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PORTLAND, TCKSDAT. OCT. . 180a.
THE BTLOAIUAN DECXwlRATIOX.
Bulgaria Ilea south of the Danube
and north of the Balkan Mountains,
and extends from east to west between
6ervla and the Black Sea. Boumella
lies south of the Balkans, directly on
the way from the north to Constanti
nople. These were among the Euro
pean provinces .overrun by the Turks,
after the conquest of the Eastern
Roman Empire. Russia waged the
great war of 1877-78 to deliver them
from Ottoman rule, and would have
accomplished her object but for the
Intervention of Great Britain. This
power foresaw that the conquest and
possession of these provinces by Rus
sia would lead Russia at once to Con
stantinople; and the pre-eminence of
Great Britain on the sea enabled her
to forbid the further progress of
Russia, Then a treaty was patched
up (the Treaty of Berlin), which secured-
a sort of autonomy and nomi
nal Independence to Bulgaria, yet left
the shadow of sovereignty to Turkey.
Bulgaria now declares her independ
ence, and the declaration la to include
Roumella. It means that the Treaty
of Berlin Is torn up; and may mean
a war that will involve all Europe.
Slated In other terms, it Is one of the
convulsions attending the further
(and ultimate) dissolution of the
Ottoman Empire.
In the war of 1877-78 Russia by
her overwhelming weight, had anni
hilated the Turkish armies. But her
success had filled Great Britain and
Austria with consternation; for the
way was open to her to Constanti
nople, and Russia either would ab
sorb all the Turkish provinces of
Europe, or would erect, out of these
provinces, a state nominally inde
pendent, yet her own vassal, extend
ing from the Southern border' of Rus
sia to the Aegean Sea. Austria thus
would have been completely flanked
by the greater power; Turkey no
longer would have remained as a buf
fer between Russia and the Mediter
ranean, and Russia would have suc
ceeded In placing herself In position
to cut off Great Britain from her
Asiatic empire. The Congress of Ber
lin, hastily assembled by the powers,
checked the purposes of Russia,
stopped her career of conquest, and
established, as nominally independ
ent principalities, the provinces Rus
sia would have swallowed. Yet the
sovereignty of Turkey, to an extent,
was still recognized over them. It
was a purely artificial arrangement.
efTected, not to meet the wishes of the
people of the provinces, but to suit
ambitions of various rival powers.
Now the provinces, through their
representatives, claim their entire
Independence.
In 190S the population of Bulgaria,
Including Eastern Roumella, was
4.028.239: the territory of both, S8.0S4
square miles.
Under provinces nominally tributary
to Turkey, but also under protection
of Austria, are Bosnia and Herze
govina. They lie towards the west, di
rectly adjoining Austria-Hungary.
Their area Is 19.800 square miles,
and their population Is 1.600.00D.
Austria, it is alleged, will now claim
these provinces wholly as her own,
insisting on the exclusion of the nom
inal sovereignty by Turkey. Servia,
lying directly between Bosnia and
Herzegovina on one side and Bulgarla
Roumelia on the other, also was
among the conquests of Turkey, In
the age when the armies of the Sul
tan advanced even to the gates of
Vienna; but its independence was
established by the Treaty of Berlin
( 1878). The population of Servia in
1S04 was S. 676. 989. The area of the
country is 1S.6S0 square miles. The
inhabitants of all these provinces are
classified among the Slavonian races,
closely affiliated with the main body
of the people of Russia.
All the leading powers were par
ticipants In the Congress at Berlin,
which established the condition,
which have existed since, yet now are
Interrupted by the action of Bulgaria
and the announcement of Austria. All
therefore, must feel concern in the
new movement; which, in its chief
feature is one step more in the dis
memberment of the Turkish Empire
in Europe.
The Ottoman power came into
Europe over Ave centuries ago. It
closed In rapidly on the last remains
of the Eastern Koman or Byzantine
Empire, whoso dominion was speedily
reduced to Thrace, Macedonia and
part of Greece. In 1453 Constanti
nople was taken, and the great em
pire of the ages was at end. Then
the Moslem Invasion overran Eastern
Europe and advanced throughout the
countries bordering on the Mediter
ranean, till the combined forces of
Venice. Spain and the Pope defeated
the Turks in the great naval battle
of Lepanto. in 1571. Tet the Turks
still advanced theior conquests to
wards Central Europe, till finally
arrested at Vienna in 16S3. by John
Sobleskl. King of Poland. Since then
Turkey, though still powerful, has
been undergoing st'aily decline, and
but for the jealousy of the Western
nations towards each other Turkish
rule lung ago would have been ex
pelled from Europe. Whether the
powers will Interfere now to prevent
the Treaty of Berlin (of 1873) to be
torn up and cast to the winds, the
world will twn know. Possibly the
other states may now be willing to
Interpose a small Independent power,
lon-prislns the provinces of the Lower
Danube and the Balkans, between
Russia and Constantinople, with
guaranty of lt Independence and neu
trality, as that of Belgium was guar
anteed by the power after the fall of
Napoleon.
THE yECESSART WAGON ROAD.
Curry County, a rich but Isolated
region lying in the far southwestern
part of the state and bordering on the
California line, is to be connected
with the outside world by a wagon
road which the Government is build
ing from Grants Pass to Gold Beach.
The new thoroughfare is apparently
no cheap pleee of work, for included
in its construction is a steel bridge
with a 180-foot span across Rogue
River. . A .long-distance wagon road
la. of course, much less convenient
than a railroad for either freight or
passenger traffic but there are a great
many localities in Oregon where even
a good wagon road would prove of
great value in aiding development of
the country
It is now practically certain thai
the railroad to Tillamook will be com
pleted at an early date, and with its
completion there will follow rapid de
velopment that was Impossible so
long aa there was no economical
means of transportation to and from
that great coast region. Coos Bay
will also be given, rail connection in
the not far distant future. But the
railroad to Tillamook cannot reach
every dairy farm and orchard, nor all
the timber lands. Consequently the
necessity of good roads will be aa
great as. or even greater, after it la
completed, than it is now. Tillamook
has made an excellent start in pro
viding the necessary wagon roads, and
for many miles through that country
and over beyond the Nehalem as far
aa the Clatsop County line the roads
which are completed are models of
excellence.
Clatsop County has also made a
good beginning in opening up the
country which is not directly accessi
ble by railroad, and during the past
season completed a very costly piece
of ' road between Seaside and Elk
Creek. In all of these coast counties
from Clatsop on to Curry the wagon
road will always be an indispensable
adjunct of the railroad, and the good
work that is now being done on the
roads will bring returns many times
greater than the cost.
ARE PUBLIC SCHOOLS A FAII.CRET
A late number of the North Ameri
can Review contains an article by
Charles W. Lamed, of the United
States Military Academy, upon the
"Inefficiency of the Public Schools."
Thoughtful educators and parents will
do well to ponder seriously over it.
The opportunities for testing the effi
ciency of public school instruction
throughout the country, Mr. Larned
thinks, are exceptionally good at the
two Government institutions at An
napolis and West Point. A plain re
cital of facts and incidents relating
to the examination of applicants for
entrance last March and the conclu
sions suggested by the facts and sta
tistics presented touch our National
life at its most vital point that of
the mental acuteness and physical ef
ficiency of our young men.
The original requirements for en
trance in these Government schools
were, for manifest reasons, very mod
erate. The country was new, the
population sparse, wealth was still to
be acquired. It was held that rigid
entrance requirements would put the
poor boy in the more remote sections
of the country at a disadvantage and
make these schools in a sense prohib
itive to them. In 1866 some advance
in the educational test given to can
didates was made, but it was not
until 101 that the standard in schol
arship required of applicants was
fixed at its present moderate status.
All candidates are required to take
written examination In the following
subjects:
Elementary algebra through quadratic:
plan geometry; English grammar; English
literature and composition (very element
ary); United State History thigh school);
general hlatory (high arhool); geography
(descriptive, common school).
Naturally It might be supposed that
a course in our public schools cov
ering a period of ten to twelve years,
the last four years in High School
work, would equip the candidate so
that he could come up to this exam
ination with full confidence in his
ability to stand the test, and that
there would be practically no failures.
But what are the facts? Out of 814
who took the entering examination
early in the current year, 265, or 84
per cent, failed in one or more sub
jects (the normal minimum being
66); 56 failed in one subject only; 64
In two; 50 In three: 42 in four; 27
in five, and 26 in all subjects. Two
hundred and nine, or 66 per cent,
failed In two or more subjects; 146,
or 46 per cent, in three or more; 95,
or 30 per cent. In four-or more: 53,
or 17 per cent. In five or more; 26, or
8 per cent, in everything!
Out of 314 examined, 295. or 90 per
cent, were educated in the public
schools, the average number of years
of attendance therein being within
one month of ten years. What an ar
raignment of the efficiency of our pre
paratory system of education as
worked out through our common
school system! What an arraignment
of its efficiency as an equipment for
an ordinary business career, and how
useless as an equipment for common
industrial life!
But this Is not all. Of the number
presented 82 were rejected on physi
cal examination and 18 placed on pro
bation, making a total of 100 physi
cally defective, or nearly 30 per cent
out of a grand total of Sal. That
314 youths, nearly all trained In our
costly public schools, with an average
attendance of nearly ten years should
show 84 per cent of failure in this not
severe educational test Is regarded by
this writer as a revelation that should
make the Judicious grieve and our
educators sit up and take notice.
Even more serious than this is the
fact that nearly SO per cent of the
grand total were found physically de
fective and were rejected upon that
basis. If the results obtained from
these examinations are to be accepted
as a test of what our public school
system is doing for our youth, de
clares Mr. Larned, "the conclusion is
inevitable that the ten or twelve
years constimed in their production
are not well spent, and that the youth
in these cases have not received a
fair day's wages for a fair day's
work."
There Is in connection with this
presentment, however, a showing In
favor of Western schools that must
bring at least a crumb of comfort to
our educators. The weakness of the
school system here demonstrated is
relatively greater la the Eastern and
older schools tbaa la those of t&a
younger and more sparsely settled re
gions of the West. There is, accord
ing to the table given of this educa
tional test by states, a decided bal
ance in favor of Western schools. In
New Tork. for example, where the
machine Is supposed to be most per
fectly adjusted. 20 candidates out of
the 37 presented failed; in Massachu
setts. 16 out of the 23 examined
failed; In Maine the failure was com
plete; Utah's one candidate passed the
examination; Oregon presented three
candidates and two stood the test, the
third failing in one subject only, and
but for the very high standing of the
alternate on all subjects, he would
have been allowed to make up his
slight deficiency. Iowa made rela
tively a better showing than Pennsyl
vania: Minnesota than New Jersey;
Kansas than Maryland; Nebraska
than New Hampshire; Oregon than
Illinois; South Dakota than Ohio:
Missouri than Connecticut. This in
dicates the freshness and vigor of
the West. Its pulse and push, as com
pared with the slated methods of the
East. Concluding. Mr. Larned says:
. Thirty par cant f physical deficiency in
our youin I Wimnuil ww -
which may well concern, more especially
In view of the Increasing tendency of popu
lation to urban centers. "What are we going
to do about ItT loe education have any
thing to do with it; and. if so. what doe
an educational system amount to that
shows thl percentage of deficiency In its
output? If education U concerned with
mental development alone, it la fair to ask:
If 16.CS6.S0S boy and girls, taught in our
public achool at a cost of J7e,896.472.
average no better In InteUectual attain
ment than Is evidenced by the foregoing,
does the result justify the outlay and the
ten or more years' apprenticeship of youth
It damand T
Rvnxnro trans-pacific tram.
Refusal of the Interstate Commerce
Commission to permit transconti
nental railroads to make a lower rail
rate on through freight for the Orient
than is made on freight distributed in
this country continues to demoralize
the trans-Pacific trade out of Oregon,
Washington and California ports.. It
was pointed out in these columns a
few weeks ago that the tramp steam
ers operating out of. Atlantic ports
through the Suez Canal were quietly
taking up a large traffic which for
merly flowed to the Far East by way
of the transcontinental lines and the
trans-Pacific steamers. This shifting
of the trade from the comparatively
new route across the Pacific to the
old route by way of the Suez was
made possible only by the ruling of
the Commission regarding publication
of rates.
By the trans-Paclflc route thirty
days' notice had to be given before a
rate could be changed, while by the
Suez route the rates could be changed
every thirty seconds if the transpor
tation men so desired. By the trans
pacific route it was possible to land
American goods In the Orient so
much quicker than the Germans or
British could land them there that
the American exporters were working
up a fine trade. This ia now declin
ing and that of Germany is increas
ing. But the Suez route is not the
only one that is permitted to take
advantage of the poor ruling of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, for
a Chinese steamship company has
Just perfected arrangements with the
Tehuantepec Railroad by which cat
ton from Texas and other Southern
States can be shipped to the Far East
by the Tehuantepec route at rates
much lower than it is possible for the
railroads to meet without sacrificing
the rates on all transcontinental
traffic.
The cotton trade with the Far East
is large and is growing rapidly. It
will now be possible for It to be han
dled by a short rail haul to a Gulf
port and thence by steamer to the
Atlantic terminus of the Tehuantepec
road. From Salinas Cruz, on the Pa
cific, it will be taken across to the
Orient by the recently organized Chi
nese steamship line. Diversion of this
cotton will be especially severe on the
Pacific Coast lines, for It has been
very valuable traffic for filling out
cargoes of flour and other Paclflo
Coast products. The transconti
nental lines, prior to the strange rul
ing of the Interstate Commerce Com
mission, were permitted to make- the
rates on this cotton much lower than
on freight destined for points in this
country. This was of material advan
tage to the roads In getting cars out
West without the necessity of hauling
them empty, and it was also of advan
tage to Pacific Coast shippers who re
quired a frequent service to the Far
East.
As the total amount of this business
In the aggregate was less than 5 per
cent of the business handled by the
transcontinental roads, the latter
quite naturally have refused to sacri
fice the rates on the remaining 95
per cent, and as a result we are wit
nessing the , rapid disappearance of
what had become an important
branch of the commerce of the Pacific
ports. The manifest injustice of the
ruling is plain when it is shown so
clearly that no one except the foreign
steamship companies is profiting by it.
At the same time there would be no
objection from any source ' In this
country to a continuation of the for
mer system of rates.
THE LAWS PURPOSE.
Mr. John Bain, secretary of the
Municipal Association, has summed
up his opinions on crime and punish
ment in a statement whose brevity
may possibly atone for Its barbarous
Inhumanity. "Do you try to reform
burglars? Law is not made to re
form, but to punish. The funda
mental principle of the law is to im
pose a penalty for wrongdoing." Thus
salth the oracular Mr. Bain, and one
may infer that this astonishing utter
ance expresses the sentiment of the
Municipal Association as well as his
own. It would be difficult to com
press Into one set of twenty-eight
words more ignorance of the struggles
and achievements of the men who
have been laboring for the last cen
tury to reconcile punitive procedure
with common sense. It would be Im
possible to express in a million words
a more fatuous misunderstanding of
the purpose of criminal law.
Evidently Mr. Bain thinks hie
question is a poser. '"Do you try to
reform burglars?" Bless your soul,
of course we do unless we have failed
to profit by the teachings of experi
ence.. In every enlightened place of
detention the world over the sole ob
ject of all that is done to the burglar
is his reformation. The purpose Is so
to change Mm, soul and body, that
he shall leave he prison no longer a
burglar, but an honest and useful cit
izen. Not a single thi.ig Is done In a
civilized prison with the sheer intent
to "punish." that is, to Inflict pain for
th) ke of the pain. Even the death
naniltv Itiiirht Hilt tO b CftfTied OUt aS
niii-A of venceanre. Its only excuse
is that in the last resort It Is an indis
pensable preventive. Nero gave or
ders that his victims should feel that
they were dying. One gathers that
Mr. Bain might do likewise were he
in Nero's place, but enlightened leg
islators have done their best to make
death swift and painless when it must
be inflicted. In their view it is not a
punishment, but an act of self-protection
by society.
Vindictive cruelty under the spe
cious title of "punishment" has never
served to protect society. It has
never diminished crime. Thefts and
breaches of the peace have not been
so common in England since her laws
were Christianized as they were when
it was a hanging offense to steal a
shilling. Since British law began,
however dubiously, to aim at the
reform fit Inn of criminals, crime has
grown less frequent. Mr. Bain quotes
with great relish the deceptive half-
truth that "men cannot De maae gooa
by law." Man is good or bad accord
ing to the nature of his environment.
Fagin's boys were proud to be thieves.
In a different environment they would
have been Just as proud of their hon
esty. Under Ismail Pasha the Fella
heen of Egypt were so harried with
tuM that thev became hobos and
bandits, while English law has trans
formed them to industrious iarmers.
Law as a mere mandate cannot make
m a- t9l Vinf Jtv niacins: an
individual In a healthy environment it
can transform his whole being, mere
are exceptions to this rule, but most
of them are cases of disease.
Mr. Bain makes another blunder.
The "fundamental principle" of the
law is not "to Impose a penalty for
wrong-doing," as he asserts, but to
prevent wrong-doing of certain kinds.
Other kinds it does not meddle with
at all. If the law could prevent
wrong-doing without imposing penal
ties of any sort, it would gladly
forego them all, and some of them it
has already foregone .as being worse
than useless. Parole laws, the inde
terminate sentence, juvenile courts,
trade schools, are a few of the meth
ods the law has tried of preventing
crime by other means than penalties,
and every one of them, when fairly
practiced, has succeeded better than
the barbarous recipe of "so much
crime, so much punishment." There
is one relation between crime and
punishment which an enlightened
mind can tolerate, and only one. Her
bert Spencer put it as well as any
body, "the punishment ought to be
the logical consequence of the crime."
But those punishments which are
truly logical consequences come
through the operations of natural law,
not through human law. "Vengeance
is mine," said the Almighty, meaning
that it is a matter too high for man
to meddle with. Our business with
the criminal is to reform him if we
can; if we cannot then we may- elim
inate him. But when society blasts a
man or woman with its curse and
turns the victim out to starve or to
seek a living by reduplicated sin, it is
guilty of a worse crime than the one
it has assumed to punish.
More than one-half of the world's
wheat shipments for the week end
ing last Saturday was shipped from
the United States and Canada, the
contributions of these countries be
ing 2,000,000 bushels greater than
for the corresponding week a year
ago. Russia meanwhile has suffered
a complete reversal and the ship
ments last week were exactly one
half as large as those of a year ago.
Nearly all of the figures In the weekly
statistics appearing yesterday were
bearish, but the market possesses
such great inherent strength thai it
closed higher than on Saturday. The
American visible showed an increase
of more than 4,000,000 bushels, and
quantities on passage also increased
4,000,000 bushels, but were still 6,000,
000 bushels smaller than for the same
week last year. The future of the
market Is somewhat uncertain, but
there is very little in the statistical
position that can be regarded as per
manently bearish.
Longshoremen's Union No. 6, in a
straw vote, gave Bryan 42, Taft 1 and
Debs 1. This one-sided result offers
an Interesting study as to the power
of party loyalty over unionism. Has
kell, who wrote the Bryan platform
and whom Bryan refuses to repudiate,
was formerly an official in the Citi
zens' Alliance, the greatest enemy that
union labor has met in this country.
The fact that Bryan's manager was in
the pay of Standard Oil might have
been overlooked by some of these stal
wart Democrats in the Longshore
men's Union, but it is extremely dif
ficult to understand how they can ac
cept the platform built and boosted
by a sworn enemy of union labor.
The Oregonian is asked what it
really thinks Taft's majority in. Ore
gon will be. The Oregonian has no
sure opinion. It knows that in the
registration there is about 52,000 Re
publican majority. But how can it
know how many men to support the
partisan Juggle of "Statement One"
Hed, and swore on the registry to the
He?
The story that reached Fairview
that "President Roosevelt will take
the stump for Taft" was from the
same authority no doubt that an
nounced that "President Roosevelt
would be a candidate for a third term
despite all denials"
The baseball fans are too much
Interested in that little contest be
tween New Tork and Chicago to
grieve about the painful story of last
Sunday's happenings to Portland at
Oakland.
There is a great opportunity now to
learn whether the Balkans are a peo
ple, a country, a range of mountains,
a fancy breed of cattle, or a new
brand of cigars.
Young Turkey is going to find that
there is something to do in this un
happy world beside wresting a con
stitution from a feeble old Sultan.
As a last resort, Mr. Bryan may
yet spring the "pernicious activity"
clause of the civil service regulations
upon Mr. Roosevelt,
Meanwhile It may be that you have
not registered and cannot vote for
President if you try. when the time
comes.
Nicholas Longworth says he didn't
say it. It would help a lot if Nicholas
didatt aajr anything, - -
XOX-PARTISAHSHIl.
The Play as the Phrase for the "U
Vote."
The Labor World.
In politics or in any National move
ment for" office-seeking is the sola aim
of many of the movement workers,
the word "non-partisan" stands out in
virtuous prominence. The public at
large Is fascinated by the word, and Is
led to believe that those who brand
themselves with it are people who look
far beyond self and party and are solely
and sacriflcingly devoted to he wel
fare of the public In this sense, when
such a condition really exists, the non
partisan is to be admired, extolled and
encouraged.
But at the present time the term
"non-partisan" has become of specious
use. Just so" much as the good old and
Inspiring word "liberty," a word that
Madame Roland declared when she
faced death had been used to cloak
diabolical crimes.
We have been launched into what Is
termed a "non-partisan" political
movement which has for its only aim
the election of W. J. Bryan as Presi
dent of the country, and also the plao
ing in power the Democratic party.
Although "non-partisan" implies that
you may have a choice, in this in
stance, that Is, in this political move
ment, established to catch wage-workers,
it means that you cannot have
any choioe, if you are a true and inde
pendent man, and that you can only
vote for Bryan. Thle la the up-to-date
definition for "non-partisan" as
decreed by ' President Gompers, of the
American Federation of Labor.
This term "non-partisan" is put torch
in order to toe readier induce wage
workers to follow the other specious
and misleading admonition: "Vote for
your friends and oppose your enemies."
This also Is all right as a guide line
when it is sincerely put fogAh and
when absolute deception is riwc eon
cead in it. In this instance, how
ever, it is misleading, and we will pro
ceed to show at once that such is the
case.
The Southern States are ruled by
Democrats and by the most enthusias
tic supporters of Bryan. The Demo
cratic rulers of these states who are
the most ardent supporters of Bryan
are the most relentless and bitterest
and despotic foes of trade unions and
of wage-workers in general that this
country has known. They are ene
mies of labor beyond all possible
doubt. Has President Gompers sent
any of his workers or his decree there
to oppose these despots in the coming
campaign? Are these enemies of labor
to be opposed by President Gompers
and his workers? If not, why not? If
the votes of labor form an effective
power, why is that power not being
urged against the Southern Democrats
who are tyrants over labor? Is it
"non-partisan" to oppoee Republicans
In the North on the plea that they are
enemies of labor and pay no attention
to the Democratic despots In the South
merely because they are supporters of
Bryan? Is the latter a friend of labor
and can he be looked upon as such
when his chief supporters are the des
pots whom organized labor has been
fighting for years? Let us have un
equivocal answers to ' these questions.
In the meantime they expose to the full
glare of sunlight the speclousness and
the utter fallacy and rottenness and
deception of this "non-partisan"
slogan.
In this "non-partisan" connection we
would further like to ask: Why is it
that in all those years President Gom
pers and a certain number of his prom
inent associates have never uttered one
word in praise of the grand and im
mortal work President Roosevelt has
done for labor? Some real Democratio
partisans have even done this, and all
true non-partisans of prominence have
done this. But the promoters of this
new "non-partisan" movement have
not done so. Their "non-partisanship"
is so dear to them and so cherished
by them that they can't permit it to go
too far from them; they will not trust
It to the South, nor will they allow it
to even extend to Roosevelt. They con
fine it entirely to themselves and
Bryan. Nothing more Is needed to
show up the sham of this cry than the
fact that President Gompers has for
years been so much of a real partisan
that he has never uttered a word laud
atory of President Roosevelt's grand
and glorious efforts in behalf of labor.
TONTINE HOTEL ASSOCIATION EXDS
Death of Old Yale Alumna Permits
Division of Valuable Property.
New Haven (Conn.) Dispatch to New
Tork Tribune.
The death of Deacon Lucius Wooster
Fitch, of Westvllle, has removed one of
the most distinguished of the Tale
alumni and has made it possible to
close up the Tontine Association.
Deacon FItoh was 88 years old. He
was the oldest Tale alumnus in this
vicinity, being a graduate of the class
of 1820. He was the son of Dr. Eleazur
Thompson Fitch, pastor of Tale Col
lege for many college generations, and
professor of homiletics in the Tale
divinity school for 35 years. President
Timothy Dwight, In his "Memories of
Tale Men," says that "in his mental
gifts he was one of the most remark
able men the college had ever had in
its circle."
For many years Deacon Fitch was
assistant treasurer of Tale, and for
two years he was treasurer in the ab
sence of James Kingsley. A daughter,
Miss Elizabeth Wooster Fitch, and a
granddaughter, .Mrs. Dwight N. Moore,
survive him.
The Tontine Association Is a corpor
ation formed in 1S20 to erect the Ton
tine Hotel in this city under unusual
conditions. There were 300 sharehold
ers, each subscribing $100 on condition
that each shareholder should nominate
a person then alive, and that the seven
surviving nominees should divide the
property when the other nominees had
died. The death of Deacon Fitch
leaves exactly seven nominees. The
annual meeting of the Tontine Asso
ciation will be held next month, and
the property, which Is worth fully
1250,000, will then be divided.
Ungrateful Wm. J. B.
New Tork American, Hearst.
The owner of this newspaper offered
to dupUcate, and did duplicate, every
dollar contributed to Bryan's campaign
by others. When Bryan was beaten
the owner of this newspaper hired him
i . - . i ..1 anri rtaid him for
to write Btiivi,., r -
writing them at least 10 times what
they were worm, in uiuc, ma
might have money to live until the
next campaign. When the next cam
paign came the Hearst papers support
ed him again, and the owner of this
newspaper again contributed money to
the Bryan fight.
Death Follow Eating; of Wheat.
Erie (Pa.) Dispatch.
Clarence Light, aged 3. of Jackson
Township. Pa., while playing in a barn
ate so much wheat that death fol
QUOTES TUB RIIS REMEDY.
Writer Thinks Present Haunts Suit
able for Scarlet Women. . j
PORTLAND, Oct. 5. (To the Ed-!
ttor.) Apropos of the "scarlet women
who are now being driven from their
old haunts in the North End. the fol
lowing written by Jacob A. Rlis in 1893.
should carry some weight with our
goodly-minded but impractical friends.
Perhaps no man in the whole world is
so well qualified to speak on the sub
ject, for no other man in all modern
history has done so much for or has
written so much of the "under world."
This was written at the time when Dr.
Parkhurst was In the limelight, and
when New York City had been so vig
orously stirred by real reformers like
Mr. Rlis. while the theorists were
undertaKing much the same work as is
new being undertaken in Portland.
This is what Jacob RUs. the real j
reformer, said:
"I would not, whatever else might
happen, by any hasty or Ill-advised
system of wholesale raids, send these
women- into the tenements and flats of
our city. That is surely what will hap
pen. Is happening now. It is a danger
Infinitely greater than any flowing
from their presence where they are
and as they are. Each center of moral
contagion by this scattering process
becomes ten or twenty, planted where
they will do the most possible harm.
Think of the children brought in dally,
hourly contact with this vice. Think
of the thousands of young women look
ing dally for work this hard Winter.
Be there ever so little money for
woman's honest work, there is always
enough to buy her virtue. Have tene
ment houses moral resources that can
be trusted to keep her safe from this
temptation?
"This is a wicked villainy that must
not be permitted, come whatever else
may. We hear of danger to "our young
men' from present conditions. What
sort of young men must they be who
would risk the sacrifice of their poor
er sisters for their own safety? And
it Is being risked wherever houses of
this kind are being shut up and the
women turned Into the streets there
to shift for themselves. The Jail does
not keep them. Christian families wtll
not receive -them. They cannot be
killed. No door opens to them: yet
they have to go somewhere. And they
will go where they think they can hide
from the police and still ply the trade
that gives them the only living society
Is willing they shall have, though it
says it Is not"
Why should the good people of
Portland drive these women to other
haunts? If they are not desirable peo
ple in Portland's North End, how much
more desirable are they in the South
End, or West End, or in Salem, or
Astoria, or The Dalles? Have we any
right to spread disease to the people of
other localities? Is it a Christian act
to send these unfortunate women to
other localities where they are not
wanted? Legally, these other localities
can quarantine a pestilence, but there
seems no law to quarantine these poor
women.
The question with many of us: "Is it
right?" SENECA C. BEACH.
DESCRIBES THE ADAM OF TODAY
Thinks Moral I. aw Applies Alike to
Tempted Onea of Both Sexea.
PORTLAND, Oct. 5. (To the Edi
tor) That "lewd women should not be
ruthlessly driven out of the city" is
the decision of the grand jury.
That is correct. Let them remain.
If our men have reformed these women
will soon seek other means of support.
It would do my heart good to know
that our beautiful city is teeming with
good virtuous men men who have
seen the evil of their ways and are
seeking to live pure, noble lives men
who at last recognize that they share
alike with women in crime, and are
desirous of uplifting both themselves
and their fallen associates.
Just how it happens that an immoral
man is any better socially than "an
Immoral woman has always been a
puzzle to me. No fallen woman has
made her record alone, and nine out
of ten it has been by the aid of some
pretended lover or many times a mar
ried man.
There can be no distinction. Adam
should have been strong and not have
eaten of the forbidden fruit, even
though tempted by the fair Eve. No
doubt if the truth was known, it re
quired very little solicitation to over
come his natural tendencies toward
right in order that he might satisfy
his curiosity. He should have braced
up and said: "Yes, I rather wanted
to eat and Eve gave unto me, and we
shall bear the blame alike." I should
be glad If our Adam of today is freely
meditating upon the problem and ac
tually feels that the time is at hand
when right must assert itself, and
purity of heart and action must pre
vail. But, if on the other hand, man has
not reformed, we need the demi-monde,
as in their existence many of our
young girls will be protected, who
would otherwise be insulted, ruined
and made Inmates of refuge homes.
But let such men be known to the de
cent element of society, and ostracized
as fallen women are. Publish his
name and brand him as she is branded.
The weak man does not want to be
known to the world. V. E. C.
BLAMES THE HOLY ROLLERS.
Writer Think Removal of Portland's
North End a Mistake.
EUGENE, Or., Oct. 6. (To the Editor.)
The "holy rollers" evidently have
plucked a few brands from-the burning
among Portlands civlo authorities, if
one may judge from the pious edicts de
signed to purge the city of all unright
eousness. Now, moral crusades ere Justifiable in
some cases, but generally they miscarry
when directed by misguided zealots. TlilB
brings the Issue to a point where I wish
to commend the logic and foresight of
the grand Jury In its verdict upon the
"move on" edict. In Justifying its
course by the statement that a "move
on" verdict would have the effect of
spreading an undesirable element over
town, that Judicial body not only evinces
a true grasp of the situation, but it fear
lessly essays to rule In the face of a
sanctimonious sentiment which manlfestS(
more zeal than prudence.
The writer was residing in San Fran
cisco at the time the ultimatum of the
Bay City's Mayor sent the denizens of
the alleys off Dupont and Kearney
streets, scurrying for shelter. They made
directly for the uptown districts and
proceeded to establish themselves In
flats, lodging-houses and hotels the
abodes of private families. Obviously,
these -creatures must live somewhere.
Then it was that these self-styled civic
reformers were treated to the spectacle
of respectable ladles and courtesans pass
ing through the same doorways.
It is easy to foresee one result of such
a condition. Decent women were often
times mistaken for the other kind, and
accosted. OTTO GIL3TRAP.
Colored Walters Give Satisfaction.
PORTLAND, Or., Oct. 6. To the Edi
tor) The colored waiter ia giving
every satisfaction to the guests and
management of the Portland Hotel,
and is here purely on his merit as a
first-class waiter, and not because it
is impossible to get first-class white
waiters. I write this to correct a
statement made in an Interview with
me in regard to the International
rceneva Association and system of tip
pVng I ant. W. B. MARTLIN.
Hotel Portland.
Educated Blrda In New York.
Baltimore News.
.. . nor Port Jervie. N. T..
that the birds fly backward to keep
the dust out oi laen ejr.es.
SILHOUETTES
BT ARTHUR A. GREENE.
At last the ancient bugaboo of. "trou
ble in the Balkans" seems to have come
along and made good.
sea
Those who are ambitious are certain
to bump many bumps and shoot many
chutes.
a
What a woman does not dar utter
with her lips she expresses with her
eyes.
e
Frosts are most disastrous to truck
gardeners and theatrical managers.
e
Tom Richardson has a great deal to
say about Portland's exportation of
wheat, but very little about its con
sumption of rye.
a e
Ii must be something of a disappoint
ment to the bride of a fashionable wed
ding when she realizes that she has not
married the best man. ,
a
' Merry Millinery.
A happy milliner sat in her shop
And said to herself, "Here's where I cop
Out. the money, for I've got the drop
In a business way on the blooming lot."
For with Winter coming oa apace.
The women are running each other a
race
To ee who can get the most feathers
and brim
By buying Fall hats to dike up In,
From morning "til night through the
busy town
The femtnes are hurrying up and down;
down:
And it helps not a bit for the men
folks to frown
While hat bills go up and falling leaves
down.
a
While It Is true that straws indicate
which way the wind blows, in a poli
tical campaign It is wise to watch the
man who takes his vote without a
straw In it.
a
To those who expect what their
hearts are set upon the unexpected al-
ways happens.
.
The man who coined the word "avi
ation" deserves a vote of thanks from
wrltters of doggerel. It's so easy to
make It rhyme.
a a a .
Those who importune may sometimes
be loved but only those who command
are respected.
A husband may be certain of his wife's
constancy when she has ceased to be
attractive.
DICKY DINGBAT'S ESSAYS.
Series B. No. 2. 3d grade. age .
Ottomobeela. .
Ottomobeels are Invented by the devil
to kill manyacks and innocent bystand
ers, pop calls them Infurnal manheens
and once when he had to Duck One
quick he called them something Wors.
Ottomobeels are not new. they have
had them manny years Only they ust
to be known as Jugger-Nuts. That was
in India and so the pepul that ride in
them now are generaly Indians, otto
mobeels have a lot of Innards but no
conscience and also the asma. They oost
more than a house and Lot and smell
wors than a goat. They are out of or
der more oftener than Pop Is at the
deacon's meeting. And they make busi
ness for the Undertakers. Pepul ride
in thera to make pther Folks think they
are Rich and some to get drunk and
raise cain in.
1 think, ottomobeels ot to be run In
but they wont run In the mud. When
I get to be a man i am going to chew
tobacco and Cuss and carry a gun but
I do not think 1 will have a Ottomobeel.
a a a
People who live in glass houses
should be careful about their bathrobes.
a a
The keenest wit one may possess le
to keep silent at the right time.
- a a a
Some of us are so Just and discern
ing that we never miss an opportunity
to bs Impolite.
a a
I respectfully suggest to my good
friend Dr. Brougher and his associate
well meaning but ill advleed reformers
that a precedent may be cited from
John viil-vii which Invokes a higher
law than either those of Moses or the
Massachusetts Bay colony.
CLEVELAND LETTER MYSTERT.
New York Times Refuses to Ssy It
W'aa Not Genuine.
After the management of the Time had
learned hat that letter had neither been
written nor signed by Mr. Cleveland It pre
sented the matter to the District Attorney,
brmiaenburg had admitted that Jlr. Cleveland
did not wian m lei.u-r, bui t-xialneu i.mt
It had been written from conversations Uli
the ex-Prcsldent. New York Globe.
Every statement made In this paragraph
taken from the columns of our neighbor, the
Olobe. Is untrue. The management of th
Time has not learned that the letter was
not written nor signed by Mr. Cleveland, and
the agent from whom the Times purchased
the letter has not admitted that It was not
signed by Mr. Cleveland, or that It was writ
ten from conversation with him. The Kow
Times, October I.
Thus the mystery deepens. The Times,
which published the article refuses to
say it Is not genuine, but evidently be
lieves It Is. Certain It Is that the piece
bears innumerable marks of Mr. Cleve
land's well-known manner and style. The
Times Is one of the most careful and
conscientious of newspapers, and is
pursuing every possible line of investiga
tion to ascertain whether the allegations
about the article are true or false.
A Strictly Confidential Litter.
W J. Lampton. In the Nw York World.
Dear Friends: I take my pen In h
To"lt you know Just how 1 stand
Since Hearst, to knock you fellows out.
Has given me a fearful clout.
By Greece' That man should be in Jail
For tampering with my private mall.
I stand well, I don't stand at all;
I'm flattened out beneath the maul
That drops on him who thinks he can
Put down In black and white a plan
By which his special Interests may
Be handled so that it will pay:
A pleasant plan In which to mix
Hla business and bis politics.
Oh, say, dear friends. I ask of you
-h'at Is our country coming to
When men of means who try to rise
Abov all low-browed enterprise
To higher things, to wider scope.
Are handed out this sort of dope?
Dear partners In my little game.
Forgive me. I am all to blame:
I should hava known what dangers lurs
In every lln of letter work
I did know, friends; of course I knew,
But zeal my common sense outgrew.
I should hav seen you quite alone.
Or whispered to you on the phone:
I've seen the harm that letters do
Curse me for having written you.
Ah, me! What wrath In them is stored!
The pen is smltier than the sword.
Pleas burn this letter, every bit;
I have no copy her of It
I That may bo stolen, reaa or "u.
I iour lrian4 la aeed, John B. ArcMoia