' ' ' . , - . - ' ' - ' ' ,,..'.,.,,, , ' ,
PORTLAND, OREGON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 19Q8.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
VOL. XLVIII. NO. 14,97..
00TIMSF0
FULTON BACKED
BY GOTHAM PAPER
NEW YORK TRIBUNE CONFI
DENT OF HIS RE-ELECTION.
SHAMEFUL LIFE
ENGINEER SAVES
TRAVELERS' LIVES
STRIKERS ATTACK
JERSEY DEPUTIES
GIRLS GIVE PARTY
IN MEN'S CLOTHES
OVER 100 PERISR
SHORT TERM ONLY
LED BY DE
REDUCES SPEED AND MAKES
COLLISION HARMLESS.
SECRET LET OCT BECAUSE AF
FAIR WAS "JUST TOO CUTE."
STEAMER
BURNS
SAGAN
Vlay Again Take Office
in January.
AACE ANTE-ELECTION PLEDGE
Vould Step Down if Letters
Were Not Published.
VEWSPAPERS TOO. ANXIOUS
logan to Iet Oat Bits of Interesting
.Information When Gordon Scan
dal Was Sprung Mead
In Conference.
S K A TT I E, W ash., Nov. 25.-4 S pecial.)
-Sensations following the publication thU
nnrninjf of the letter of resignation of
l!:!o A. Root, member of the Supreme
Court of the Stat of Washington, have
leveloned thick and fast.
Tonight it H announced that Justice
:tiot has resigned his position for only
i bout a month. Should he so choose, he
ould qualify for his term of office for
I; next six years, the long term for
.vhirh he whs recently elected.
Jurl- R.Mtt'n friends censure him for
jufttinK under Are. The Rar Association's
roM had scarcely been set to work when
fudge Root n-slKned.
Had Promised to Hcslgn.
In tendering; his resignation, those who
have 'kept tab on the situation declare
hat Justine R-ot has carried out to the
etter his promises made before election.
Previous to I action, the epistolary ln
1iscrtloii9 mentioned in Root's letter of
-rsiirnalion wore brought to certain news
papers throughout the state for political
reasons. The loiters were In the posses
iion of men who were opposed to the re
duction of Justice Root to the Supreme
Justice Root was called into conference
with tin newspaper owners and In con
sideration of the letters not bHng pun
ished before- election. Justice Root agreed
.1 resign on account of ill-health before
h qualified. ,
eus-finpers Couldn't Keep Secret.
Th plan was to cover up the scandal
nvolvlnic one member of the Supreme
vnch and at least one member of the bar
ind a former Justice.
This plan would have carried well had
il the newspapers been able to keep
rhe'r promises. A little leaked out at a
:hne and th matter was brought to the
tttention of Justice Hadley. Justice Had
;y Is a man against whom there has
never been a breath of suspicion.
Justice Root was given to understand
how matters stood and was allowed to
call ffr his own Investigation, which he
did. The matter was referred to the Bar
Association, which appointed a special
committee to Investigate the charges. The
committer did not find tt convenient to
meet until yesterdny and It la practically
assured that the members were aware of
th f-t t that Justice Root was to resign.
Rohinson Opened Fire First.
Had events progressed as it was Intended.
Justice Root would have resigned under
the plea of poor health and the people of
the state would have been none the wiser.
Purine the last primary campaign.
Judge Robinson, of Olympia. after he had
been disbarred by the Supreme Court,
boldly attacked Justice Root on the stump
hut found not enough credence In nis
charges to affect the nomination of Jus
tice Root, so strong was the confidence
of the public.
But the letter of resignation to Governor
Mead, with Its reference to "epistolary
Indiscretions." and the fact that It came
at the critical moment, caused a pro
fund depression In tlte minds of thos
w- had always stood for Justice Root.
Attorneys Have Letters.
These letters were, until recently, safe
In the possession of some Spokane attor
neys. They were held as a club for tue
protection of Judge Gordon. Whether :
they will continue as a bar to further in
vestigation remains to be seen. ,
The charges against Justice- Root grew ,
out of an alleged defalcation by Judge i
Gordon, attorney for the Great Northern :
and an ex-Justice of the Supreme Court. I
"-JuflBp Gordon was said to he $0,0t short I
in his accounts, and that money sent him 1
by the legal department in Si. Paul to
settle claims against the road was not
properly accounted for. To this Judge
Gordon calmly replied that the money
had been spent to the best interests of
ti;e Great Northern, and from this state
ment grew others thut culminated In the
reuesi of Justice Root that an Invest I
gt'ion be made.
Speculation as to the appointment of
Roofs successor was rife among the at
torneys of weattle today. Of the names
mentioned for the office, that of Judge
R. B. Albertson. of the King County Su
perior Court, seemed the most general.
He was originally appointed to the local
bench by Governor Mead, and has been
tio elected since that appointment.
Th, appointment of Judge Albert son
would leave a vacancy on the Superior
bench and would give Governor Md a
econd appointment because of Root's
resignation.
Mead Confer With Xeterer.
At Be'Ilngham today. Governor Albert
E. Meed and Judge Jeremiah Neterer,
t Concluded ea Face t
Disputi'h From Washington Indi
cates Impression Legislature Will
Send Republican to Senate.
OREGON'IAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington. Nov. 25. Senator Fulton had
Intended leaving for Hot Springs to
morrow night for a conference with
President-elect Taft and Chairman
Hitchcock, but In response to a tele
graphic Invitation left this afternoon
and will spend Thanksgiving wjth
Taft and other party leaders. A
Washington dispatch to the New York
Tribune says:
"Re-election to the Senate of Charles
W. Fulton, whose term expires March
4, Is coming, to be regarded as extreme
ly likely by Republicans who have
looked Into the Oregon situation. The
popular Impression that the Oregon
Legislature, although strongly Repub
lican, Is in honor bound to elect Gov
ernor Chamberlain a Democrat to the
Senate, has been severely shaken by a
closer knowledge of facts than news
paper reports afforded at the time of
the primaries and by an exposition of
the methods by which the nomination
of Cake as the Republican candidate
was accomplished."
After explaining the situation, the
dispatch concludes:
"Senator Fulton Is taking no part
In the contest but It is conceded that
if a Republican Senator Is elected he
will be chosen and the hope for his
re-election Is expressed by Republican
leaders In the Upper House who hold
him personally and his services as a
legislator in high estimation."
On December 7 six additional letter
carriers will be appointed for Portland.
DORANDO IS AGAIN WINNER
Italian Defeats Hayes by Third of
Lap in Marathon Race.
NEW YORK. Nov. 25. Amid the crash
of rival bands, one American and one
Italian, and the thunderous cheers of
thousands who urgeu en their favorite,
Dorando Pletrl, who was supported over
the line tho winner In the Marathon
race at th. Olympian games last Sum
mer, but was disqualified because of the
assistance, again claimed title to the
honor by defeating John J. Hayes, of
New York City, In the race- which start
ed tonight at o'clock.
Dorando was victor by a third of a lap
and his time for the 28 miles, 3S5 yards,
was 2 hours', 44 minutes. 20 2-5 seconds.
Hayes" time was 2 hours. 46 minutes.
5 1-5 seconds. To cover the distance It
was necessary for the runners to make
the circuit of the ring at Madison Suuare
Garden 262 times. At the ten-mile post
both men were fighting for honors, with
Dorando three feet In the lead. The
race was started by Richard Croker. who
fired the pistol which sent both runners
flying around the track.
ROPER HELD AT REDDING
Lost In Mountains, Went Insane,
Found, Escaped, Caught Again.
REDDING. Cal., Nov. 25. Charles
Roper, of Talent. Or., who was lost
for ten days In the mountains of
Southern Oregon and went insane from
hunger and exposure, and who escaped
last Saturday from a searching party
which had found him the day before
and was taking him home, is being
held here awaUing the arrival of his
brother.
Roper came to Redding yesterday
and was recognized last night by a de
scription sent out. and taken in charge
by three officers, who placed him In the
detention ward of the local hospital.
The missing man was heavily armed
and well supplied with money. He
seemed to be mentally deranged, but
after being under the care of physicians
for 24 hours his mind appears to be
somewhat clearer.
Roper admits his identity, but has
no recollection of his wanderings dur
ing the last ten duyt and cannot ac
count for his having come to Redding.
WOMAN SHOOTS HER ENEMY
Fatal Wound Inflicted as Result of
Ten Years Quarrel.
RENO, Nov.. Nov. 25 (Special.) On
a lonely road near Dayton, Nev., Mrs.
Mellnda, Venture, a wealthy and promi
nent ranch owner, shot Peter Cassannel
yesterday afternoon, the result of bit
terness engendered ten years ago. Cas
ern nne 11 is probably dying tonight.
Mrs. Venture occupies a cell In the
County Jail. - She Is the first woman to
have been so confined In the history of
Lyon County.
Friends of the. dying man and the
woman are trying to suppress the facts
concerning the shooting. They met late
yesterday and. without preliminary
words, Mrs. Venture pulled a revolver
and began firing. Then she returned to
fleers.
GIRL VICTIM OF TORNADO
Child Killed In Missouri Windstorm
by Falling; Timbers.
RED SPRINGS. Mo., Nov. 25. A tor
nado struck this place this morning and
wrecked a large number of buildings, in
cluding a hotel. Gertrude Vlles, th 12-year-old
daughter of the proprietor, mas
killed by falling Umbers
Count Boni's Lawyer
Exposes Misdeeds.
DOES NOT SPARE PRINCESS
Tells of Travels Together Be
fore Marriage.
MAKES AUDIENCE LAUGH
Offer of Dissolute Prince to Enter
Monastery Excites Roars of
Merriment Exposure of
. Count Bonl Promised.
PARIS, Nov. 25. The first day's pro
ceedings in the suit of Count Bonl de
Castellane against his former wife, who
was Miss Anna Gould, of New York, and
is now the wife of Prince Helle de Sagan,
for the custody of his three children
were characterized by a strong denuncia
tion of the Prince and Princess by M.
Bonnet, who represented Count de Cas
tellane. The courtroom was crowded.
There were more Americans and English
present than French.
Prince Helie and the Count glared at
one another for four hours, while M.
Bonnet pleaded that the custody of the
children be confined to their grand
mother, the Marquise de Castellane, be
cause the marriage of Mme. Gould to
the Prince had polluted the atmosphere
of their home. He described the mar
riage as a catastrophe, which has re
sulted in the quasl-abondonment of the
children, and without mercy raked De
Sagan's past his early life, his amorous
adventures with questionable companions,
his ostracism by his family, the month
be had spent In jail before the case
charging him with the forgery of notes
to the value of IhO.OOO, which was not
pressed through the Intervention of his
father, and his amorous escapades even
since his marriage.
De Sagan Offers to Become Monk.
The Princess reputation after she fell
under the Influence of De Sagan was
likewise assailed In scathing terms by
Count Boni's counsel. He described her
conduct with Prince de Sagan on both
sides of the Atlantic and spoke of the
scandal which he declared It caused. M.
Bonnet offered to bring proof of many
of the incidents to which he referred.
In ail there are 39 different counts in
the Indictment, and such an array of
scandal has seldom been witnessed, even
In a French court. The spectators laughed
uproariously at the statement that Prince
Helle was anxious to seek a monastery
and their laughter was even augmented at
(OnrlurtPd on Pa .1.)
, . . ....... ........................... .... ..f
PROSPERITY'S REOPENING '
. ' '
j I
I. . . . .... . . . ,
Fireman Jumps and Is Killed, but
Severson Sticks to Post Dug
Out of Wreckage' Cnhurt.
LA CROSSE. Wis., Nov. 25. The hero
Ism of Engineer Julius Severson, of
La Crosse, saved the lives of 150 pass
engers in a collision between Burling
ton railway trains at Portage Junction,
111., early today. As passenger train
No. 47, the heaviest on the line, drew
near Portage Junction, a freight train
was noticed Just ahead.
The fireman jumped and was killed,
but Mr. Severson stuck, to his post,
applied the emergency brakes and suc
ceeded In considerably reducing ' the
speed of the train, which had been
running at the rate of 60 miles an
hour, before the freight train was
struck. A half-dozen box cars were
wrecked and piled on the engine.
The engineer was dug out of the de
bris unhurt and none of the passen
gers was hurt.
BREAK SKULL WITH PIPE
Man to Whom Potter Offered Shel
ter Tries to Rob Benefactor.
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 25. Gustav
Puis, a potter, sustained a fractured
skull early today In a beating admin
istered with pieces of gaspipe by two
unknown men, one of whom Puis had
taken to his room In a Third-street
hotel. Puis met the man on the street
and believing him destitute, agreed to
give him shelter. The stranger evi
dently admitted an accomplice to the
apartment, for when the clerk was
aroused by the sound of a desperate
conflict, two men made their escape.
Puls was found some distance from the
hotel entrance, having followed his as
sailants. Although his money remained
undisturbed, it Is believed that robbery
was the motive for the crime.
"WORK OR REVOLT" IS CRY
London Enemployed Declare They
Do Not Intend to Starve.
LONDON, Nov. 25. Thousands of the
unemployed of London, carrying a large
banner with the words: "Work or revo
lution; the government must decide,"
marched through the fashionable districts
of the city this afternoon. This Is the
first of a series of similar demonstra
tions and. speaking of the procession to
day, one of the leaders said:
"We are going to let the West End
know that the East End does not intend
to starve."
COLLEGE MAN IN SCANDAL
Ten Eyck Arrested on Charge of
Fleecing Poolbuyer.
SYRACUSE, N. T., Nov. 25. James A.
Ten Eyck. stroke of Syracuse University
eight-oared crew, was arrested here to
day for the Chicago police. He Is charged
with being a party to a pool game In
which Chris Hansen was fleeced out of
$1:150.
Troops Guard Perth
Amboy Factories.
FOREIGNERS GO ON WARPATH
Say Higher Wages Promised if
Taft Was Elected.
SIX RIOTERS SHOT DOWN
Armed Bands Parade Country, Forc
ing Suspension of Wori Until
Sheriff's Men Give Battle.
Then Rioters Flee.
PERTH AMBOY, N. J., Nov. 25. After
a pitched battle between 700 strikers and
12 deputies today at the factory of the Na
tional Fireproofing Company, at Keasbey,
near here, in which six of the strikers
were shot down. Governor J. Franklin
Fort dispatched four companies of the
National Guard at Trenton to the scene
and tonight the streets are patrolled by
250 soldiers.
Intense excitement prevails, as the
strikers declare the Deputy Sheriffs were
not justified in firing upon them. Two of
the 'wounded men are dying in the hos
pital. The citizens fear for the morrow,
when a renewal of the attack on the
plant of the National Fireproofing Com
pany Is threatened.
Say Advance Was Promised.
For two days there has been rioting at
Keasbey and neighboring towns along
the Rarltan River. The men employed
by the Rarltan River Clay Company
went on strike two weeks ago for
higher wages. They marched to the
plant of the Perth Amboy Firebrick
Company and Induced the men there to
go out. On each succeeding day the
men Increased In numbers and marched
to other towns to induce emoloyes to
leave their work. The strikers, nearly
all of whom are foreigners, say that
they were given to understand before
election that. If Taft were elected, their
pay would be restored to $1.50 a day. It
now is 11.30. The officials of the fac
tories deny that mich .a promise was
made.
Attack American Workmen.
Several hundred strikers appeared on
the streets yesterday, flourishing revolv
ers and, when the Deputy Sheriffs en
deavored to disperse the gathering, they
were met with a fusillade of stones. They
continued to advance and the strikers
retreated.
A number of American workmen who
remained on duty at the fireproofing
(Concluded on Paso .)
Scandal at Bellingham" When It Is
Reported Young Women Smoked
and Drank Wine.
BELLINGHAM, Wash., Nov. 25. (Spe
cial.) Jauntily clad In evening clothes
borrowed from the masculine friends or
"swiped" from the "wardrobes of their
brothers, eight young women, prominent
In Bellingham society, last evening pa
raded one of the most exclusive residence
districts of the city, on their way to ani
from a "stag" party given by one of
their number.
Although it was the intention of the
girls to keep the matter a secret, several
of them were recognized in spite of their
unusual disguises, and a decided scandal
has resulted. Wine, cigarettes and other
distinctively masculine amusements were
indulged In at the party and rumors are
current of the presence of several prom
inent business men of the city at what
was supposed to be strictly a girl's affair.
When pressed for reasons for the startl
ing costumes and bizarre form of enter
tainment, the young women advanced no
reasons beyond the plea that it was "just
too cute," and that the fun was well
worth the consequent bother. Heroic
efforts were made to keep the affair from
becoming public property, but Indiscreet
admissions on the part of the young wo
men gave the thing away.
MAE OTIS' NEW DISEASE
Moral Anaesthesia' Explains Con
spiracy to Kill Mother.
CHICAGO, Nov. 25. Moral anaesthe
sia, a deadening of the moral percep
tions, was ascribed to Mae L. Otis, when
the hearing of her case was begun in the
Municipal Court here today. Miss Otis
was arrested recently, charged with at
tempting to conspire to murder her
mother. Mrs. Sarah Otis.
"Miss Otis does not even live up to
her own moral standard; she seems per
fectly subjective to outside suggestion."
said the alienist, Dr. Harriet Alexander,
who was placed on the witness stand.
Dr. L. L. Baldwin, City Physician, sug
gested that the young woman be placed
in a sanitarium until her mental condi
tion can be determined.
The charge was dismissed by Judge
Gemill, who held that there was no
statute covering the offense and that no
crime was committed.
TUNNEL 5657 FEET LONG
Western Pacific "Completes Cut Un
der Pequop Mountains, Nevada.
SAN FRANCISCO. Nov. 25. The West
ern Pacific Railroad Company announced
today the completion of its Flower Lake
tunnel, which cuts under the Pequop
Mountains, in Nye County, Nevada. The
tunnel, which is on the main line of the
Western Pacific, is 5657 feet in length.
Almost tlte entire distance is through
solid limestone and the work of drilling
it through the mountain consumed 21
months.
SALS BRINGS $6,500,000
Effects of Morse's Old Steamship
Lines Sold at Auction.
PORTLAND. Me., Nov. 25. The effects
of the Consolidated Steamship Lines of
Maine were sold at auction today for
$6,600,000 to a committee of the bondhold
ers of the company. The sale was held
by special masters, under a decree of the
United States Circuit Court.
The assets were sold in one parcel
and consisted practically of the entire
Issue of the stock of the Alallory,
Clvde. Eastern, New York, Cuba Mail
and New York and Porto and Metro
politan Steamship Companies aggre
gating in value 2a,oo.ouu.
There was only one bid and one bid
der. The bid was satisfactory to the
special masters and the assets were
ordered to be turned over to the sub
committee subject to the confirmation
of the court.
MUTINY IS SUPPRESSED
Gunboats Sent to Nankin Modern
Education for Baby Emperor.
PEKIN. Nov. 25. According to fur
ther advices received here today, the
mutinous outbreak of troops at Nan
kin is at an end and order has been
restored. The German gunboat litis
has left Nankin for Hankow, but the
British gunboat Flora remains there.
The French gunboat Is on its way from
Shanghai to Nankin.
It has been learned that the govern
ment, in its selection of a regent and
a successor to the throne, was Inspired
by a desire to win foreign approval
and consequently the diplomats here
indulged the hope that the training
of the Infant, Emperor Pu Yi, will be
in accordance - with modern ideas.
Grand Councillor Chang Chi Tung has
been proposed for his tutor.
LOVE SUIT IS SETTLED
Damage Case Over Woman's Affec
tion Taken Out of Court.
HILLSBORO, Or., Nov. 25. (Special.)
Circuit Court is in session here this
week, and the grand jury, the first con
vened for years, has been sworn and
is now taking evidence. The petit jury
was dismissed until next Monday, when
trials will begin. Judge Mt-Brlde has
been hearing divorce casfs and exparte
matters. The case of William Harvey
against Joseph Duerst. plaintiff, a
Cedar Mill farmer, asking for $5000
damages for alienation of his wife's
affections, lias been settled out of
court.
British Liner Becomes
Mass of Flames.
CAPTAIN DIES AT HIS POST
Arab Pilgrims, in Panic, Re
fuse to Jump Into Sea.
ONLY SAFETY IS IN WATER
Just After Leaving Malta, Vessel
Takes Fire Fear-Stricken Arabs
Refuse to Flee and Drown
When Vessel Blows Vp.
VALETTA, Island of Malta, Nor. 25.
A terrible disaster, in which more than
100 persons lost their lives, occurred at
the entrance to this port this morning:
within sight of the whole city, which
was powerless to give aid. The British
steamer Sardinia, of the Etlerman line,
hailing: from Liverpool and bound for
Alexandria, with a crew of 44 English
men, 11 first and six second cabin Eng
lish passengers and nearly 200 Arab pil
grims aboard, caught fire and within a
few minutes was a roaring furnace, sur
rounded by clouds of smoke, through
which flames burst upward to a height
of 200 feet from explosions in the hold.
So rapidly did the Are spread that the
frantic efforts of the crew to operate the
fire apparatus proved useless and it
seemed but a moment before the upper
works and masts crashed down upon the
deck, while the ship's boats were
crushed by the falling debris or quickly
burned.
Only Safety Is in Water.
Safety lay only in jumping overboard
and taking the chance of being picked
up. Asslsta ice was hurried to the buriv
ing vessel frorn all the warships in the
harbor and from the shore, but the work
of rescue was greatly Impeded by the
strong il(T?? tnat "Tvas Tunning. Even
the naval launches, which came as fast
as they could be driven, were unable to
go alongside.
Among the Arabs there was a panic
that could not be controlled. Many of
them, too terrified to jump, were burned
to death. Others, casting themselves
into the waves, were drowned.
( Captain Dies at Post.
The crew behaved wlth admirable
courage, serving out life preservers to
the last and working the pumps1. When
these became useless, Captain Charles
J-.ittler, commander of the ship, took the
helm and directed his ship toward the
shore as long as It could be navigated.
He perished at his post.
First Officer Frank Watson, all three
f Concluded on Pag-e 8.)
INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS.,..''"
Pacific CoMt
Root has resigned for only uncompleted por
tion of term; other eenaatlona iprung.
Pae i.
Eugene raises $30,000 for T. M. C. A. Build
Intc. Papre fl.
Will involving- $200,000 etate at Walla. WftlU
is broken. Papa 6.
R. D. Hume dies at Wedderburn.
Gold Stampede to St. Helens district. Pare ft.
Hawley keeps hands off Senatorial muddle.
Page 6.
Y oreiiro.
Assassination and bombthrowlns by Hindoo
revolutionists cause terror In India.
Page 1
Count Boni's lawyer makes startling: expos
ure of Prince Chimess Helle de Sagan In
suit for custody of children. Page 1.
Steamer burns In Mediterranean and over
100 lives are lost. Page. 3.
National.
Arch bold testifies in Standard Oil case and
admits errors of business judgment.
Page 3.
Engineer saves lives of passengers la col
lision on Burlington road. Page 1.
Politics.
Fulton goes to see Taft, and Washington
correspondent of New York paper pre
dicts his re-election. Page 1.
IKtmestlc.
Roosevelt speaks at unveiling of monument
to Sheridan at Washington. Page 5.
Storm on California coast drives vessels to
shelter. Page 5.
Lamphere's case goes to Jury. Page 5.
Gladstone Dowie denies that he will marry
or was ever kissed
Foreign workmen attack Americans at Perth
Amboy and are shot down; troops called
out. Page 1.
Sport.
HUIiard wins light auto race at Savannah.
Battling Nelson's first name mistaken for
nickname by Librarian of Congress.
Page 1.
Dorando wins Marathon race with Hayes at
New Tork. Page 1.
Portland to have teams in two baseball
leagues next year. Page 7.
Irvington and Stephens play to tie In Gram
mar School League. Page 7.
Multnomah and University of Oregon meet
today In annual football game. Page T.
Soccer football gaining firm foothold oa
Coast. Page 7.
Portland and Vicinity.
How Portland will celebrate Thanksgiving
Day. Page 11.
Counoilmen indulge in bitter quarrel during
session of Council, page 10.
Hot competition between Hill and Harrl-
man systems for Eastern traffic. Page 16.
Baker City banker Is on trial for swearing
falsely.
New Republican candidates In race for
. Mayor.
Council extends Fourth street franchise of
Southern Pacific. Page 10.
Couple that loses damage suit transfers
property to relatives. Page 12.
Council rives large contract to new paving
company. Page 11.
Statement forces In Legislature plan fusion
with Democrats. Page 11.
Commercial and Marine.
Export demand holds up hop prices. Page 17.
Wheat Is dull but firm at Chicago. Page 17.
Closing up of accounts causes reaction In
stocks. . Page 17.
Dredge Umatilla formally turned over U
Government at Celllo. Pass Id