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THE MORXIXG OREGOXIAN, MONDAY, JULY 20, 190S.
Entered at Portland, Oregon. Postoncs ai
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PORTLAND, MONDAY, Jl'LY 20, 1808.
SECOND CHOICE VOTING.
. At the election in June the people
of this state' adopted a constitutional
amendment which was and is com
monly called a proportional repre
sentation amendment. If asked what
the purpose of this amendment is,
die ordinary voter would say that It
is designed to give minority parties
representation in proportion to the
number of voters. But the amend
ment contains other provisions, of
which we shall perhaps learn much
as, time passes. The first part of the
amendment provides for proportional
representation. The amendment also
says that "provision may be made by
law for the voter's direct or indirect
expression of his first, second or ad
ditional choices among candidates for
any office. For an office which is
filled by the election of one person,
it may -be required by law that the
person elected shall be the final choice
of a majority of the electors voting
fcr the candidates for that office.
These principles may be applied by
law to nominations by political par
ties and organizations."
This provision for an expression, of
second choice is now in effect in the
direct-primary law in the State of
Washington, and in September we
shall see a practical demonstration of
how it works. The purpose of this
portion of the amendment, and of a
law which may be enacted under the
amendment, is to prevent the nomi
nation of persons who are the choice
of a small minority of the voters.
Such a system of voting would have
made a great difference in the result
of the nomination for Senator in this
state in 1906. In the primary con
test in that year there were five can
didates, Mr. Bourne winning over Mr.
Cake by a few votes. As everyone
knows, it was a Bourne and anti
Bourne fight. Mr. Bourne had a cer
tain definite support, but the oppo
sition to him was divided among four
candidates. As a resut, Bourne re
ceived more votes than any one of his
opponents. He was the first choice
of those who voted for him, but he
was not the second choice of any con
siderable number of voters. Those
who wanted him nominated, voted for
him; those who did not want him
scattered their votes and wasted them.
Under a plan which permitted the
expression of a second choice, Mr.
Cake would have received many second-choice
votes from the supporters
of Lowell, Smith and Watson, while
Mr. Bourne wtuld have received very
few. The vote at the primary elec
tion stood thus;
Bourne 12.877
Cake 12.2.".2
Lowell T.liRS
Smith 6.SS3
Watson 4.241
Total 42.S08
Mr. Bourne was nominated by about
30 per cent of the Republicans of the
slate. It was a fight with Bourne
against the field, and the field votes
would have been distributed among
the field candidates for second choice,
and would not have been given to
Bourne. Cake, presumably, would
have had the larger number, but in
Eastern Oregon both Smith and Low
ell would have been the second choice
of large numbers of the voters who
made Bourne or Cake first choice.
There was no particular objection to
these candidates, or to Watson, so
that they and Mr. Cake could reason
ably expect to receive second -choice
votes from all sources. Mr. Bourne
could not expect to get any consid
erable number of second-choice votes,
for those who did not vote for him
were against him. It is quite possi
ble that if second-choice votes had
been added to first-choice votes, Smith
and Lowell, as well as Cake, would
have had more votes than Bourne,
for. where a second choice is permit
ted at all, it is made compulsory.
This is necessary in order to make
the system effective. The Bourne sup
porters would have had to distribute
their second-choice votes somewhere
in the field. Under the second-choice
system a ballot upon which no sec
ond choice is marked cannot be count
ed at all.
These figures and circumstances are
set forth as an example of how the
second-choice plan of voting might
and probably would work. Whether
1. is a desirable plan or not remains
for experience to determine. It is
designed to permit voters not only to
express themselves In favor of certain
candidates, but, to some extent,
against certain others. It increases
the chances of defeating a candidate
who may be particularly "objection
able. Under the Washington law, a
candidate must receive 40 per cent of
the votes in order to be nominated
by the first-choice votes. If no can
didate receives 40 per cent, the second-choice
votes are added to the
first, and a comparison again made,
and the person receiving the highest
number of votes Is declared the nom
inee. The Oregon amendment per
mits enactment of a law which will
provide for a third choice as well as
a second, and permits a requirement
that the successful candidate shall be
the choice of over 50 per cent of the
voters. The amendment does not re
quire that such a law shall be en
acted, but it permits it to be placed
upon the statute books.
Public officials occupy positions of
special trust and have opportunities
to cover up their delinquencies. For
that reason laws against conversion of
public funds should be drawn so as to
provide special precautions against
theft. Among other things, the stat
ute of limitations should provide a
longer time 'within which embezzle
ment of public funds may be prose
cuted. A public officer keeps a pub
lic record. His records should be a
perpetual evidence in his own behalf.
He cannot complain, therefore. If ten
years, instead of three years, be fixed
as the time within wnich he may be
prosecuted for embezzlement. The
public official who wants to be safe
against prosecution has only to be
honest and make an honest record of
his transactions.
REPEAL INSURANCE DEPOSIT LAW!
Demand for the repeal of the in
surance deposit law would have much
force if it could be shown that such
repeal would bring about a reduction
of insurance rates without subjecting
Insurers to the danger of loss through
irresponsible insurance companies.
There Is no room for doubt that Ore
gon property-owners are now paying
too much for their Insurance. Relief
should be had. It does not appear,
however, that the deposit law pro
tects a combination which would not
exist but for that law. Nor does it
appear, that repeal of the law would
result in a lowering of rates. At the
same time, the subject is one that is
worthy ot careful investigation with
a view to such legislative action as
may be advisable in order to secure
for the people of the state reason
able insurance rates.
It would be interesting and per
haps profitable to know whether Pa
cific Coast States having no deposit
law have more favorable Insurance
rates than has Oregon. If they have,
this fact would be an argument In
favor of repeal of the deposit law.
But It would be necessary to know,
also, whether the people of those other
states suffer losses which they cannot
collect because of the irresponsibility
of the companies from which they re
ceive policies.
The Ostensible purpose of the de
posit law was to guarantee to every
policyholder the payment of any le
gitimate claim he may have against
any company doing business in this
state. The deposit law places within
the reach of the policyholder prop
erty of the insurance company upon
which he can levy execution if his
claim be not paid. Repeal of the de
posit law would remove this security.
We should like to know whether pol
icyholders in other states have any
difficulty In collecting the amount of
losses they sustain. The whole sub
ject Is one that should be given an
impartial investigation in which both
the advocates and the opponents of
the deposit law would have opportu
nity to make a showing of facts. Ow
ing to the Importance of the subject,
the people and the Legislature can
reasonably expect the Governor or
the Insurance Commissioner to pre
sent tp the next Legislature a com
plete statement of facts and wall
considered recommendations which
will enable that body to act advisedly
in an effort to secure for the people
lower insurance rates.
RAILROADS HERE AND ABROAD.
President' Hill again repeats the
oft-heard excuse for advancing freight
rates that freight rates in this coun
try are much lower than in Europe.
Like others who have advanced the
same argument, he omits to men
tion other points of difference which
go far to invalidate the excuse.
The European railroads were built
in a country already densely popu
lated, where almost all the land hack
passed into private ownership and
had a high value. Charters for rail
roads were only granted subject to
strict regulations defining the route
and requiring liberal payment for
right of way. It cost enormous sums
to obtain these charters, for in Eng
land Parliament only passed them
after exhaustive inquiry before spe
cial committees conducted by the
highest-paid lawyers in the country.
It cost 750,000 to obtain the right
for the Manchester Ship Canal even
to begin buying right of way.
Almost from the first, European
railroads had double tracks and were
of the most solid construction. The
companies were compelled to provide
crossings above or below their tracks
for highways, by means of stone
bridges. No tracks are allowed on
streets or public roads. All tracks
are fenced and in cities have stone
or brick retaining walls or tunnels
for miles. Their terminals in the cit
ies had to be bought at the market
price, and are of the most solid con
struction. On the other hand, so eager were
the American people to secure rail
roads that they gave right of way
with a lavish hand, and accompanied
it by gifts of bonds from city, county,
state and Nation, to pay part of the
cost of construction. The Western
railroads were also aided by immense
land grants from the Government.
They were allowed to run trains on
city streets, to cross streets and roads
at grade, and were not required to
fence their tracks for many years
after the roads were built.
True, Mr. Hill's Pacific extension
was built without a land grant, but
the way had been blazed for him by
the Northern Pacific. But Congress
allowed him to select land of any
kind anywhere along his lines in lieu
of land awarded to settlers in the Red
River Valley. He wisely selected a
large tract of iron land In Minnesota
and Wisconsin, and some of the best
timber land in the West. . When he
leased the iron land to the steel trust,
he cut the juiciest melon for his stock
holders that any railroad ever cut.
European railroads have no melons.
Rates on American railroads ought
not to be as Aigh as in Europe, be
cause the American railroads did not
cost the companies nearly as muchr
The people should not be required to
pay dividends on their own contribu
tions to the construction of the roads.
The interest on that part of the in
vestment ought to. remain in the pock
ets of the shippers and the traveling
public. . -
Another radical difference between
American and European railroads
which must be taken Into considera
tion concerns the volume of traffic.
While the density of population Is
much less in America than in Europe,
the volume of traffic per capita Is
much greater. The American people
are a nation of travelers. A New
York business man thinks no more
of a 1000-mile trip to Chicago than
a Liverpool business man thinks of a
forty-mile trip to Manchester or a
Londoner of a 100-mile trip to Bir
mingham. Further. Americans of the
poorest class travel, while the poor
est Europeans are too poor to travel
except rarely, and within a very cir
cumscribed area. The higher general
standard of comfort in America also
produces a much larger movement of
freight traffic per capita.
American, railroads have been al
lowed to do as they pleased regard
ing safety of life and limb until re
cent years, while European roads
have been required to make this a
first consideration and to install the
most costly devices for the purpose as
fast as such devices were Invented.
It has been possible for American
railroads to carry freight at a profit
at lower rates than prevail in Europe,
partly because of their superior en
terprise. In Europe freight cars are
little' larger than an ordinary farm
wagon, while in America ars have
attained a capacity of 100,000 pounds.
The saving In dead weight is enor
mous. In -many other respects they
have shown superior enterprise, for
which they are entitled to full credit.
But do not ask the people to pay in
terest on their own "free gifts.
Finally, where did Mr. Hill get his
authority for the statement that
American freight rates are lower than
European?
HASTENING THE CRISIS.
The Council of the Empire, as the
"upper house" in Russia is known,
was on Saturday adjourned by ukase
until October 8, the closing scenes
being enlivened by an onslaught from
Count Witte directed against the Dep
uties for their unseemly haste In de
manding an increase In salaries. This
increase was provided for In a bill
which came up to the Council from
the Douma. which closed its sessions
a week earlier. It may have been
only the natural resentment which a
man like Witte would feel towards
such a bunch of grafters as shape the
policies and pass the laws for Russia
that caused him to rebuke the Depu
ties, but it is probable that it was
more of an outburst of indignation at
the failure of the Douma to display
interest in any legislation aside from
the budget.
The Douma has been in session
since last November. Its only Impor
tant act has been sanction of a plan
fcr raising a revenue of $1,250,000,
000, a portion of which will of course
be added to the salaries of the Depu
ties who passed the bill. As to dis
posal of the remainder of this vast
sum, there Is nothing In the past per
formances of Russian aristocracy that
.would indicate that the money will
not be expended. The disappointing
action of the Third Douma would In
dicate that whatever hope there might
have been of reform through this
slight semblance of constitutional gov
ernment has been dissipated, and that
the Liberal party is, to all intents
and purposes, as voiceless and help
less as it was before the First Douma
appeared.
The real measures of reform of
which Russia stands most In need
were not even considered by tho Dou
ma, which probably took warning
from the fate of Its predecessors. But
one result can follow this failure - of
the overlords of Russia to grant any
of the demands of the Liberals, and
that will be an increased amount of
bloodshed, assassination, fire and pil
lage. That the Czar and the men be
hind the throne do not realize the
fate they are inviting, or at least that
they have great contempt for the Lib
erals, is shown by recent wholesale
pardons of the murderers who were
cf.nvlcted of direct participation In
the massacres and robberies of the
Jews at Nikolaief, Shimkof. . Kishi
neft and a number of other places.
These murderers and they must
have been caught red-handed In or
der to be convicted in .a land where
the feeling against the Jews runs so
high would in any civilized country
have been punished by death or life
imprisonment, but in Russia a few
months in Jail are deemed sufficient
for a "make-believe" punishment, and
they are again free to murder others.
Tolstoi makes a terrible arraign
ment of Russian policy, and Witte and
other far-seeing statesmen not direct
ly connected with the Liberal party
protest In vain against the Injustice
that Is heaped on the people. But
neither, the invective .of Tolstoi nor
the reproofs of Witte are hastening
the day of reckoning as it Is being
hastened by the tyrannical despots
who today are plundering and mur
dering the best people in Russia.
THE ANNUAL WASTE.
It is, of course, only a coincidence,
brought about by carelessness, that
the first season following the White
House conference of Governors to
consider the conservation of our nat
ural resources should be attended by
greater loss than usual from forest
fires. In Oregon the belated arrival
of hot, dry weather has prevented the
landscape from becoming smudged
over with smoke from forest fires to
as great an extent as has been the
case in some former seasons; but
there has been considerable loss in
Washington; and in the forest sec
tions of New England, where forests
are scarce indeed in comparison with
conditions In the "West, the loss this
season Is already placed at $1,000,000
and a number of people have been
seriously Injured in fighting the fires.
In New England many of these for
est conflagrations are caused by light
ning, an element with which we are
not obliged to cope in Oregon, but in
New England, as in the Pacific North
west, the greater part of the damage
is the result of carelessness on the
part of hunters, timber cruisers. In
experienced woodsmen or settlers, who
become reckless In burning "slash
ings." There has been much com
plaint over the manner in which the
great corporations have secured such
immense areas of timber In the Pa
cific forests, but in favor of these cor
porations it must be said that they ex
ercise much more care in protecting
their holdings from fire than is shown
by smaller holders or by the Govern
eminent, with Its limited number of
"rangers."
It is one of the characteristics of
the great American people to fall to
lock the stable door until after the
horse is stolen. We shall probably
fail to get around to an adequate sys
tem of forest protection until all of
our standing timber ts destroyed. The
model system of forest protection in
use In Germany and other foreign
countries is often mentioned as worthy
of imitation in this country. It is un
questionably a good one, but its ap
plication is vastly easier In Germany
than it would be in this country. The
wasteful American who finds the tim
ber burned "off one quartern-section,
moves on to the next one, and, when
the fire destroys that, there are still
plenty of others. ,
In Germany, and a number of other
European countries destruction of a
forest would necessitate importation
of timber to the amount destroyed,
as demand has long ago overtaken
supply in that country. Just as It will
do in the United States a few years
hence. The treeless age Is being has
tened in this country because our
theoriesi on forest protection far out
class our praotice.
A dozen years hence, when all the
cherry orchards now young have come
into full bearing, it will require as
many men, women and children to
harvest the cherry crop as are now
required to gather the hop crop. Mul
tiplication of canneries and increasing
acreage of fruits of all kinds will
make the Willamette Valley a dis
tinctly fruitgrowing section, giving al
most steady employment, through the
Summer, to people who wish to help
in the fruit harvest. As soon as the
public schools close for the Surimer
vacation, the strawberry fields will
offer employment for all who want it.
When the strawberries have been
picked there will be work of gather
ing raspberries, blackberries, cherries
and loganberries. This fruit harvest
will last from the time schools close
until after the middle of July. For a
month there will be time for rest and
recreation, and then the hop and
prune harvests will begin. Apple
gathering will close the fruit harvest
in October.' Lucrative and healthful
employment will be assured all the
young people of the' Valley during the
Summer vacation. This, .in itself,
should be a strong inducement for
people of the one-crop states to look
favorably upon Oregon as a place in
which to make a home.
The swift flights of the big Cunard
er Lusitania were watched with in
tense interest last Fall, when she car
ried in her treasure boxes vast sums
in gold to be used in quieting the
panic in this country. Now the fleet
liner again comes into the public eye
with the- fate of a nation hinging on
her safe arrival as per schedule. The
treasure which is so eagerly awaited
on the Lusitania's present trip is Mr.
William Randolph Hearst, proprietor'
of the Independence party, which Is
to hold its convention in Chicago on
the morning of July 27. The usual
schedule from Liverpool to Chicago
would give Mr. Hearst about 48 hours'
leeway. If the Lusitania, going at
full speed, should meet an iceberg or
drop a propeller, she might use up
that 48 hours on the voyage, and Pres
ident Hearst would be too late to save
the country. The sorrow resultant
from vsuch a disaster could be miti
gated If the "wireless" remained in
tact, and Willie could send a few
waves of thought regarding Bryan and
hi3 "hotch-potch" .platform.
From the reports now coming to
hand, it would appear that Mr. Sam
uel Gompers had "overplayed his
hand" In pledging the united support
of union labor to Mr. Bryan. Mr.
Gompers seems to have mistaken him
self for the proprietor of "labor," in
stead of merely one of labor's hired
men, and it is quite natural that so
large a number of Intelligent labor
men should sharply resent any such
assumption of power on the -part of
the professional Jawsmith. It was an
insult to the labor people to have Mr.
Gompers pledging their votes to a
man whose theories and policies have
always been inimical to labor's inter
ests, but, even had they been anxious
for the election of Mr. Bryan, the
more sensible members of the labor
element would have cautioned silence
on the part of Gompers. They re
member what happened when Mr.
Gompers "fought" Littlefield down In
Maine. There is of course" a posslbil
ity that some of Mr. Taft's friends
have induced Gompers to announce
publicly that he was fighting Taft.
The bid of , the Willamette Iron
Works of this city for a fireboat for
the City of Seattle Is about $33,000
lower than the lowest bid submitted
by Puget Sound builders. There is
nothing unusual in this fact, for Port
land, builders have In the past sent a
large number of fine vessels to Puget
.Sound. The yards in this city have
within the past year turned out steany
beats for China, Siberia, Alaska and
South America, as well as fof a num
ber of local points outside of Portland.
The steamer Flyer, now running be
tween Seattle and Tacoma, is a Port
land-built craft, and in- the seventeen
years since she was built has steamed
more than 1,280,000 miles, a record
unequalled by any other craft In ex
istence. There are so many reasons
wjiy the Seattle fireboat should be
built at Portland that the enterpris
ing Portland firm will undoubtedly
get the contract.
"Kern of Kokomo." There's a bat
tie cry that ought to win votes. The
Vice-Presidential candidate was given
a reception at the city with the son
orous name on Saturday, at which
Republicans and Prohibitionists Joined
with the Democrats to do honor to the
man who had so suddenly made his
birthplace famous. "Kern of Koko
mo." Suppose that Terre "Ho," Loo
gootee, Nappanee or some other In
diana town had been selected by the
parents of the coming running mate
of Bryan as a birthplace for John W.;
what show would he have had for an
alliterative slogan?
There should be no trouble over
enactment of an ordinance prohibit
ing women from saloons. No woman
of the right sort wants to go into a
saloon.
Although both Taft and Bryan re
fuse the money of the corporations,
probably the corporations will find
somebody who wants it.
Since Senator Bourne has thought
Bryan will defeat Taft, one would
suppose he would first ask Bryan not
to dictate his successor.
It always was better to be poor on
your own money than flush on other
people's.
Strange that more doctors don't
"butt in" on the free advertising.
Does the same fate overtake all
who try to "handle" the labor vote?
Mr. Bryan's newspapers are rather
chameleon-hued themselves.
One of these days Fitzsimmons will
be a. "has-been" even in brawls.
As much Interest in the land-fraud
trials as In a thrice-told tale. .
LIRE m THE OREGON . COUNTRY 1
Dear, Dear! And In Paradise-, Too.
Paradise Cor. Wallowa Chieftain.
Several parties have left Paradise late
ly, leaving their debts. It is time such
people were dealt with according to law.
How Sam Rsy Was Paralysed.
Dallas Itemlzer.
By leaning against a wire fence during
Sunday morning's thunder storm. Sara
Ray got a shock that paralyzed him for
a time. .
Nothing Doing:.
Jefferson Review.
Democratic managers announce that
they will not accept a campaign contri
bution of over $10,000 from an individual.
In that case we won't give a cent.
Mr. Stereasoa's Good Intentions.
Condon Times.
J. G. Stevenson is not going to do with
out a housekeeper any longer. He left
on Monday for Portland, where he ex
pects to hire a lady to keep house. Per
haps when he gets her he may conclude
to keep her all the time.
Hard Lines for the Family Cow.
Moro Obserer.
The town-cow, that good old auxiliary
to the family support, is of all animals
the one most deserving of sympathy. An
nually, at this time of the year in this
country, she 18 left without a morsel of
green feed, and the Industry of her chase
after noxious weeds even is returned with
brutal kick or a club. God help the
family cow.
And She Has Eight Children.
Junction City Times.
A provoking error occurred last week
in our report of the baby show. Mrs.
Annie Winter, whose baby received sec
ond prize, was listed as "Miss." Great
care is exercised In reading proofs, but
ersors will happen once in awhile. Mrs.
Winter is the mother of eight children.
as is well known hereabouts.
Frank Myrlelt's Chicken.
Union Scout.
Frank Myrick says he has a fine
spring chicken and Invites the people
of Union to call in and see it. The
"chicken" is a three months old Ameri
can eagle. Mr. George Baxter of Cove
captured two of the birds from their nest
shortly after they were hatched and rais
ed them. One got away and he pre
sented thin one to Frank. It measures
six feet across its wings from tip to tip.
Care for Seasickness.
Pilot Rock Record.
To pick up your home paper in a
strange city produces a feeling akin to
seeing your nation's flag floating in a for
eign country. That we knew, but we did
not know that sight of the home paper
would cure sea sickness until last week.
A lady on board the steamer State of
California, on her trip from San Fran
cisco to Portland, was shown a copy of
The Pilot Rock Record, and the effect
was marvelous. The lady was on her
way to Pilot Rock to pay a visit to her
parents, but had been confined to her
berth almost from the hour of leaving
San Francisco. At sight of her home
paper she came on deck and enjoyed the
remainder of the trip immensely.
An Editor on the Night Shift.
' Wallowa Chieftain.
Had any member of the city council
been in hearing distance of the editor of
this paper Monday morning when he
arose at 3 A. M.. arrayed in his night
shirt and his dignity, to chase about
seventeen cows out of the front yard, al
ternately "cussing" the aggravating
quadrupeds and' the dog that wouldn't
come out from under the porch to take
part .in the proceedings, he might have
expected to have seen an article in this
week's issue calling their attention to the
fact that the cows are running at large
in the streets and lawns and "everywhere
else, but we have refrained.- If the owner
of the brindle brute with the crumpled
horn and only three teats will return the
padlock to the front gate, which the
breachy milker forgot to leave when she
picked the lock, we will not prosecute.
Bryan In a Jesting; Mood.
Lincoln, (Neb.) Dispatch to the New York
World.
At a jesting reference to his status as a
personal candidate Mr. Bryan laughed
heartily. "That reminds me," said he,
"that in 1904, when I was not a candi
date, an old lady stopped me in the street
to ask, 'Say, Mr. Bryan, who is running
against you this year?" "
Before the laugh subsided Mr. Bryan
had Btarted another story on himself.
"I am creditably informed." said he.
"that a good Democrat hereabouts, when
asked a few days ago about his vote,
said: 'I'm going to voje for Taft.'
'What's that?' asked the surprised ques
tioner! 'Sure thing.' was the answer.
'You see, I can vote for Bryan any
time.' "
When the bulletin told of delays In the
convention, the candidate grew impatient.
"My fix,", he said, "reminds me of the
righteous old Quaker, who started home
from the harvest field with a load of hay.
It was going to rain and the Quaker was
in a hurry. Off fell the load and our
friend pitchforked it back again without
a word. Down it went again, and he
again reloaded without a murmur.
"Just as he reached the barn door "the
storm broke, the hind wheel struck a rock
and over went the wagon. His wife
watched the spill from her window and
hurried to help him.
" 'Go back, Phoebe,' he shouted, 'I'm
about to express my feelings.'
"That's my fix."
Mr. Roosevelt Row Shirt-sleeve Man.
Oyster Bay Dispatch to North American
No longer need the shirtsleeve man,
who believes in comfort ahead of style,
fear a scolding by the female members
of his family for appearing so clad on
his front piazza.
President Roosevelt set the fashion
the other day, when he discarded his
coat, rolled his shirtsleeves half-way to
his elbows, and settled down in an
easy-chair on the veranda at Sagamore
Hill, to read about Africa and big game
hunting. A servant deposited an arm
ful of books near the chair, and the
President read for two hours. He Is
devouring everything he can find on the
dark continent and its- denizens.
He suffered so much with the heat
that he did not take his customary
horseback ride. He called up the
White House at S o'clock to inquire
the temperature. When told that it
Tas 94 in Washington, he replied:
"Pshaw, that's nothing! It's 9 here
and getting hotter every minute just
like Africa."
Mr. Taft's Flower Is the Carnntlon.
Cincinnati (O.) Dispatch.
Rev. J. Frederick, of Newport, Ky.,
vice-president of the . Evangelical
Protestant Ministers' Alliance, wrote to
Judge Taft, asking him what is his
favorite flower. He received a reply
today stating that the white carnation
is the Republican nominee's most ad
mired bloom. It is Frederick's idea to
have the white carnation used in the
present campaign.
Son's Drowning Turns Father's Hair.
Philadelphia Record.
The hair of Benjamin Rosenberg, of
Chester, Pa., turned gray in a day as
the result of shock to hie nerves
caused by the drowning of his son.
Sneese Helps to Restore Eyesight.
St. Louis (Mo.) Dispatch.
The sight of Nicholas Cazart, of St.
Louis, who was recently stricken blind,
was partly restored by a sneeze.
THE REAL HISTORY OF" OIAtl RU 1
Mr.
Murphy Thrown Light on
a Per-
pining Subject.
PORTLAND. July 19. (To the Edi
tor.) History records that all doctors
are full of oxaluria. In order that I
may not arouse any excitement or un
necessary fears on the part of the doc
tors, I will say that oxaluria Is a symp
tom and not a disease. I cite this from
an authority of great antiquity. Demo
cedes, who lived in the sixth century,
B. C, ts the first physician of whom we
have any trustworthy history, and is
credited with the discovery that "All
hollow things are sonorous."
The great Galens relates that he was
called In to the sick chamber of the
Emperor Marcus Aurelius, where three
surgeons were holding a council of
war. It wasn't professional to. pry
open the entrails those days, so the
surgeons declared there were symptoms
of fever. Galens felt of the emperor's
pulse and told him he had the stom
ach ache. He" ordered a bumper of
wine with a mixture of hot stuff. The
emperor drank and gave an oxaluria
grunt. "You the first of physicians and
the one philosopher," said' the emperor
to Galens. "all the other doctors are
money chosers. contentious, ambitious
and envious."
Hippocrates of Cos, the "father of
medicine." was the most original
thinker and clinical historian up to the
time of Woods Hutchinson, A.M., M.D.
He originated prognosis as is practised
today with an indelible pencil on the
ribs, ad arbltrtum. Rondlbilis, the phy
sician made famous by Rabelais, was a
great oxalurlaist. He declared the
symptom was aggravated by over, in
dulgence in What is known today as
Pocatello spring water or liquid alkali
or an immoderate use of swill-down
bouse. Burton, in his Anatomy of Mel
ancholy, intimates that oxaluria so
called today is a humidity in the stom
ach and an aridity in that circumrota
tory cavity behind the spectacles, and
as we said in the beginning, all hollow
things are sonorous, but all sonorous
things are not lime juice.
J. HENNESSY MURPHY.
BUSINESS IS GOOD IN CALIFORNIA
Returns Indicate That This Will Be
Best Fruit Year Known .There.
(From the Bulletin of Progress, issued by
the California Promotion Committee, San
Francisco.)
June has been a month of great prom
ise in all material ways to California.
In mining matters there has been con
siderable increase of interest and output,
and many new mines have been brought
into paying condition, while a number of
old ones have been developed to increased
paying ability. There has also been
marked Increase in the output of petrol
eum and many new wells hava been
opened.
The ripening of all fruits has borne out
the advance statements of The California
Promotion Committee, and reports from
all sources to the committee show that
this will be the heaviest .fruit year ever
recorded. Already there Is promise of
double the number of cars of deciduous
fruits for export shipment this year over
1907.
Colonization efTort is receiving great im
petus, and large owners are bringing de
sirable colonists to California to settle on
the subdivided tracts in all parts of the
state. Many new colonization plans have
developed, and special terms and other
Inducements are being offered to pros
pective settlers. i
The demand for labor In agricultural
districts continues strong, with good
wages and promise of permanent employ
ment. There is especial demand for
women and girls in the canning and fruit-
drying districts, and also as domestics
In all parts of the state. Difficulties be
tween shippers and carriers cause
slackening of work in lumber districts
with a stoppage of demand for labor
there. . .....
Renewed ImpetuB has been given to rail
road work and there is Increased demand
for laborers on lines in several parts of
the state.
The following summary shows Califor
nia conditions from May ' 29 to June 28,
inclusive:
San Francisco building per
mits $ 2.507.245.0(1
San Francisco bulldlna rjer-
mits sinco the Are 107,795,839.00
Los Angeles building permits.. . 705.197.00
Oakland building permits ...
San Francisco real estate sales.
600: value 1.675.000.00
San Francisco bank clearings. 131, 363. 447. 7Z
San Francisco bank clearings,
June. 1907
Los Angeles bank clearings ..
Oakland bank clearings
Sacramento bank clearings ...
Fresno bank clearings
Stockton bank clearings .....
San Jose bank clearings
San Francisco customs re
ceipts 177.307,117.96
89.487.803.00
6.972.406. 10
3.173,939.55
1.91U.746.9S
2.002.198 25
1.643,624.87
545, 250.02
Is Mr. Bryan Really "Agin" the Irish I
Des Moines Capital.
Has the Hon. William J. Bryan, per
petual candidate for the Democratic
Presidential nomination, some special-
antipathy against the Irish?
We certainly should dislike to believe
that anyone actuated by Buch noble
ideals as the peerless has ever pro
fessed would be actuated in any degree
by sentiments of race prejudice, but
really as the doughty Nebraska warrior
stalks across the National political
arena, the number of fine old Irish
scalps dangling from his belt helps to
make up a most interesting spectacle.
And thus are the trophies labelled:
Colonel John M. Guffey, of Pennsyl
vania. ,
Hon. Pat McCarren, of New York.
Hon. Thomas Grady, of New York.
Hon. Roger C. Sullivan, of Illinois.
Hon. John T. McGraw, of Virginia.
Hon. Robert Burke, of Illinois.
The list of Irish Democrats who have
felt the hot blasts of Bryanic wrath
could probably be extended Indefinitely,
but the above conspicuous illustrations
would seem to furnish ample basis for
the charge that Mr. Bryan seems to be
at war with a very large Irish contln
gent, whose Influence and votes he will
sorely need on the coming November
election day.
Successful Exploits Begun Fridays.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Here are a few of the successful ex
ploits which were undertaken on Fri
day:
August 1, 1492 Columbus set out on
his voyage. "
October 12, 1492 Columbus first
sighted land-
March 15, 1493 Columbus arrived at
Palos.
November 22, 1498 Columbus arrived
at Hlspanola on his second voyage.
January- 13, 1494 Columbus discov
ered North America.
September 7, 1565 Menendez founded
St. Augustine, the oldest city In Amer
ica. December 22, 1620 Pilgrims landed
at Plymouth Rock.
In addition to these instances, George
Washington was born on Friday and a
number of other historical events of im
portance, among them the seizing of
Bunker Hill, took place on the suppos
edly ill-omened day.
Enterprising Democrats.
Aberdeen (Wash.) World.
Oregon is the only state one thinks
of on the spur of the moment where
a. Democrat would take a chance on
such a political plum as the Democratic
Vice-Presidential nomination. The
brethren overlook nothing In that state.
Why should they? There's Statement
No. 1. '
Merry Widow Hat Twists Critic's Heck
Baltimore News.
Miss Lillian. Beck, of Rockaway
Beach, N. Y., twisted her neck out of
joint looking at a merry widow hat
worn by a woman.
ORIGIN OF THE NAME IDAHO
Means "Gem ot the Mountains," and
Conies Out ot Sunrise.
The name "Idaho" is ascribed to
Colonel Craig by his friend. Joaquin
Miller, the "poet of the Sierras." All
authorities do not agree with Mr. Mil
ler, but his letter on the subj-ict is at
least interesting, if not authoritative:
Guelph. Ontario. Canada. July SO, 1SS0
Dear Sir: The distinction of naming
"Idaho" certainly belongs to my old friend.
Colonel Craig (since deceased), of Craig s
Mountain. Nes Perce County. As for some
fellow naming it in Congress, bah! The
name was familiar in 5000 men's mouths as
they wallowed through the snow in '61. on
their way to the Oronno mines long before
Congress, or any man of Congress, had even
heard of the new discovery.
The facts are these: I 'was riding pon
express at the time rumors reached us.
through the Nes Perce Indians, that gold
was to be found on the headwaters and trib
utaries of the Salmon River. I had lived
with the Indians: and Cclonel Craig, who
had spent most of his life with them, often
talked w-lth me about possible discoveries in
the mountains to the right as we rode to .
Oronno. and of what the Indians said ot
tha then unknown region-.
Gallop your horse, as I have done a hun
dred times, against the rising sun. As you
climb 4he Sweetwater Mountains, far away
to your right you will see the name ot
"Idaho" written on the mountain top at
least you will see & ;iecultar and beautiful
light at sunrise, a sort of diadem on two
grand clusters of mountains that bear away
under the clouds fifty miles dfftant. I called
Colonel Craig'a attention to this peculiar
and beautifully arched light.
"That." said he. "is what the Indians call
E-dah-hoe, which-means the light or diadem
on the line of the mountains."
That was tha first time 1 ever heard the
name. Later, in September, '61, when I
rode Into the newly discovered camp to
establish an express office. I took with me
an Indian from Lapwal. We followed an
Indian trail, crossing Craig's Mountains, and
had, all the time, E-dah-hoe Mount for one
objective point.
On my return to Lewlrton I wrote a letter
containing a brief accbunt of our trip and
of the mines, and it was published In one of
the Oregon papers, which one I have now
forgotten. In that account I often men
tioned E-dah-hoe. but spelt It I-da-ho. leav
ing the pronunciation unmarked by any dia
critical signs. So that, perhaps. I may
have been the first to give It Its present
spelling, bat I certainly did not originate
the word. Youra alncerely.
JOAQUIN MILLER.
Ex-Senator Nesmlth. of Oregon, gave
the following version of the origin of
"Idaho":
Derry, Polk County. Oregon, April 20,
1881: I noticed a few days since an edi
torial paragraph in your pope- making in
quiry as to the origin or meaning of the
name "Idaho." Without professing to be
able to communicate the exact Information ;
you desire. I will give you the little I havs .
upon the subject.
The bill nrst passed the House of Repre
sentatives designating the-present territory'
or Idaho as Montana." w neri it cams
up for consideration In the Senate the 3d
of March, 1863, Senator Wilson of Massa
chusetts moved to strike out "Montana" and
insert "Idaho." Mr. Harding of Oregon
said: "1 think the name 'Idaho' Is prefer
able to 'Montana.' 'Idaho,' In English,
signifies 'the g-em of the mountains? 1
heard others suggest that It meant, in tha
Indian tongue, 'shining mountain,' all of
which are synonymous."
1 do not know from which of the Indian
tongues the two words Ida-ho come. I think.
however, if you will pursue the Inquiry
among those familiar with the Nez Perce,
Shoshone and Flathead tribes, that you will
find the origin ot the two words as I havs
given It above. J. W. NESMITH.
TRAINING FOR BOYS IX VACATION
What Manual Training Does for Them
In Snmmer.
St. Paul Pioneer Press,
The popularity of the vacation
schools is gratifying to all who are
interested in the success of the St.
Paul public schools. The attendance
at the end of last week had increased
to 700, and the demand for manual
training was so great that It was found
advisable 'to arrange classes to accom
modate the larger boys. It was not ex
pected that there would be a large at
tendance of boys from the sixth and
seventh grades, and those irt charge of
the schools were not ready for the
number that appeared for enrollment.
Preparation was made at once to ac
commodate the larger boys In classes
where they may receive instruction in
manual training. And there is no more
encouraging feature than the desire of
the more advanced pupils to Bpend
their vacation days profitably.
The large number of- those enrolled
at the opening sessions of the schools
demonstrate the change In opinion that
is taking place concerning Summer va
cations. The popular idea, both with
grown-ups and with the children, has
been that vacation was a period of
idleness as well as one for recreation;
that the children should have nothing
to do during the Summer except to
amuse themselves in any way they
might see fit. The attendance at the
Summer schools b,ears witness to the
fact that the parents and' pupils realize
that vacation may be converted into a
period of useful recreation; that rest
does not necessarily mean idleness.
The instruction the larger boys will
get at the manual training sessions
will be practical and particularly valu
able to them. Most of those who will
attend are those whose education will
not be extended beyond the grades. It
is encouraging to find that those who
will have to cut short their elementary
schooling are improving the opportu
nity to add to their equipment for the
struggle of life.
Those in charge of the vacation
schools seem to be planning their work
wisely. The sessions are so timed and
arranged as not to be irksome. The
work is made interesting as well as
practical. While the Instructors insist
upon order and good deportment, the,
discipline is not of the sort that will
become tedious to the pupils. The chil
dren ars amused as well as instructed.
They have a good time, and are picking
up Information that will be of much
value to them In after life. The vaca
tion school does not eliminate vacation,
but converts a period of useless idle
ness into one of profitable recreation.
Physique ot Several Presidents.
New York Press.
Washington was the tallest of the
Presidents, and had the longest namf.
Taft, the steam roller, if elected, will
be the biggest all-around man that ever
held down a White House throne. When
he orders a pair of trousers he says,
"extra stout." His girth measure is 72
Inches. Abe Lincoln's was 31. Roose
velt's is 45. Mr. Cleveland was a big
man In his physical prime, measuring
58 Inches in the waist. He lost 100
pounds in his recent illness.' Taft Is
the most active big man I ever saw.
Dixon H. Lewis was much stouter,
weighing nearly BOO pounds the heav.
lest man that ever sat in Congress. He
was chiefly- distinguished for cutting
out a pane of glass in the Senate cham
ber with a diamond ring, so as 'to hear
one of Webster's speeches.
Postal Savings Banks In India.
New York World.
The postal savings bank of India was
established in 1882. in which year the
depositors numbered 39.121 and the de
posits amounted to 8932,243. In 1907
the depositors numbered 1,190,220 and
the deposits amounted to J49.233.283.
which, perhaps, should not be consid
ered large In a Country having a popu
lation of some 300,000,000, but the aver
age Indian farmer, mechanic, servant
or laborer never deposits money in a
bank, but hides it away in a pot or box
in the ground or in some other place
which he may consider safe..
Determined to Lose No Time.
Indianapolis News.
" A sign on West Broadway, New York,
reads: "Your hat blocked and your
pants pressed while you are having
your shoes shined."