
either of these provinces, and the-culture of
the silkworm has moved farther south, to re
gions of atmospheric moisture. As an illus
tration of tho complete change In the rivers,
we may take Polo s jnatement that a certain
river, the Hun Ho, was so large and deep
that merchants ascended It from the eea
with heavily laden boats; today this r';s
simply a broad sandy bed, with sha low.,
rapid current, wandering hither and thltner
aeross it. absolutely unnavigable. But we do
not have to depend upon written recorca.
The dry wells, and the wells with water
far below the former watermark, bear testi
mony to the good day of the past and the
evil days of the present. Wherever the na
tive vegetation ha been allowed to remain,
as. for instance, here and there around a
sacred temple or imperial burying ground,
there are a: ill huge trees and tangled jungle,
f-asmonts of the glorious ancient forest.
The thick, matted forest growth formerly
covered the mountain to their summits All
natural factom favored this dense 'oreM
Krowth. and a long as It was permitted to
the plains at the foot of the moun
tain were among the most fertile on the
globe and the whole cpuntTy was a garden.
Kot the slightest effort was made
to prevent the unchecked cutting of the .trees
or to secure reforestation. Doubtlew for
nianv centuri the tree-cutting by the ln
fiSJanlTof the mountain, worked but ftlowlj
in bringing about the changes that have now
come to pass; doubtlew for generations the
SJSIda .wire scarcely noticeable But there
came a time' when the foreat had .htaink
ButTiclently to make each year cutting
eeriois matter, and from that time on the
nstructioa proceeded with appalling rapidity.
S?" of course, each year of destruction ren
dered the forest less able to "JPJ"
able to resist next year's inroad. Mr. . Meyer
Btruetion even now, when there Is so ""le
rt d. morning men and
boy go out armed with mattock or ax, scale
the steepest mountain sides, and cut down
and grr out, root and branch the small
tc. cn-vent their distraction. Each famll.
.immediate of the "'l??
some other comrnunlt. In "B , th9
Bene of JElllo of ""h "mail
,nterr 1n-"bry t.ui.he.1 into a policy of
irrmip l InnltriDiy ' t -non! to take
.lostructinn which can ' ( one ot
tho,1Kbt for the n.0rro-,J1,a? to Wave to
aary for the common safety.
(ve of Kuin lo old World.
The lesion of deforestation In China 1. a
lem whJch mankind should h.v. learned
many time, already from what has oc
curred In o,.hcr paces. D.nud.tlon
naked .oil; then gullying cut, do the
bar rock; and meanwhile the oc'.-""-'
buries, the bottom land,. W the loll Is
on. 'men must go; and the erocess doe.
ni.i:K:& v.imcuon o'thaabofut"s0;
In N..ffh-rn China his broueht about, or
ha, Aided in brl.,KlnS about.
. the destruction of the forest, In Cen
tra. A.a aidrtUd bring..., ruin to the once
rich central Asian cities; Ji.st as the de
struction ot th. forests 1n "t f.rhS
helped towards tho ruin of a relon that
wi ft fertile granary in Roman aa.
J. ort.!Bhted mail whether barl.arlc Km -ctMu
"d or hat he mistakenly raid
a, full v clvlllied. when he has destroyed
fhe forest, has rendered certain . the ulti
mate destruction of tne .land itself. in
Northern China the mountains "re now
;uch as are shown by the acompanMnr
photographs, absolutely barren peaks. .Not
onTy havPe the fore,., been destroyed, but
because of their destruction the soil ha,
boon washed off the naked rock. The ter
Hbl" consequence is that it f, iPoslt'l
no.v to undo the damace that has been
done. Many centuries would have to pass
before soil would asaln collect, or could
bJ 7aue to collect. In '''
one more to support the old-time forest
growth. In conseuuence the Mongol Des
ert I, practically extending eastward over
Northern China. The climate has changed
and U ? "till changlh. It has changed even
within the last half century, as the work,
ot tree destruction has been consummated.
The great musses of arboreal vegetation on
the mountains formerly nbsorbed the neat
of the sun and sent up current of cool air
which brought tho moiiure-laden clouds
lower and forced them to precn-ltate in
rain a part of their burden of water. Now
that there Is no vegetation, the barren
mountains, scorclled by the sun. send up
currents of heated air which drive away
Instead of attracting the rain clouds and
cause their moisture to b. disseminated. In
consequence. InBtead of the regular and
plentiful rains which existed in these re
gion of China when the forests were still
In evidence, the nufortunate Inhabitants ot
the deforested lands now see their crop
wither for lack of rainfall, .while the sea
son, grow more and more Irregular; and a,
tho air becomes dryer certain crops refuse
longer to grow Bt all. That everything
dries out faster than formerly Is shown by
the fact that the level of the wells all over
the land tias unk perceptibly, many of
them having become totally dry. In addi
tion to the resulting agricultural distress,
the watercourses have changed. Formerly
they were narrow and deep, with an abun
dance of clear water the year round; for
the roots and humus of the forests caught
the rainwater and let it escape by slow,
regular seepage. They have now become
broad, shaliuw stream beds, in which
muddy water trickles in Blendert currents
during th dry seasons, while when It rains
there are freshets, and roSWng muddy tor-
. rents come tearing down, bringing disas
ter and destruction everywhere. Moreover,
these floods and freshets, which diversify
the general drynesK. wash away from the
-mduntain Bides, and either wash away or
cover In the valley, the rich, fertile Boll
which It took tens of thousands of year
for Nature to form; and it is lost forever,
and until the forest! grow again it can not
be replaced. The sand and stones from
the mountain sides ar washed loose and
come rolling down to cover the arable
land, and In consequence, throughout this
part of China, -many formerly rich district
are now' sandy wastes, useless for uman
cultivation and even for pasture. Th
cities have been of course seriously af
fected, tor the streams have gradually
ceased to be navigable. -There I testimony
that even within the memory of men now
UvlngMhere has been a serlou diminution
ot tho rainfall of Northeastern China. Th
level of the Sungarl River In Northern
iTanchuria has been sensibly lowered during
the last 50 year, at least rartly as the
result of the Indiscriminate cutting 'of the
forests forming its watershed. Almost all
the rivers of Northern China have become
uncontrollable, and very dangerous to the
dwellers along thetr banks, as a direct
result of the destruction of the fortats.
The Journey from Pekln to Johol shows In
melancholy fashion how th soil has been
washed awaytrom whole valleys," so that
th'ey have been converted Into deserts.
Involution Follow Always.
In Northern China thl disastrous, pro
cess has gone on so long and ha pro
ceeded so far that no complete remedy
could be applied. There are certain moun
tains In China frorr. which the soil is gone
so utterly that only the slow action of the
es COUia api.i. niuro ji; muiuuku,
nrse, much could be done to prevent the
ron
til
Mo
ill iuriiitr -rtflt.u c.iiai.iit ui i.
aior.gO.iai. Udoci, i. , iiiuc:i,a eu' "
ment would act at once. Tho accompany
ing cuts from photographs show the Incon
ceivable desolation of the barren moun
tains tn which certain of these river rise
mountains, be it remembered. which
formerly supported dense forests of ..larches
and firs, now unable to produce any wood,
and because of their condition a source of
danger to the whole country. The photo
graphs also show the same rivers after
they have passed through the mountains,
the bed having become broad and aandy
because of the deforestation of the moun
tain On of the photographs shows a
caravan passing through a valley. Form
erly, when the mountains were forested. It
was thickly peopled by prosperous peas-
I antS. COW IIIU UWUS 111..W U.II1CU uwuuv-
1 tlon all over the land and the valley is a
Stony aeserw rtiiuiuri vuuiidii Bip'na
a mountain-, road covered with the stones
and rocks that are brought down in the
rainy season from the mountains " which
have already been deforested by human
hands. Another shows a pebbly river-bed
in Southern Manchuria where what was
qnce a great stream has dried up owing to
the deforestation in the mountains. . Only
some scrub wood Is left, which will dis
appear within a half century. Yet an
other shows th effect of one of th wash-
outs.' destroying an arable mountain side,
these washouts being due to the removal
of all vegetation; yet in this photograph
the foreground shows that reforestation is
stIH a possibility In places.
What has thus happened in Northern
China, what has happened in Central Asia
in Palestine, in North Africa, in parts or
the Mediterranean countries of Europe, will
surely happen In our country If we do not
exercise that wise forethought which should
be one of the chief marks of any people
calling itself civilized. Nothing should be
permitted to stand In the way of the pres
ervation of the forests, and It Is criminal
to permit Individuals to purchase a Utile
gain for themselves through the destruc
tion of forests when this desiruqtion Is
fatal to the well-being of the whole coun
try In the future.
System in River Improvement.
Action should be begun forthwith dur
ing tUe present session of the Congress,
for the improvement of our-inland water
way action which will result m giving us
not only navigable but navigated rivers. e
have spent hundreils of millions of dollars
j.pon these waterways, yet she traffic on
nearly all of them -i, steadily declining.
This condition is the direct result of tive
absence uf any comprehensive and far-seeing
plan of. waterway ipTovement- Obvi
ously wa can not continue thu to expend
the revenues of the Government without
return. It Is poor business to spend money
for inland navigation, unless we gel It.
Inquiry into the condition of the Missis
sippi and Its principal trbiitaries reveals
very many Instances f the utter waste
caused by the methods whlcji have hither
to obtained for the so-called "improvement"
of navigation. A striking Instance Is sup
piled by the "Improvement" 'of the. Ohio,
which, begun In 1SH4. was continued under
a single plan for half a century.. In 1S75
a hew plan was adopted and followed for
a quarter of a century. In 11HJ2 still a dif
ferent plan was adopted, and has since been
pursued at a rate which only promises
a navigable river In from 20 to 100 years
longer. '
Such shortsighted, vacillating and futile
methods are accompanied b- decreasing
water-borne commerce and increasing traf
fic congestion on land, by Increasing floods,
and by the waste of public money. The
remedy- lies in abandoning the methods
which have so signally failed and adopting
new ones In keeping with the needs and
demands of our people.
Defect In rresentMethods.
In a report on a measure introduced al
the first session of the present Congress,
the Secretary of War said; -'The chief de
fect !ri the methods hitherto pursued lies
in. .He- nhsenco of executive authority for
originating comprehensive plans coverings
the country or. natural divisions thereo!"
la this opinion I i heartily concur. ine
present methods not only fail to give us
Inland navigation, but they are injurious
to the Army as well. What Is virtually
a permanent detail of the Corvs of Ent
gi. eers to civilian duty necessarily impairs
the efficiency of our military establishment.
The military engineers have undoubtedly
done effjeient work In actual construction,
but they are necessarily un:ulted by their
training ami tradition to take the broad
view, and to.eather and. transmit to the
Congress the commercial and industrial in-J
formation and forecasts, upon wnicn v. dier
way improvement must always so largely
rest. Furthermore, t hoy , have tailed to
grasp the" great underlying facf that every
itivam is a unit from Its source to its
mouth, and that all tls uses are interde
pendent. Prominent olficers of the En
gineer Corps have recentiy even gone so
fur as to ueert In pi int. that waterways
are not dependent upon the conservation
of the forests about their headwaters. This
position Is opposed to all tha recent work
ot the scientmo bureaus of the Government
and to the general experience of mankind.
A physician who disbelieved in vaccination
would not be the right man to handle an
epidemic of smallpox, nor should we leave
a doctor skeptical about the transmission
of yellow fever by the Stegomyla mosquito
l.l charge of sanitation at Havana or Panama.-
bo with the improvement of our riv
ers; it Is no longer wise or safe to leave
thlp great work in the haiVls of men who
fail to grasp the. essential relations between
navluatton and general development and
to assimilate, and use the central facts
about our stream. - . ,
Create Permanent ComniissioD.
Until the work of river improvement is
undertaken in a modern way It can not
have results that will meet he needs of
thl modern Nation." These needs should
be met without further dilly-dallying or
delay. The plan which promises the best
and quickest results Is that of a permanent
commission authorized to co-ordinate the
work of all the Government departments
relating to waterways, and to frame and
supervise the execution of a comprehensive
plan. Under such a commission the actual
work of construction might be entrusted
to the reclamation service; or to the mili
tary engineers acting with a sufficient num
ber of civilian to continue the work In
time of war; or it might be divided between
the reclamaton service and the Corps of
Engineers. Funds should be provided from
current revenues if it "is deemed wise
otherwise from- the sale of bonds... The
essential thing is that , the work should go
forward under the best possible plan and
with the least possible delay. We should
have a new tyte- of work and a new or
ganization for planning .and directing it.
The time for playing with' out waterways is
past' The country demands results.
. Care of National Parks. .
t urge that all our National parks ad
jacent to National forests be placed com
pletely under the control of tha forest serv
ice of the Agricultural Department, instead
of leaving them as they now are, under the
Interior Department and policed by the
Army. The Congress should provide for
superintendents with adequate corps of
first-class civilian scouts, or rangers, and
further, place the road construction under
tlie superintendent' instead of leaving It
with the War Department. Such a change
in park management would result in econ
omy and avoid the difficulties ot adminis
tration which now .arise from having the
responsibility of care and protection divided
between different departments. The need
for this course is peculiarly great in tho
Yellowstone Park. This, lika the Yosemlte.
is a great wonderland, and should be kept
as a National plaground. m In both all wild
things should- be protected, and the scenery
kept wholly unmarred.
-1 am happy to say that I have been
able., to set aside In various parts ot tfie
country small, well-chosen tracts of ground
to aerve as sanctuaries and nurseries for
wild creatures. m
I'M of Denatured Alcohol. .
I had occasion In my message -of May
4, 1906. to urge the passage of some law
putting alcohol, used in the arts, industries
and manufactures, upon the free list; that
Is, to provide for 'the withdrawal free of
tax of alcohol which is to be denatured for
those purposes. Th law of June T. 1900,
and its amendment of March 2. 1907. ac
complished what was. desired in that re
sp'ect, and the us of denatured alcohol, as
intended.' is making a" fair degree of pro
gress -and is entitled to further encourage
ment and support from the Congress. V
Pure ' Food.
The pur-food legislation has already
worked a benefit difficult to overestimate.
- Abolish Indian Agents.
It has been my purpose from the begin
ning of my Administration to tak the In
dian Service completely out of the atmos
phere of rolltlcal activity, and there hns
been steady progress toward that end. The
last remaining, stronghold of politics in
that service was the agency system, which
had seen it best days and wa gradually
f&llin'g to pieces from natural or purely evo
lutionary causes, but. like all such sur
vivals, was decaying slowly In Is later
stages. It seem clear tnat its extinction
had better be made final now. so that
the. ground can be cleared for larger con
structive work . on behalf of the Indians,
preparatory to their Induction Into the full
measure of responsible oitiznshlp. On
November 1 only 18 agencies were left on
the roster; with' two exceptions, where some
legal questions '"seemed to stand- te'nipo
rarly -In the way. these have been changed
to superintendences, and their heads
brought into the classified clviV service. .
I's of Secret Service. v
. Tjast year an amendment wa Incorporat
ed .in the measure providing tor the Secret
Service, which provided that there should
be no detail. from the Secrit Service and
no transfer- therefrom; It is not toy much
to say that this amendment has been of
benefit .only, and could be of benefit only,
.to the criminal classes.
If deliberately introduced for ttfle purpose
of diminishing the effectiveness .pf war
against crime it could not have been bet
ter devised to this end. It forbade the
practices that had been followed to - a
greater or less extent by the executive
heads of Various departments for 20 years.
To these practices we owe the securing of
evidence which enabled u tp drive great
lotteries cut of business and secur a quar-
"We are showing this season a very superior
line of ladies' and men's Writing Desks, in
golden oak, mahogany, birdseye maple, wal
nut and weathered oak, in a great variety
of models. Prices range from $6.50 to $100.
We show here today a sample from the
medium-priced stock. ...
This is Style No. 238, and the illustration was made
from photo. "We have the same style in golden oak,
birdseye maple' and mahogany. The writing table
is 28x30; the1 interior arrangement of pigeon-holes,
stamp-drawers, etc.', is both novel and convenient.
Two large drawers beneath writing table give ample
capacity for records and coriwspondence.. I)rawer
pulls and locks are of polished brass ; made by the
celebrated Ilerzog Furniture Company, they are of
the highest standard of workmanship in every de
tail, the hand-rubbed polish being ex-
ceptionally fine. They make beautiful
and serviceable gifts and priced atT
- ' Easy terms if desired.
Good goods and the lowest prices in the city on all kinds of holiday goods.
GEVURTZ' RECEPTION TONIGHT
You' are extended a cordial invitation to attend our reception tonight, commenc
ing at 7 o'clock. Music on the third floor. Take a fine art calendar with you.
First and Yamhill.
ter of a ml of dollars in fines from
their promoters. These- practice, have en
abled us tr. discover some of the most out
rageous frauds . in connection with the
theft of Government land and Government
timber by great corporation, and by individuals.-
These- oractices have enabled us
tol get soma of the evidence Indispensable
In order to secure the convietlon of the
wealthiest and most formidable, criminals
with hom the Government ha o deal,
both those operating In violation of the
antitrust law and others. The amendment
1,1 question waa of benefit to no one ex-,
ceptlng to these criminals, and it serlousiy
hampers the Government In the detection
of crima and .the securing of Justice. More
over it not only affects decartments out
side 'of the Treasury, but it tends to hamper
the Secretary of the Treasury himself in
the errort to utilize tne employe of his
department so as to best met the require
ments ot the public service. It forbids
him from preventing frauds upon the cus
toms service, from investigating Irregulari
ties in branch mints and assay oltices. and
has 'seriously crippled him. It prevents
the promotion of employes In the Secret
Service; and- tlis further discourages good
efforr ' In Its present form .he. restriction
operates vnl" to tne advantage of the crim
inal of the wrongdoer. The chief argument
in favor of the provision was , that tha
Congressmen did not themselves wish to
be Investigated by Secret Service hicn. Very
little of 'such investigation has been done
In the past; but It Is true that the work
of the Secret Service agents was partly re
sponsible for the indictment and conviction
of a Senator and a Congressman for land
fraud in Oregon. I do not believe that it
Is in . the public Interest to protect crim
inals in anybranch of the public service,
and exactly as we have again and again
during the past seven years prosecuted and
convicted such criminals who were in the
executive branch of the Government, so in
my beBef we should - be. given ample
means to prosecute them If found in the
legislative branch. But it thl if not con
sidered desirable a special exception could
be made In the law prohibiting the use
of the Secret Service force In investigating
members ot the Congress. It would be far
bettor to do this than to do. what actually
was done, arid strive to prevent or at
least to hamper effective action against
criminals by the executive branch of the
Government.
Ehlbbh Postal Banks.
I again renew my recommendation for
postal snvlngs banks, for depositing savings
with the security of the Government be
hind them. The object is to encourage
thrift and economy in the wage-earner and
person of moderate means. In fourteen
states the deposits in savings banks a
reported to the Controller of the Currency
amount to $3,390,245,402. or 33.4 per cent
of tha entire deposits, while in the remain
ing S2 states there are only $70,308,543. or
1.6 per cent, showing conclusively that
there aro many localities In the United
States where sufficient opportunity Is not
glven to the poople to deposit their sav
ings. Tho result is that money Is kept
in hiding and unemployed. It 1, believed
that the aggregate, vast sums of money
would be brought Into circulation through
the instrumentality of the postal Bavin ga
barks. While there are only 14.13 savings
banks reporting to the Controller, therrf are
more than 61.000 postoftlces, 40,000 of
which are money-order offices. Postal sav
ings banks are now in operation in prac
tlcaWy all the great civilized countries with
the exception of the United States.
. Rural Puroela Post.
In my last annual message I commended
tho Postmaster-General's recommendation
for an extension of the parcel post on the
rural 'routes. The establishment of a local
parcel post on rural routes would be to
the mutual benefit of the farmer and the
country storekeeper, and it Is desirable that
the routes, serving more than 15,000.000
people, should be utilized to the fullest
practicable extent. An amendment was
proposed tn tho Senate at tne last ses
sion, at the suggestion of the PostmaAter
General. providing that, for the purpose
of ascertaining the practicability of estab
lishing a special local parcel post, system
on the rural routes throughout the United
States, the Postmaster-General be author
ized and directed to experiment and report
to the Congress the result of such experi
ment by establishing a special local parcel
post system on rural delivery routes in not
to, exceed four counties In the United Stages
for packages of fourth-class matter origi
nating on a rural route or at the distrib
uting postofflce for delivery by rural car
riers. It would seem only 'proper that such
art experiment should be tried in order to
demonstrate' the practicability of the prop
osition, especially a the Postmaster-General
estimates that the revenue derived
from the operation of Buch .a system on ail
the rural routes would amount to many
million dollars. , .
More Money for Education.
. The share that the National Government
shouldV tako in the broad work of educa
tion has not received the. attention.,, and
the care it rightly deserve. The immedi
ate - responsibility for the support and. Im
provement of our educational systems and
institutions rests and should always rest with
the people of the several state acting
through their atate and local government,
but the Nation has- an opportunity In edu
cational work which must not be loat and a
duty which should no longer be neglected.
The National Bureau of education wa es
tablished more than 40 years ago. Its pur
pose Is to collect, and diffuse such Informa
tion "as shall aid the people of the United
States in the establishment and maintenance
of efficient "school systems and otherwise pro
mote the cause of education throughout the
country." This purpose in no way conflicts
A WRITING DESK MAKES
AN IDEAL. GIFT FOR A
LADY OR GENTLEMAN
0NS
with the educational work of the states, but
may be made of great advantage to the:
states by giving them the fullest, most ac
curate, and hence the most helpful Informa
tion and suggestion regarding the best edu
cational system.-. The Nation, through its
broader field of activities. Its wider oppor
tunity for obtaining information from all
the states and "from foreign countries, is able
to do that which not even the richest Btates
can do. and with the distlnot additional ad
vantage that the information thus obtained
Is used for the immediate benefit of ail our
people. "
-With the limited means hitherto provided,
the Bureau of Education ha rendered effi
cient service, but the Congress has neglected
ro adequately supply the bureau with means
to meet the educational gi-owth of the coun
try. The appropriations for the general work
of the bureau, outside education In Alaska,
for the year 1900 are but $87,50(1 an amount
less than they were ten years ago, and some
or the Important Items In these approprra
tions are less than they were 30 years ago.
It is an Inexcusable waste of public money
to appropriate an amount which Is so Inade
quate as to make It Impossible properly to
do the work authorized, and it Is unfair to
the great educational Interests, of thel coun
try to deprive them of the value of the re
sults which can be obtained by proper ap
propriations. I earnestly recommend that this unfor
tunate state of affairs as regards the Na
tional educational office be remedied by ade
quate appropriations. This recommendation
Is urged by the representatives of our com
mon schools and great state universities and
the leading educators, who all unite In re
questing favorable consideration and action
by the Congress upon this subject.
Civil Service Law for Censu.
I strongly urge that the request of the Di
rector of the Census in connection with, the
decennial work so soon to be begun, be com
plied with and that the appointments to the
census force be placed under the civil service
law, waiving the geographical requirement
as requested by the Director of the Census.
The supervisor and enumerators should not
be appointed under the civil service law. for
the reason given by the Director. I commend
to the Congress the careful consideration or
the admirable report of the Director of the
Census, and I trust that his recommendations
will be adopted and Immediate action thereon
taken.
Care of Public Health,
It is highly advisable that there should be
Intelligent action on the part of the -lon
on the question of preserving the health of
the country. Through the practical ex
termination in San Francisco of dU-ease-bear-lng
rodents our country has thu far escaped
the bubonlo plague. This is but one of the
many achievements of American health officers-
and it shows what can be accomplishe I
with a better organisation than at present
XThe' dangers to public health from-food
adulteration and from many other sources
such as the menace to the physical, mental
ar.d moral development of children from
child labor, should be met and overcome.
There are numerous diseases, which ar now
known to be preventable, which are, never
theless, not prevented. The recent Inter
national Congas on Tuberculosi, h mad
us painfully aware of the Inadequacy of
American public health lWation This Na
tion cannot afford to lag behind in the
world-wide battle now being waged by all
civilized people with the microscopic foes of
mankind, nor ought w. longer to ignore , th.
reproach that this Government takes mon
pains to protect the lives of hogs end, of cat
Tle than of human beings. The first legisla
tive step to be taken 1 that for the concen
tration of the proper bureaus into one of the
existing departments. I therefore urgently
"comnfend the passage of a bill which shall
"uThoriz a redlstrlbutlo. of the bureaus
which shall best accomplish thl end.
Control of Public Printing.
I recommend that legislation be enacted
nlaclng under the Jurisdiction of the De
partment of Commerce and Labor the Gov
ernment Printing Office. At present this
office is under the combined control, super
vision and administrative direction of the
President and of the Joint committee on
minting of th two House of the Congress.
The advantage of having th. 4009 pIoy.
in this office and the expenditure of the
$5 761,877.57 appropriated therefor super-t-taed
by an executive department la ob
vious. in.tead of th present combined u-
peAU8loldier" homes should be placed un
der the complete Jurisdiction and control
of the War Department. .
Economy and sound business policy re
quire that all existing Independent bureaus
and commissions should be placed under the
Jurisdiction of appropriate executive depart
ments It Is unwise from every standpoint,
and result only In mischief, to have any
executive work done save by the purely
executive bodies, under the control of the
President; and each such executive body
hould b under the Immediate upervllon
of a Cabinet Minister. .
Admit Two New Stat.
I advocate the immediate admission .of
New Mexico and Arizona as state This
should be done at the present session of
the congress. The people of the two ter
ritories have made it evident by their vote
that they will not come In a one tate.
The only alternative 1 to admit them a
two. and I trust thl mill be done without
call th attention of the Congress to
th importance of the problem of the fish
eries in the interstate water. On the Great
Lakes we are now, under the very wise
treaty of April 11 of this year, endeavor
ing to come to an international agreement
for the preservation and satisfactory us
of the fisheries of these waters which can
not otherwise be achieved. Lake Erie, for
wiiiiii
(WiiMa
Just Like Cut j
Second and Yamhill.
example, has the richest fresh water fish
eries in the world, bu it Is now controlled
by the statutes of tw6 nations, four states
and one province, and in this province by
different ordinances tn different counties.
All these political divisions work at cross
purposes, and In no case can they achieve
protection to the fisheries, on the one hand,
and Justice to the localities and Individuals
on the other. The case Is similar In Puget
Sound.
Columbia, River Ilsherle.
But the problem Is quite as pressing In
the interstate waters of the United State.
The salmon fisheries of the Columbia Klver
are now but a fraction of what they were
25 years ago, and what they would be now
if the United States Government had taken
complete charge of them by intervening be
tween Oregon and Washington. During
these 25 years the fishermen of each state
have naturally tried to take all they could
get. and the two Legislatures have nevev
been able to agree on Joint action of any
kind adequate in degree for the protection
of the fisheries. At the moment the fish
ing on the Oregon side is practically closed,
whlie there Ib no limit on the Washington
side of any kind, and no one can tell what
the courts will decide as to the very stat
utes under which this action and nonac
tion result. Meanwhile very few salmon
reach the spawning grounds, and probably
four years hence the fisheries will amount
to nothing: and this comes from a struggle
between the associated, or gill-net, fisher
men on the one hand, and the owners ot
the fishing wheels up the river. The fisher
ies of the Mississippi, the Ohio and the
Potomac are also in a bad way. For this
there Is no remedy except for the United
"States to control and legislate for the In
terstate fisheries as part of the business of
Interstate commerce. In thl cas the ma
chinery for scientific investigation and for
control already exists In the United States
Bureau of Fisheries. In this as in similar
problems the obvious and simple rule should
be followed by having those matters which
no particular state can manage taken In
hand by tho United States; problems which
In the seesaw of conflicting state Legisla
tures are absolutely unsolvable ar aasy
enough for ihe Congress to control.
The Federal statute regulating interstate
trafTlc In game should be extended to In
clude fish. New Federal fish hatcheries
should be established. The administration
of the Alaskan Fur-seal service should bo
vested In the Bureau of Fisheries.
Nation' Foreign Policy.
This Nation's foreign policy Is hsd on
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Our Tuning
and
Repair
Department
I
I
I
f
I
f
V
I
' Has for years been th
best on the Coast, as the year-
ly Increase In business will
attest.
Recently the servicos of Mn.
J. A. Shaw, a piano and plano
player expert of most exten
sive experience In Eastern
manufacturing; circles and of
National renown, has been
added to our force. Surround
ed, as we are, by a corps of
trained and competent tuners,
polishers and regulators, the
quality of our work Is meet
ing with enthusiastic approval
at all hands. Under our an
nual tuning contract thou
sands of pianos of various
makes and styles have been
tuned and carefuUy cared for
durinsr the past year. With
our doubly efficient corps of
tuners we expect to add great
ly to this number.
Let us explain to you how
our yearly piano tuning- con
tract at $5.50 will save you
money. Insure your piano al
ways belnfr in tune and, best
of all, will prevent It from depreciating-
In value.
Telephone or mall order"
receive prompt attention.
Exchange Ko. 23
dlinvtvr ot
picttiorelitibilitx
353 WASHINGTON STnEET.
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A 2354 tf