THE MORXTXG OltEGONIAN. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1903.
Gftjt Bw$innm
POKTLAND. OREGON.
Entered at Portland. Oregon, Postorttce aa
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POKTLAXD, BATTRDAT. SEPT. IS. 1S0S.
BRTAX AS AX AUTHORITY OX
BAMUNO.
Compulsory Insurance of bank de
posits is simply a proposition to com
pel sound and conservative banking
lnstltutlona to Insure Ill-managed and
shaky ones. One effect will be to
make people careless where they de
posit their money. They will think
it "safe" anywhere. A tank guaranty
is merely a method to compel those
who are careful, prudent and econom
leal to support those) who are care
less, shiftless. Imprudent, on thte one
hand, and on the other those who
take risks, are plungers, see great for
tunes ahead dealers in futures and
mirages, who put thejr money Into
promising schemes and expect to get
rich quick. There Is a class of deposi
tors who will take the risk when the
bank offers them great returns or
profits; there Is a class of banks
that will encourage this class - of de
positors. The bank of this descrip
tion that wishes to appear safe and
sound will have Its bucket shop,
through which the business may be
done, and when the deposits are guar
anteed more and more money will
flow in. Then sometime, the greatest
catastrophe.
No man who uses a bank and wants
his deposits to be safe and secure
.should desire the guaranty far which
Mr. Bryan contends. No -woman who
uses a bank and wishes her deposits
to be safe and secure should desire
the guaranty for which Mr. Bryan
contends. Mr. Bryan is most unsafe
of all men in matters of money and
finance. Else he never could have
supposed that the United States could
pay its debts with, its own notes or
promises to pay, or that free coinage
of silver could be maintained at a
false and fictitious ratio above the
valuation of silver tn the commerce
of the world. Better keep clear of
Bryan's advice In matters of money,
credits and finance in general. To
accept his advice would be, as Job
says, to "fill the belly with the east
wind."
The fact that the United States re
quires bonds to be given for security
of Its own funds In banks or else
where presents no analog)-. From
the beginning till now every person,
every official, every depository. In
trusted with funds belonging to the
United States, has been required to
give bonds. So it Is In state and In
county and In city and In every school
, district. For public money there
must always be security. But the
Government supposes private Individ
uals may be able to look after their
own business- and their own Interests.
They needn't deposit in banks in
which they haven't confidence. There
are sound banks enough. People who
have money should have sense enough
to . refuse the bait of high Interest
offered by weak banks that want
money for Thorburn, Ross Jobs. Or,
If they haven't, should people who
are careful be compelled to pay to
secure them?
Bryan's advice may do for a catchy
appeal to people who have no money
in bank, yet envy those who have.
But it never should mislead those
who have a bank account, large or
small, and object to the burdening of
the prudence of one description of
persons with the Imprudence of an
other. It is to be compulsory insurance.
Every National bank is to be forced
Into it. And state banks are to be
forced Into it, under state laws. That
is, , -conservative and well-managed
banks are to be compelled to guaranty
the wildcat banks. . The proposition,
as the Boston Advertiser says, is the
consequence of "a failure to appre
ciate the. difference between voluntary
Insurance agreements and enforced
legal blackmail."
Depend upon It, and his record has
proved It, that William J. Bryan is
not the man to give advice on any
matter of finance, money, credits,
banking; or subjects of similar kind.
The great champion of free coinage
of silver can offer no advice on money,
banking or finance which is not worse
than worthless. Isn't It ludicrous to
find the orator of the platitudes of
the Platte, who, however, can't even
carry his own state, trying to In
struct the country In the science of
banking, and how the business of
banking ought to be conducted?
In other words, is the country ready
to follow Mr. Bryan as a financier and
banker? Probably not. Even if the
majority should vote for him. It
would not, because some knowledge
and some responifbllity In business
would be required, even after his
election.
RTLUIM TAX AMBTOG StXTITAX.
There are many impediments to the
progress of civilization in the South
ern States besides the Democratic'
party. The worst of them Is Uie class
of men to which William Van Amburg
Sullivan belongs. From his name It
may be inferred that he Is an Irish
man by descent, but for the credit of
his race let us hope that the descent
is remote. Ireland has . suffered
wrongs incomparably greater than
anything the South has endured from
the negroes, but her public men have
never openly paraded themselves as
the leaders of murderous mobs. This
Is precisely what William Van Am
burg Sullivan Is doing. He 'appears
In the capers with a vainglorious
notice that he was the active head
of a mob which lynched a negro the
other day, and such Is the state of his
soul that he takes credit to himself
for -a deed which the law of the land
and every civilized sentiment con
demns. From men like Sullivan the .South
should pray to be delivered. They
not only blacken her good name, but
their barbarous conduct perpetuates
conditions which frighten away .capl
tal and blight Industry. Productive
enterprise demands peace as its in
dispensable requisite. The Tlllmans,
Vardamans and Sulllvans systemati
cally destroy peace. They thrive upon
race hatred and civil turbulence. Sulli
van, like the rest of his abominable
gang, puts his riotous conduct on the
ground of chivalry. He Is so horrlnea
he says, at the actions of the negroes
toward white women that he feels
proud to be a lyncher. This chivalry
is all humbug. It is the most patent
hypocrisy. What he Is after Is votes
and. If he could win votes by siding
with the negroes against white wo
men, that is what he would do. The
business of his class is to trade upon
the generous emotions and the 'fears
of the simple-minded whites, and
make capital of bloodshed. They
thrive upon torture and fatten on
death. . In all the world there Is not
a set of men more thoroughly detest
able than the Dixon and Sulllvans
of the South. They are worse than
ghouls, for ghouls disturb only corpses
In the grave, while these unholy crea
tures devour the living.
RCBBIXQ IT IX, IXDEKO.
Eald Governor Hughes -at Toungstown.
O - "If all that Mr. Bryan has favored and
urged dnrtng the past twelve years had been
enacted la to jaw- wa should now be over
whelmed with disaster." The Governor has
a tins way of rubbing It Into Roosevelt.
Oregon City Courier.
Has President Roosevelt ever ad
vocated free coinage of sliver, or Gov.
ernment ownership of railroads, or
National Initiative and referendum, or
abandonment of injunction as a meth
od of relief In equity, or scuttle of
our enterprise In the Philippine Isl
ands, or legislation to force sound and
conservative banks .to guaranty ope
rations of reckless ones?
PARTIES AND TASTICS.
The Oregon City Courier remarks:
"The panic of 1907, coming without
any legitimate excuse when the Re
publican party had for a decade been
In complete control of the Federal
Government, furnishes additional
proof that It is either unwilling or in
competent to protect the interests ef
the general public."
Is the Government to look after
everybody's business? Are we not
nearing the time when we should
have some common sense? The panic
of 1907 was not due to anything the
Government had done or had failed to
do. It was the result merely of at
tempts of individuals to get rich quick
leading to abuses of credits, and ex
haustion of the resources on which
the plungers had drawn. It didn't
affect the productive resources of the
country at all, nor affect the prices
of farm products and general staples.
It was merely a speculators' panic.
It was totally different from the
panic of 1 b 9 3, which was the conse
quence of the threat and danger of
changing the money standard of the
country. So far as we are- concerned
In the West the panic of 1907 was of
slightest possible importance'and con
sequence. It was a panic among
Eastern speculators which affected us
but little and only temporarily. Here
was no distress. There was no reduc
tion of the price of farm products, no
catastrophe to any legitimate interest.
But no political party can prevent
speculators from rushing to ruin. They
will go always as far as their credit
will allow. Then they "bust." Such
was the panic of 1907. But It was
trifling In extent and of short contin
uance. When was Oregon so prosper
ous as now?
No government, under any party.
ever will stop or prevent the excesses
of speculation that make credit
panics. From an entirely different
source came the money panic of
1893-97. That was due to the at
tempt to force free coinage of silver,
and to the knowledge that, if it should
succeed, it would change the money
standard of the country and split the
value of the dollar In twain. The pol
icy of a party produced this panic; but
the speculation in Imaginary futures,
that produced the panic of 1907, had
no relation to the policy of any party.
THE PIONEERS' DEATH ROLL.
Robert V. Short, whose death oc
curred at his home In this city a few
days ago, was a representative pioneer
a man honored in the useful, prac
tical life of the state In its early iso
lation and slow, painstaking develop
ment. He was a farmer of the old
school, and by the abounding grace
of Nature, which was lavish with Its
favors in the early days, and by the
sturdy industry with which he plowed
and sowed and gathered Into barns.
he acquired an ample store . for the
Winter of life. He married early, a
woman of energetic, pioneer stock.
who was a help-meet all along his
way. Together they brought up a
large family of sons and daughters.
Together they climbed the hill of life
and passing over Its summit, together
descended Its sunset slope, parting
not many miles from Its farthest
verge the wife entering the "wayside
inn" but a few years in advance of
her husband.
Sacred to the memory of the early
days In Oregon is this pioneer are
these pioneers and the host that has
preceded them Into the domain of si
lence. Factors in the subjugation of
the beautiful wilderness "where rolls
the Oregon" were they.- Cheerful
burden-bearers of civilization were
they industrious, hospitable and use
ful in their long day and busy gener
ation. The homesick immigrant knew
their cheer, and the sick man, alone
and far from home and family In his
adventurous quest for a new home In
the storied, dimly known "Oregon
country," blessed them from his
couch of suffering. History, however
faithfully written, is necessarily si
lent upon the incidents that made up
the dally lives of these pioneers and
their associates . In state building.
These details belong to the shadowy,
unreal realism of folk-lore not yet far
enough removed from the present day
to be Invested with the mantle of ro
mance. Plain, everyday people were the
Oregon pioneers, of whom R. V. Short
was one earnest, honest strivers
along the simple lines In which their
lives were cast. A writer will arise
In some future generation who will
do for the Oregon pioneers that which
Rose Terry Cooke and Harriet Beecher
Stowe and Margaret Deland haVe
done for the simple, faithful toilets
who laid the foundations of home and
community life In early New England.
Until this time comes it must suffice
that the pen of the chronicler of cur
rent events touches lightly the life
record of the pioneers, and passes on
to the vital topics that engage the
hurried attention of the public of the
present day.
A LAXD-GRAXT INCUBUS.
AH of the original capital stock of the
defendant Oregon California Railroad
Company (line from Portland to Roseburg)
and substantially all of the capital stock
of said Wear 31de Company (line to Mc
Minnvllle) waa issued without consideration,
and by reason of the premises, neither of
said companies had any original capital or
other funds for construction .or other pur
poses, 'except such ae was borrowed therefor.
This recital. In the complaint of the
Government's land-grant suit against
the Southern Pacific, reveals a sample
of the high finance by which the Ore
gon & California Railroad was con
ducted from the first, up to the pres
ent time when the master company
asserts title to a f30.000.000 or
40,000,000 land-grant in defiance of
the terms of the Government's coh-
L cession. . Ben , Holladay, and then
Henry villard, each with their con
federate "promoters," were the pio
neers of unscrupulous finance In Ore
gon. They- have been succeeded by
Harriman, who declares that the rail
road shall keep 2,000.000 acres of
landv which Congress ordained, before
giving it into the railroad's clutches,
should be sold, to actual settlers at
not more than $2.60 an acre. Holla
day and Villard absorbed vast sums
of the money subscribed-by bondhold
ers. There was no paid-up capital
stock. Holladay ruled Legislatures
and carried on orgies of high finance
by methods as daring as those of
present-day Wall street. These men
regarded the land trust in them re
posed by Congress as their own fee
simple possession, to do with or plun
der as they chose. Harriman has
followed their work of diverting a
2,000,000-acre settlement, from, which
the railroad was to receive not more
than $5,000,000 bonus from actual
settlers. Into a $30,000,000 timber pre
serve. In defiance of the terms and
purpose of Congress. '
Nor Is this all of the evil. .The Ore
gon & California Railroad Is capital
ized for $36,745,000 $19,000,000 cap
ital stock and $17,745,000 bonds.
Inflated capitalization has burdened
Western Oregon ever since the rail
road was operated. The people of
this state do not have to look beyond
their own boundaries for a spectacle
to match the "looting of the Alton."
This capitalization-amounts to $55,225
a mile for the 658 miles of the com
pany's road an absurdity. The capl
tallzatlon . far. . exceeds the actual
money invested In construction and
equipment.- Large part of It Is in
flated and fictitious, as the Govern
ment's suit may show.
The purpose of these remarks is to
point out that the Oregon & California
which means the Southern Pacific
has no equitable claim to proprietor
ship of the land grant. It should
not recfelve a $80,000,000 bonus where
$5,000,000 was intended. The railroad
has practiced graft, from the begin
ning, on the people of Oregon. As
an infant it perhaps needed the suc
cor. Now that it has grown to lusty
proportions it should receive such
nutriment no longer.
THE COMMODITIES CLAUSE.
It is a singular trait of our system
of government that the united oplnr
Ion of two Federal Judges sitting in
a Circuit Court, or even the opinion
of a single judge in the District Court,
should override the deliberate enact
ment of Congress and the President.
Judges Gray and Dallas, who have
Just repealed one of the most import
ant sections of the Hepburn act, are
presumably no wiser than many of
the Senators and some of the Repre
sentatives who voted for it. The two
Judges say that the commodity clause
Is unreasonable and Invalid. The
President and Congress held that it
was reasonable and valid. The opin
ion of the two men prevails over that
of the representatives of the Nation
and the law falls flat. In no other
country would such a thing be per
mitted. Our method of treating laws
may be better than that which the
experience of mankind everywhere
else has approved, but time has yet
to show it. One significant fact bear
ing upon the subject is the ' well
known truth that nowhere else in the
world is law in general so much dis
regarded .as It is here. It may be
hasty to argue that the people are
only following the example which the
courts persistently set before them.
but certainly the example Is there.
The "commodities clause" of the
Hepburn act forbids the railroads to
manufacture, mine or own the goods
which they transport. The plain rea
son for enacting it Is the unfair ad
vantage which a railroad owning a
coal mine, for example, has over a
mlneowner who does not control a
railroad. Naturally the railroad will
carry its own coal cheaper than any
body else's, and thus dominate the
market. In other words the commod
ity clause Is aimed squarely against
monopoly. Besides declaring that the
commodity clause Is unreasonable and
Invalid, the Judges add that "it In
vades the rights of the state by strik
ing down the liberty hitherto enjoyed
by Its citizens under the laws and
usages of the commonwealth to en
gage in Interstate commerce 'to the
fullest extent as to all harmless arti
cles, whether owned or not owned by
the carrier, and deprives of their
property the defendants contrary to
the fifth amendment to the Constitu
tion." It is amazing that some of the
Senators eminent for legal lore did
not perceive these objections which
the Judges say are visible "from every
point of view from which they have
been able to approach the question.'-"
What the commodities clause really
does is to compel the railroads to sell
their coal mines. Judge Gary and
his colleague identify this forced sale
'with confiscation although the Gov
ernment has shown no disposition to
hasten the process. Ample time has
been granted to seek the best market
It seems to be a novel doctrine in the
law that to compel a person to sell
property is the same thing as to con
fiscate it, but some of our Judges in
their efforts to prevent regulation of
the corporations are apparently not
much frightened at doctrines which
are novel or even absurd.
The view that the commodity clause
deprives "citizens" of any of their or
dinary rights seems to be a little
strained. It does not forbid anybody
to engage In any business he may
select, but If be becomes a common
carrier it does prohibit him, for ex
cellent reasons, from owning the
goods which he transports in compe
tition with others. The confusion
which the . Judges make between "citi
zens" and carriers is probably uncon
scious. By Judicial construction cor
porations are citizens, but under ainy
rational view of the law. their rights
and - duties are altogether different
from those of natural persons. Of
late years.there has been a persistent
effort to make all the protective
phrases of the Constitution 4whlch
were Intended to apply only to nat
ural persons apply In their full extent
to corporations. The courts have
yielded to the tendency to an alarm
ing degree, but a .time will certainly
come when the tide will turn. Cor
porations were not in the minds of
the fathers when they framed the
Constitution and It is clearly a per
version of that instrument to give
them the benefit of many of the pro
tective clauses.
- Corporations are created by the
law and can claim only those privi
leges which the law expressly confers
upon them. It is well that those
privileges should be extensive, be
cause corporations are Indispensable
In modern commerce, but it is far
from well to make them so extensive
as to throw all the business of the
country Into the hands of the com
mon carriers; nor Is it well for the
courts to Interpret the law in such a
way as to set the corporations above
the government to which they owe
their existence. The Rev. T. De Witt
Talmage used to, declaim that "the
stop It and start It a million times
over." According to some of our
judges the government which ' starts
the corporations cannot stop them
even once, to say nothing of a million
times. The decision In question has
yet to be passed upon by the Supreme
Court, which has not shown of late
the same terror before "centraliza
tion" which besets some of its Subor
dinates. Should the Supreme Court
concur in the repeal of the commodity
clause the question whether the rail
roads can be regulated at all will once
more become a" burning one, and the
advocates of Government ownership
will again push their theory to vine
front.
Now and then the ghastly discovery
is made In an Isolated cabin of the
body of a rancher who died alone and
uncared for in circumstances the de
tails of which can only De surmisea,
The discovery is pathetic chiefly
through the suggestion that accom
panles it of the utter ' loneliness and
relative uselessness of the life, the
dreary end of which is thus grimly
and dumbly attested. . It Is sad to
die alone, doubly sad to live alone.
the end and aim of life centering in
self.
If guarantee of bank deposits, why
not guarantee of wages and rent and
of ' grocery and meat credit, and
against "dead beats" of every descrip
tion? Many persons never can get
enough money- together to put in
bank. Are not they a part of the peo
ple as well as those more fortunate?
City Electrician Bavarian "didn't
know" that those specifications
framed by him for fire-alarm boxes
could be complied: with by one con
cern only. Then what kind of 'an
expert is City Electrician Savarlan
that the r. reparation of specifications
should be left to him?
Food- Commissioner Bailey found
forty-seven poisons In canned fruit
samples that were prepared for exhi
bition. If the law directed him to
Inspect other things there Is no tell
ing how many poisons he would find
Just now In Republican politics.
At Eugene, as at Corvallls, owners
of land are "holding up" the state
schools' which need or desire more
land, and compelling payment of ex
travagant prices. They reason, ap
parently, that public money costs
nobody anything.
Those English Protestants have
heen trying for many hundred years
to put. the Catholics away in the
limbo of the dead and forgotten, but
here they are again. ' There are some
Catholics in other countries, too:
. Many salmon have reached the On
tario hatchery. Does it appear, then,
that since Astoria's Fish Warden was
displaced, the up-river fisheries do
not catch all the salmon that escape
the maze of nets about Astoria?
In Maine the. Democratic ' party
this year Is contending for repeal of
the prohibitory liquor law. If you
fall to see any kind of politics in any
state this year that you are looking
for, just ask for it.
Merely as a reminder of a neglected
work, the City Council Is once more
up against the garbage crematory
proposition. Wonder how the Des
Moines statesmen deal with this in
soluble problem?
Our old friend. Colonel Paty du
Clam, was allowed to open up for a
few minutes during the latest Dreyfus
trial, but they soon shut him up.
Why hasn't Paty been hurried off to
the bouillon?
A French Jury has successfully
demonstrated that It Is no crime to
shoot at Dreyfus. That's encouraging
to the. antl-DreyfusItes, who have
some good marksmen among them.
A man down in lios Angeles has
refused a nomination with anger. If
any man like that could be found In
Portland he would deserve the best
office In the city.
The Republican and Democratic
campaign books are now out. Cam
paign orators will now become numer
ous. During the remainder" of the cam
paign, Mead and' McBrlde can tell the
boys what a stiff fight they made for
it.
Taft and Foraker, too, have Joined
In a fifth-rib embrace. "Art thou in
health, my brother?"
If "second choice" shall choose,
where come In the "first choice" and
"the people?"
This should be a strenuous last Sat
urday for the schoolboy.
"THE PITY OF IT A IX."
Soma Rfmlrki em the Primary Law
and the Meannesses of Human Na
ture Developed by It.
Seattle Times. g
Even " at the time when there was
no opportunity for congratulating the
men who had won in the Republican
primaries, there was ample opportun
ity all day yesterday for sympathizing
with the man- who has lost. There lies
the pity, of our whole direct primary
system.
Every candidate for nomination Is
forced to make his own campaign,
mortgage hie own home to pay his own
expenses and run his own legs off try
ing to save the scene when he goes
home and tells his own wife that he Is
not the most popular man in King
Co'unty.
The direct primary law may be a
good thing In the way of breaking up
"rings," as it surely has in this case,
but in the process It has come very
nearly "breaking" the majority of the
defeated candidates along with It.
For one thing, the direct primary
law has served to. show that the ave
rage man cannot be trusted when he
promises to vote for this or that can
didate for office at least when there
are six or seven of them seeking the
same position. He will promise one
thing and do' another without the
slightest -compunction.
It le as fair for one as It is for
another, but the fact remains that the
man who is the best known and has
the most money to spend is the man
who Is going to win in the general run
of. events. .Some of the candidates who
won on Tuesday did not have very
much money, and were not very well
known, but that does ont disprove the
foregoing statement because whatever
they lacked their friends made up and
the result was the eame In the end.
We have no quarrel wlth a system
which allows the people to express their
preference by a direct vote, but lC does
seem pitiable that there should be a
system , which requires a man to stake
everything of value he has In the world
upon the word of friends, who proceed
to "double-cross" him.
Under the "old convention" system a
man might aspire and gain a nomina
tlon, with the expense of the few dollars
he happened to have in his pocket. If
he won the nomination, his party aided
him In the expenses of his campaign
for election; If he lost he was but a
little out of pocket.
The new primary system, however,
makes a personal campaign out of the
nomination, and the human frailties
which lead to lies, In the early discus
sions of possibilities, make a very ex
pensive matter out of flattery.
Men are encouraged to mortgage their
homes In the hope of winning a fight in
which they had not even an opportunity,
and men are falsely encouraged by their
friends in the foolish expenditure of
money which they would not have
thought of spending were It not for
the fact that they believed what their
friends told them.
There was many a man on the ticket
which the people of Seattle scanned on
Tuesday, who had mortgaged every
thingeven his prospective salary in
a false idea that It was due to his
honor, his dignity, his reputation, or
some other intangible thing, to win
a frght Into which his friends had be
guiled him.
Most of these men lost. There was
a great deal of politics played which
belong In the category marked with the
sign of the "Double-Cross."
The fight Is now over, but the mort
gages upon the homes, the deficit? in
bank accounts, and he enmities en
gendered! will continue for many years.
, "AH is fair In love, war and politics"
but it Is not kind to Induce a friend
to lose all his money.
That should be the great lesson of
the greatest and most tangled fight
In the political history of Seattle the
first fight of the primary election.
IS IT WORTH AIX THE COST?
Heavy Burden on Candidates in the
Direct Primary.
Aberdeen World.
The primary law has been tried. What
Its results In the kind of officers It has
furnished, Is yet to.be determined. But
that aside. It has some obvious defects.
It does engender factional strife to a
greater extent than the old convention
system, because the fight Is more In the
open, because the contest Is more per
sonal, because opponents appear to for
get that the quarrel Is only for a nomi
nation, but view it more In the light of a
final election.
Then, too, it is costly. There Is nowpar-
tlcular honor, for instance. In the office
of State Auditor. That official Is merely
a clerk. Why does he seek the post?
Solely for the salary attached to it. What
else? But the salary Is not high, and
when the primary contest Is bitter, the
expense can easily mount to a greater
figure than a year's income. There Is no
organization to furnish a. part of the ex
pense. The cost must be borne by the
candidate. How Is the expenditure to be
repaid? If the successful aspirant Is hon
est, it will never be repaid; if dishonest
but when a campaign costs $3000 or $4000
for an office that yields an annual salary
of but $3000, It Is but natural that the
idea of regaining some of that campaign
coin should not be the last thing remem
bered. If these Is a way by which the
cost can be lessened through limiting the
amount of money that shall be spent, or
In some other manner, that way should
be found and adopted.
Participation of Democrats In the Re
publican primaries or of Republicans' in
Democratic, should likewise be obviated
Perhaps the law is as strong now in that
respect as it can be made, since it bars
a split ticket. Under no consideration
should the law ever be altered so as to
provide a blank ballot. If , Democracy
wants to take part in primaries wherein
It has no right, let the risk of perjury al
ways run against the Democratic voter
who breaks Into the ranks of the opposi
tion. The direct primary is likewise a law in
favor of the minority party, inasmuch as
the minority will always profit to an ex
tent by the factional fights in the domi
nant party. This Is a matter that goes
to the root of human nature, and you
are not going to eliminate it, so long as
the direct primary Is maintained.
Makes Watterson Laugh.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
The story allowed In a careless sort
of way to drift from Republican
sources that contributions to Republi
can campaign funds are coming in so
slowly that the leaders are growing
pale in the gills Is sweet in sentiment
and superb in originality. It Is also
somber with pathos yes, we must not
overlook the pathos. It is enough t
touch the hardest heart.
COURT FREES FIVE WIVES
Women Recite Details of Marital
Infelicity.
Cruelty, drunkenness, desertion and
deceit were among the charges made
by several wives and husbands in the
State Circuit Court yesterday morning.
Judge Cleland heard the divorce cases.
Lou Ellen Cornell, formerly secretary
of the State Spiritualist Association,
who. with Mrs. Sophia B. Seip, .con
tested what she considered her rights
against the attacks of Green C. Love.
H. B. Trigg and Harry Yanckwlch,
members of the rival faction, secured a
divorce yesterday. She married Rich
ard C. Cornell In July, 1890. The couple
have two children. Testimony given
yesterday was to the effect that Cor
nell abused his wife because the
youngest child was not a girl. Not
only did he call her names, but threat
ened to kill her, she said.
At one time, when his wife was 111,
he was sent to the, drugstore for a
bottle of chloroiorm, but failed to re
turn. It was discovered later that he
became Interested In watching the
hoppickers, who were leaving. One
witness said that Cornell wanted to sell
his home in Portland, and to take Mrs.
Cornell to California with him, as he
couldn't do without her. He finally
left alone, however. Judge Cleland re
fused to grant Mrs. Cornell's request
that the names of her ' children be
changed, so that they would not be
obliged to bear their father's name.
Wife Leaves Foljgamist.
Anna S. Williams is no longer the
wife of Pearl R. Williams, alias W. E.
Rlhorn. The latter is. now serving a
one-year term In the County Jail, hav
ing pleaded guilty to polygamy. Wil
liams was married to Anna Sanderson
in Elma. Wash., last January. The
woman lived with him for a little more
than a month, when, discovering that
he had two other wives, she was
obliged to leave him. He had also
failed to provide for her. Although
he told his last bride that his .name
was Williams, he explained to the
court yesterday that his true name Is
Rlhorn. Judge Cleland annulled the
marriage.
F. C. Blllups, a traveling salesman,
said that two years ago his wife was
haled before the late Judge A. L Fra
zer, charged with contributing to the
delinquency of her daughter, and that
It was with difficulty that he had the
case dropped. Discovering that his
wife was frequenting saloons and
dance-halls under the assumed name
of Wilson, and taking his daughters
there, he said yesterday that .he
turned the youngest over to the Juve
nile Court. The oldest has since mar
ried. Billups' brother said that Mrs.
Kate Blllups came home -almost every
night for two months between 11 P. M.
and 1 A. M. The couple were married
at Ellswood, Iowa, in 1887. The divorce
was granted.
J. W. Baker choked his wife and
drew a razor In a threatening way,
according to witnesses. Mrs. E. Baker
said he drank so much that she was
ashamed to walk on the street with
him one night. Another witness de
scribed him as "half-and-half," on cir
cus night, meaning that he was only
half sober. The decree was granted.
They were married fn Clackamas
County in November, 1898.
More Charges of Cruelty.
Cora King testified that she was
cursed, choked and beaten by Clarence
H. King, whom she said yesterday Is
a gambler. He deserted her, leaving a
farewell note saying he had gone for
ever. They married at Pocatello, Ida.,
in October, 1904. She was given a di
vorce. Mathilda Ritchie was given a divorce
because her husband deserted tier in
March, 1905. She said he went to Seat
tle because she refused to support him.
She is a tailor. She married William
H. Ritchie September 6, 1904.
David Koch secured a divorce from
Laura A. Koch because of desertion.
They married at Allentown, Pa., in
May, 1894.
That his wife Interfered with him
when he attempted to sell goods to
women customers in a Portland drug
store where he was clerking. Is the
charge made by Dr. R. A. Collins In a
divorce suit filed In the Circuit Court
yesterday against Nora Collins. They
were married at Hartington, Neb., in
July, 1902. Two weeks later his wife
began to accuse him, he says, or un
faithfulness. He says she has been
extravagant and has neglected her
home. They have one child, or whlcn
Dr. Collins asks the custody.
Minnie Newman filed a divorce suit
yesterday against Elish H. Newman
on the ground of desertion. They were
married in Seattle, octoDer au, iui,
NO INDICTMENTS FOUND YET
Grand Jury at Work, but Not Ready
to Report True Bills.
Although it has been hard at work
since last Monday noon, the grand Jury
has not yet returned any indictments, it
is believed that a large number ot in
dictments will be returned at the same
time. District Attorney Cameron has
issued an order to the Sheriff's office
to give no information regarding the
witnesses who are being examined.
Neither is any Information about the
cases under Investigation forthcoming
from tho District Attorney's office.
A few of the cases bound over are: F.
Bloom, charged with larceny; Don Hoag-
lin, statutory offense; Ike Hadden, statu
tory: H. . E. Howitz, larceny; m. a.
O'Mara. larceny: Louis Bowen, statutory
offense In connection with the charge
against Dr. Courtney; Ed Fors, obtaining
money by falsa pretenses; u. sarue,
larceny; Bill Gates, larceny; P. H. Trigg,
assault with a dangerous weapon; jnrs.
Lillle Morse, assault with a dangerous
weapon; J. A. Bloch, polygamy.
Trustees File Report.
Marv T. Kennard and E. P. Staples,
trustees of the Charles Goodnough estate,
filed their seventh annual report in the
Circuit Court yesterday. The assets now
amount to H,924. When the last report
was made "the cash on hand amounted
to $4113.64. The receipts, for the year
have been $10,271.44, and the disbursements
$10,615.39, leaving a balance of cash on
hand of $3T9.59.
Left $15,000 in Safety Deposit Box.
The County Court appointed A. A.
Anderson, M. M. Cavanaugh and W. P.
La Roche appraisers , of the Lewis B.
Burrell estate, which was at first thought
to be worth but $1000. After the letters
of administration had been applied for
$15,000 In cash was found in a safe de
posit box.
' No Evidence to Back Charge.
OREGON CITY, Or., Sept. 11. (Spe
cial.) G. W. Shannon, John Shannon. J.
W. Smith and C. W. Hammond, who
were charged with stealing a boat from
Merrill'3 boathouse In Portland on July
2 and selling the same to Paul Wyman
at Oregon City, were arraigned before
Justice Sampson today, when the case
against them was dismissed because of
lack of evidence.
Troops Marching to Camp.
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 11. Five
companies of regular infantry, here
tofore stationed at Fort McDowell,
yesterday began the march to the scene
of the military maneuvers at Atasca
dero, over 200 miles south of this city.
The troops expect to arrive there on
September 27. -
FARM LIFE EXALTS YOUTH
Grange Speaker Lauds Rural
Benefits.
Austin T. Buxton, master of the Ore
gon State Grange, waa the first speaker
at the Russellvllle Institute yesterday.
His address was upon Grange subjects
and was In part as follows:
I have not been Quite -sure of the nature
of this gathering, but from the number of
prominent educators on the prosramma I
have Judged It was to be to a decree at
least, educational. It Is fitting that It
should be so. and I am always glad to help
on any movement to advance the educational
Interests of the atate. The duties and re
sponsibilities of tha Nation will tn time
devolve upon the rising; generation.
It has been said that in this country of
ours, where each citizen bears, to some ex
tent, a share in the government, the price
of good government is good citizenship.
Most of the evils complained of in our social
and political life must be corrected through
reform of the individuals making up the
community. Impress the Individual with a
true conception of his duties and responsi
bilities and you will have taken a long
step toward reform. Hence the necessity
and economy of the state maintaining a
system of free education.
But the complaint, frequently mads, that
our educational system educates our youth
away from the practical affairs of life and
particularly from the farm has been largely
true. Much thought has been given to the
problem of checking tha drift toward the
cities and of ridding our cities of the
throngs of Idle men who sens no purpose
other than a burden on society. It Is use
less to try to anchor the youth more flrmty
to the soil or Increase the attractions of
country life by the ordinary course of school
training. We must endeavor from the first
years of school life to instill an appreciation
of the beautlea of nature and further to
teach the elements which will awaken , In
the youth naturally an Interest In tha
establishment of a more successful agricul
ture than their fathers have known. Nor
will the hobo ever succumb to the allure
ments of the three R's. When we are wise
enough In our civilization we will spend
less on criminal courts and penal Institu
tions and more on teaching street gamins
the elements of some gainful occupation.
But I was probably Invited here to talk
Grange. The Grange Is so associated with
educational work that the two terms are
almost synonymous. The influence and sup
port o the Grange have always been freely
given to every legitimate educational enter
prise. The high standard of usefulnesa at
tained by our Agricultural Colleges all over
the country Is due to a considerable degree
to the Influence of the Grange. The Intro
duction of nature study, elementary agricul
ture and industrial brarfches In our publlo
school system has received much encourage
ment from the same source. There Is no
more potent Influence for spreading the gos
pel of better methods of agriculture and for
establishing this Industry on a more perma
nent and profitable basis than the Grange
and Its general uplifting Influence for social
betterment In every rural community.
Then In the larger field of the state ana
Nation, In guarding the Interests of the agri
cultural classea In matters of legislation,
It has served a most useful purpose. Not In
Interfering with the proper development of
any legitimate Interests In other lines, but
merely In Insuring to agriculture favorable
opportunities for Its own proper develop
ment, has Its Influence been exerted.
' Secrets of Farm Success.
The second speaker was C. I. Lewis,
professor of horticulture In the Agricul
tural College. The following extracts
were taken from his address:
Wherever horticulture Is developed we
find the most Intense type of agriculture,
higher-priced land, larger net returns per
acre and better homes. This Is true In all
sections of the United States wherever the
Industry becomes Important. The Introduc
tion of some phase of horticulture means
small farms and Intensive farming; it
therefore brings In more people and citizens
of the highest type.
The average size of an orchard In Hoofl
River Is 16.3 acres; in Rogue River It is
23. At the present time not over 10 per
cent of these orchards are in bearing, yet
support a family on thla small acreage. Tha
land In these sections Is high-priced be
cause the people are successful.
What makes success In horticulture?
There are two main factors: First, a region
must have the right soli and climate;
second, proper methods of culture must be
followed. Nearly every section of the North
west has soil and climate adapted for some
line of fruitgrowing or vegetable garden
ing. It therefore depends largely upon the
people themselves whether they are suc
cessful. In engaging In any horticultural
pursuit there are several steps to keep in
mind. We must grow the product to the
best of our ability; we must learn to put It
up In right shape: we must feel ourselves
that we have something good, then let other
people exploit It in other words, advertise.
Organization will aid In all these.
Science of Soil.
Professor Lewis went into considerable
detail In discussing his topics such as
selection of soils, planting and pruning
of trees, cultivating and spraying, and
closed with a few remarks on successful
small fruit culture.
An address on "Manhood" was made
by President Ferrln. of the Pacific Uni
versity. He said:
Let me remind you that certain qualities
which are spoken of as characterizing a
state or community are simply the charac
teristics of the people. When we speak of a
community as being enterprising or pro
gressive or prosperous we rnean that lis
people have these qualities. There can be
no development of a state, at least none
that Is permanent, that Is not accompanied
by a corresponding growth tn the oharacter
of Its people.
Of course educators do not claim a mo
nopoly of the business of producing men.
There are many useful and noble citizens
who have enjoyed but little of the ad
vantages of schooling; and then again not
every educated man Is a credit to himself
or his country. Nevertheless none will deny
that this Is the business of teaching, and
that they succeed reasonably Is obvious.
If the people did not have this confidence
In the public school system they assuredly
would refuse very soon to maintain It.
Conditions by Comparison.
The last speaker was J. J. Johnson,
lecturer of the State Grange. He spoke
of conditions years ago and now. Then
people were mors easily satisfied and all
tried to do their duty to the best of their
ability, which was limited. There was
greater rivalry among all classes in those
days than among agriculturists who were
the most honest of all. and disposed to
attend to their own business. They were
the most oppressed of all classes of so
ciety and it needed a master hand to lift
them up. This uplifting came when tha
Grange was organized, and its work ap
peals to the farmer as no other influence
can.
For protection and development It Is
necessary for the order to deal with
questions of Government, but It takes
no hand in partisan politics. The basic
principles of the Grange are broad
enough to deal with all problems and
good government Is as necessary to the
farmer as good crops or education.
The evening was devoted to a concert
by the Rose City Quartet, which waa
argely attended.
Today's programme will Include ad
dresses by President Campbell of the
state, TTnlversitv: J. H. Ackerman, State
Superintendent of Public Instruction;
Hon. J. D. Lee and otners. mere ui
also be' selections by local talent.
Business Locations Scarce.
OREGON CITY, Or., Sept. 11. (Spe
cial.) The lack of desirable business lo-
. i ArQonn r-itv 1a nronf of Its
i;kl.lU119 " " .
growth and Is demonstrated In the futile
search made during the last few days by
E. J. McKlttrick, of Portland, who wants
to engage In the shoe business here. Mr.
nxn-wittrtflr warn formerly in thla line of
trade In Oregon City, but sold out aboul
five years ago.
Rockwell Is Not Satisfied.
RAVENNA, O., Sept. 11. Judge
David L Rockwell, the Democratla
nominee for Lieutenant-Governor, yes
terday announced that he is to with
draw from the Democratic state ticket.
He had preferred the nomination of
Secretary Of State.
Hunter Kills Himself.
VANCOUVER. B. C. Sept. 11 Frank
Heay, aged 17, shot himself while
hunting yesterday. He died in a few
minutes.