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,THE 310RXIXG OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, . MAY 16, 1908.
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PORTLAND, 8ATURIAV, MAY 18, 1B08.
THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM.
As matter of fact, almost everything
that Is worth anything, in the Repub
lican party, is expressed In the plat
form adopted by the Republican con
vention of Oregon on Thursday. The
rest is but chatter and gibberish, the
froth on the glass' of new milk! or, if
your habit teaches you to Ike the slm
.ilo better, the froth on the glass of
beer. This platform is the only ra
tional word that has come from the
Republican party of Oregon in recent
years. It stands by old principles, yet
applies old principles to new condi
tions: and It repudiates modern fool
eries and fads.
This platform ought to be read
through and through. It comes from
sane and rational men. It is not a
complete book of political wisdom, it
does not contain The Whole Duty of
Wan: but it reaffirms necessary prin
ciples and purposes, and it eschews
modern fooleries and fads.
It opposes abuse of initiative and
referendum by submission to the peo
ple of large numbers of measures of
cranky nature mostly on the same
ballot. It opposes such chimeras as
proportional representation and recall.
It urges voters to use caution on the
many initiative measures submitted
on the ballot, and demands that the
appeal to initiative and referendum
shall be checked, by requirement of a
larger proportion of the electors on
every petition or appeal. "Further, that
the number of measures submitted at
any one election shall be limited, and
that a measure or proposition once
voted down shall not again be submit
ted for the space of six years.
These are rational suggestions. Oth
ers, not just like them, but of similar
purport, are made by the Oregon State
Grange. Efforts like these ought to
stop the tide of folly. But to stop it
effectually It is necessary to vote down
the larger number of the propositions
now pending on the ballot.
Amendment of the primary law is
tailed for to prevent and to punish
registration of voters on their false
oaths as Republicans or as Democrats,
for the purpose of fraudulent partici
pation In primary elections. It is not
apparent how this abuse can be dealt
with effectively; but if there is no
practicable way, this form of primary
should be abandoned, for it opens a
door to intolerable perjury and fraud.
On National questions the platform
is sound. It expresses approval ol the
administration of President Roosevelt,
demands tariff revision, holds for re
tention of the Philippines and insists
on exclusion of Asiatic immigration.
More, it supports the President's de
mand for Increase of the Navy, and
speaks for protection and assistance
of our Interests in Pacific commerce.
It is, not popular now to refer to his
tory! that is fossllism. Xevertheless
the convention ventured a word of re
mark on the achievements of the Re
publican party during fifty years. It
was not necessary, perhaps: yet it is
something, when a party is not wholly
ashamed of its history nor trying to
escape it.
THE BROTHERHOOD OF THE BOLO. .
It was machine work, the work of
the Republican State Convention; but
there were two machines, one more
powerful than the other; and the more
powerful one controlled the situation.
Of course the; weaker machine will
have much to say against machine
rule; which, indeed is deplorable un
less it is your machine.
It has been common knowledge that
Senator Bourne wished to lead the Re
publican delegation to Chicago, so he
might be able to handle it for support
of his project for a second elective
term. But the people of Oregon, not
Questioning Mr, Roosevelt's sincerity.
but taking him at his word, have not
fallen In with Mr. Bourne's Idea; and
besides, there are many, probably a
great majority, who are unwilling to
accept Mr. Bourne's leadership In its
entirety. Again, Mr. Bourne had de
clared against Mr. Taft, and the Re
publicans of Oregon have thought it
best to follow the example of Mr.
Roosevelt and take Mr. Taft for their
candidate. This just naturally let Mr.
Bourne out. Besides, there is a mighty
and solid body of Republicans who
do not accept the Holy Statement, to
which Mr. Bourne and his supporters
are fervently we might better say
fatuously devoted; and the irritation
of this difference led to doubling up
and heaping up various old materials
of dispute and dissension.
All these things are incidents of the
general hara-kiri, or self-exenteratlon,
of the Republican party. The like has
been going on for years, with nearer
and nearer approach to a crisis. First
one faction and then another turns
gut-cutter, or Jack-the-Ripper. Re
taliation was due this time from those
upon whom it has been rubbed in'
heretofore.
"Let one spirit of the first-born Cain
reign in all bosoms." exclaims old
Northumberland, In King Henry IV.
It is a fair motto for the kind or
quality of brotherhood that exists in
the Republican party of Oregon.
THE AT) HOMINBM ARGUMENT.
The Oregon Tax Reform Association
prints the statement that "H. W. Scott,
of The Oregonian, owns 320 acres of
suburban land out at Mount Scott,
which he is holding for speculation."
Also that he is holding city property
"which he is waiting for other men
to make valuable."
Now, since the argumentum ad hom
inem is employed, let us see.
H. AV. Scott owns 335 acres of land
at Mount Scott. But he is not holding
it for speculation. He holds if for
use, and is using it. He has expended
upon it, down to this present, more
money than it is worth, and more than
it would sell for: and he is still ex
pending money upon it. But he would
be glad at this time to take out of it
the money he has put in it. He will
sell the whole for less than it has cost
him. It is land that has cost more
than $100 an acre to clear, yet he has
cleared large part of It, is clearing
more, and is growing crops on it, and
rearing blooded stock on it; not that
it is a good business proposition as to
money, but he has simply had a notion
that way, and the land must be. cleared
and subdued, some time, by some
body. Such work never will be done
by Brother Cridge, or by Brother Wag
non, of the Oregon Tax Reform Asso
ciation; for they are men of the sort
who haven't energy enough or purpose
enough to do anything of importance,
but content themselves with envious
snarls at those who actually accom
plish things. That is the basis of their
single-tax effort.
If this use of the argumentum ad
hominem doesn't quite please Mr.
Cridge and Mr. Wagnon, they may be
reminded that they are the persons
who have Invoked the use of it in this
case. The land at Mount Scott never
would be brought into use by men of
their feeble energy. They would
rather live on taxation of the property
of others and bawl for "reform."
Again, the little city property that
Mr. Scott possesses he has improved
to the limit of his financial ability, and
intends to do more, in that direction
when he cant Besides, this property
has cost him all it's worth even more
counting first cost, street and other
improvements and taxes. When Mi.
Cridge and Mr. Wagnon class him
with "monopolists and land thieves,"
he considers the source; but it doesn't
oblige or compel him to silence. One
thing is certain: , Your self-styled tax
reformers will never do anything
themselves for improvement of lands,
streets or roads, in country or in city.
Their noble ambition is to prey on the
property that others have created by
industry. Intelligent effort and patient
self-sacrifice.
And what H. W. Scott has done and
is doing at Mount Scott, and in the
city, is but one small incident or in
stance. Thousands have done and are
doing the like, on a scale greater or
less. The presumptuous scoundrelism
that would deprive these citizens, men
and women, of the fruits of their ef
forts, of their foresight, self-denial
and labor, well expresses itself in the
argument put forth by the so-called
"Oregon Tax Reform Association." Its
basis is in robbery; its advocates are
land thieves the term they so delight
to apply to those whom they would
despoil.
But it is not a Portland proposition,
merely. It concerns the whole state,
for the robbery amendment is to ap
ply to the whole state. No person who
owns landed property, whether the
amount be large or small, no person
who expects ever to own any, or has
ambition to rise above the status of
parasites, living without rendering so
ciety service, and snarling at all
whose energy secures to them a piece
of land to dwell on, can afford to vote
for this scheme of agitators and land
thieves, whose argument on the eco
nomic side is as weak as on the moral
side it is rotten.
THE GRANGE ON EDUCATION.
The Oregon State Grange, in session
at Eugene, expressed its preference for
a number of things, some very good
and some rather dubious. There will
be argument over most of them, and
perhaps unanimous agreement upon
none except one or two of the recom
mendations of the educational com
mittee. We must concede that this
committee has good ideas. In fact
the general interest of the State
Grange in education seems to be sound
and Intelligent.
The particular recommendation to
which we refer asks that school money
be distributed among the districts of
the state in proportion to the number
of teachers they employ. At present
it is divided according to the number
of pupils in each district. The pro
posed method would encourage two or
three innovations which would be for
the decided good of the schools. For
example, the tendency now is to keep
as many scholars as possible in one
room and under one teacher, in order
to save salaries. If the district with
two teachers drew twice as much
school money as the district with one
teacher, this deplorable habit would
be discouraged.
It might be thought that districts
would be tempted to employ more
teachers than they need under the
proposed rule. but a little reflection
shows that they would not. More
teachers require more school room,
and the sta,te does not pay for build
ings, only, tot Instruction. Hence
there is no danger that any district
would employ more teachers than it
really needed. The new method of
apportionment would, however, lead
to the erection of two or more school
houses In very large districts where
one is now made to suffice to the great
discomfort of the children. This
would be an excellent thing. One of
the worst hindrances to the education
of children in country districts at pres
ent is the long dally tramp through
the rain over muddy roads. Any
thing that would lessen this disadvan
tage is to be commended. The lauda
ble purpose of the state Is to educate
all its children. If in order to accom
plish this the distribution of the school
fund must be changed from the strict
numerical basis, let the change be
made. .
MB. HILL'S VIEWS UPON RESOURCES.
J. J. Hill is a "practical" man if
there ever was one. He has dealt
with cold facts and stern realities all
his life. He is neither a theorist nor
an alarmist, but a man who sees
things as they are. If he took a some
what discouraging view of the coun
try's future in his speech at the Wash
ington conference, it was because the
facts permit no other so far as our
natural resources are concerned. The
truth cannot be too often reiterated
nor too vigorously rubbed in that our
natural resources are almost gone, and
the question "What are you going to
do about it?" must be kept before the
people until it is answered. Other
wise we are on the road to National
ruin.
Prophets of evil are never popular.
Cassandra was ridiculed in the streets
of Troy with the wooden horse stand
ing in the public square. Most Of us
prefer to Uve in a fool's paradise if we
possibly can and as long as we can.
and then berate divine Providence
when the evils fall upon our heads
which a little forethought might have
prevented. Mr. Hill sang the same
old song and told the same old story.
Our forests are nearly exhausted; our
mines will give out before the end of
this century; the surface soil of the
farms 1s everywhere washing away
into the rivers and the rivers are heap
ing it up in bars or carrying it away
to the bottom of the ocean. When
this work of destruction is complete,
says Mr. Hill, the country "will suffer
as a man would suffer by the with
drawal of the air he breathes."
What shall we do for power when
there is no more coal? This is not an
idle academic question. It is intensely
practical. It Is even pressing, for the
last Qf our coal supply is almost in
sight. When there is no more coal we
must depend on water power and upon
alcohol produced from the soil. But
destruction of forests means destruc
tion of water powers. At any rate, it
will make them irregular and unrelia
ble. Loss of the soil of the farms
means loss of what the soil produces,
including food and the substances
which distil alcohol. We see, there
fore, how fundamental to our very life
is the preservation of the forests, since
both water power and soil depend
upon them. From the office bf the
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Milton
H. Smith has sent out to the press a
foolish letter in which he says that he
cannot see how . the preservation of
forests would prevent soil wash. There
are none so blind as those who will
not see. Forests prevent wash by-
withholding rain in their mold like
great sponges, allowing it to trickle
out - slowly instead of sweeping the
country In floods. He says also that
he cannot understand how forests
would mitigate floods in the Ohio
River. We can, and so can the people
of Pittsburg, who have seen the floods
in their city grow worse year by year
as the forests have heen cut away.
Mr. Hill points out that the ultimate
reliance- of this Nation for food and
power must be mainly upon the soil
of the fields. Hence we should neglect
no precautions that will maintain fer-
tility. In the South, he remarks, fully
one-tenth of the arable land has been
ruined by ignorantly vicious farming.
The fertility of the entire Mississippi
Valley has been depleted, in the same
way, though the farms have not been
ruined yet. The salvation of this
country, according to Mr. Hill, depends
not upon its Army and Navy, nor upon
the Supreme Court, nor upon any of
our other fetiches, but upon forest
preservation, rotation of crops and fer
tilizers. In the light of his sane common
sense, how perverse are the sentiments
of the Governors of Montana and
Wyoming, who whined and complained
at the conference because they had
too many forest reserves. They are
like the Israelites in the wilderness,
who rebelled because they had too
much manna. Without manna the
Israelites would have starved: With
out National forests Montana and
Wyoming would be barren deserts
within a few years. Poor, silly Gov
ernors, to curse the Instrumentality
which saves them and their states
from ruin.
THE GRAIN-SACK PROBLEM.
The fact that Pacific Coast business
men do not. In all lines of industry,
follow the methods that are in vogue
In the other states usually suggests to
the Eastern visitor that the Western
methods must be wrong. To thi3 im
pression is due the periodical appear
ance of Eastern grain men with a
proposition to inaugurate in Western
ports the Eastern system of shipping
grain in bulk. Thus far but one of
the newcomers has ever with coin
backed his faith In the bulk method,
ana the results were far from satis
factory. The late F. H. Peavy was for
many years the largest grain elevator
operator in the Middle West, but his
attempt to establish a line of elevators
and ship wheat In bulk from Pacific
Northwest ports was a dismal failure,
and he spent a large sum of money in
changing his elevators into warehouses
better adapted for the handling of
sacked grain.
A Duluth, Minn., grain dealer has
recently visited this port, and in an in
terview announces his intention of
sending out a cargo of bulk wheat. It
is highly probable that he will recon
sider his determination when he
makes a more thorough study of the
experience of Mr. Peavy and others
who have already tried the bulk sys
tem, une Pacific Coast is dependent,
and until the completion of the Pan
ama Canal will be dependent, for
grain-carrying tonnage on the sailing
vessels, which, having no bulkheads
and no compartments, are utterly unfit
for bulk grain loading, and In them
bulk grain cargoes would be practical
ly uninsurable. These carriers, even
when loaded with sacked grain, well
protected by "shifting boards" to pre
vent its moving vita the rail of the)
ship, frequently shift their cargoes.
and with bulk grain it would be sim
ply Impossible to prevent shifting and
there would be no means for "trim
ming" ship, as is now. possible with
sacked grain.
But, even were It possible to secure
specially constructed carriers for this
business, there would be the danger
while passing twice through the trop
ics of heating, and it would be Impos
sible to sell cargoes on which heavy
reclamations for damage would nearly
always be causing trouble. Another
feature of the bulk system with which
the Duluth man is unfamiliar' Is the
necessity of using sacks on the big
combines" with which grain is har
vested in this country. The combined
harvester is unknown in the wheat
fields of the Middle West, but it is a
very essential machine in the harvest
of the big wheat yields of the Pacific
Northwest.
Some time in the future, possibly
soon after the completion of the Pan
ama Canal, it will be practicable to
handle Oregon and Washington wheat
in bulk, and as soon as it can be han
dled to advantage by that method, the
men who have bsen experimenting
with it for years will readily adopt the
new method without the necessity of
any instructions from Eastern men
who are not at all familiar with local
conditions. Meanwhile it is the duty
of the farmers to grow cleaner and
bettet- wheat, in order that when the
change from sacks to the bulk method
is made, they will not be "docked" S
to 10 cents per bushel when their
grain is indiscriminately mixed with
that of other growers in an elevator.
Since the agitation began for quit
ting the practice of having deeds re
corded at misleading figures, there has
been some improvement in the matter,
and dollar transfers are much less fre
quent than before. At the same time
there is still room for Improvement,
and if the parties who are guilty of
this method of misrepresentation could
be made to understand that nothing
is gained by the deception, Portland's
real estate transfers would make a
much better showing. The failure of
the deceptive "dollar transfer" to
cover up the actual value Involved Is
seldom more than partly successful,
for nearly every day the records show
some property that is transferred at $1
consideration, while the official list of
mortgages, where deception is impos
sible, makes note of a mortgage placed
on the same property for hundreds,
and In many cases thousands, of dol
lars. As an attractive showing, a
thousand-dollar real estate transfer Is
preferable to the notice of a thousand-
dollar mortgage.
That fiction that a piece of land
100 feet square in Portland recently
sold for $800,000 is still doing duty In
various hysterical appeals for single
tax. We notice it now in a Marion
County paper. The statement never
had any foundation in truth. There
is no 100 feet in Portland, with the
best $500,000 building in the city on
It, that would sell for 1800.000. The
piece of land to which this fable is
supposed to relate Is on Washington
street, and the buildings are practical
ly without value. The land wouldn't
bring over $250,000, as an outside fig
ure; and it pays taxes fully in propor
tion to its value.
Sam Smith, of Crook County, may
be guilty as charged. Upon this
point we do not pretend to speak, but
his trial was a strange performance.
One juror admitted prejudice against
him. That same juror's son was a wit
ness against him. One of Smith's at
torneys seems to have acted more for
the prosecution than for his client, and
that attorney's son was permitted to
overhear confidential conversations
among Smith's lawyers and afterward
to repeat them to the jury. All this is
amazing. It is to be hoped that the
Supreme Court will give the affair a
thorough sifting. '
Those Episcopalians who withdraw
from their church because ministers
of other denominations have been in
vited to occupy its pulpits once In a
while are either very holy or very silly.
Do the Methodists, Presbyterians and
so forth, pollute the pulpits? We
Imagine that the ministers of one de
nomination are about as pure as those
of another, and that a pulpit which
has stood the presence of an Episco
palian without defilement would not
lose Its immaculatene'ss if a Baptist
should preach from it. To reasonable
people these sectarian conceits appear
idiotic.
One of the propositions that is
easily understood the easiest perhaps
of all of them is the woman's suf
frage amendment. It is a simple ques
tion, namely: For equal suffrage
constitutional amendment, permitting
women to vote on equal terms with
men. Vote Yes or No. The thought
of the state seems more favorable to
the proposition than heretofore, and
it may carry this time.
Disgusted with people and events,
a Florida paper exclaims: "Hades is
here and now." Possibly true in the
far Southeastern part of the United
States, but on the opposite corner, in
the Pacific Northwest, if we would be
truthful, we must say "Paradise is
here and now." Come and see.
Agricultural College authorities say
this Is the time to spray apple trees
to destroy the codling moth. If you
want wbrmless apples, get busy with
your arsenate of lead, with some lime
sulphur added as a protection against
apple scab.
The Republican State Convention
put its disapproval upon the "recall"
amendment. The constitution already
provides an adequate means of getting
rid of dishonest or incompetent offi
cials. Senator Bourne must have excited
the astonishment of all passers-by as
he rushed up the White House steps
to inform President Roosevelt of the
action of the Oregon state convention.
The single land tax is simply an ex
pedient of those who haven't any dis
position to work, and energy only for
shallow agitation.
The Republican platform speaks
rightly and strongly for the State Uni
versity appropriation.
The Oregon Republican conventions
pleased Mr. Roosevelt, If not Mr.
Bourne.
A big machine is run by bosses, but
a little one by patriots .
ASKS RELIEF FOR SMALL DEBTORS
England Begins Movement to Limit
ImprlsOBDieat for Mosey Owed.
London Letter in New York Sun.
The institution of the new court of
crimlgal appeal !as called attention to
a serious grievance with which It has
no power to deal. It Is generally be
lieved by English people that the act
of 1869 abolished imprisonment for
debt, but as a matter of fact it con
cerns . only debts amounting to over
50. The smaller debtorB were left to
the county court Judges, who had the
power to imprison a debtor It they
considered that he was able to pay, but
refused to do ao. Thus the small
debtor runs the risk of Imprisonment,
while the large debtor is immune in
general.
Statistics show that the number of
cases of Imprisonment for debt
steadily Increased until 1907. during
which year several judges declined to
make committal orders unless the
plaintiff was able to prove the debtor's
ability to pay the debt. In 1S9B the
number of cases of imprisonment was
S190: in 1903 they had risen to 10,527,
In 1905 to 11.4U5, In 1908 to 11.986, but
in 1907 they declined to 11.427.
The majority of the present county
court judges are in favor of the entire
abolition of imprisonment for debt.
This attitude is largely due to the
action of the large firms selling goods
on tne instalment system using the
process of the courts as a debt collect
ing agency.
Failure to pay the instalments on
time Is followed by an application to
the local, county court for a summons
for the buyer to show cause why an
order for payment should not be made.
The summons Is sent to the debtor by
registered mall, by which -means a re
ceipt is obtained, thus proving the
service of the summons.
The debtor, finding that the sum
mons is returnable at a town perhaps
100 miles from his home, either remits
the money or falling either ability to
pay or to put In an appearance has to
let judgement go by default. Later a
judgment summons is applied for, and
falling the attendance of the debtor on
this the judge makes an order for
committal, suspended for a period
within which the debt may be paid. Fail
ure to pay within this period is followed
by imprisonment for contempt.
This imprisonment does not release
the debtor from his Indebtedness In the
least degree and on his release the
problem of discharging his debt is Just
as perplexing as before, and debt has
been swollen by the amount of the
court fees. The majority of the county
court Judges agree that an amendment
of the law Is needed, and among their
recommendations are the following"
That the law should be so altered as
to allow execution to be levied upon
the debtor's goods. That the county
court Judge may provide for the pay
ment of the debt by instalments or
otherwise. That committal orders
should be limited to amounts of over
Recovery at law of amounts less
than 1 should be prohibited.
FORESTRY AXD FINANCE. ' -
The Recent Great Thinning; Out of Tall
Financial Timber.
Wall Street Journal.
As a result largely of the rise -In the
level of moral sentiment, in corporate,
business and public relations, there has
been a remarkable thinning out of tall
timber In the forest of prominent char
acters in this community. One can easily
count a score or more of the names of
men who stood in the first rank of publio
attention when the Armstrong commit
tee began its work with the first public
hearing September 6, 1905. Meanwhila
there has been a vast amount of investi
gation, legislation and litigation. The
puonc attitude toward business responsi-
ao uccume more critical and the
measure of public control over corporate
entemrise has Wn m .,'.. n.. ,
........ .naiciwiij enlarged.
As a part of this transformation many
ml me oiuer personages who had made
careers for ItipmRoii-aa . ,
disappeared from the field. The change
uu uiaue room tor younger growths, and
the end of displacement is not yet.
To follow thA annlnra nf l- - .
- " t-liC LVICSl,
when the monarchs of ancient growth
inse ineir tooting Dy decay or are blown
down by storms, they leave a large place
in the timbered district Into which the
sunlight pours its nutritive powers for 'the
stimulation of the younger timber which
the elanta nf t h o vnnta v. .... l
shadowed. This is what has been taking
piace m tne management of large finan
cial, commercial and industrial institu
tions. Within a couple of years or so,
an old order of things has passed away,
and with it a new era of more critical
stanaaras or ousmess Integrity has be
gun. More light has been let in from the
top. It has called for a type of leader
ship which is more responsive to the de
mands of the age for cleaner business
methods.
It Is enough to say . that this public de.
mand will get what it wants, although it
may have to wait somewhat for all that
it desires. Most of the tall timber has
reached its growth. What is left may
still flourish, but only on condition that
It Is adaptive enough to adjust itself to
the vitalizing requirements of the new
moral sense which occupies the throne.
The failure to forsesee this means grad
ual death at the top, the loss of a grip
on the roots of affairs, and the gradual
dwindling of almost regal power. On the
contrary, the capacity to appreciate the
newer standards of public and business
life is the guarantee of permanency to
whomsoever is given the gift of reading
the signs of the times. Rarely has there
been a time when more large places were
opening for types of men of large pos
sibilities in them than today.
- In "Little Old" New York.
Buffalo Commercial.
What a great city New York is
what a population is constantly on the
move there was illustrated one re
cent Saturday in the tally kept of the
number of persons who passed through
the doors of the Waldorf on that day.
That even the proprietors were aston
ished when the count proved that over
19,000 went in through the eight entrances,
can 'be readily believed.
Son of the Self-Same Race.
Alfred Austin.
What Is the Voice I hear
On the wind of the Western Sea?
Sentinel! listen from out Cape Clear.
And say what the voice may be.
" 'Tls a proud, free people calling loud to a
People proud and free."
"And It says to them. 'Kinsmen, hail!
We severed have been too long;
Now let us have done with a worn-oat tale.
The tale of an ancient wrong.
And our friendship last Ions as Love doth
last, and be stronger than Death Is
strong.' "
Answer them, some of the self-same race.
And blood of the self-Bams clan;
Let us speak to each other face to face.
And answer as man to man.
And loyally love and trust each other, as
none but free men can
Now fling them cut to the breexe.
Shamrock. Thistle and Rose!
And the Star-Spangled Banner unfurf with
these.
A message to friends and foes.
Wherever the sails of Peace are seen, and
wherever the war-wind blows.
A message to bond and thrall, to wake.
Form whenever we come, we twain.
The throne of the Tyrant shall rock and
quake.
And his menace be void and vain:
For you are lors of a strong, young land,
and we are lords of the main.
Yes. this the Voice on the bluff March gale;
"We severed have been too long;
But now we have done with a worn-out tale,
The tale of an ancient wrong.
And our friendship shall last as Love doth
last, and be stronger than, Death la
- strong."
SOCIALIST VIEW OF SINGLE TAX
Woit Lessen Existing; Qovernlng; Ex
penses. Say Sladdesu
PORTLAND, May 14. (To the Editor.)
I start with the assumption that all will
possibly admit that a tax was a certain
sum assessed against tangible wealth for
purposes of government and that gov
ernment was the administration of public
affairs.
From these two definitions I arrive at
the conclusion that there must be some
thing to base that tax upon, and some
one to benefit by the administration of
public affairs. Without the institution
of private property, taxes would be an
absurdity and government inconceivable.
Who needs a government must neces
sarily pay the expense of that govern
ment. Governments are instituted in the
interest of property and property alone.
Starting at the top of the list with one
who has accumulated the greatest amount
of material wealth, and coming straight
down, I find that the person who had
the greatest amount of material wealth
needed the most protection from a gov
ernment, while the person who had
absolutely none would see in government
simply a restrictive agency. Consequent
ly, any system of taxation which could
be regarded as a Just system and it is
only a person who has private property
who is at all interested in a tax ques
tion, except of course as to amount and
how it shall be spent, must necessarily
be based on market values of different
forms of property, on tangible evidences
of wealth. The person who has nothing,
needs no law to protect that nothing..
But as individuals accumulate wealth,
each one seeks- to avoid paying his pro
rata for the protection of that wealth,
and schemes to place the burden on other
people's shoulders. Thua is single tax
borr..
The single tax advocate would place all
taxes on unimproved ' and nonproductive
property, but he falls to tell you where
he would place the tax after they had
confiscated all land not in actual use,
for it necessarily Implies that if all taxes
are placed upon unimproved property this
practically amounts to confiscation if
carried to the fullest extent.
Let me see what would result to the
farmer. The farmer is primarily a man
who owns and tills his own soil. At least
the. ideal farmer of the story-book and
the political platform is he who is in
dependent and has his own piece of land,
of whatever size. unmortgaged and
clear. That farm Is worth a certain
amount stated In dollars and cents, and
that farm, all other things being equal, is
worth just exactly as much as an un
improved piece of land next door to it,
plus the value of the improvements that
have been placed upon It.
Thus, if I had a farm which would
bring in the market under ordinary cir
cumstances, 5000, and an unimproved
piece of land adjoining would bring in
the same market $3000, it would neces
sarily Imply that the value of my Im
provements was $2000. Now. it does not
make a particle of 'difference what law
is passed, if It lowers the value of that
unimproved land from $3000 to $2000, it
lowers the value of mine from $5000 to
$4000. And yet the single tax dodger goes
directly to those property-owners and
asks them to vote the value off their
.own property, and quite likely many will
swallow the bait.
The same thing holds good with city
real estate. Nominal values are only
relative and can be determined only by
comparison with something else.
It is held by alt single tax advocates
that vast holdings of unimproved land
prevent the people from going back to
the soil. Back to the land is their cry.
Nothing could be more absurd. The
migration from the land was not caused
by fences. The number of people who
can and will be supported by the tillage
of the soil is determined not by 'cost
or prices of land, but by the amount of
labor actually required upon the land to
satisfy the purchasing ability of a nation.
When more people are engaged in agri
cultural enterprices than are necessary
to supply the market with its food supply,
then as a necessity the market prices of
agricultural products must full until the
surplus population is driven off the land,
even though that land were as free as air.
It was not the desire to live in cities or
the change in ideals or theories that
drove the- people from the- land to the
Industrial centers, but It was the im
provements in farm machinery which in
creased the productive ability of farm
labor and rendered a certain amount of it
superfluous. The same thing holds good
with lawyers, as a big corporation can't
use as many lawyers as can 1000 small
firms, but there is no room for the
lawyers at present to go back to the land.
Behind every law on every statute book
of every land, lurks some individual or
class Interest. The peanut merchants in
the stores of this city seek and obtain
a law to drive the itinerant peanut mer
chants off the streets of the city, back to
the land. He gleefully claps his hands
on the successful termination of his
efforts, but with rueful countenance will
behold his next year's lease with the
amount of that Itinerant street peanut
merchant's profit tacked on to his rent
for the occupancy of that space in the
great ten-story brick and stone "im
provement." Behind the single tax law, is the pea
nut manufacturer seeking a subsidy in
the form of an exemption from his share
of taxation.
I am a Socialist. I do not care any
thing about taxes or who pays them. I
won't. I know that somebody who owns
something that can be taxed, will. I
know that government Is necessary. I
know that In order to have a government,
there must be a means to conduct that
government. I know that taxes must
come from industry. I know that if all
taxes are taken from one thing, they will
be placed on others. And I know that no
matter what it is put on, It will
be added to the market value of the
article. If the tax is placed on farms,
I will pay more for food and less for
clothes and shoes, and If It is placed on
factories and taken off the farms. I will
pay more for shoes and clothes and less
for food.
I will be a disinterested spectator. I
do not own houses or land, farm or
factory. I work for wages and from
some source or another the tax will be
paid out of what the wage-earner earned
but did not get. They can tax the moon
if they want, and let those who want
to scramble for it. bid on the title. The
farmer who would support the single tax
proposition to make the unproductive
land productive, by forcing it on the
market, would seem to me like an unem
ployed meeting of working men in a big
city taking up a collection to advertise
for more men. THOMAS SLADDEN.
PADEREWSKI'S BEAUTIFUL CITIES
Modest Mention by a New York Paper
of the Artistic Side of Portland.
xNew York Evening Post.
American cities are not proverbial for
their beauty, but the time is coming when
they will be, if we may believe Paderew
ski. That eminent pianist le a close ob
server of many things that do not usually
interest professional musicians. He made
his first tour of this country 17 years ago,
and has Just closed his seventh, which
covered about 35,000 miles. What im
pressed him most on this tour Is. he tells
his friends, what he is inclined to call
"the universal movement toward the
beautifying of cities." He thinks that
there are now more beautiful cities in the
United States than in any country In the
world, if we except the smaller cities of
England; yet the beginning is only being
made. Concerning Memphis, for instance,
he says that "the great, broad avenue
which leads to the park is a masterpiece
of landscape art, and the whole effect is
magnificent." He Is enthusiastic over the
splendid park system of Chicago. That
city, he thinks, bids fair to become one of
the most beautiful In the world. Some of
the cities of the far West have "possi
bilities beyond description." Great trav
eler though he Is. Paderewskl knows of
no city in the world which has a tithe of
the natural beauties of Seattle's environ
ment. He might have excepted Portland,
.Preiun.
BY LILIAN T1NGLBL
THE word "salad" Is one of the most
powerful magic expressions of mod
ern American cookery-more power
ful even than "pie": and that is saying a
good deal, for pie is still a name to
conjure with (especially among men folk)
in spite of the efforts of many writers on
alleged "hygienic cooking" and of the
trend of fashion towards so called "light"
desserts.
Speak of good pie,' and you are sure of
sympathy among at least a part of your
audience; but mention salad, and every
woman present begins to alt up and take
notice, and a gleam of Interest appears
in most masculine eyes. Every one in
stantly begins to tell everyone else his or
her likes and dislikes, triumphs or failures
in this line- to hint at the possession of
certain salad secrets, while trying to
get knowledge of those which any - one
else may happen to possess: and to tell of
marvelous combinations encountered at
famous or expensive eating places. Surely
it Is a magic name, and Shakespeare
must have had an Inkling of this, ven In
his day when salads were ataSmuch
simpler stage In their evolution, for he
makes Jack Cade say. "I think thts word
'sallet' was born to do me good."
-
The origin of salads, historically as
well as artistically, is "all wrap up In
mystery." One well-known writer says:
"Salads were Invented by Adam and Eve,
probably made of pomegranates, as today
In Spain"; but I do not know upon what
he bases his assertion.
Nebuchadnerzar Is regarded by certain
as the original discoverer of the Joys of
green salads; but It Is plainly recorded
that he "ate grass like the ox" unwashed
and unseasoned, and it Is really the
dressing that makes the salad. The as
sertion lias been made that one of man's
proudest distinctions is that of being a
cooking animal and a salad-eater. The
writer goes on to state: "The lion is
generous as a hero; the rat artful as a
lawyer; the dove gentle as a lover; the
beaver a good engineer; the monkey a
clever actor; but none of them can make
a salad. The wisest sheep never thought
of culling and testing his grasses, season
ing them with thyme or tarragon, soften
ing them with oil, exasperating them
with mustard, sharpening them with
vinegar, spiritualizing them with a sus
picion of onion; so that no sheep has
made a salad. Their only sauce is
hunger."
The early Jews, who . ate the bitter
Pascal herbs lettuce, tansy, camomile,
dandelion and mint, combined with oil
and vinegar, knew the wisdom of salad
eating. So did the Romans, who regulated
the use of "garden sauce" by penal
statute.
Any one In search of a really classic
salad may like to Imitate one thus de
scribed In Cowper's translation from
Virgil:
With hasty steps his garden round he sought.
There, delving with his hands, he first dis
placed Four plants of garlic, large and rooted fast;
The tender tops of parsley next he culls.
And the old rue bush shudders as he pulls;
And coriander lart to these succeeds.
That hangs on slightest thread her trembling
seeds.
I cannot say I altogether like his
methods. I think that he should have
used knife or scissors for cutting the rue.
I am sure his wife would be vexed when
she saw" the plant all pulled to pletes.
And there is no mention of his washing
those hands that "delved" for garlic be
fore his next proceedings:
Placed near the fire, he now demand
The mortar at his snble servant's hands:
When stripping all his garlic first, he tors
The exterior coats and ess them on the floor.
In my kitchen he would have been re
quired to pick them up and otherwise
dispose of them.
The garlic having passed inspection,
1 am glad to say that it was "rinsed" be
fore being "disposed within the hollow
stone." Note the next Ingredients:
Salt added, and a lump of cheese
With his injected herbs be covered those.
Then, "tucking with left hand his
tunic tight," he works with a .will and
grinds the mass until the ingredients
,"not wholly green appear, nor wholly
white."
With cautions hand that grudges what it
spills,
fiome drops of olive oil hs next Instills;
Then vinegar with caution scarcely less;
And gathering to a ball the mealy mess.
Last with two flngens. frugally applied.
Sweeps the small remnant from the mortar's
side.
And thus complete In color and in kind
Obtains at last the salad hs designed.
Then, though it does not say so. I be
lieve he licked those "two fingers" and
told his long-suffering women folk that
his was ' the only kind of salad really
worth eating.
s
The mention of garlic in salads re
minds me of an Invitation I once received
to taste "the perfect salad" as made by
one of these wonderful masculine ama
teur cooks. This particular one ought,
of course, to have been a chef. . but had
become a mathematics" professor" by mis
take; and his wife was a charming, silent
woman, with a keen but controlled sense
of humor, who had the knack of soothing
the cook when she threatened to leave
and the tact that refrains from "I-told-you-80's."
For months this man had raved over
the salad concocted by a certain French
waiter in a famous old London tavern.
Then one day I was summoned In haste.
The waiter. In return for a golden sov
ereign and honeyed words, had deigned
to impart his receipt. A special pepper
mill had been obtained from Paris; spe
cial oil from London; and extra special
cos-lettuce from a haughty market gar
dener addicted to fancy prices.
The .professor directed operations, first
In the kitchen where he kept his wife
and me, two maids and the cat, all busy
fetching him things and getting out of
his way; then at the table, where with,
awful solemnity he mixed an ordinary
plain French dressing!
We tasted in silence. "It's good." ie
said, "but I don't seem quite to have
the hang of it yet. There's a subtle
something lacking. Such artists those
French fellows are!"
His wife and I had a conversation
while he was hunting for a cigar.
"Will he eat garlic?"
"No; won't have it in the house."
"Get some and rub the bowl with it
without his seeing it; and you mix the
dressing next time with fresh tarragon
vinegar. Waiters don't always tell all
they know." And we smiled the smile
of the Sisterhood of Balkis. Next day I
saw the professor. "Wonderful woman,
my wife!" I heartily agreed. "Do you
know," he went on. ' "after my once
showing her how, she made that salad
for lunch today; and, by George, she got
it right, first try! Exactly like that
Frenchman's. Just the flavor! Most de
licious thing you ever tasted. Come in
and try it tomorrow."
I did; and his wife and I smiled again
at each other, and held our peace con
cerning gaxiic and all other secret
matters.