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I-OKTLANM. SATIUDAV. AIG. 1. 1908.
pki:siiext AND COURTS.
With scarcely an exception, the
newspapers of the country that have
commented upon President Roose
velt's criticism of the Standard Oil de
cision have condemned the language
the President used. Some have gone
s'j far as to say that the President is
guilty of contempt of court, while one
or two have asserted that he should
be brought before the court upon con
tempt proceedings, if such a prosecu
tion be possible. A large number of
j a peis indicate belief that there was
r iscarriage of justice in the Standard
Oil case, yet they think that it was
improper for the President of the
I'nited Status to express his opinion In
the vigorous language which charac
terizes so many of his utterances.
Aside from all considerations of law
and fart Involved in this particular
case, there is presented the question
whether the Chief Executive of the
Nation should at any time and in any
circumstances declare publicly that
there has been a miscarriage of Jus
tice, that the guilt of the defendant
ia certain, and that the result would
have been different If the accused had
been a small instead of a. large of
fender. The question involves the
double consideration whether he has
a right to make such comments upon
the decisions of the courts, and, even
if he has. w hether it Is wise for him to
t-xereise the right. As time passes and
people come to realize that courts are
human, and not divine, there will be
more general apploval of the course
the President pursued. There is in
deed, we think, public approval now.
Nor, in reaching such a conclu
sion. Is it necessary to assume that
the President speaks only as a citizen
and not as Chief Executive. He can
not speak merely as a citizen. While
his utterances will have no legal effect
whatever upon a decision that has
been rendered, and his words will
have no oliicial recognition, yet the
position he occupies and the respect in
which a President is held precludes
his speaking as an ordinary citizen.
His acts and omissions must be con
sidered In the 5ight of the position he
occupies, and he must be held respon
sible accordingly. To all intents and
purposes he speaks not as Theodore
Roosevelt, but as President of the
United States. Whether he Is to be
commended or condemned should be
determined by what he says, and not
by the fact that he spoke at all. His
right to speak upon any subject at
any time is unlimited, and what he
Bays must be judged upon Its merits.
There are three departments of
government executive, legislative and
judicial. Scarcely any one has ever
questioned the right of the President
to critliiise the acts of Congress, nor
the right of Congress to criticise the
acts of the President. Why, then,
should an atmosphere of sacredness
be thrown about the courts? No de
partment of government is infallible.
So long as these departments are filled
by human beings, there will be not
only errors of the mfnd, but errors of
the heart, for human frailty cannot be
left behind when one enters public of
fice. It Congress has erred, why
should not the President say so? If
it has acted from improper motives,
that fact presents all the stronger rea
son why the Chief Executive should
point out the wrong. Exactly the
same principle Is involved in the atti
tude of the executive toward the
courts. If they have made a mistake,
or If they have acted In one case as
they would not have acted in another
of the same chararer, put with dif
ferent parties, let it be so declared.
If the fact exists at all, it Is of the
utmost seriousness, and the disclosure
should be given as wide publicity as
possible. It follows, therefore, that
no one can more properly declare the
wrong than the President himself.
There are rights which are sacred
those of person, property and reputa
tion and they are so declared In our
fundamental law. These rights are
Just as sacred In the case of members
of the Judiciary as In the case of other
individuals, and no more so. Because a
man is a judge or a member of Con
gress does not subject him to libelous
criticism, without recourse. If Mr.
Roosevelt has libeled the Judges, he
should be brought to account; If he
has told the truth about them, they
thould be brought to account. Never
should the President be silenced mere
ly because they are Judges.
The Constitution makes It the duty
of the President to "take care that the
laws be faithfully executed." Roose
velt has tried to fulfill that duty, but,
being human, he has undoubtedly
made mistakes. There were many
people who openly accused him of act
ing from improper motives when he
interfered in behalf of Paul Morton In
the Santa Ee rebating case. Because
he was President did not throw a pro
tecting atmosphere of sanctity around
litm. Though a great many people
condemned that act, yet fhey so deep
ly appreciated his general purpose to
tlo right that they overlooked the act
which they believed to be wrong. A
man who has done as much as Roose
velt has to promote Justice will not be
condemned for one error.
The same will hold true of the
court. It Is peculiarly the duty" of
the courts to promote Justice. Mem
bers of the judiciary will be Judged
not by single'acts. but by the general
trend of their decisions. If by draw
ing nice distinctions and by magnify
ing the importance of technicalities
they promote the welfare of the law
breaker, they merit and must expect
general condemnation. If their course
tends to Increase the proportion of
cases In which justice is meted out.
and if In general parties litigant get
what they merit or deserve, the people
will not fall to commend. They have
the making of their records. No
cloak of sanctity will shield them from
accountability.
GOMPERS IN A BAD TEMPER.
While Mr. Gompers may rage at his
critics, and may deny that he at
tempted to deliver the labor vote to
Bryan, he cannot overcome the belief
that that is exactly what he tried and
is trying to do. It is true that he did
not expressly say that he would de
liver the vote. Such a statement
would be foolish and would defeat its
purpose. But In order to make his
Intention plain it was not necessary
for him to stand 'up and say, "Mr.
Bryan, I hand you the votes of the la
boring people of this country.'' But,
so far -as it was within his power to
do so; Mr. Gompers has tried to de
liver the votes, and the protests that
have gone up from every section of the
country show that he has mistaken the
temper of the people of this country.
The laboring man, like every other
voter, will not permit any one to de
liver his votd for any candidate.
Mr. Gompers cannot Ignore his posi
tion as head of the American Federa
tion of Labor. When he publicly an
nounces his position in a political con
test, and particularly mentions the
class of people for whom he acts, he
cannot escape the assumption that he
is in reality seeking to act for them,
even though he disclaims such Inden
tion and professes to speak only as a
citizen. His acceptance .of the posi
tion and authority of head of the
American Federation of Labor pre
cludes his acting upon public ques
tions as he might have acted were he
not in that position. His remarks to
Mr. Bryan and his addresses to the
public are not those of an individual
citizen, but those of the head of his
organization. And he is intelligent
enough to know that they will be so
taken.
When Mr. Gompers says that he has
no politico, or that. If he has, they are
the politics of the people, he says
what every politician . says. "Our
George" is not a politician. Mr. Bryan
is seeking non-partisan support. Bryan
is the sworn enemy of politicians. His
politics are the politics of the people,
of course. The more a man figures In
politics and the more he seeks to In
fluence the people for political pur
poses the more vigorously he denies
that he is a politician. Mr. Gompers
is undoubtedly sincere in thinking
that his politics are the politics of the
people. Hearst has the same opinion
of his politics, and probably Taft
would say the same thing of his, if
modesty did not forbid. Here In Ore
gon the past master of politics would
deny that he ever does anything for
political effect. He always acts In the
interests of the people and in opposi
tion to the politicians. At least he
says he does.
Mr. Gompers should exercise a lit
tle control over his temper. It is well
to be a good loser. He thought he
held a winning hand and played It,
but he lost. He thought he could de
liver the labor vote, but the protest
and criticism. from all over the coun
try show that neither he nor any one
else can do any such thing. He would
better get out of a bad break In the
best manner possible and keep still.
EXHIBITS AT VARIOUS FAIRS.
All the states of the Middle West
have state and local fairs during the
Summer and FaJi, and these fairs are
largely attended by the people of the
localities in which they are held. As
a rule the fairs are at different times,
so that the exhibitors may go from
one state or county to another. Would
It not be well. If it can be arranged,
for Oregon to send an exhibit East to
be placed on display at these fairs?
By such means the attention of hun
dreds of thousands of residents of that
part of the country could be directed
toward this state. Those who would
be reached would be the class most
desired as homeseekers here.
Whether this can be done and
whether it would be a wise expendi
ture of money is a practical question
to be considered by those familiar
with Immigration advertising. The
exhibit need not be large, but should
be of unsurpassed quality. Material
enough to fill a small booth, with a
man in charge who can effectively set
forth the resources, advantages and
attractiveness of this state, would be
sufficient. , A collection of fruits In
glass jars, samples of minerals, such
fresh fruits as might be in season,
specimens of other products that
would attract attention, and photo
graphs showing our timber, orchards,
hop field3, grain farms, salmon fish
eries, factories, shipping, etc., would
make a creditable representation of
what this state has to offer the home
seeker. A booth thus equipped and
provided with placards setting forth
facts which cannot be shown by prod
ucts or photographs, would draw hun
dreds of visitors every day.
The expense of such an undertaking
would necessarily be borne by the dif
ferent sections of the state securing
the benefit of it. No one locality could
bear the burden alone. That such an
exhibit would reach thousands of peo
ple there can be no doubt, but whether
the money could be spent to better ad
vantage in other ways is a question
for immigration experts to determine.
" IMMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION.
Final figures have Just been given
out by the Government on the re
markable immigration and emigration
of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908.
They show that a smaller number of
immigrants entered the United States
during the fiscal year just ended than
during any previous year since
1901-02, the "82,870 arrivals being
602,479 less than in 1906-07. Even
the remarkable shrinkage disclosed by
these figurea does not accurately rep
resent the strong outward movement
of people from this country, for It will
be rememberd that for the first four
months of the fiscal year ending June
30, Immigration was still breaking all
records, and It was not until late In
November that the phenomenal move
ment was checked by the widespread
news of panic.
To understand fully what this coun
try has lost In population and earn
ing capacity by the paralysis of indus
tries last Fall, it Is necessary to com
pare the Immigration of the first sir
months of 1908 with that of the same
period In 1907. For the six months
ending June 30, this year, the' arrivals
were but 192.656. against 743.952 for
the first six months of 1907, and 674,
292 In 1906. To find a corresponding
ly small number of newcomers, it is
necessary to go back more than thirty
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 19Q8.
years. That this ouward flow of la
bor Is still at full tide is shown by the
June returns, which place the arrivals
at all of the ports of the country at
less than 32,000, compared with 164,
734 in June, 1907. There Is always
an outward movement, but at no time
in recent years has It approached in
proportions the dimensions of the In
flow, and up to the present time there
U no indication of a cessation.
" For the entire fiscal year the emi
gration from this country to foreign
lands was 707,841, compared with
344.989 in 1906-07. For the first six
months of 1908 the total was 390,476,
compared with 169,476 for the same
period In 1907, and for June a still
more striking change is noticeable,
with an emigration of 72,108, or near
ly two and one-half times the number
of immigrants. Perhaps the most re
markable feature of this change la the
rapidity with which It has been
brought about. It is not yet ten
months' since the demand for labor so
far exceeded the supply that, in all
lines of industrial effort It was impos
sible to find a sufficient number of la
borers to handle the work. Now, not
withstanding the heavy emigration
and the gradual resumption of activ
ity in some lines, the supply of labor,
especially In the congested labor cen
ters of the big cities, is still far in
excess of the demand.
Readjustment has begun, however,
and, with no unfavorable contingen
cies arising. It will not be many
months before the tide will again set
this way, and, with plenty of work .at
good wages, we shall again see immi
gration records broken. A country
which is rich enough to supply more
than 700,000 aliens with sufficient
means to go back to their native land
and live in idleness pending return of
good times must have recuperative
powers too great to remain long in a
state of coma.
RECORD CANAL, BUILDING.
The remarkable progress in con
struction of the Panama Canal will
have a tendency to dispel the general
belief that It is impossible for the
Government to carry on a great indus
trial undertaking with the facility and
speed noticeable in private work. Un
der the management of Colonel Goet
hals, the work of excavation has gone
ahead at a rate which, by comparison
with former efforts, is little less than
marvelous. The Culebra cut has al
ways been regarded as the big feature
of the project, and the length of time
necessary for the completion of the
canal has always been estimated on
the time required in making this cut,
the assumption being that the remain
ing portion of the work would all be
completed before this big cut was
made.
Latest reports from the canal show
that. If the present rate of excavation
Is maintained, the cut will be com
pleted in less than four years. If the
early estimates on the amount of work
outside of the cut are approximately
correct, the canal will be completed
and in working order in less than half
the time originally estimated as neces
sary for Its completion. Some Idea of
the immensity of, the task and the ra
pidity with which it is being pushed
can be gleaned from a comparison
with previous work. The Culebra cut,
which requires nine miles of deep ex
cavation, was begun, in 1881, and in
the eight years under the De Lesseps
regime there were excavated 12,600,
000 cubic yards out of a total of 80,
700,000 yards to be removed. The
French ' successors of De Lesseps In
the nine years ending in May, 1904,
excavated 10,000,000 cubic yards..
The first three years under Ameri
can control were devoted mostly to
preliminary work in getting the plant
and force In shape, but during that
period 7,253,938 cubic yards were re
moved. But it Is the work for the
twelve months ending May, 1908, that
has made new records for canal build
ing, for In these twelve months there
was excavated from Culebra cut a
total of 11,191,488 cubic yards, an
amount but little less than the total
excavated by De Lesseps In' the entire
eight years in which he had control of
the work. J
The histofy of Panama Canal con
struction under French auspices "was
such a dark tale of disaster that skep
tics were inclined to the belief that
but few of the present generation
would live to see the completion of
the canal. With the progress now
made there will be no further misgiv
ings about early completion of the
work, and the canal will undoubtedly
be in active operation in less than five
years.
HOW TO EMPLOY TEACHERS.
During these Summer months the
tchool officers of country districts all
over the state will employ teachers to
take charge of their schools next Fall.
A word ' of suggestion to the men
placed In charge of local educational
affairs may not be inopportune,
though advice unasked is likely to be
ungratefully received, disregarded
and perhaps resented. In the first
place, let it be remembered that no
ordinary saving In salary can Justify
the employment of an Incompetent
teacher. Of course the financial re
sources of a district are limited and
In some instances the money available
will not pay the salary a good teacher
should receive. In such cases the
board must do the best it can with the
money, but where money can be
raised and the employment of a capa
ble teacher is possible by the expendi
ture of a few more dollars a month,
the results secured will amply justify
the additional expense.
Again, personal considerations
should be disregarded. The plansof
employing a daughter or son of one of
the directors or of one of the promi
nent men of the district Is a danger
ous one, even If competency is un
questioned. Such an arrangement too
frequently leads to local Jealousies
and controversies which Impair the
efficiency of a school for many years.
Aside from that, however, it Is always
better for a small rural district to em
ploy an outside teacher. A girl who
has grown up in the community has
acquired little general Information
that is. not common to all the young
people of the district. She has met
the same people, read tha same booksl
heard the same debates and lectures
and led the same life. Her educa
tional attainments may be of the best,
but she is unable to give the young
people under her charge the benefit of
personal experience In the outside
world. Far better is It to employ a
teacher from a distance, who brings
with her a fund of Interesting infor
mation not learned from books and
worth while for the young people of
the district to learn. Portland cannot
find better teachers, educational qual
ifications being equal, than those who
come from the cities of Eastern Ore
gon, Southern Oregon, or from across
the Rockies. The rural districts will
do well .to send to the cities for their
teachers.being careful, of course, to
secure 'young men or women of good
character and education.
"Keeping the money in the district"
Is often the. defense offered for the
employment of a girl who has Just
completed the eighth grade. But
there would be less of this if school
directors and patrons realized that
this practice means keeping out of
the district much Interesting and val
uable information that would be
brought by a teacher from abroad.
Let the good of the pupils be first
considered, and dollars and personal
ambitions be cared for after.
George Gould has apparently lost
control of the vast railroad system
which bears the family name. Mis
management and bad Judgment, aided
by the light business that has followed
the panic of last Fall, have apparently
dethroned the only one of our promi
nent railroad kings who inherited his
crown and scepter. But even hard
times and a few costly mistakes would
not have deprived Gould of the man
agement of his roads had it not been
for the disgraceful conduct of his sis
ter Anna and the prodigal expendi
tures of his brothers. The amount
that has been squandered by the
worthless members of the family
would have been sufficient to toke up
the indebtedness of the road on which
control of the system hinged. George
Gould has always led the life of an
henest, hard-working American, and
in his misfortune excites regret; but
the incident strikingly illustrates the
evanescent nature of some of the great
fortunes that were unduly "swollen"
by the unlawful practices of their
founders. A single generation will
practically finish the once colossal
Gould fortune.
A Chicago dispatch announces that
Government special agents are again
at work collecting evidence to be used
in the prosecution of the Harriman
roads for stifling competition by
means of parallel roads in the West.
This case has been dragging so long
that it would be interesting to know
whether the Government has any sin
cere Intention of doing anything' with
it. Parallel roads and merged roads
under the same management have
been in operation out of New Tork for
the past quarter of a century, and If
the Government Is sincere in its ef
forts, it might be well for its offi
cials to take up the plain case of a
parallel, non-competing road, like the
New Tork Central, the Erie, or a
number of other big roads In the East.
If the prosecution could be made to
stick there, the prospects for landing
Mr. Harriman would be much im
proved, although the case of the West
ern roads Is by no means as flagrant
as that of the big lines operating out
of New Tork City.
Notwithstanding all the efforts to
guard against corporations that seek
to avoid public control, the new Okla
homa constitution seems to have
missed Its purpose. Among other
things the constitution provides that
no foreign corporation shall exercise
the right of eminent domain until It
has been domesticated by taking out
a state license. A branch of the
Standard Oil Company came into the
state, purchased land for pipelines
across the state, and then proceeded
to build its lines. The Attorney-General
sought to bring an injunction
suit, but the Governor objects, insist
ing that when a corporation buys the
land for its line It is not exercising the
right of eminent domain. The consti
tutional provision was evidently in
tended to apply to all public-service
corporations, but it doesn't, provided
they buy their right of way instead
of condemning it.
Work Is being rushed on the Hills
boro line of the Oregon Electric, and
grading will soon be started on the
extension of the Falls City road from
Dallas to Salem. Other lines will fol-.
low. The West Side of the Willam
ette Valley will not know itself two or
three years hence. The large grain
and hay farms will be cut up and
there will be three or four houses
where there Is one now. The small
sc-hoolhouses will be displaced by
larger one at shorter distances
apart. As a result ,of increasing pop
ulation, the wagon roads will be
greatly Improved. The whole Willam
ette Valley should nearly double in
population in the next five years. '
Mr. Bryan announces his intention
not to make a stump-speaking cam
paign, but to stay at home and write
signed articles which he thinks both
Republican and Democratic newspa
pers will print. Quite likely .the Re
publican papers will print as many
Bryan articles as the Democratic pa
pers print of Taft articles. They can
not be expected to'prlnt any more.
"W. L. Jones needs 4000 votes In
Yakima County at the primaries,"
says the Yakima Republic. A little
alarmed, eh? This is the same news
paper that ten days ago said that
there is '"nothing that looks like a
contest between Mr. Jones and Mr.
Ankeny." Then why does Mr. Jones
need votes?
It Is reported that a Los Angeles
man found four gold nuggets worth
J 500 while he was digging a cesspool.
Instead of going quietly ahead with
his work and finding more nuggets, he
rushed oft to tell the news. Looks as
though he is either a fool or has city
lots to sell in that vicinity.
Soothe "non-partisans" are going to
notify Bryan of his nomination by the
Democrats? But through some
strange oversight the name of our own
non-partisan George is omitted from
the programme.
Oh. of course, anarchy doesn't mean
anarchy. Every anarchist In the
world with a bomb concealed on his
person will deny that he Intends vio
lence. The burnt district Is getting pretty
badly burned of late. The elements
are evidently trying to help Dr.
Brougher in his scattering policy.
A few thousand miles of transconti
nental railroad is a wonderful help in
an international automobile tour.
Sometimes a man thinks his mind
has developed when it ia only a case
of swelled head.
FREE WOOL AND THE DEMOCRATS
Can the Sheepmen Afford to Invite
. New Dlaastert
Boston Commercial Bulletin, a. leading
. wool ' journal.
Ever since the days when Mills of
Texas announced himself as the Moses
of tariff reform, it is solemnly an
nounced, at Intervals of four years,
that the Democratic party Is after all
the best friend of the woolgrower,
that the woolgrower is cheated out of
his share of protection by the combina
tion of wicked Eastern woolbuyers
who keep prices below their natural
level and that if only a Democratic
President and Congress are elected the
woolgrower will enter the promised
land of milk and honey.
This year it comes in the shape of a
dispatch from Falrview, Neb., of July
20. Frank S. Monnet, whoever he may
be, speaking for Ohio and the outly
ing districts of the United States,
proudly announces that Mr. Bryan, if
elected, will crush the wicked combi
nation of Eastern woolbuyers who are
keeping down the price of wool and
who Wive "destroyed as far as the pro
ducers are concerned the entire benefit
supposed to Inure from the protection
of wool." ..
The names change, but this .joyous
"shorter and uglier word" in regard to
the tariff and wool has been spoken In
every Presidential campaign by some
free-trade figurehead ever since 18S8.
In 1892 the woolgrowers believed it
and by the help of the Western wool
growing States Mr. Cleveland was
elected President. For four unhappy
years the wool producers learned that
Democracy means free wool, acute ag
ricultural depression, bankruptcy and
the destruction of flocks. There were
and are certain very large mills, who,
by buying largely buy somewhat less
expensively, but there Is genuine act
ive competition In the buying of wool
between wool dealers as well as be
tween mills, and. as a matter of fact,
no class of citizens have been more
favored by protective tariff legislation
or received greater benefits therefrom
than the woolgrowers of this country.
On January 1, 1893, Just before the
Inauguration of the last Democratic
President and Democratic Congress,
there were 47,273.553 sheep in the Uni
ted States. On January 1, 1897, at the
close of that administration, there
were but 36,818,643. This was the di
rect result of Democratic wool legis
lation. The United States has not even
yet entirely recovered from the whole
sale massacre of sheep which, under
the same control which it is now
sought to re-establish, did not pay, for
their keep. The worst sufferer of all,
with dramatic Justice, was Texas, the
state of Mr. Mills. Texas, once a lead
er, is now scarcely a factor in the wool
clip of America.
Mr. Monnet, of Ohio, will doubtless
waft aside as unworthy of a philoso
pher's attention such materialistic mat
ters as market quotations. More sordid
souls may be Interested to learn that
Ohio washed XX fleece was selling at
27c a pound in Boston on January 1.
1893, Just before the wool policy now
indorsed by the gentleman in question
was actually tried. On January 1, 1897.
under the Wilson TarlfT, the price had
been rammed down to 19c. It sells to
day under the Dingley tariff and Repub
lican conditions at 32 cents.
e e
So far from proving a benefit to grow
ers the advice of Mr. Monnet when fol
lowed in 1892 brought about the lowest
American wool values ever known in
the history of the trade. The lowest
prices ever touched were In the last
week In August, 1896. In the following
week, when the overwhelming victory in
Vermont made it evident that Mr. Bryan
was to be defeated by Mr. McKinley,
wool began to rise and It never again has
gone to the depths It reached In those
dark Summer days of 1896, when It ap
peared probable for a time that Mr.
Bryan might be elected President.
Here are specimen - prices in cents a
pound of that day and of today:
August, July,
lixia. KRIS.
Ohio XX washed $ .17 .82
Kentucky H -blood, unwashed. .15 .25
Territory best fine staple, clean .80 .00
No man has fared better under Re
publican control than the Western wool
grower. ' The Eastern manufacturer,
though In less degree, also suffered from
the utterly unscientific Wilson tariff.
He had his free wool, but that was of
little advantage to him under a tariff
that admitted foreign goods to such an
enormous extent that American goods
failed to find a market at any price. It
was a reign of adulterated fabrics. Flock,
shoddy and wool substitutes were Import
ed as never before or since. From the
sheepherder to the clothing salesman, the
entire industry was prostrated.
see
Sheep are carefully bred .to raise a
certain kind of wool. "The finer the wool
the poorer the mutton," is almost an
axiom. Cattle are not raised for hides,
which are a mere by-product, not the
center of an Industry and no more en
titled to protection than horns, hoofs,
bones or other by-products Wool Is
logically entitled to protection, hides
are not
The Eastern manufacturer can, at bit
ter cost, unquestionably survive another
dose of the Democratic wool policy, but
to the Western woolgrower, Bryan and
Monnet and free wool spell litter ruin.
Woman Chokea Mad Dos;,
Memphis (Tenn.) Dispatch.
In a desperate fight which lasted 10
minutes, Mrs. Mary E. Forrester choked
to death a powerful mad dog, which had
attacked her.
The dog, a 60-pound shepherd, standing
two feet high, the pet of the neighbor
hood, attacked Mrs. Forrester, who hard
ly weighs 100 pounds, after he had bitten
Miss Mamie Ditto, a neighbor.
Mrs. Forrester turned upon the dog as
he seized the hem of her skirt, and
grasping him, by a dexterous feint, under
the head, closed her fingers about his
neck and began to grip.
All over the porch the woman and dog
fought, the dog several times nearly pull
ing his captor from the porch. Feebler
and feebler became the canine's strength
as the fight progressed, until finally the
maddened brute collapsed and fell to the
porch dead.
Blackbirds Object to the Gay Hat.
Altoona (Pa.) Correspondent Philadelphia
Record.
While walking in the suburban districts
with a friend Miss Nettie Williams, of
Pittsburg, was the object of an unusual
attack. She wore a hat with a bird of
brilliant plumage as an ornament. Sud
denly her head became encircled by half
a dozen blackbirds, which pecked at the
bird in her hat. tearing out the bright
colored feathers 'with their beaks. The
blackbirds even flew in her face and
lacerated the skin with their bills. Tear
ing the hat from her head, Mies Williams
threw It on the ground. Her escort was
obliged to use his coat to beat the birds
off.
LOCAL ANARCHISTS' SAYINGS.
Lawless Doctrine Disseminated by
Portland Publication.
From "Impressions." the regular editorial
department of the Pacific Monthly:
Back of every unearned dollar lies a
law.
This power called government is. the
destroyer of equality, of opportunity,
and the originator of plutocracy and
poverty. ,
e
The anarchist's conception of society
Is based on peace, good will and the
golden rule.
The anarchist creed of freedom is that
every man has a right to regulate his
own affairs in every way. so long as he
does so peaceably, and recognizes a like
right In others, but he who uses force to
invade the rights of others may be re
strained by force.
Possibly some misguided individual, in
sane over what he regards as the In
justice of government, may be guilty of
assassination and call himself an anarch
ist. But more likely this will be news
paper designation. I know of no gen
uine anarchists who have advocated or
attempted assassination.
e
Very great in the eye of heaven are the
dreamers of dreams. One of these is
Emma Goldman, a Russian Jewess, who
has - seen the wretched of the earth,
trampled under hoof and bleeding, kiss
the hands of their masters, begging the
right to work to earn a crust.
e
Emma Goldman has never advocated
an act of violence.
How Bernard Shaw would laugh that
the Y. M. C. A. of Portland and the
Arion - Society refused her their halls
under the belief that she is a murderess.
I hope he will hear of it and give
one more sarcastic Illumination of our in
sular American ignorance our provin
cialism. e
I heard lawyers say. "She is a damned
anarchist and ought to be hung." with
out trial. I suppose. Nice lawyers. They
only exposed their ignorance this de
testable, bourgeois Ignorance of anything
but money.
e e
I have called It comedy, but the colos
sal American Ignorance and gullibility
Is too tiresome to be comic.
From the Century Dictionary's definition
of anarchist:
Anarchist. 1. Properly, one who ad
vocates anarchy or the absence of gov
ernment as a political ideal; a. believer
in an anarchic theory of society; es
pecially, an adherent of the social theory
of Proudhon. 2. In popular use, one
who seeks to overturn by violence all
constituted form's and Institutions of so
ciety and government, all law and or
der, and all rights of property, with no
purpose of establishing any other sys
tem of order in the place of that de
stroyed; especially, such a person when
actuated by mere lust of plunder. 3.
Any person who promotes disorder or
excites revolt against established rule,
law or custom.
SANE SAVINGS BANK INSURANCE
In Massachusetts, Depositor Gets at 65
Ytara, CI OO Annuity Tllr Death.
New York Times.
The reckless experiment in state so
cialism and old-age pensions now In
process of adoption in England gives
special interest to another and much
saner experiment under trial in Massa
chusetts, largely as the result of the
advocacy of Louis D. Brandels. who de
scribes it in a recent number of the
independent. In substance it consists
in authorizing the savings banks to
issue policies of Insurance and of old
age annuities, under the Inspection and
guidanco of the state Insurance depart
ment. The Investment of the funds is. of
course." confined to a list fixed by law.
No profit accrues to the managers, and
all returns beyond necessary expenses
go to the insured. The annuities are
limited to $230, the life Insurance to
$500, in the case of any one bank,
though the same individual can Insure
in different banks. No solicitors or
collectors are employed. All expert
work Is done by the state actuary. The
state medical director regulates and
supervises the physical examinations.
Blanks and books are furnished by the
state. The table given by Mr. Brandels
shows what insurance and annuities
will, cost at various ages. A depositor
In the bank aged 25 for a payment of
$1.30 a month, or $15.60 a year, carries
life insurance for $500, and at the age
of 65. after 40 years, during which he
has paid in $624. has an annuity for
the remainder of his life of $100 a
year.
The savings banks of Massachusetts
are strong, well-managed, entirely
trust concerns. Last year their earn
ings were 4.73 per cent on deposits, and
the total expense of management was
but one-quarter of one per cent. There
Is no doubt that they can carry on the
business of insurance in the manner
provided by the new law with perfect
Safety and with the greatest possible
advantage to the Insured. Such ad
vantage, It will be seen, is in no sense
demoralizing or pauperizing, but the
exact contrary. The direct Influence
of the system must he to encourage
and reward thrift and reasonable pru
dence, and. most important of all, to
preserve and strengthen manly self-reliance,
the very root of energy and
character In a community.
SAVE HORSES FROM BURNING BARN
Recommend Hnrnflne Animals
Think They Are Going: to Work.
PORTLAND. July 31. (To the Edi
tor.) Referring to the late fires in
stables and the lamentable burning of
horses, I heard from a young man who is
now running the elevator In the Sherlock
building that horses can always be got
out of a burning barn If you can throw
harness over them. I am no horseman,
and had never heard of this before, but
this youngster says he had had to do it.
and he Is used to horses. In one -or two
instances people have got Into barns
and thrown harness over the backs of
horses (not necessarily buckling) and the
man's Idea is that the horse thinks he
is going out to work, and will go quiet
ly, whereas. In case of a fire nearby,
the horse will not come out, or If he does,
will run back.
I asked the young man referred to
why he did not publish this, and he
replied that he was not known. It
might not make any difference, but I am
taking it up. I believe this suggestion
is important enough for people to know,
so that horses may be saved If there is
any chance to do it. In case of fire,
horses seem to be so absolutely stupid
and to lose So much faith in "their
man." as Kipling says, that any Way of
helping them Is worthy of trying, and
should be made known.
GEORGE TAYLOR.
One Saloon's Unhappy Record.
Kansas City Journal.
The saloon at 8 East Fourth street,
conducted by Jack Gallagher, until the
County Court put him out of business,
has a record of its own. Three successive
proprietors were adjudged insane.
The first owner was "Wizard" Smith,
and he spent a long time in the asylum.
He died soon after his release. Joe Hon
ker succeeded him, and he, in course of
time, became a maniac and was sent to
the asylum at St. Joeseph, where he died.
Then another man by the name of Smith
got possession of the place, and he, too,
became an Inmate of the St. Joseph In
stitution. He was cured and released.
NEW YORK STREETS SHAMBLES
Statistics Show That 1030 People Are
Killed There Every Year.
New York dispatch to Chicago Record
Herald. It used to be the custom when anyone
was about to start on a railroad Journey
for prayers to be offered for his safe re
turn. In the prayer-book now Is a prayer
for those who go to sea In ships. What
the New Yorker needs is prayers for his
safety when he goes from his home to
his office. 1
Statistics cold, hard Coroner's office
figures show that the most dangerous
place in New York is the street; that
nearly half the people who meet violent
deaths are killed in the street and that It
is the pedestrian who Is in the most
danger.
President S. C. Dunham, of the Travel
ers' Insurance Company, has presented
figures, compiled by actuaries from the
official records of deaths by violence,
to show that a man in New York City
Is In far greater danger of being killed
when he is quietly walking along the
street than he would be anywhere else.
The following table . shows the per
centage of fatalities to persons, irre
spective of their employment:
On the streets to pedestrians 24 14
At home (Indoors) J'?2
On horses or In vehicles JM2
At home (outside)
Recreation
Railroad travel
Bicycle and motorcycle accidents...... en
Streetcar travel -..
I'se of firearms
Animal bites
Assaults
Drownlnss '
Miscellaneous - UJ
Total 100 00
An Investigation bears out these figures.
In the boroughs of Manhattan and tha
Bronx, in the year ending July 15. 190S.
2399 persons met violent deaths, and ot
this number 65 rrtet their deaths in
traffic accidents. Six hundred and sixty
three are attributed to accidental falls,
which means anything from tumbling
from a skyscraper roof to tripping on
a curb and dying from a fractured skull.
A thousand and more persons are killed
in the streets of New York every year
more than both sides lost in the battle of
Bull Run, the killed in that famous con
flict being: 1'nion side, killed 470; Con
federates. 367.
Automobiles alone kill two and one
half times as many people as the entire .
American NaVy lost in the Spanish war,
the score being: Automobiles, 44; killed
in Navy, 17.
There are 10:10 New Yorkers killed in
the streets every year.
London, with a. population of 7.000.000,
had fewer deaths from violence during
the year than New York, with a popu
lation of 4. BOO. 000. London streetcars
are not so numerous, so speedy or ap
parently so dangerous. Only five persons
were killed by electric cars, by horse
cars six. omnibuses 27. wagons, 112 and
carts and cabs 31. a total of 1S1.
In New York City the surface lines,
which Include electric cars, horsecars
and omnibuses, killed 151. Other vehicles,
including wagons, carts, cabs and auto
mobiles, killed 160. This list must also
be credited with 22 subway fatalities, 18
on the elevated roads and 19 . on the
tracks of the New York Central Rail
road within the city limits, swelling the
grand total of deaths due to vehicles
and street traffic to S67. or twice as
many deaths as there were in London
streets during the same period.
The high rate of street fatalities In
New York has two basic causes. The
shape of Manhattan Island congests busi
ness between the two rivers and also
congests foot travel and means of trans
sportation. Coupled with this is the
great American desire to "get there."
which constantly demands and constanly
is creating much faster and still fas'or
means of travel.
New York cars, surface, subway and
elevated, go faster than those of Lon
don and Paris. New York people walk
faster and hurry across Htreets where
the Londoner would wait and look about
him.
The "400 to Leave West In the Cold.
Kansas City Star.
The "400 of New York" is about to give
way to the "1000 of America."
The fashionable circles of the big cities
of this country are no longer to he
known as "New York society." "Phila
delphia society," "Boston society" and
the like.
Tentatively, the distribution of mem
bership In the "National assembly" will
be about as follows:
New York. 600: Philadelphia, 100; Bos
ton, 75; other cities, 200.
While rank and birth are to be placed
above wealth In the new assembly, ac
cording to its promoters, money must
play some part.
8o It is said the financial qualifications
will be a yearly income of $30,000, not do
rived from trade.
The West is to be left entirely out of
the distribution of membership. Balti
more. Washington. Richmond, New Or
leans and other old Southern cities are
to be Included, and Kentucky and Us ad
joining states will be permitted to con
tribute small numbers of their elite.
Pittsburg, however, is to bo barred In
spite of its many millions, and as for
Chicago and places farther west they
are to be as though they wore unpopu
lated. "Next to America's Largest City."
Kansas City Journal.
Yonkers delegates to the recent Elks'
grand lodge meeting took with them to
Dallas. Tex., a supply of badges made
after a . design by ex-Assemblyman
Oeorge N. Klgby. past exalted ruler of
Yonkers lodge and a delegate to the
National gathering. Of course, the
badges have the traditional clork face
with the hands pointing to 11 the
hour for the toast to the "absent
brothers." The novelty of the emblems
lies In the engraved line, "Next to the
Largest City in America." Yonkers
really has only 76.000 population, but
its boast is well founded, for geograph
ically it is next to the largest city in
the country.
- Rata Turn White and Die.
Greenshurg (Pa ) Dispatch.
Rats in Cook Township are being killed
off by a strange disease, commonly
termed the white plague. A few days
ago Joseph Harvln, a farmer of near
Weavers Mills, found several rodents
dead in his barn. Their hatr had turned
white and had fallen off. C. E. Corts.
another farmer of the same vicinity, to
day said that rats on his farm had been
killed probably by the same disease.
The Wood Call.
Isabel S. Mason, in Llpplneott's.
Oh, I've been away In the woods for a day,
With the scent of the grape-bloom, bewildering-,
sweet;
And the sun through the trees dripped Its
gold in the breeze.
Lacing over the moss tor my world-weary
feet.
The high-hole's sweet note from his golden
strung throa.
Splashed and rippled the Jewels all liquid
along; '
He answered the tone of my heart from his
own,
A allver baptism of benlson song.
There Beauty unfurled the delights of her
world ;
Like a banner soft floating it gleamed on
my eyes.
From Claytonla that lay like pink stars o'er
my way.
To the azure that blossomed the ambient
skies.
Oh, I've been away in the woods all the
day;
I have eaten the lotus of dreams, and I
know
That the wild note that blew where the
grape-blossom grew
Was the mystical pipe from which Pan
used to blow.