11
THE MORNING OREGOKlAy. FBIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1903.
MAP OF KLAMATH LAKE BIRD RESERVATION
CHECKS GREED OF
gloss:
'a
IEI
FRIDAY AND SAT
Klamath's Bird Reserve Made
Necessary by Ravages of
Many Gunners.
URDAY, AUG.
7m. Ul,
28th AND
en
T 0 S
AUDUBON SOCIETY ACTS
r. o c
9C
T Si S
Recommendation Which It Makes
Are Quickly Acted Upon by
President Through Sec
retary Garfield.
OREGON1AX NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Aug. 25. But for the greed of
gunners who have been "getting rich
quick" by exterminating the native
birds that frequent the !ake region of
Southern Oregon. President Roosevelt
would probably never have turned Low
er Klamath. Malheur and Harney Lake
Into National bird preserves, and abso
lutely prohibited the killing of any and
all native birds around those waters.
But the greed of the gunners who were
supplying the millinery market brought
down upon them the curse of the Na
tional Audubon Society, and that soci
ety, having the ear of the President,
had no difficulty in securing executive
orders w iich shut out all manner of
gunners, professionals as well as mere
lovers of sport. .
It is not In the power of the Presi
dent to amend state game laws or to
Issue orders regulating the killing of
game; but It Is entirely within the pow
er of the President to regulate the use
of the public domain, within any state,
and it was by exercising this power and
creating bird preserves that the Presi
dent was able to check the ravages of
commercial gunners. The object of
these preserves is briefly set forth in
a letter to the President, signed by Sec
retary of the Interior Garfield, under
date of August 12. This letter applies
only to the Lake Malheur reservation,
embracing both Malheur and Harne
Lakes, but a similar letter was written
with regard to the Lower Klamath res
ervation, created about the same time.
The letter follows:
Text of Oarfleld's lter.
l'riiave the honor to submit herewith,
for your signature, form for an Executive
Ortr creating the Lake Malheur R"'
tion for the protection of native birds. ThU
proposed reserve Is located In Southeastern
Oregon. Beyond Question It is the most
promising "f th. known fields for the pro
tecilon and preservation of native
fowl that exl.ts within the limits of the
United States. It embraces the shore lines.
Islands, etc. cf Lake Malheur and Harney,
wherein, as appears from the recent special
reports of the field ornithologists of the
National Associailc.n of Ai-dubon Societies,
Messrs. Flnley and Bohlman. many thou
sands of water and shore birds breed an
nually and countless other thousands, ln-
. I. la Was mm m Tl Ht -
eluding tne wns. u-w - -----
and feeding place ouring .
ia ran migration".
imnne th breeding birds are the Canada
Gocse. of which over a thousand young
birds were counted within the distance of
one mile along the shore, many species of
Wild Ducke. Blngbllled. California and other
Gulls. White Pelican. Farallone Cormorant.
Caspian. Black and Forster's Terns. Eared
Grebe. White-faced Glossy Ibis. Great Blue
and Night Herons. Coot and many smaller
shore birds.
Snowy Heron Is Extinct.
. 1 i n ii . .i a.'lp, nn?d
..mil j ia' k w ..... i -. . -i -
were discovered, but of the Snowy Herons
report recites tnai uui oc........
seen of the thousands, mhlch. until
m vtftn m.ma. made their Summer home
at Lake Malheur. The plume numers aro
responsible for the disappearance of this
beautiful -pedes, killing In one Bummer.
1S8. eight thousand dollars' worth of these
birds. The slaughter was continued during
1SS7. 1KS8 and lh89. when as high as four
hundred to five hundied dollars per day
were realised. From 18S9 to the present
time the slaughter has continued until but
one Snowy He.-on was discovered after many
dars careful search.
The water surface within this reservation
will embrace about one hundred and twenty
square miles, but the area of land actually
reserved Is comparatively small, much
smaller. In fact, than that embraced in
some other existing bird reservations.
nave trie nonor to rampBiiy ircunnnu
lng
and
the
was
fe
the creation of this Important reservation,
and this recommendation is concurred In
by the Biological Survey for the Department
of Agriculture. It Is urged also by the
National Association of Audubon Societies
as being, with the Klamath Lake Reserve,
created by Executive Order of August 8.
1O08. a long -trlde towards a final solution
of the problem of water-fowl preservation
In the Pacific Coast States.
The proclamation of the President
creating the Malheur reservation reads
as follows:
Proclamation of President,
It Is h -reby ordered that al! smallest
legal subdivisions which touch the shore
line of Lakes Malheur and Harney and the
streams and waters connecting these lakes
In township IS south, ranges 32. 32 '4 and
33: township "J6 uth. ranges 29. SO. 31: 32
and 33: township 27 south, ranges 29. 2Si.
3 snd 32. all east of the Willamette
Meridian. Oregon, together with all Islands
and unsurveyed Isnds situated within the
meander lines of said lakes and connecting
waters, as segregated by the broken line
shown upon the diagram hereto attached
and made a Dart of this Order, are hereby
reserved, i-ubjcct to valid existing rights,
and set aside for the uio of the Department
of Agriculture as a preserve and breeding
ground f-"r native Mrds.
The taking or destruction of birds' eggs
and nests, and taking or killing of. any
species of native bird for any purpose what
soever, except under such rules and regula
tions as may be prescribed by the Secre
tary of Agrlculaure. is prohibited, and warn
ing is expressly given to all persons not
to commit within the reserved territory any
of the acts hereby enjoined. This reserve
to he known as l.nke Malheur Reservation."
(Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
Klamath Order Similar.
The Lake Klamath proclamation was
similar, save that It did not provide for
the killing of birds by scientists under
permit of the Secretary of Agriculture.
The Klamath proclamation affects lands
surrounding Lower Klamath Lake In
townships 39. 40 and 41 south, range
8 and 9, and township 41 south, range
11 east, and townships 47 and 48 north,
ranges 1, I. 3 east. The outline of both
reservations Is shown on the accom
panying maps.
In recommending the creation of the
Klamath reservation, Secretary Gar
field said:
Describes Klamath Reserve.
I have the honor to submit herewith,
for your signature, form for an Executive
Order creating the Klamath Lake Reser
vation for the protection of native birds.
Many suitable places in the tule marshes,
which extend for n-any square miles around
Klamath Lake and along its outlet, were
occupied as breeding grounds for an un
known period by countless thousands of
many species of water-fowl, but during
recent years these annual nesting resorts
have been systematically hunted by patd
sgents of the millinery supply trade, whose
continued depredations, unless stopped at
once, promise a total depopulation of the
bird Ufa In that nglon at an early day.
The territory to be reserved Is a portion
Of that authorised by Congress In the act
approved February 9, 190.. to be reclaimed
by the Reclamation Service, and the form
of order as submitted recognises this con
dition and is msde subject to reclamation
requirements. It is believed, however, that
not all of these marsh lands will be re
4Jmed and that abundant and suitable
LOWER
- )
T 47 At
39
2t
SC
JO
i ye
The broken line in the above map Indicates the boundaries of
Klamath Lake Reservation for the Protection of Native Birds In Ore
gon and California. Thia reservation embraces all islands In Lower
Klamath Lake, and all marsh and swamp lands in townships 39, 40 and
41 south, ranges 8 and 8. and township 41 south, range 10, all east .of
Willamette Meridian, In Oregon, and in townships " and 48 north,
ranges 1. 2 and 3 east, of Mount Diablo Meridian, California.
nesting sites will he available within the
reserved district after the reclamation work
Is completed.
Urged by Bird-Lovers.
This reserve If strongly urged by the
National Association of Audubon Societies
and Is indorsed by the Biological Survey for
the Department of Agriculture. The phy
slcsl character of the district ren
ders It peculiarly fitting . and ad
vantageous as a breeding site for
manv pyiecles of water-fowl of the Pacific
Coast region, and its reservation Is there
fore earnestly recommended.
W.' R. HEARST EXPECTED
WILL ARRIVE IX PORTLAND
SOOX, PERHAPS TODAY.
Local Leaders of Independence
Party Xot Informed or Coming.
State Headquarters Opened.
William Randolph Hearst is expected
to arrive in Portland within a short time,
probably today, in the interest of the
Independence party. However, formal
notification of his arrival has not been
made by the local managers of the Inde
pendence party's campaign.
The Presidential campaign by the league
was opened yesterday in this state by the
establishment of headquarters in Room 10,
Breeden building, Third and Washington
streets. Paulinas McDonald Is in charge.
The rent has been paid and the office
fitted up presumably with funds provided
by the National committee.
A meeting of the state committee of the
Independence party will be held Saturday
evening, when many matters of impor
tance will be discussed. September ' 8
there will be a mass meeting of mem
bers of the Independence party. Gesuer
Williams, a prominent attorney of Los
Angeles, will address the meeting and
will outline the work of the approaching
campaign. Local speakers are also sched
uled to address the members.
Preparations for Mr. Hearst's arrival
have not been completed, and Indeed there
have been no preparations for his recep
tion today. Local managers of the Inde
pendence party have heard nothing in
connection with his immediate arrival,
though it is persistently rumored that he
Is expected today.
GUARANTY PLAN EXTOLLED
(Continued From First Page !
the people need Is a system whereby
both state and National banks will be
compelled to guarantee deposits, and
only a Democratic victory can secure
this reform. With a Democratic Presi
dent ond a Democratic Congress it will
be easy to secure the adoption of a
system which will make both state
and National banks secure.
Party's Stand Inconsistent.
"And, speaking of platforms, I am
glad to call attention to the fact that
the Republican platform adopted in
Kansas indorses the Democratic Na
tloual platform on two Important
questions. First. It favors the election
of Senators by direct vote of the peo
Dle. a reform which the Republican
National convention rejected by a vote
of. seven to one and which Mr. Taft
has never advocated but once, and that
only In a half-hearted way. In his
notification speech he said that per
sonally he was Inclined to favor such a
law. but It requires more than a mere
inclination toward the law to secure
such a -eform.
"Another plank Indorsing the Demo
cratic platform is to be found in the
condemnation of the present rules of
the House and in the demand for a
modification of the rules. While Mr.
Sherman's name is not mentioned. Tie is
present rules of the House that the
Republican platform on this subject
so prominently connected with the
cannot be construed otherwise than as
a denunciation of him. '
"Here we have the- Republicans of
Kansas heartily Indorsing the nomina
tion of Taft and Sherman even com
mending the speech or acceptance of
Mr. Taft while the convention pro
ceeds to condemn Mr. Taft's position
on the guarantee of banks and Mr.
Sherman's position on the subject of
rules."
Mr. Bryan left at midnight for Lin
coln, where he Is expected to arrive to
morrow forenoon.
Mr. Bryan said in part:
Why not make the depositor secure? The
United States Government requires the de
posit of specific security when It Intrusts
money to a National bank, although It can
examine the bank at any time; the state
requires security when It deposits money
In a bank: the ounty requires security, and
the city requires security: even the banks
require security from the officials who
handle money. Why should the depositor bs
left to take his chances?
Not only Is the depositor without protec
tion, but the security given to nation, state,
oounty and city lessens his security. They
are preferred creditors; they have a mort
gage on the gilt-edged assets, and the de
positor must get along as best he can with
what remains. Why are the Interests of
depositors thus neglected 7
Make Facts Confirm to Theory.
A bank asks deposits on the theory that
the depositor is sure of the return of his
money, and the laws ought to make the
facts conform o the theory. The depositor,
the community and the banker himself will
be benefited by legislation which will give
to every depositor the assurance that that
which Is committed to the keeping of th
bank will be available to meet his needs at
any time. Such Is not the case today, for
while all banks are reasonably secure, they
are not absolutely so.
No amount of criticism of the timid de
positor can change the facts: the people
who deposit money want more security than
the laws at present give them. They will
change banks to get more security, and, If
necessary, they will send their money to
another state.
People Remember Lesson of Last Fall.
For many years efforts have been made
In Congress and in the various states to
secure a law guaranteeing deposits, but the
Influence of the great banking Institutions
has been sufficient to prevent action. Last
Fall, however, when the banks by a con
certed action suspended payments on checks,
the depositors were everywhere brought to
a realization of the fact that their deposits
are tn fact loans, payable on demand under
ordinary circumstances, but payable at the
will of the bank In emergencies. The de
positors suffered a considerable lose during
the suspension of payments, and they have
not forgotten the lesson which they then
learned. The Democratic party, being more
free than the Republican party to respond
to the needs of the masses of the people.
Inserted the following plank In Its National
platform:
"We pledge ourselves to legislation by
which the National banks shall be required
to establish a guaranty fund for the prompt
payment of the depositors of any Insolvent
National bank, under an equitable system
which shall be available to all state bank
ing Institutions wishing to use It.'"
This principle has been applied In Okla
homa and the results have been very satis
factory. The average annual loss to de
positors in National banks during the last
forty years has been less than one-tenth of
one per cent of the deposits, and the loss
to the fund In Oklahoma under better regu
lations and restrictions has been absolutely
nothlng during the six months In which the
law has been In operation.
The Republican platform Is silent on the
subject, and the Republican candidate not
only does not advocate a compulsory sys
tem, but specifically and emphatically op
poses It. He says:
Some of Taft's Objections.
"The Democratic platform recommends a
tsx upon Nstional banks and upon such
state banks as may come in, in the nature
of enforced insurance to raise a guaranty
fund to pay the depositors of any bank
which falls.-'
And Jhen he questions the right of the
Government to enact such a law, saying:
"How state banks can be Included In
such a scheme under the Constitution Is
left In th twilight sone of state rights and
federalism so frequently dimming the mean
ing and purpose of the promises of th
platform. If they come in under such a
system, they must necessarily be brought
within the closest National control, and so
MAP OF LAKE MALHEUR RESERVATION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF NATIVE BIRDS ,
9
rz
1
; i i
f JL j. " '
:
LAKE MALHEUR.
Bird reservation embraces all the territory marked by a broken Una
and designated Lake Malheur Reservation on the map. It Includes the
shore lines of Lakes Malheur and Harney and their connecting waters,
in township 15 south, ranges 32. 32 H and 33. township 26 south, ranges
29. 30. 31. 32 and 33. and township 27 south, ranges 29, 29, 30 and 82.
all cast of Willamette Meridian.
ENCE
144-14-8 THIRD STREET
BET. MORRISON AND ALDER
This store will close Friday and Saturday, August 28th
and 29th, to take stock in anticipation of disposing of
the entire stock, fixtures and lease to the San Francisco
Mercantile Company, Inc. lawrence shanahan
B. i. Fuigrwves, President.
H. o. Casmtor. Ofcrertajy.
SAN FRANCISCO MERCANTILE CO.
uoeiroitAiiD
162 MONTGOMERY STREET
San Francisco, Gal., August 24, 1908.
Mr. Lawrence Shanahan, .
Portland, Oregon.
Dear Sin
We reoeived your letter of recent date and beg to state
that your price and terme are perfectly satisfactory to us.
Our representative will leave at once for your city. Kindly make
neoesaary arrangements concerning lease.
Respectfully,
SAN FRANCISCO MERCANTILE CO., Inc.
Per R. J. FULGRAVES '
(Signed)
they must really cease to be state banks
and become National banks."
His solicitude for the state bank will
hardly Impress ,the country, tor he is quite
Indifferent to states, and their reserved
rlshts whan he deals with other subjects
When Congress is in the control of those
who want to legislate for the whole people
rather than for the few. It will not be dif
ficult to frame a law under which stats
banks csn avail themselves of the advan
tages of a Federal law guaranteeing tho
deposits of National banks. Just as it was
easy in Oklahoma to frame a law which
permitted National banks to take advantag a
of the state guaranty system It will a so
be easy to enact a Federal law which will
permit National bank, to ava themselves
of state guaranty systems until a National
system can be secured.
The chief cause of bank failures is the
maklnc of excessive loans to directors or
"tncM. of "e bank. This 1. the fruitful
cause of disaster and It has been impos
sible to secure legislation protecting banks
from their own officials and directors. Why?
Because there ha. been no mutual respon
sibility. When all hanks become liable for
the deposits of each, the stockholders will
Insist upon th. enactment of a law making
it a criminal offense for a bank official to
loan more than the prescribed amount to
one Individual. At present we have a law
prohibiting the loaning of more than one
tenth of the capital and surplus to one per
son or corporation, but the law Is only
directory. Of course, the controller can
suspend a bank If It violates the law. but
the law Is not enforced, because the en
forcement of uch a law would throw the
punishment upon innocent stockholders and
upon the community, since th. suspension
of a bank Inflicts a great loss upon stock
holders and disturbs the business of the city
or town in which the bank Is located
The law should make it a criminal of
fn to loan more than th. prescribed
amount o one person, and we would prob
ahlr be able to secure the passage of a law
prohibiting market speculation by bank of
ficials. Other Objections AnswereA.
An objection la sometime made to th.
guaranty law that a "new bank would start
up across the street" and, being able ta
promt. Its depositors absolute security
through the guaranty law. could draw th
dnpo.it. away from conservatively managed
banks by offering a higher rate of interest
than th. latter could pay. This objection
Is urged a If It were an unanswerable one.
Put let us see how easily It can be met.
Since the law makes all of th. banks lia
ble for the obligations of each bank, the
law should prohibit any. abuse of this se
curity by any bank, and in Oklahoma the
banking board has already axed the rate
or interest that can b paid to depositors.
According to th rules of the banking
board no bank 1 permitted to pay more
than S per cent on short-time deposits or
more than 4 per cent on time deposits run
ning for six months or more.
It hss also been urged as an objection
that under th guaranty system a big bank
would have no advantage ovr a little bank.
Even If this argument were sound. It could
not weigh against th. advantage, of th
y.tem. for banks are made for the people,
not the people for the banks. While there
are advantages In having big banks, th.
advantages are not sufficient to Ju.tlfy the
Jeopardising of th depositor or et the busi
ness interests of a community.
But, as a matter of fact, the big bank
would still have several advantages over
th. small on.. In th. first place. It could
make larger loans than the small bank.
For Instance, a bank with $1,000,000 capital
and surplus could, as at present, loan
fion.ooo to on person, while a bank with
$100 000 capital and surplus could only loan
$10 000 to on. person. This advantage
would In Itself draw to the larg bank th.
large deposits and th men doing business
upon a large scale, for deposits follow ac
commodations. Advantage Over Foetal Savings Banks.
The Republican platform does not go Into
detail, but It is fair to assume that th.
postal savings bank plank is intended as an
Indorsement of the postal savings bank sys
tem, proposed by the President and Post
master-General. Under this plan the Fed
eral Government would Invite the deposit
of savings, a limit being placed upon th
amount that each person or each family
could deposit. According to this plan, th
business man would not be protected, for
he uses a checking account Instead of a
savings account; but no one can doubt that
the successful operation of a Government
savings bank would ultimately lead to an
extension of the plan untH the Government
bank would include the ordinary checking
account and be open to deposits without
limit. It would mean a long contest be
tween the depositors and the bankers, but
a contest which must in the end be de
cided on the side of the depositors. The
banker must decide, therefore, whether he
will favor a postal savings bank which, In
the absence of the guaranty bank, will
grow until it absorhs the banking busi
ness, or preserve the present system of
banking by giving to the people, through
a guaranty law, the protection which they
must otherwise And In a Government bank.
The Democratic plan, therefore, contem
plates a less radical change than the Re
publican plan. In his notification speech
Mr. Taft charged the Democrats with be
ing socialistic in some of their remedies.
The charge was not well founded, but I
might reply by charging him with advo
cating an unnecessary extension of the Gov
ernment's sphere of activity In the estab
lishment of the postal savings bank, when
the guaranteed bank would answer the same
purpose without any considerable increase
In the number of Government employes. I
would rather se the banks attend to the
banking business than to have it trans
ferred to the Government, and because I
prefer to have the banking business done
by the banks rather than by the Govern
ment. I urge the guaranty of deposits as
the easiest solution of our difficulties.
I submit that In this effort to make all
banks secure, the Democratlo party Is the
champion of the farmer, the laboring ma,
th business man, the professional man, and
the champion of the banker as well. No
class is outside of the benefits of this law,
for It bestows Its blessings upon all.
Nominated for Congress.
Thirty-sixth New York District Will
iam H. Follette. pem.
Eighth Kentucky District W. L. Beth
urm. Rep.
Weinhard's Malt Tea, a non-intoxicating:
beer, ready for delivery Satur
day, August 29. 1908. Phone orders to
Henry Weinhard Brewery, Thirteenth
and B streets. Main 72; A 1172.
A GOOD SET
of Brains
Can be kept in ood condi
tion best by
Grape-Nuts
FOOD
Which contains the material
to make good brain cells
I it is made by a Food Expert
from -wheat and barley.
There's a Reason"
YAQUINA BAY
Oregon's Matchless Beach Resort
The Place to Go for Perfect Pv-est and All
Sorts of Healthful and Delightful Recreation.
ITS FACILITIES ARE COMPLETE Best of food
and an abundance of it. Fresh water from springs.
All modern necessities, such as telegraph, telephone,
markets freshly provided every day. Fuel in abund
ance. Cottages partly furnished or unfurnished to
be had cheaply. .Strict municipal sanitary regula
tions. "
SUMMER EXCURSION RATES
From All Points in the Northwest
NEWPORT is reached by way of the Southern Pacific to Albany ot
Corvallis, thence Corvallis & Eastern K. R. Train service daily and
the trip a pleasure throughout. Leave Portland 8:15 A- M., main line
via Albany, or 7 A. M. via West Side line.
KATES FROM PORTLAND
Season Tickets, on sala daily $6.00
' Saturday-to-Monday Tickets $3.00
Call at the city ticket office of the Southern Pacific, Third and
Washington streets, in Portland, or at any S. P. agency elsewhere, for
complete information.
WM. McMURRAY,
General Passenger Agent, Southern Pacific Co. Lines in Oregon,
Portland, Or.
Don't "look for the signature" Just
look for the food in a package of
It's all food and it's full of muscle-making,
life-giving material. It is the new malted
corn food, made of the choicest white corn
blended with pure barley-malt. Agrees
with everybody and tastes good to young
and old. Ready-to-serve hot or cold. Your grocer sells it
The only Malted Corn Flakes.
MM)