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THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE IT, 1903.
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BOSSES GOOD AND BAD.
Is the reign of the boss over? Is
he dead and gone to his reward?
Many estimable people seem to think
bo, but perhaps .they are mistaken.
There are Indications to be discerned
here and there that most of the
bosses whose funerals we celebrated
a year or two ago with solemn rejoic
ings are not half so dead as we
hoped. The revered Cox of Cincin
nati for example, whose remains
were consigned to a verdant tomb not
long ago, has experienced a wonder
ful resurrection and nobody in Ohio
is half so zealous for Mr. Taft as this
once defunct boss. They are a hardy
race. One half suspects, after study
ing them for a while, that they are
like cats with nine lives at least, and
possibly fifty-nine.
Take Boss Sullivan, of Illinois, for
another instance. Do we not all re
member how Mr. Bryan slew him
with the sword of his tongue and
then danced a war dance upon his
tomb? But today there is not a
Democrat In the. United States more
alive than the slain Mr. Sullivan is,
and none moredevoted to Mr. Bryan.
The truth is that mankind has never
yet been able to do much either for
good or bad without a boss, and there
Is no likelihood that we can dispense
with them for many generations to
come. Perhaps when we all grow
Into Supermen we shall be able to
boss ourselves, but hardly before
then. If men are to work together
for a common end, they must work
under a leader. We seem to have
been madein that way, and it is dif
ficult to conceive how we could have
been made otherwise.
Men have revolted today not
against bosses, but against bad bosses.
They are just as ready to follow and
obey, a good one as they ever were.
In fact, the only reason why men
obey any boss is because they think
he is better and wiser than the com
mon herd. Leaders are never fol
lowed for their bad qualities. It is
their better side which gains them
leadership, but, having once acquired
It, they turn traitor sometimes. Then
they lose their power. Mr. Roose
velt has not lost his power because
the qualities by which he gained
leadership are the ones "which: he
practices always and everywhere. He
has never disappointed those who de
pended upon him. He has never be
trayed a. cause. What he promised
to do he has done whenever he could,
and when he could not he has made
such a fight that everybody knew he
was in earnest and that failure was
not his fault.
Because he has been loyal to his
Ideals the people have been loyal to
him, and we now behold the pleasant
spectacle of the people's champion
bossing the Republican convention as
if the delegates were a band of
schoolboys "and he their beloved
teacher. Some of them do not love
him, but most of them obey him; and
they obey because they are afraid to
rebel. Mr. Roosevelt's career and
his present undisputed supremacy in
his party refute the ancient slander
that the people are fickle In their af
fections and always ready to forsake
their friends. They forsake nobody
who does not first forsake them, un
less they are deceived. Unfortu
nately it has always been rather easy
to deceive the people, but it Is becom
ing less easy. As intelligence irf
creases and the newspapers spread
the truth about men and events, the
leader who works for the public wel
fare holds a position which Is more
and more secure. Conventions al
ways work under boss rule, but sel
dom under the rule of a boss as wise
and unselfish as Mr. Roosevelt.
Oregon has discarded its bad
bosses and has not thus far found
any good ones -to replace them.
Hence we are "following the leader
ship of men of rather small caliber at
present, but of course the misfortune
is temporary. After a little time new
bosses will arise . with as much ca
pacity for leadership as the old ones
had, and without their vices. Then
events in this state will settle down
into their normal course again.
REPUBLICAN PROBLEMS.
The problems which the Republi
can platform-makers have to solve
at the National convention are excep
tionally delicate and perplexing.
When the voters are in a docile mood
and willing to be led by the nose the
ideal platform is one which says
nothing and puts it in pompous
phrases. But it unluckily happens
just now that the voters are not in a
docile mood. There are certain
things In the way of legislation which
they are determined to have by hook
or crook. A platform that takes
both sides of every question will not
satisfy them. Pompous phrases will
not lull them to sleep. They are. wide
awake and they are likely to keep
awake until after election day. Hence-
the unhappy platform-makers feel
obliged to take a definite stand, on
several bitterly debated issues, with
the certainty that whatever their de
cision may be it will lose votes. The
only consolation is that if they choose
their positions astutely they may win
more votes than they lose. The plat
form will not be reactionary for two'
or three excellent reasons.
The best of them is that Mr. Roose
velt will not permit it. Whatever in
cipient signs of rebellion the conven
tion may display now' and then, it is
none the less entirely under his con
trol and cannot" avoid obeying his
wishes. More ' completely than any
of its recent predecessors the Repub
lican convention now in session rep
resents the people of the country.
The people have staked their faith on
Roosevelt and therefore the delegates
cannot repudiate either his personal
ity or his opinions. Since, he Is a
progressive and not a reactionary, it
follows that the convention will look
forward and not backward and the
platform will declare unequivocably
for the Roosevelt ideas. Another
reason why It will do so is that the
American people are in a frame of
mind which demands progressive leg
islation. , They are tired of hearing
our defective laws relating to corpo
rations, to common carriers, to labor,
lauded as if they were the perfection
of human wisdom, when in reality
many of them are decades behind the
rest of the world and essentially bar
barous. Of course there are reactionaries in
the convention and roundabout It.
Mr. Cannon is there and he is not
alone by any means; but he and his
set will not dictate the platform. If
they were permitted to do so, they
would make sure of the millionaire
vote. Wall street would be with
them to a man. But the rest of the
country would quietly pass over to
Mr. Bryan. There will be a struggle
over some of the mqre enlightened
planks, like the one relating to in
junctions and the exemption of labor
organizations from the Sherman law,
but the outcome of the struggle is
not doubtful. They will go in as Mr.
Roosevelt wishes. Certainly the in
junction plank ought not to frighten
anybody, no matter how conservative
he may be. It asks merely that the
courts shall cease to Issue injunctions
"without consideration." Is It . not
.better for the courts to do all their
acts with "consideration" rather than
without it? Thost who profit by
hasty writs naturally wish the evil
to continue and grow greater, but no
body else does.
The ostensible objection to except
ing labor unions from the Sherman
law Is that It would be unconstitu
tional. At present the Sherman law
presses heavily upon the unions and
does not trouble the trusts, at which
it was aimed, in the slightest degree.
Is this well? Moreover, farmers'
unions and co-operative societies are
Just as Illegal under it as the labor
unions are. Is It well to try to sup
press co-operation among the farm
ers? Will the party which favors
such suppression be likely to retain
power very long? If It Is unconstitu
tional for farmers and laboring men
to unite for their own betterment, If
such organizations cannot be permit
ted without also permitting criminal
trusts, would it not be a good idea to
amend the Constitution a little?
BIG RAILROAD FIGURES.
A writer in a recent number of
Harper's Weekly, speaking of the de
velopment of American railroads,
says that there are 27.78 miles of
railway track in the United States for
every 10,000 inhabitants, as against
6.2 miles in Germany, 6.5 In the
United Kingdom and 7.4 In France.
If this statement is correct, the rail
road development of the United
States is more than 600 per cent in
advance of that of Europe. But this
is not all. The number of passengers
carried per mile in 1907 was 28,405,
000, an increase of 131.7 per cent
over the number carried ten years
ago; in the same period the number
of employes increased 103 per cent
and their earning capacity 133 per
cent. Instituting further comparison,
it is found that 'railway employes in
the United States receive about four
times the daily wage that is paid for
the same class of work on railways In
England. The summary further
shows that the wages of the 1,675,000
employes of the 350 railroad compa
nies for the year ending June, 1907,
exceeded the enormous sum of 81,
075,000,000. These figures are stupendous in
deed. They show not only that
Americans are a restless people,
shifting constantly from place to
place over the land, but that supply,
backed by stupendous energy and
capital, has come forward to meet
demand.
A good traveler, one who pays well,
is the native-born American, albeit
he reserves the right to demur at the
charges imposed and in recent years
has besought the Legislatures of
many states to reduce them. He is
a generous shipper also, but properly
exacting In the matter of prompt and
safe delivery of his wares. It is not
difficult to understand, in connection
with these facts and figures, the enor
mous, and. In a sense, the appalling
power of railroad corporations, under
the management of which hundreds
of thousands of passengers are con
stantly on the move, and millions of
tons of freight are transported. Well,
Indeed, may the question pertaining
to this management and transporta
tion be placed at the head of the
great economic problems of today.
EW RAILROADS PROBABLE.
From Southeastern Oregon come
numerous reports of renewed activity
on the part of Mr. Harriman s engl
neers and right-of-way men in that
isolated region. From beyond the
Coast Range there are also reports
coming of the presence of Hill em
ployes, who are running lines and
checking up former surveys. In Cen
tral Oregon both the Hill and the
Harriman systems have engineering
forces. Oregonlans have noted all
of these "signs" quite frequently in
the past, so often, in fact, tUat they
do not easily subscribe to the theory
that smoke always indicates the pres
ence of fire. But, despite the repeat
ed disappointments of the past, there
is a strong probability that Oregon
is about to enter on a new era of
railroad develbpment. Paradoxical
as It may seem, the "hard times'
which were,, blamed for the cessation
of work on some Oregon projects may
be indirectly the means of bringing
about this expected era of railroad
building.
For many months prior to the
financial -upheaval last Fall nearly
every railroad in the . country was
overrun with business. In Oregon,
officials who were supposed to be
'drawing salaries for soliciting traffic
for their roads were actually work'
ing overtime in thejr efforts to pre
vent traffic coming to them in a vol
ume that fairly swamped their facili
ties for -handling it. There was car
shortage and engine shortage, and
even track shortage, for so many
trains were moving that the available
passing tracks were Insufficient in
number and . length to admit of the
economical and expeditious handling
of trains. Under such conditions
prevalent the entire-length of the Hill
and Harriman systems, It was quite
clear that any additions to., the traffic
by the opening up of new territory
would only add further complications
to a situation which, temporarily at
least, was beyond the control of the
railroad men.
But with the turn of the tide, the
necessity for the development of new
fields for traffic has become most pro
nounced. The fixed charges on the
enormous investment in main lines
and equipment remain practically the
same as when tracks and equipment
were working ' up to the maximum
capacity. There is em immense sal
ary list from head officials down to
track walkers. In which there can be
no change of consequence, whether
the road Is working to capacity or
has Insufficient traffic to keep half of
its equipment busy. The local traffic
which can be developed along the
proposed railroad lines in Southern
and Central Oregon and in the Coast
region will be heavy as the country
develops, but the great source of
profit to the big transcontinental sys
tems, which are supposed to be be
hind the projects, will come from the
long haul on the products that these
feeders will bring out to the main
ines.
An increased business for the
transcontinental roads Is needed
more at the present time than ever
before and is the strongest Incentive
for the building of these feeders. Mr.
Harriman's recent bond sale has
equipped him with money enough to
carry out his long-promised plans in
Central Oregon and as Mr. Hill has
never had difficulty in building his
roads in either good times or bad
times, he will probably build into the
Tillamook country in the near future.
No other state in the Union has so
much to offer In tne way of new
traffic as will be found in Oregon.
Its wonderfuliresources cannot much
longer bS neglected.
THE POLAR SEARCH.
The experience of Walter Wellman,
in his alleged attempt to reach the
North Pole by balloon, has had a ten
dency to lessen the interest in that
long-sought polar attraction. The
Wellman fiasco was so clearly intend
ed for advertising purposes that the
exposure of the fake had a most un
favorable effect on the efforts of Lieu
tenant Peary, who is again getting
ready for another sortie in the far
north. But Peary will not make any
attempt to use balloons, automobiles
or any other spectacular equipment.
In a general way his method is not
unlike that of Sir John Franklin and
all of the other searchers for the
pole. After funds needed for the ex
peditions are available, Lieutenant
Peary will sail from New Tork early
in July, and If his plans are success
ful he will be home again within fif
teen months. The route chosen will
be the same as that traversed on the
previous voyage of the Roosevelt,
and the departure from the vessel by
sledge will be made at a point, not
far from where the "dash for the
pole" was made on the former voy
age of the .Roosevelt.
Peary's crew and officers include
nearly' all of the men who were with
him on his last previous voyage, and
their experience and knowledge of
the conditions encountered are ex
pected to enable them to select an
easier route than that which was fol
lowed after leaving the Roosevelt last
voyage. The benefits resultant from
a discovery of the North Pole are
questionable. Science may profit by
the discovery, and there will be, of
course, sentimental pride over the
achievement. For this reason Peary
will start on his long voyage with the
best wishes of the American people
for success in the undertaking, for it
would be in keeping with American
progress in other lines if the Stars
and Stripes should be the first ban
ner planted at the goal which for
centuries has been sought by the ex
plorers of all nations.
Peary is undoubtedly the best qual
ified 'man for the work now living,
for he has the advantage of years of
experience in the field and has al
ready approached nearer to the pole
than any living man.
Explorers were more than 300
years searching for the Northwest
passage before Captain Amundsen at
last sailed through that mysterious
waterway. With his success still
fresh In our minds, it might not be
unreasonable to expect that Peary
will at last force his way through
the hitherto impenetrable barriers
and solve the mystery. The North
west passage was a disappointment so
far as its being of any value as a
highway was concerned, and the
North Pole, when discovered, un
doubtedly will fail to come up to ex
pectations. For all that, Peary will
fare forth with .the best wishes of
the American people and they will
not care how great his earnings from
the lecture platform may be after he
returns successful.
The question of turning Lone Fir
Cemetery into a public .park has been
agitated at various times in the past
ten or fifteen years, only to receive
its quietus through the strenuous ob
jection of many citizens who have
family lots and graves in the tract.
The matter once more has been
brought up.vthls time with a definite
purpose looking to its speedy settle
ment. It is " doubtful, however,
whether the consent of a majority of
the lot-owners can be secured. The
plan, if carried out, would put a stop
to interments in the tract, an obstacle
that is held to be insuperable by
many wh,o own lots upon which in
terments have been made and which
are held sacred to family burials.
However, the matter is to be taken
up and canvassed systematically with
a view to Its permanent settlement,
since it will be a vexed question as
long as the( plot remains, as now,
practically uncared for' and open to
further Interments. A cemetery sur
rounded by homes Is open to serious
objections upon the score of com
munity health. Upon this basis prob
ably . the strongest argument for
turning the place Into ai park and
stopping Its further use as a cemetery
will be made.
Mr. E. T. Bethel, a. British subject,
who has been running a newspaper
in Corea,, has been arrested on a
charge of sedition preferred by T.
Mimura, the Japanese resident Gov
ernor of Seoul. If Japan is desirous
of securing an accurate line on the
limitations of its Jurisdiction In
Corea, it might extend to Mr. Bethel
the same treatment that has been
given Coreans who were charged
with sedition. Thrs treatment in
nearly all cases was sudden death,
the victims, if the case was not very
clear, being allowed to commit hara
kiri. An attempt to Inflict this kind
of punishment on a British subject
would be the signal for the assem
bling In the Far East of a war fleet
that would put an end to Japanese
control of Corea as well as a great
many other outlying precincts.
Edward Hugh Martin, charged
with the murder of Nathan Wolff,
will spend the Summer in the Mult
nomah County Jail. His trial, which
was to' have taken place July 2, has
been postponed until October 7. The
murder of which this man is accused
was a most diabolical one. So far as
disclosed by any evidence upon which
he is held, It was without provoca
tion. The case is one that demanded
speedy trial and by this time should
have been disposed of. The evidence
in the case is purely circumstantial
and is not likely to be increased or
diminished by delay. However, in
simple accord with the dilatory
methods that have become a part of
our judicial system, it has been al
lowed to drag along.
June, the closing month in Port
land's shipping season, Is usually
quiet, but the waterfront this year
fails to show anything resembling
dullness. In addition to a big fleet
of coasters coming and going, there is
now in the harbor a big fleet of for
eign vessels loading wheat, flour,
lumber and other products for Eu
rope, Australia, South America,
China and Japan. This fleet is daily
increasing in size, and before there is
much "of a slackening the advance
guard of another big grain fleet will
be coming along. In no other branch
of industry is Portland's wonderful
growth more in evidence than In the
harbor.
If the present plans of the Govern
ment are carried out, this season
promises to be a busy one in the up
per air. Three dirigible balloons
have been ordered for the signal
corps of the Army. An aeroplane has
also been added to the equipment
and experiments with the machines
will begin at an early day. Direc
tions to govern persons experiment
ing with aeronautics have been sent
out ' from the Weather Bureau.
These are designed for the use of
aero clubs throughout the country.
The desire to fly without wings is an
insistent one. Its recognition by the
Government attests the fact that
aerial navigation is passing the ex
perimental stage.
The process of elevating the stage
still goes on. Mr. W. D. Haywood,
who was so closely connected with
Harry Orchard In the Western Fed
eration assassinations, is now acting
In a play written for him In New
Tork and depicting scenes in connec
tion with the Orchard trial. The
play Is . quite a "thriller," but it
might draw larger crowds if Harry
Orchard and Steve Adams could be
secured for support.
The Oregon Legislature has been
"run" by bosses In Portland through
telegraph and telephone wires, but
the people tolerate the system no
longer. The National convention is
run by a big boss In Washington, yet
the people are willing. It depends
altogether on who the boss Is.
Only three or four years ago the
Portland charter was so sacred a
body of law that men who, wanted it
Improved were accounted despoilers
and defllers. Tet now the charter Is
declared by progressive citizens ob
structive to the city's growth. Times
change; also men.
Of course if Roosevelt should be
renominated by any chance, the con
vention ought to name Senator
Bourne for Vice-President, in order
to cope with the possibilities of Dem
ocrats naming Chamberlain for that
office.
The intervention of cool and cloudy
weather has reduced the probability
of serious vexation and loss from the
Summer flood, in the Columbia River,
to the minimum.
Men who do not want the Vice-
Presidency they say so feel It
thrust upon them. They must be
mistaken, since there Is only one such
office.
And just to think there are a lot
of persons in Oregon who would like
to abolish political conventions!
The defeated Oregon candidates
could find solace in the disappear
ance of their election pictures. .
MODERN HERO OF THE CHCRCH.
Bishop Brent Declines Rich .Home Offer
to Remain In the Philippines.
Providence (R. I.) Journal.
Bishop. Brent, one ' of the strongest
men In the Episcopal Church, declines
the offer of the bishopric of Washington,
D. C, in succession to the late Right
Reverend Henry T.- Satterlee. Instead,
he retains his difficult post in the Phil
ippines, which, it goes without saying.
Is in a worldly sense one of far inferior
attractiveness.
At Washington, D. C, there is an eccles
iastical opportunity large and agreeable
enough to suit anyone. A beautiful
cathedral Is to be erected there and a
certain prestige attaches to the diocese
by reason of its location at the admlnis
trative center of the country. Bishop
Brent, no doubt, would have enjoyed Irv
ing in Washington. D. C, and working
there, superintending the growth of the.
cathedral, coming into contact with the
official life of the capital and mingling
with the clergy of near-by dioceses. But
he puts all thought of this behind him
and determines to labor oh, 11,000 miles
from home, in a trying climate, with few
congenial social factors to lighten his
busy life.
It is unfortunate for the Washington,
D. C, diocese that ,lt has not been able
to persuade Bishop Brent to leave his
Oriental work, but it is equally fortunate
for the Philippines that he has decided to
stay where he Is; and It is fortunate for
us all that we have had this .conspicuous
example of self-sacrifice at a time when
so much emphasis is laid on selfishness
and greed. As a matter of fact, there is
as much self-denial now as there ever
was; human nature has not deteriorated)
in the last 100 or 1000 years. But it Is so
often sneerlngly said that a minister is
"pretty sure to hear a Divine call to
another parish if the salary is big
enough," that Bishop Brent s refusal to
be tempted away to Washington, D. G,
Is peculiarly wjelcome. It will give' many
a man or woman a forcible argument with
which to meet the scoffing allegation that
the clergy Is mercenary. For that mat
ter, the clergy warts a decent living. and
is richly entitled to it.
DOWSING ABSOLUTISM IS RVSSIA.
"Landlords' " Damn Shows Unexpected
Spirit In the People's Can&e.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
The vote in the Duma rejecting the
Russian ministry's four-battleship pro
gram verifies a prediction of the Dis
patch at the time of its beginning.
Though this body was created by the
manipulation of the suffrage qualifica
tion for the express purpose of produc
ing a conservative body it was pointed
out that Its very possession of the rep
resentative character would necessitate
Its making a stand for the rights of a
representative body.
This prediction Is verified and a new
contest 'between constitutionalism and
absolutism is precipitated on the naval
question the same question, by the
way, that opened the struggle In Eng
land which cost Charles I. his kingdom
and his head. When the ministry
brought in its proposals for large naval
construction the Duma proposed inter
pellations on the administration of na
val affairs. Without the ventilation and
reform of these new naval construction
very plainly means more waste of pub
lic funds in corruption. The Minister
of Marine indignantly denied the right
of the Duma to criticise his depart-'
ment. The Duma responds by voting
down the appropriation. The minis
try is therefore again confronted with
a refractory body representing the
people.
This is the "landlord's Duma." It is
not likely to give a hearing to land
distribution measures. But it Is bound
to stand on the more immediate re
forms of public expenditure and the
irrepressible issue of the rights of the
representative body. So tha conflict
is renewed, this time with the property
holding class leading the opposition to
autocracy. What new measures of
suppression may be resorted to is im
possible to foretell; but the struggle Is
certain to go on till either absolutism
wipes out all approach to representa
tion or constitutional government Is
firmly established.
Patience In Curry County.
Wedderburn Radium.
There is no chance to give election
returns at this time, for the reason
that none of the election clerks made
copies of results before sealing the
ballots and tally sheets. Nothing au
thentic will be obtainable Nuntil after
the official count. Rumor says Mr.
Tyler will be the next Sheriff. Judge
Bailey wins by a great majority, just
as this paper predicted he would. Mr.
Toleman will be the Assessor, and It is
hoped he will inject a little justice into
some of the very glaring inequalities
of Curry County assessments. There
will come a time, though possibly in
the far distant future, when the peo
ple will awake to the necessity of
making the foreign property-holders
pay at least a pdrtlon of the county
tax, and maybe they will open their
eyes to the fact that it would be per
fectly honest and not far from justice
to make them pay an equal proportion.
Mr. Toleman should give careful atten
tion to the properties of the Brookings
Lumber Company in this county, com
paring the quality of its timber and
its accessibility with other timber of
the county. There is a chance for Mr.
Toleman to use a great amount of
Judgment and do a deal of nosing
around.
Mrs. Blenker, of the Drum Corps.
Washington (D. ) Herald.
Mrs. Elise Blenker, who died at Mount
Vernon, N. Y., a few days ago, at the
ago of 84, was a rather remarkable
woman, who, a generation ago, was a
conspicuous member of German society
in New York. Her husband was Colonel
Louis Blenker, who gained some fame
In the Baden revolution of 1848 before
he emigrated to this country. He had
been a lieutenant of King Otto's army,
then studied medicine in Munich, and,
thinking himself unfitted for a career
as a physician, became a wine mer
chant in his native town of Worms.
When the revolution broke out, Blenk
er was one of the first to Join the
ranks of the revolutionists, and his
young wife, the daughter of a clergy
man, enlisted In the drum corps. She
was present when her husbarid captured
Ludwlgshafen and besieged Worms, and
when the causo was lost she fled with
him to Switzerland. When the revolu
tionists were expelled from that coun
try tne Blenkers came to the United
States, and bought a farm in Rockland
CountyBlenker organized the Eighth
Regiment. New York State Volunteers,
in 1861, the officers and men being
nearly all members of the New York
Turnvereln. Colonel Blenker died some
years ago at the Rockland farm.
Editor Geer's Version.
Pendle'tbn Tribune.
"Mr. Chamberlain's phenomenal suc
cess is attributable to but one thing
he Is a most energetic, enthusiastic,
accomplished and ubiquitous hand
shaker, and, above all things else, the
great American public must have its
hand shaken.
This Chamberlain long since found
out and has worked the discovery, as
well as the Republican party of Ore
gon, to an artistic finish.
Have We Heard This Before
Sumpter American.
Now perhaps the warring Republican
factions, or more properly speaking,
the men who claim to be Republicans
and believe In the principles of the
Republican party, will bury their per
sonal grievances and help to re-organize
the Republican party so that It can
have a united front.
PARTY CONVENTION WANING
Or Is , That Only Appearance, From
Lack of Pollticnl Issues f
Indianapolis News.
A Washington dispatch to the Chica
go Tribune concerns Itself with the In
teresting speculation or prophecy that
National Conventions are passing in
their importance because of a distinct
change that has come over our politi
cal system. The convention in this
view is less the body whose nomina
tions are really made and more a body
for registering the nominations that
have already been made. This, it says
Is done in the districts, as a review of
the last decade or two will show. The
change has been wrought, it avers, by
the increase of newspapers and the de
velopment of transportation systems
and other means of communication
which have made it easy to- register
the will of the people before the gath
ering of their representatives In con
vention. The platform alone, it is con
tended, holds interest , and the choice
for the second place on the ticket. The
Electoral College is cited as a parallel
case. It degenerated from a dellber
atlve body, which should actually
choose the President, into a mere reg
istering machine, as the means of com
munication improved. There is no
doubt as to the fact concerning the
Electoral College, and It may be that
the prophecy as to National Conven
tions Is justified. But we doubt very
much if the cause assigned has much
to do with it.
That the country may know at once
what Presidential Electors have been
chosen, instead of waiting six weeks, is
surely not an Influence In changing
the character of the Electoral College.
Nothing at all In quickness or slow
ness as to popular knowledge of 'the
result could deprive the electoral body
of tha powers that the Constitution In
tended It should have. The thing that
aid this was democracy the exten
sion of the power of the people. We
see the same influence at work today
in taking from Legislatures without
waiting for a Constitutional amend
ment the power to choose Senators.
The people will have their will carried
out here; that is, they are insisting on
exercising a power which Is delected
to Legislatures; In this robbing Them
Just as the Electoral College was
robbed. It may be that the same In
fluence is making itself felt in party
afralrs: that Is, as the Tribune article
says, that definiteness is insisted on
in the district conventions, leaving the
delegates no power to exercise their
wisdom after they get to the conven
tion, but only authority to go there as
the instructed messengers of their dis
tricts and to register their instruc
tions. But increased means of transporta
tion and communication have nothing
to do with this. The initiative and
referendum, which is a larger sign of
the same thing, is growing in our poll
tics. It has grown to fruition in
Switzerland, where there Is not and can
not be increased means of transporta
tion for a large part of the country.
The Tribune exposition has confounded
a political and material development,
making: one depend on the other, when
it should appear from the illustrations
cited that they have no more to do with
each other than had Tenterden Church
steeple with the Goodwin sands. The
commission of inquiry as to the cause
of the formation of the Goodwin sands
was told by an old crone that Tenter
den Church steeple caused them. Be
fore it was bui!t there were no sands.
After it had been erected the sands
began to form.
As little forcible It seems to us Is
the further contention of the Tribune
article that because with the advent of
Bryan 12 years ago there has been a
practical end to both party conventions
of bitter rights over the nomination,
therefore political conventions will no
longer be the scene of such contests. It
cites McKinley's foregone nominations,
Roosevelt's, Bryan's, Parker's. All that
was purely an outgrowth of political
and party conditions. It is to be seen,
of course, that modern means of com
munication enable contests to be car
ried on In advance, and results to be
discounted more easily and quickly
than when communication was slow,
but It seems to stretch the inference
too far to argue that these have been
the cause of unanimity of choice be
forehand. That comes from personal
ity and from political conditions. Let
a moral Issue rise like slavery and
unanimity will be conspicuous by Its
absence.
It is plainly the growing power of
the people, the constant reach for popu
lar control as seen in the change at
work in the choice of United States
Senator and In the initiative and
referendum that is resulting In more
direct control of National Conventions
If this is a permanent thing, which
may be doubted. Certainly the pre
arranged choice which has marked con
ventions of recent years is an incident,
rather than a characteristic.
Attacked by Rats, Terrier Saves Rim.
Hoboken (N. J.) Dispatch.
Had it not been for the timely aid ren
dered by an Irish terrier, Alfred Junge,
son of Water Commissioner Junge. of
Hoboken. would probably have been
killed by rats. Young Junge has a stable
that is Infested by rats and it has been
his custom to set traps for them, and
in that manner has caught many.
As soon as he entered the building yes
terday he heard a rushing sound and
dimly say in the dark scores of rats.
They were scampering In all directions.
Presently he felt them at his feet, and
as fast as he kicked them others took
their places. They ran up his legs,
through his clothing, and some got at his
face, notwithstanding his efforts to drive
them away. He had become so exhaust
ed he could scarcely stand, when an Trish
terrier that belonged to a neighbor darted
in the open doorway and attacked the
animals. In two minutes the terrier
drove every one of them from the stable
and Junge hobbled home and attended to
his Injuries.
Gives $2,000,000 for Poor Mexican.
Washington (D. C.) Herald.
The announcement that Senor Pedro
Alvaredo, the Mexican millionaire land
owner, has given $2,000,000 for the
purpose of aiding poor Mexicans re
calls the fact that he started life as
a day laborer on a ranch. Born of
humble parents, Senor Alvaredo in his
younger days worked as a peon, or
common day laborer, on a ranch, but
his honesty and Industry earned steady
advancement, and he soon became his
own master and one of the wealthiest
men In the councry. But he never for
got his class, and always set himself
to alleviate the none too happy lot of
the peon.
Nepotism Law Hits Governor.
Guthrie (Okla.) Dispatch.
The law absolutely prohibiting the em
ployment In any public office of relatives
within the third degree by affinity or con
sanguinity is now In effect In Oklahoma.
Governor Haskell, who signed the bill,
was the officeholder caught under the
law's provision. He immediately switched
Reull Haskell, his private stenographer,
who is his nephew, to the Supreme Court
Clerk's office. Miss Lucy Haskell, the
Governor's daughter, was elected a mem
ber of the faculty of the State Normal
School at Alva, but It la claimed that tha
anti-nepotism law does not cover her
case.
Gallery Seats Are Better.
Eugene Guard.
After all, Jonathan didn't care much
about being a delegate to the National
Convention.
The Family Has Moved.
Seattle Times.
WANTED The address of the Re
publican party in Oregon.
CHANGE STATE REPRESENTATION
Explaining Measure to Come Before
National Republican Convention.
Philadelphia Press.
The dispatches from Chicago indicate
that the suggestion for a change in the,
basis of representation in Republican
National conventions is meeting with a
great deal of favor among the party lead
ers there. Some who have been opposed
to it heretofore are now heartily support
ing it.
In view of the fact that the proposition
will be presented to the National con
vention it is worth while considering
what it means. A plan' that would give
each state four dolegates-at-large. re
gardless of its vote, and 'an additional
delegate for each 10.000 Republican votes
or majority fraction thereof, would result
In the following representation by states,
comparison being made with the present
number of delegates:
State.
State. o
fc t A
6'Nevada ...... 6 5
New H 8 9
2.1 New Jersey .. 24 20
l'lXew York .... 1 lo
1. VN. Carolina . . 24 12
0 North Dakota. 8 0
VOhio 46 64
;Oklahoroa .... 14 '
9 Oregon 8 10
87Pennsylvanla . 68 8S
41 Rhode Island. 8 8
S3S. Carolina ... 18 4
2. "'South Dakota. S 11
23 Tennessee . 24 15
5 Texas 36 9
lOiTTtah 6 10
lWermrait 8 8
3dlvirginia 24
O'Washlngton ,. 30 14
26 West Va. ..... 34 17
4 Wisconsin .... 26 S3
30!Wjomins .... 6 6
1R Totals 966 950
Alabama .... 22
Arkansas .... IS
California .... 20
Colorado .... 10
Connecticut ..14
Delaware 6
Florida 10
Georgia 26
Idaho ....... 6
Illinois B4
Indlcna 30
Iowa ........ 26
Kansas ...... 20
Kentucky .... 26
IjOulslana. . ... IS
Maine ...... 32
Maryland .... 16
Mass. Jt2
Michigan .... 2
Minnesota ... 22
Mississippi ... 20
Missouri 86
Montana .... 6
Nebraska .... 16
Territorial delegates are not Included
In this list, but no doubt provision would
be made for them In any new plan. The
vote used as a basis is that cast for
President four years ago. except In tha
case of Oklahoma, which was not then
a state; Its vote for Congressman that
year has been taken, but the vote of the
state is much larger now, and the num
ber of delegates would be more than the
table shows.
The inequality of the present repre
sentation is undeniable. When 11 states
that together cast less than 400,000 Re
publican votes have more delegates in a
National convention than the three larg
est states combined, with more than
2.300.000 Republican votes, there does not
seem to be any further ground for argu
ment. The figures themselves are con
clusive. Pennsylvania alone casts over
twice as many Republican vote3 as all
the 11 Southern States together, but it
has only 68 delegates, while they have
240. The surprising thing is that this in
equality has not been effectively dealC
with long before now.
Novelist Uses Real Love Letters.
Julius Chambers. In Brooklyn (N. T.)
Eagle.
One successful woman novelist boast
ed to mo at an afternoon reception of
the Authors, that she worked up most
of her passionate love scenes from a
past collection of old love letters that
she had secured from girl friends and
had saved from her own boisterous
girlhood days. I felt much like asking
the names of her friends who had 3ur
rendered the precious letters in the In
terest of pure and undefined "litra
toor." One naturally felt a bit nervous,
because some old flame might have
made merchandise of an overheated
affection.
When a man is attacked with a de
sire to write letters of flame, he should
consult a physician or go on a long
journey.
Girl Knocks Out Rocker of Boat.
North American.
Because W. Harris Willington, of Rox
borough, persisted in rocking a boat In
deep water on the Schuylkill River, Miss
Bessie Rostum, a companion, picked Up
an oar and knocked him overboard.
"A man is a fool for rocking a boat
containing a woman," she said before
making the swing that landed Willington
In the stream. Of course, Willington
supposed she was Joking, and kept up
the "sport."
As he struggled in the river Miss Ros
tum pulled at the oars, and rowed tbo
other member of the party, Miss Mary
Garston, on to Manayunk. Willington
swam ashore, but he was so exhausted
that George Whitehead had to help him
out of the water.
He's the Father of 2T Children.
Chicago Tribune.
James Allen Monroe, well-known
among livestock commission men at
the stockyards as a shipper of cattle
to Eastern markets, and better known
on the South Side as the father of 7
children, was the recipient yesterday
of enthusiastic congratulations when
his many friends learned of another
addition to his already ample family.
A lively baby girl, named Virginia, is
the latest acquisition, and, although
she was born three weeks ago, Mr.
Monroe's business associates did not
learn the news until yesterday. Previ
ous congratulations showered on the
family had been so strenuous that Mr.
Monroe decided to keep the news of
this last addition quiet.
Danger of Arousing Other Elijabs.
St. Paul Dispatch.
One A. M. -ummings, who was tem
porary cnalrman of the Michigan
Democratic convention, has no low
opinion of the goodness and greatness
of W. J. Bryan. In his keynote spoerii
Cummlngs was guilty of the follow
ing:
"His voice and pen have Influenced
for good the thought and convictions
of more men that did ever any other
man in liko period save only the Man
of Galilee."
If he doesn t look out, Bryan will
arouse the jealousy of the followers ol
Dowle, Schweinfurth and all the other
Second Elijahs.
Doomed to Wear a Life Mustache.
Balnbrldge Correspondence of Lancas
ter (Pa.) Inquirer.
Abram Sohaeffer, who resides near
Ellzabethtown, made a vow in 1S56 that
if James Buchanan should be elected
President he'd never part with his
mustache. Mr. Schaeffer was at that
time in Baltimore. As Buchanan was
elected, the West Donegal man hasn't
had a bare upper lip in at least 63
years. ,
There are Only a Few.
Indianapolis Star.
Out there in Oregon, where a Repub
lican Legislature is now expected to elect
a Democratic United States Senator, w
hope there are no Democratic election re
formers arguing that one party should b
prevented from monkeying with the af
fairs of the other.
Weakest and Strongest.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
Which Is the weakest thing of. all
Mine heart can ponderT
The sun. a little cloud can call
With darkness youder?
The cloud, a little wind can move
Where'er It listeth?
The wind, a little leaf above.
Though sere, reslsteth?
What time that yellow leaf was green
My days v.-ere gladder;
But now, whatever Spring may mean
I must grow sadde-.
Ah. me! a leaf with sighs can wring
My lips asunder I
Then is mine heart the weakrst thing
Itself can ponder.
Yet, heart, when sun and cloud are plne
And drop' together.
And at a blast which Is not wind.
The forests wither.
Thou, from the darkening deathly cursa.
To glory breakest
The strongest of the universe
Guarding the weakest!