Entered t Portland. Oregon. Poetofflce aa Eecand-Claaa Matter. Subscription Bote Invariably ta Adianc". (By Mail) Daily. Sunday Included, ona year. $-00 Lally. Sunday Included, aix months.... a " t-..,C u...i.V inri.irid. three months. Lallr. Bunday Included, ona month... lally without Sunday, one year pally, without Sunday, alx montha..... Lally. without Sunday, thrta montna. I's'ly. without Sunday, ona month.... Weekly, ona yaar 6unday. ona yar fcucdy and Weekly, ona yaar 74 6 00 g 25 L7 180 IK) S.60 (By Carrier. ) IaIIy. Sunday Included, ona yaar...... Xaily. Sunday Included, ona monto 10 Mow to Remit Bona postofHc money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency re at tba sender's risk- Olvo postofnce ao alraaa In full. Including county and state. Postage Rates 10 to 1 pages. 1 cant: 18 to 2 iiatH, 2 centa: 80 to 44 pages. I cents; 46 to 60 pagea. centa. Foreign poet ac double rates. Kastera Bnslneaa Office The S. C Back wlth Special Agency New York, rooms 48 C0 Tribune building. Chicago, rooma 510-01.1 Tribune building. PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY. AUG. 19. 190. THE BRVA.V POLITIC AX M.ETHOD. Twice Air. Bryan made his appeal to the country on substantially the same ground as that on which he makes his present one. It was and is an appeal on the one hand to those who have not been successful in life, In business, or in Industry, and on the other hand against those who have achieved some measure of success, greater or less. Howsoever the form may van', each and every one of Bry an's campaigns .Is an effort to set the propertyless class against the owners of property: and shiftlessness, envy and resulting discontent against the painstaking prudence and careful in dustry to which all the moderate for tunes of the country are due. There are some Immense fortunes, gatherejl by predatory methods, which are in another class altogether. The effort to put a stop to the abuses by which these "swollen fortunes" have been amassed can be a work of no party, because the "plutocrats," as these per sons are called, are members of no party exclusively. In the steel trust and oil trust and paper trust, among railroad magnates and big operators in all lines, there are Democrats as well as Republicans; and many of these are now friendly to Bryan or ac tively supporting him, because they believe their real Interest lies In play ing one party against another, not permitting the party whose leaders make their appeal mainly to the prop ertyless class and the shiftless class to get entirely away from them. But It is undoubted that the smaller business and property interests of the country, especially in the Northern States, are mostly opposed to Bryan. It is as natural as legitimate. Bryan's appeal, from the time he first ap peared on the scene till now, has been instinctively recognized as menace of injury to them. But no party can be completely di vorced from property and' business. There must be recognition of industry, of Individual enterprise and talents, and of desire of gain. Having tried It twice, under Brj'an, whose appeal was to the shirtless and shiftless and all ne'er-do-weels, the next effort was made through and by the property and plutocratic element of the party; and Parker was nominated. His nomina tion was a protest of the business and property class, associated with the Democratic party, against the Bryan undertaking. It failed, because the opposite element of the party wouldn't support Parker. Now Bryan comes to the front again. This see-saw, be tween the plutocracy of the Demo cratic party and its rag-tag, has be come the familiar thing In our mod ern politics. Once, in more than fifty years, the Democratic party has had complete control and ascendancy in National affairs. This was under Cleveland's second administration. The Demo cratic party had the President, and had control of both branches of Con gress. But never was the government of the country so completely under corporation and plutocratic control as then. Bryan's nomination, in 1896, and again in 1900, was an effort of the "other branch" of the party to ob tain direction of affairs. But It took a course violently radical; it alarmed the business and property Interests and the wiser labor interests of the country, and Bryan was overwhelm ingly beaten. Then surcease of the effort, for a time, through the Parker episode. Now, return to the original proposition of 1896, through nomina tion of Bryan once more. But Bryan now tries to avoid all those things that he pursued as "para mount Issues" In his first efforts. He has forsaken free coinage of silver. "Imperialism" Is not now the burning issue. What does he say? "Justice to all, by assuring to each the enjoy ment of his Just share of the proceeds of his toil, no matter in what part of the vineyard he labors, or to what oc cupation, profession or calling he de votes himself." But what party de nies this? It is vague and Indefinite; it Is buncombe. It is meant, indeed, that a political party, shifting about for the favor of the majority, is to be looked to by the individual for assist ance and support; that government is to supersede the individual In the care of his private welfare, and see that he gets what he wants or claims. But the man who supposes there Is any resource or help for himself herein merely allows himself to be made a victim of delusion. Parker, by speaking for Bryan now, after his contemptuous treatment by Bryan and his supporters, proves him self merely a small partisan, entitled to the supreme contempt with which he was treated by the Bryan people in Oregon and in every state, four years ago. Not so did they chain Grover Cleveland to their chariot wheels. There Is an antidote to Bryanism In common sense and in the Increasing experience of the people. But its tendency is to divide the people into turtles on the line of property be tween those who have thrift and thereby accumulate property, and those who "can't get on." PuBhtsd very far, it may bring on the real trouble predicted for this country by Macaulay, in his letter to Randall, on Randall's "Life of Jefferson" a letter eo powerful as to make thoughtful parsons shudder, who have been read ing It at one time and-another these forty years. Once more The Orego nian has been reminded of it by see ing in the latest number of Collier's Weekly some parts of this letter, with comment and application to the pres ent time. AGAINST THE BOSSES. In an interview Judge Parker it re ported to have said that the people are turning from the Republican to the Democratic party bece.uso they are tired of boss rule. That they are tired of boss rule Is certain, but Intel ligent voters do not expect relief from the Democratic party. They know perfectly well that Democratic bosses aie no better than those of the other complexion, nor has the Democratic party shown any Inclination to dis pense with the boss. Wherever It has been In power the corrupt ma chine has been strongly In evidence, and there has not been any such re volt against the boss In the Democratic party as in the Republican. It must not be forgotten that the great uprising against machine domi nation which Is sweeping the coun try originated In the Republican party. Roosevelt gave It the first truly National impetus, but it has now acquired such momentum that it' has become irresistible and is discernible everywhere. Even in wretched, boss ridden New York there is a movement or an honest 'ballot. The Republican revolt against the boss has retired such men as Long and Dryden from the Senate, and replaced them with leaders of the type of Brlstow. The new school of Republican statesmen Is docldedly democratic In the sense of being friends of popular government and against the rule of cliques and corporations. All over the country the revolt against the boss is Republican. Any one who questions this is requested to ' look at Wisconsin. Iowa, Kansas and New York and see for himself what has been and Is being done. Then let him Inquire whether Repub licans or Democrats are doing it. The plain citizen will not forget that a Re publican victory this Fall will mean a victory of the progressive wing, not of the reactionaries. The latter group accepts Mr. Taft because it has to do so, but It has no love for him. He is an honest man and a genuine friend of the plain people. Everything that he has done in public life- indicates unqualified sincerity of purpose, and when he declares that he will carry out- the Roosevelt policies against the bosses and the cormorar.ts'it is only fair to believe him. THE SPRTXGFIELD RIOT. It is natural that the city authori ties of Springfield, 111., should wish to put the best face possible upon the events of the last few days. "The riot could scarcely have been avoided, and is not in Itself a disgrace to the city," they declare. At least so it is report ed. Whether the riot could have been avoided or not is perhaps debatable, but that It Is a disgrace to the city admits of no question whatever. If the riot could not have been avoided by any precautions on the part of the authorities, then the population of Springfield must contain a terribly large proportion of ruffians and hood lums, which is a disgraceful fact, one would suppose. If the riot could have been avoided by proper precautions and a better system of municipal govern ment, then it is a disgrace that those precautions -were not taken and the Improved system of government put In force. However one looks at the Springfield riot. It Is a deep shame to the city. A mob may sometimes be explained, but it can never be excused. All efforts to mitigate its Iniquity are futile. It Is a cruel, murderous, lust ful beast. " The Springfield mob began its orgies with a design to avenge an assault by a negro upon a white woman. But this pretext served merely as an In troduction to Its real purpose, which was to steal, murder and burn indis criminately. Persons who are savage and cruel enough to Join in the fury of a mob are temporarily incapable of cherishing a good purpose. When they pretend to have one It Is pure hypocrisy. What they want is an op portunity to give free rein to the In nate bestiality of their natures with a fair chance of escaping punishment. For a mob is as cowardly as it is cruel, and, if any one of its members be lieved that he would have to face the consequences of his deeds, he would slink away at once. That mobs are so frequent in this country proves con clusively that our civilization Is in some respects but little removed from savagery. If we did not dwell upon the very verge of barbarism. It would not be so easy for us to slip Into it. No other nation in the world is so given to .riot and mob violence as America. ' Hence It Is very desirable that we should look our condition In the face honestly, with no attempt to belittle our falling. The clergymen and others who beslaver the shame and guilt of Springfield by saying that the negroes have been impudent, or that they have assumed too much po litical power, or that they have taken the Jobs of white' workmen, are sim ply smoothing the way for future mots; and when the next outbreak of lust and murder occurs they must be numbered among the accessories be fore the fact. Hateful and abhorrent above all other things on earth Is a mob. In It man Is shorn of his human nature and reduced to a howling beast. The poets have exercised their Ingenuity to picture the torments of hell. Some have said that it was a place of fire; others, of perpetual Ice. If they had said that it was a place where mob violence raged forever, they would have made their picture still more horrible. One clergyman, expatiating on the Springfield mob, has said that the people of that city had problems to solve which the rest of us cannot appreciate. What If they had? Are they brought any nearer the solution by murder and theft and arson? If problems, are ever solved at all, it is by reason not by riotous passion. Instead of trying to salve their vanity by sayin that the riot has been no disgrace to their city,' the authorities of Springfield would do better to ask what the conditions were in their mu nicipal life which made it possible. Doubtless in that town, as In almost every other in this country, there has been close understanding between the authorities and vice. Very likely the saloons furnished poisonous whisky to the negroes who were paying tribute to the police bosses. Probably all those vicious habits which made the negroes obnoxious to the "better ele ment" were sources of private profit to the officers whom that better ele ment had elected. It is conceivable that. Springfield, like many of our other cities, has been governed for years by an alliance between the forces of hypocrisy and crime. What else can come of such an alliance but an archy? The tone of the citizens who have undertaken to explain the riot seems to be morally low. If they con demn the- mob It is with evjdent insin cerity. All their real blame Is for its victims. It Is useless to try to account for the Springfield and other negro-harrying mobs by the delays and derelic tions of the courts. The shortcom ings of the courts have little or noth ing to do with the matter. These mobs are an outgrowth of the dread ful race hatred which Tillman, Var daman, Dixon and others of their kind have been preaching for the last dozen years. They have preached it for po litical and literary profit, and wh(le they have been filling their pockets with the 'proceeds they have been lighting fuses all over the country which are bound to cause explosions; for the dynamite of evil passion exists everywhere. To these demagogues must be charged a large fraction of the murders, burnings and thefts which are the main incidents of all anti-negro riots. The remainder, at least In the North, must be ascribed to the vicious system of mlsgovern ment which prevails In our cities and which affords every opportunity for crime to flourish. When one thinks of the way our cities are ruled, the wonder is that they are not in riot all the time. NKEDLES8 FIRE LOSS. . "No country, however rich, can suf fer such enormous losses without seri ously impairing Its prosperity," says a recent circular In which the National Board of Fire Underwriters called at tention to the enormous losses by fire in the United States. The immensity of this destruction is shown In a loss of J199.38S.30O during 1907, and a total for the five years ending with 1907 .of $1,257,716,955. The circular presents some Interesting comparative statistics showing that the average fire loss per capita In Austria, Den mark, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland for the five years men tioned was JO. 83, while the average per capita loss in the United States for the same period was $3.02. It Is also stated that the number of fires to each 1000 population Is but 0.86, as compared with 4. 05. in American cities. These statistics certainly reveal an appalling carelessness on the part of the American people, especially' when it is considered that our -fire depart ments as a rule are superior to those of Europe. There Is no greater mis nomer among our common expressions than that which so frequently assures the public, after some great fire, that "the loss was fully covered by Insur ance." Loss by fire is total and com plete, irrecoverable and Irredeemable. New capital and new energy can cre ate something to take the place of that which is destroyed, but the In trinsic tangible value attached to the property destroyed has been eliminat ed forever. The underwriters, tn their appeal to the public, urge the enactment of bet ter building laws, more efficient water supplies and better fire department equipment. The lack of these may -be contributing factors In causing exces sive fire losses in this country, but undoubtedly non-enforcement of laws which are supposed to act as prevent ives of fire has a more important part in swelling the fire loss. The question is one in which all property-owners, even those who are now groaning un der excessive premium rates, are in terested. Insurance rates are too high in localities where people are careful to guard against fire, and the prop erty which la a "good risk" Is too often made to bear the burden that should be laid on poorly constructed and poorly protected shacks. In which are started conflagrations which not infrequently get beyond control. The situation is one that calls for earnest consideration and every possi ble effort should be made to stop, or at least to lessen, this awful annual waste. TEW WORK Vf HIGH SCHOOLS. Introduction of a training course for teachers In the high schools of Ore gon should have a very beneficial ef fect not only in helping to relieve the scarcity of teachers, but also in rais ing the standard of qualifications. In the last few years high schools have become numerous. Every town of any pretensions has its high school, and, though many of these institutions have not yet Installed full four-year courses, nearly all of them will do so as tha pupils advance in their studies enough to require it. With first-class high schools scattered all over the state and each of them giving one year of special training for those who Intend entering the teaching profes sion, the number of young people thus prepared for work in the schoolroom will" be considerable. The high school training course will not take the place of a normal course, and is not de signed to do so, but it will very ma terially increase the efficiency of those young people who would otherwise become teachers without any special training whatever. In years past a very large propor tion of the public school teachers be gan work with scarcely any more; preparation than that received in the eight grades of the common schools. A few took a year or so at denomi national schools, others took a normal course, and others secured their edu cation at the State University. But at every county teachers' examination there appeared a crowd of applicants for teachers' certificates who had Just completed tha eighth grade. Their own financial circumstances made It Impracticable for them to take ad vanced work, and they felt the neces sity of beginning immediately to earn a living. . But tha establishment of high schools, even with 'only one or two years In the course, presented the opportunity for many of the young persons to secure a more- extended education before beginning the work of teaching and many of those who could took advantage of It. Now, with high schools so numerous, there is scarcely any Justification for a young man's or woman's seeking em ployment in the common schools with out first having completed studies several years In advance of the branches, to be taught. Aside from the special training the high schools will now give, these institutions do a very important work in fitting young people for work as teachers. The success of the new department, of -course, will depend largely upon the Judgment and earnestness of those, who have charge of the high schools. Soma of our normal schools, though i having excellent courses of study inj ineir catalogues, uiu no vcij ble work; if reports are true, in pre paring the students for work as teachers. They served the purpose, chiefly, of local high schools. Now they have been brought to a high standard. It Is to be hoped that the teachers' training course in the high schools will be conducted in accord ance with the purpose for which It was established. Every high school that can do so should arrange to offer this course to Its students. If the present contention between the Musicians' Union and the local theatrical trust shall result In better music, the multitude who regularly go to the theater will rejoice. Neither the members of Portland orchestras nor managers of theaters who hire them will soberly assert that the qual ity of their product Is any better than it - should be. With rare exceptions Portland puts up with about as poor an article of orchestrated music as masquerades under the name of art. By all means let's have higher pay and real orchestras, made up of musicians such as every little city in Continental Europe boasts. Increased receipts at the box-office will more than make up the. Increased payroll. However, the present row Is between employer and employe; the public doesn't care a rap. It wants better music. For some years the United States Geological Survey has been Investigat ing Alaskan mineral resources, and notwithstanding the fact that more than 150,000 square miles of the in terior is as yet an entirely unknown region, it has been discovered that fully a score of coal fields. Including anthracite as well as bituminous, are scattered over the area investigated. Even In the explored parts of Alaska probably not one-tenth of the hidden treasures have been located. The coal areas already discovered aggregate over 12,000 square miles, and the quality of the deposits ranges from lowest bituminous to the best Penn sylvania anthracite. Professor T. C. Elliott, of Walla Walla, writing In the Outlook, de clares there Is no proof that Webster ever said of the Oregon Country: What do wa want with the vast, worth less area, this region of aavagaa and wild beasts, of deserts, of ahlftlng aands and whirlwinds of dust, of cactua and prairie dogs? Students of our history long since were convinced that Webster never said or wrote this. Yet it has been attributed to him a thousand times. Vigilant examination thus has failed to discover the origin. It came doubt less from some very obscure source, not now ascertainable. Demands of commerce occasionally work needed reform In unexpected ways. The fruit trust insisted on and has finally secured refrigerating plants on steamers plying between the United States and the West Indies and Cen tral and South American ports. While many delicate tropical fruits too per ishable for ordinary transport will now be brought In. passengers will travel In more comfort for the reason that the -.emperature of staterooms by refrigeration can be brought down t suit precisely the taste of occupants. In England it is different. What American could conceive of Congress regulating automobiles? Yet the House of Commons lately has been discussing the restriction of motorists. One member, Walter Long, proposed to take off all speed limits and make' every driver strictly responsible for mischief done or for reckless speed In any given circumstance. This Is an improvement over the English theory that pedestrians have no rights which the driver of a horse is bound to re spect. Since our theaters are likely to try to get along without musicians, proba bly the managers will welcome sug gestions for entertaining the audiences between the acts. How would it do to paint advertisements over the en tire inner walls, like those which now adorn the drop curtain? By the time the audience had read them all they would find even the poorest play a happy relief. If Judge Parker succeeds in per suading every Democratic voter In Cortland to keep the faith and vote lor Bryan, he will have done great work. That means 2324 entire votes In Multnomah County in a total of 30,000 or more. The 2324 represent those loyal and never-to-be-nauseated-by-any-klnd-of-crow Democrats who stood by Parker in 1904. The Meyers boys who sought to pre vent their father's marriage by put ting him in Jail must lament over our inadequate laws. Under our system even an old man seems to have rights which his sons must respect. These boys would be happier in Ashantee, where old men are quietly disposed of by stopping up their throats with mud. If Bishop Tuttle, of St. Louis, imag ines that he can compel a husband and wife who detest each other to live together In love by refusing them a divorce, he ought to take a few les sons in human nature. The "divorce evil" is merely a symptom. The dis ease lies deeper and there is no eccle siastical unguent that will cure It. It was singularly convenient for a non-partisan Governor to be away from home on the occasion of the opening of the Democratic National campaign in Oregon. He was also conveniently away when the Bryan "ratification" meeting was held in Portland. Strange; yet perhaps not so strange. The resurrection of the dead may soon be as easy to believe in as the flying machine. A New York man was restored to life the other day after ly ing dead three minutes. Next it will be three hours and then three years. Where was the young man's soul dur ing those fateful minutes? The officers thoughtfully gave the Halns brothers quarters together in a large and commodious cell. Very considerate. The same noose should be used for hanging them. At what age does a man's right to marry, over the objections of his greedy sons, cease? "Surely the people do rule," cries Mr. Sherman. That's right. Some people. LORD MACAULAY ON DEMOCRACY What Famous "Writer Had to Bar of America Many Year Ago. Collier's Weekly. The effect of democracy on intelli gence, science, and government is a topic to which these editorials have a persistent tendency to recur. Forty one years ago Lord Macauley wrote to an American: I have long been convinced that Insti tutions purely democratic must, sooner or later, destroy liberty, or civilization, or both Either the poor would plun der the rich, and civilization would perish: or order and property would be saved by a strong military government, and liberty would perish. The great historian then proceeded to make this definite and gloomy phophlcy: The day will come .when, in the State of New York, a multitude of people, none of whom has had more tl-an half a break fast, or expects to have more than hair a dinner, will choose a Legislature. Is it possible to doubt what sort of a Legisla ture will be chosen? On one side is a statesman preaching patience, respect for vested rights, strict observance of public faith. On the other Is a demagogue rant ing about the tyranny of capitalists snd usuerers. and asking why anybody should be permitted to drink champatrne and to ride In a carriage while thousands of hon est folks are In want of necessaries. Which of the two candldatea la likely to be pre ferred by a working man who hears his children cry for more bread? At Denver we were depressed espe cla'ly by one speech, because it was made by a man of high cultivation, who has done much work for his fellow men. His talk about champagne and automobiles was as fiery as Lord Macaulev prophesied, and he included a fierce diatribe against Judge Taft for that now famous answer to the ques tioner who wished to know what a man should do if he and his family were starving. "God knows," Bald Taft. Now that answer showed honesty. It meant that while Judge Taft would take every step he could Bee for the lessening of poverty, he would not He about panaceas, he would not pretend to have a patent cure-all, and he would not encourage hope in extreme and violent remedies. Yet our friend in Denver went into a passion of assertion that no man who would answer "God knows" to the cry of poverty was worthy to be President It is so easy, so deadly easy. Pick out some lux uries, hurl eloquence at them, promise everything, and you own your hun gry and neoy audience. That Is the danger of radical government a dan ger which we believe will be success fully averted. Not so Macaulay: "Nothing can. stop you. Your constitu tltlon Is all sail and no anchor." i 1 SIX TO OXE OST MB. TAFT, Betting; Barometer as Reflected by Wall-Street Sentiment. Cleveland Leader. Betting, no doubt, is a fool's argument, but to balance one common saying with another, "money talks." Wagers do not debate politics, for instance, but they do record the general belief regarding politi cal chances and conditions. They can t prove the right or wrong of anything, but they hold a fairly true mirror up to pub lic sentiment and the drift of events. For that reason It is Interesting and even important to note that a bet of $15.t 000 on Taft against $25,000 on Bryan has been made in New York. The odds of six to one create a new record for Ameri can history, since tne birth of the Repub lican party. In the way of one-sided wagers. In 1896 the odds on McKinley were never higher than three to one. The com mon rate was two to one In the East. In some parts of the West and the South it was possible, occasionally,, to get even money on. Bryan. In 1900 the same con ditions existed, as a general rule, McKin ley being the favorite at about three to one, on the average. Some wagers may have gone as high as four to one before the end of the campaign. When the conservative Democrats tried their hand. In 1904, the betting started with about two to one on Roosevelt. Later the odds rose to three to one, or even a little higher Just before the polls opened. It was evident by that time that Parker had no real chance. But six to one and in mtd-Summar! There is no precedent for such a forecast of a Presidential campaign. It is a con dition which paints a grim picture of Bryan's very forlorn hope. And the pic ture is true. Women In Heroic Action. ' Baltimore News. Girls forming a . "human chain" saved a youth from drowning; a young woman at Atlantic City locked a thief in her roorat and caused his arrest; another young woman drove a burglar from the house at the point of her re volver. These are Items of the news In the last few days. It looks as if the old-fashioned tim idity of the weaker sex were gone. The capture of burglars and the sav ing of drowning men are not the work of cowards. And from this we may draw the conclusion that our women, like our men, are growing stronger, braver, more self-reliant and more self-sacrificing, without apparently be ing any the less womanly. This is the real new woman, and she's worth many of the pale, slip pered, frightened dameels of past days. One Entry on Harriman'. Account. Boston Herald. Criticism of Mr. Harriman will cease long enough, we suppose, to afford op portunity to give him credit for his $10. 000,000 order for additional equipment for the Gould road in which he has lately become an important factor. The ad ditional equipment will enable the road to handle Its business In better shape. The Investment will be a healthy stimu lus to business. It is likely to afford en couragement to other Investors. Whether Mr. Harriman was Inspired by selfish or purely patriotic motives in securing control of these lines doesn't matter. This $10,000,000 order to the car builders rep resents benefits In which general Industry will participate. An entry should be made on the credit side of Mr. Harrl man's account. Had to Support Hlmaelf. Kansas City Journal. It Is told that Cyrus Leland, while pushing his candidacy for the Repub lican Gubernatorial nomination, wrote a letter to a Kansas farmer asking him for his support for the primary. "Answer this letter, daughter," said the farmer to his 16-year-old girl, of whose penmanship he was proud, when the letter reached him. "Tell Uncle Cy that I am too busy in the field to do anything for him. Tell him I'm work ing early and late to get In my crops." The girl waited until her father had gone back to his fields, and then penned this short note which she thought told the story: "Papa has all he can do to support himself without supporting any body else." She mailed it. Snake Twists Around Auto Car WheeL . Pittsburg (Pa) Despatch. A big rattlesnake was found twisted around the axle of a motor-car be longing to Frank Walker and A. A. Cromwell, of Danville, Pa., and the machine was stopped by the obstruc tion. Soya Kiaa Is Worth Jail Sentence. St. Louis (Mo.) Dispatch. Thomas Bowler, a clerk in a Stephen son County (Mo.) store, who kissed Miss Jane Shellhart and was Jailed for the offense, says the klcs was worth the sentence. Great Farm Value Increase in Seven Years Extraordinary Prosperity of the Producer, of the United State.. Between lO0 and 10OT Farmers' Property - Advanced fS,0O0,0O0,0OO. Manufacturers' Record. The increase In the value of farm property of $8,000,000,000 between 1900 and 1907 is nearly nine times as great as the aggiegate National banking cap ital of the United States. It is more than one-half as large as the total capitalization, bonds and stocks Includ ed, of all the railroads in the United States. It Is nearly three times as large as the aggregate savings-bank deposits of the whole country. Think for a moment of the increase, simply seven years' Increment, In the value of farm property being nine times as great as the total National banking capital of the United States, three times as great as all the savings-bank deposits accumulated during all the past and half as large as the entire capitalization of all the railroads In the United States, into which the sur plus money of the land has been pour ing for over three-quarters of a cen tury. In all the records of American devel opment nothing Is more remarkable than the advance made during the last few years by the agricultural interests of this country. The story of what the farmers are doing and of what they have accomplished within the last few years Is unmatched even by the marvelous growth in manufacturing. In 1S90 the 8,563,000 people engaged In agriculture in this country- produced a total of $2. 466.000, 000, or an average of $287 per capita. In 1907 tha 11.991, 000 engaged In agriculture produced a total of $7,412,000,000. or an average of $618 Der capita. During that period the number of people engaged In agri culture increased by 40 per cent, while the value of farm products increased by 200 per cent, and the value of all farm property increased by 89 per cent. In the brief period between 1900 and 1907 the value of farm property ad vanced In value from $20,439,000,000 to $28,077,000,000, a gain of nearly $8,000,000,000, or 37 per cent, though the number of people engaged in agricul tural pursuits Increased only 15 per cent. These figures are a gain, an Incre ment added to the wealth of our farm ers, so amazing In Its magnitude as to be difficult of comprehension. No wonder the mass of farmers South and West are largely out of debt; no won der much of the idle capital In the country banks of all sections Is the surplus money of farmers. This re markable advance In the average value of production j,er capita and the In crease In farm values has a number of reasons for Its existence. In 1890 to 1906 the Increasing pover ty of the farmers of all sections, due to low prices, was the subject of al most universal discussion. Consumers of farm products were then buying at a lower cost than they had ever known before. But the producers, the farmers of the land, were In dire poverty. With the Increase in manufacturing during the last ten years, and with the devel opment of railroads and the large In crease In the number of their em ployes, making a great gain In the number of consumers of farm products, and the gradual elimination of the cheap lands of the West by settlement, and the flood of gold pouring Into the world's channels of trade, we have had a combination of circumstances which have united to bring about a much higher range of values. The consumer of farm products Is no longer rejoicing in the low prices which prevailed 12 or 15 years ago. The farmer Is now having his innings, and . though this condition works a hardship upon many consumers, it is a great blessing to the country at large. It should be a mat ter of general rejoicing that the farm ers are on rising ground financially. Economic conditions practically as sure a continuation of Increasing values of farm lands, of an Increasing demand for farm products, growing more rapidly than the production Is likely to grow, and thus a continued high range of prices for practically all the products of American farms. The consumer can no longer hope to Set his cotton goods, his bread and his meat at the low price of 1896. We have been passing through an eoonomlc revolution, or evolution, to a higher range of living. This necessarily means a higher range of prices for farm products and a higher range of wages for mechanics. With the agricultural conditions of the country in such a fundamentally sound position as indicated by the fig ures which we have given there can not be any such long period of Indus trial depression as we had In former years, when the farmers were the poor est people in the land. With the cer tainty of crop yields, which In the ag gregate will give us the greatest amount of railroad tonnage and the sycatest value to farm products which we have ever had, nature has laid the foundation for a great expansion of Industry. Taking the value of farm products as shown by the following figures, we have a striking Illustration of the won derful growth now under way: Tears. Value of Farm Products. 1570 '. .ai.nss.ono.ooo 1SK0 2,212.000,000 ISflO 2.466,000,000 1(K)0 4,717.000,000 1905 . 6.416.000.000 11106 8.704.000,000 107 .' T.412.000.00O 180S 8,000,000.000 In the 2.1-year period between 1870 and 1890 the gain was only $500,000,000; In the 30-year period between 1870 and 1900 the gain was only $2,800,000,000, whereas in the eight-year period from 1900 to 1908 the gain was $3,300,000, 000, or $500,000,000 more than for the SO years from 1870 to 1900. Beginning with 1900 every year has shown a steady and rapid Increase. And in nearly every year the gain over the preceding year exceeded the total gain of 20 years between 1870 and 1890. Probably nothing more forcibly illus trates this marvelous change than the fact that the value of the agricultural products of the South alone, which will this year be between $2,250,000,000 and J2.500,000,000, will be more than the total for the United States In 1880 and about the same as for the entire ooun try as late as 1890. In 1890 who could have dared to predict that the value of the South's farm products of 1908 would equal the total for the United States In 18907 That the South, with 26,000,000 population. Is producing as much value in agricultural outturn as the United States with 62,000.000 peo ple did In 1890 is one of the amazing facts of r.ur history, in 1890 the value of all agricultural products outside of the South was $1,696,000,000, or at least $600,000,000 less than what the South alone will this year produce. Turning to the figures which tell the value of farm property in the United States we have the following: Value of All Farm Property In the United States. Number of People Engaged In Tears. Value. Agriculture. 1870. .........$ 8,900.000.000 5.992.000 1880.. 12.180.000,000 7.713.000 1890 16.082,000.000 8.565,000 1900 ... 20.439.000.000 10,438.000 1905 26,670,000,000 11,600,000 1906 27.813.000,000 11.733.000 1907 28.077.000,000 11.991,000 And In this connection the statistics, which show the value of agricultural products per capita of the entire popu lation, and the per capita of all en gaged In agriculture and the value of iarm- property to the number. o( j?eo-J pie engaged In agriculture, will be of Interest: Value of Agricultural PrgduJ.f1,.' , Per Capita. , Per Capita of of Entire All Engaged in Tears. Population. Agrle ulture. 1870 ."0 $33 1880. . 44. 1890 19(10 1905 1900 1907 a 87 r.i 451 -7 r.ss Jo:::::::::::.. ;t 86 T-at nt prm Pronertv to Number Of Teara. People Engaged In Agncuiiui i"o isso .. 1890 1900 , IBOS 1906 1907 1579 . . 1878 . . 1958 . . 2110 . . 2S15 . . 2341 Much, however, as the farmers of this country have accomplished in the mar velous advance shown by these fig ures, they are only at the beginning of their progress. Within the last five or ten years there has been a rapid growth In scientific farming. Under these conditions there is an increasing average yield per acre. We are pre paring for an Increased yield much greater than the Increase in acreage. At the same time millions of acres of hitherto waste lands are being made available for the most profitable agri cultural pursuits. Irrigation In the semi-arid regions of the West Is turn ing a desert Into fruitful orchards and vineyards yielding Immensely profit able crops. What irrigation Is doing for dry land, reclamation Is beginning to do on a still more profitable scale for wet land. The country has learned that it is a simpler proposition to take the surplus water off of overflowed lands than it Is to bring a supply of water to the dry land of the West. Thousands of acres reclaimed within the last few years, yielding today great profits where nothing was produced a few years ago, have shown the almost Illimitable possibilities in saving to man's uses the millions of acres of re clalmable wet lands which have hereto fore been without value. It Is esti mated that the aggregate wet or over flowed lands which can be reclaimed are greater in extent and will be very much greater In value per acre when reclaimed than the entire acreage now devoted to the wheat and cotton crops of the United States. This Is, indeed, a veritable empire of boundless poten tialities which will add Immeasurably to the wealth of the South, where great reclamation progress Is already under way. Considering the progress Jn scientific agriculture, the steady In crease In the yield per acre now going on, the vast expansion In trucking and fruit-growing for the needs of an ever-expanding population, the great possibilities In Irrigation and reclama tion work, we can readily see that the agricultural Interests of the country are only at the beginning of their real broad development, and that the future holds In store a prosperity muoh great er even than the magnificent advance since 1900 has brought them. These facts furnish a foundation for un bounded optimism as to the magnitude of our material progress in the future. IMPOTENCE OF OUR CRIMINAL LAW Calls for Oyer and Terminer Cotirt, From Which There I. No Appeal. Washington (0. C.) Post. Not long ago. In a community of one of our most enlightened states, a man committed an unprovoked and atrocious murder. He was apprehended by the au thorities and .saved from the vengeance of a mob by the interposition of the mil itary. In short time the grand Jury scrutinized the case and returned an indictment charging the accused with the crime of murder. In the criminal division of the Circuit Court of that bailiwick the ease was called for trial soon after the grand Jury had preferred the charge, and tha counsel for the defense asked for a con tinuance on the sole ground that public sentiment In that community was so hos tile to his client that he could not have a fair trial at that time. The motion was granted, and thus the very atrocity of his crime shielded the felon from the ven geance of the law. That sort of thing is the rule In very nearly every neighborhood In the United States, and it amounts to an indulgence to commit crime. Two continuances are very nearly equal to one acquittal. Wit nesses die, or forget, or depart, or ab second; the emotional citizen changes his vengeance into sympathy; the malefactor gets to be a hero and a martyr. He is tried when and where the prevailing sen timent Is pity. The verdict of "not guilty" Is greeted with applause, and the red-handed murderer not only goes acquit, but with the good will of the pop ulace. That is how our criminal laws are ad ministered. Is It any wonder that Judge Lynch is kept active? Is It any wonder that Judge Lynch Is looked upon as a mighty good Judge in some of our states? And as long as our criminal laws are administered for crime and not for Jus tice Judge Lynch will be a very busy man. Equity Jurisprudence Is denned as that wherein the law, by reason of Its univer sality, Is deficient, and lynch Jurispru dence may be characterized as that wherein the law, by reason of failure of Justice, engenders the contempt of the community. We need In America a Court of Oyer and Terminer, from whose Judgments there is no appeal That would tend to send Judge Lynch on vacation. Mr. Togo at the Ball Game. Atlantic Monthly. So you will bear with Mr. Togo if his account errs through excess of Im pressionism. Says he: "One strong armed gentleman called a Pitch is hired to throw. Another gentleman called a Stop Is responsible for what ever that Hon. Pitch throws to him. so he protects himself from wounding by sofa plllowe which he wear on hands. Another gentleman called a Striker stand in front of the Stop and hold up a club. to fight off that Hon. Pitch from angry rage of throwing things. Hon. Pitch in hand holds one baseball of an unripe condition of hardness. He raise that arm lofty then twist O sudden! "He shoot thera bullet ball Btraight to breast of Hon. Stop. Hon. Striker swinge club for vain effort. It is a miss and them deadly ball shoot Hon. Stop In gloves. Struck once!' decry Hon. Umperor, a person who is there to gossip about it in loud voice." Lost Baby tn Roller-Top Desk. Pittsburg (Pa) Despatch. Alice, 3-year-old child of William Throman, of Philadelphia, lost all day, was discovered after several hours' search asleep under the lid of a roller top desk, where he had been placed by a 6-year-old sister for safe-keeping. Fateful Adventures) on a Friday. Indianapolis News. Smith Whiteside' of Lower Oxford, Pa., last Friday fell Into a creek, was nearly killed by a scythe, stepped Into a nest of yellow Jackets and was se verely stung and finally had a fight with a polecat. Maacagnl Collides With an Orange. Chicago Record-Herald. Mascagni, the Italian composer, while conducting his opera "Mascherl," at Leghorn, was struck by an orange thrown by an enemy in the audience, and- his soprano waa hit by an onion.