6
THE MORSIXO OREGOXIAN. " MOTTDAY. AFRIT. 27, 1908.
M'BHC'RIPTIOX RATF.S.
INVARIABLY IK ADVANCE
(Br Mail )
I!ly, Sur.flny Included, on year "i
I'luiy. e.tirlay Included, m inonlh.... 4 25
I'al'y. Sunday Included, thr mmith.. IM
Ial!y. Ptindiv Included, ftnm mntta....
liaily. without b'undy. am year ...... .ftO
Illy, without Sunday. eix month . . . 23
Tniliy, without Sunday, three month. 1 iS
Ially. without Sunday, on month..... -JO
Sunday, on year - eo
Weekly, on year ilseued Thureda ... I JO
Sunday and weekly, ona year. .. .....- &
BY CARRIER.
Dallr. Sunday Included, ona year JJ
Iiallv Purdav Included, ona month ... . i5
HOW TO REMIT tier, po'otTl- money
order, eipree order or personal check on
your loal hank Stamp, coin or currency
ara at the ender' rik "M pnefftK-e aa
dre In Xull. Including county and atata.
POBTAOB RATES.
Entered at Portland. Oregon. Pestofflc aa
Sei-ond-Oaea Matter.
10 to 14 I"ae f
l to 2 rae
SO to 44 Pee
4t to AO Plf
2. cent
3 cent
4 cent
Forelrn poetase. double rate.
IMPORTANT The postal law are trlrt
Newspaper on which rn.tage I not fully
prepaid ara not for ardad to d.at Inatlon.
EAWTERW Bt HIOXI Of Kit K-
Tha aj. r. BorhwIOi Hpoctal Ar"7-N
York, rooma 4. V Tribune bolMln
co. rooma SlO-ftia Tribune building
CM-
KEPT ON BALE.
CMcas Auditorium Apne! Powtorflc
. I o . 178 Dearborn artreet; Empire New
B'ett.arxll. Minn. N. 81. Marl. Commer
cial Station. . ..
Colorado Aprlnc. Colo-H M T!"1' ...
Denver -Hamilton Kendrtrk. o-ia
Seventeenth treet; Pratt Book tttora, lit
Fifteenth tret; U. P. Hansen. 8. BUra.
"kIScIT M---lcelrer ClBf Co.
fc'inth and Walnut: Yorna New Co
MlnneapoM M. J. Cavmnak.n, BO Couth
Third
( lodrmoti. O. Torn Mow Oo.
Cleveland. O. Jam Ttiahaw. SOT Super
ior afreet.
Uwehtnarlon. n. C Ehhltt Htn. F"r
teenth and F atreetw; Columbia Now Co.
tttt.bur, PH. Fort Pitt New Co
Philadelphia. Pa. Ryan' Theater Ticket
Office; I'enn Nea Co.; A. P. Kemble. 3.35
l,an-pter axenue.
New York Hy Holalina-'e newa atanda. l
Park Row. 3th nd Broadway. 4Jd and
Mroadwar and Rroadwav and l'9th. Tele
phone 374. Plnsle cople delivered: l
.Tone A Co.. Aalor Hotiao; Broadway TO
ater Newa Htand; Kmplre Newa stand.
Oa-den. I. 1.. Boyle; Lowe Bro. 114
Tw.ntv-flfth atrect.
Omaha. Barkalow Bro . I'nlon Station;
afaeath Stationery Co ; Kemp Arantwn.
Iieo Motnea. la. Mono Jai-olx.
rYeano. al. Tourlut Newa Co.
Sacramento. I'al. Sacramento New Co..
IRO K. etreet; Amoa Newa Co.
Kail l ake. Moon Book Stationery Co..
Roeenfeld ilaneen; O. W. Jewett. P. O.
corner; jtrlrtecc Hrnp,
lent Beach. l. B. B. Amoa.
I'aeailena. 4'al. Anna New Co.
Kin Itletro. K. G. Amos.
San Joae. Fmeraon. W.
Honaton. Tet. International Newa Airency
Itallaa. Tea Southweatetn Newa ARent.
344 Main street; also two street wagons.
Fort Worth, Tel. Southwestern N. and
A Altency.
Amarllla. Tex. Tlmitionl Pop.
San Francisco. Foater Orear; Ferry
N'ets Stsnd: Hotel St. Francis Newa Ftand;
I.. Parent; N. Wheatley; rwlrmount Hotel
Newa Stand; Amoa Newa Co.; United Newa
A-ncy. 14S Kddy street; B. E. Amos, man
aif.r three wasone; World N. g.. 2625 A.
Sutter street.
Oakland. '!. W. H Johnson. Fourteenth
and Franklin streets; N. Wheatley: Oakland
News Stand; B. E. Amos, manager five
waaons; Welllna-ham. E. V
(lolrilleld. Nov. Ixule Follln.
Fiireka. Cal. Call-Chronlclo Agency; Eu
reka News CO.
PORTLAND. MONDAY, APRIL 17. 180.
A RIDDLK INSOl.VF.D.
Mr. P. S. Guildford contributed some
very pretty upeculallons upon land
booms to The Uregonian yesterday, but
he did not answer our riddle. We pro
pounded this enigma to the slngle
taxers: "If society may rightfully ap
propriate the unearned increment of
land values, why should It not make
good the decrement?" Our old friend
Hops around excitedly, but he shuns
the dilemma. To show that our ques
tion has point, let us suppose a case
altogether similar to what continually
happens In practice. A man opens up
a wheat farm In Dakota, where he
raises large crops and for some years
the value of his land steadily Increases.'
Then a railroad Is built' Into British
Columbia, where wheat can be grown
cheaper than lu Dakota. "The result Is
that the value ot his land falls off and
he is ruined.
Now. during the fat period of this
farmer'a experiment the single taxers
, would have deprived him year by year
of the increase In the value of his
land. This increase would have been
carefully assessed and he would have
had to pay It over or lose his farm.
He could have retained nothing but
his improvements and the annual re
turns from his crops. Had he wished
to sell his farm at any time the price
would have been exactly what he gave
for it plus the improvements. Then
the lean years come on and all the in
crement for which he has had to pay
in taxtss suddenly vanishes. It was
supposed to be forever fixed in the
land, but as a matter of fact It is seen
to be a winged fowl, which can fly
rapidly and far. We submit that this
unfortunate farmer has been robbed
The values which society compelled
him to pay for were entirely supposi
titlous. mere figments of the imaglna'
tion. and It is manifestly Just that he
should be reimbursed.
Or, even if they were real while they
lasted, Mr. Guildford Is no better off.
' Let us grant that they were real. As
society created them It compelled the
farmer to pay for them year by year
in the form of taxes, so that whatever
reality there was In them certainly be
longed to the unhappy man. Then by
' its own act, without any fault or par
ticipation on the farmers part, so
ciety builds a railroad which destroys
these values. Ought it not to make
good what the farmer loses? Had so
ciety left the Increment untouched we
should have no fault to find. What it
creates It may perhaps rightfully de
stroy in case nobody has been com
polled to pay for It. But to create this
value, force the farmer to pay for It
and then ruthlessly destroy it in his
hands without compensation is noth
lng better than highway robbery.
The slngle-taxers gain a certain
plausibility for their bad cause by res
olutely Ignoring agricultural lands and
keeping their gaze fixed upon city
property. But In reality this does not
help them any. City values fall into
two classes, those which accrue from
the development of society and those
which are due to speculation. The
latter are not relevant to this discus
slon any more than are speculative
prices of wheat br hops. Economists
are agreed that they tend to demor
alize the community and should be
suppressed like all other forms of
gambling, provided that anybody can
discover a way to suppress them. But
with urban values which result from
the growth of the city the case is dif
ferent. There can be no doubt what
ever that society may rightfully take
In the form of taxes as much of them
as may be essential to Its needs.
Here we imagine the whole tribe of
single-taxers to break Into a triumph
ant smile. But we have really con
ceded nothing. Society may rightfully
take In the form of taxes aa much of
all values whatever as are essential to
Its no da, and not one cent more. . We
now rvirt to our former position and
remind the reader that all property re
ceive an unearned Increment exactly
the name aa land, and the rule which
applies, to land applies to everything
ela. -The limit of fair taxation Is the
nds of society, and all property
should bear the burdno equally. To
thla General rule we admit that there
Is one Jut exception. That Is the
farmer's, stock and improvements.
The very existence of society depends
upon their development. Hence It Is
the acme of social folly to penalize
them by lmposlnir taxes upon thertv
TRF.ASIRER PTFEVS FYDEUTY.
State Treasurer Steel was elected by
the people and draws his salary from
he people. During his political cam
paign he pledged hla good faith to the
people, and before he assumed the
duties of hla office he took an oath
which bound him to render honest
service to the people. But when he
secured possession of the public funds
he managed them aa far as possible
for the benefit of Mr. Ross. When the
state tried Mr. Ross upon a criminal
charge Mr. Steel couldn't remember
anything that would help the states
case, but could remember everything
he attorney for Mr. Ross wanted him
to. Apparently he was quite sincere
when he wrote that letter to Mr. Rosa
telling of the efforts that were being
made to get possession of the school
funds. To Mr. Rosa he signed himself
Tours faithfully. Steel."
There are those who will admire
Steel for being faithful to his friend.
Mr. Ross, even though he broke faith
with his friends, the people, who put
him in office through the d'.rect pri
mary, by the way. But perhaps the
direct primary should not be re
proached for Steel's shortcomings.
The people didn't know. They couldn't
know, perhaps. Tet If they didn't
know and couldn't know about
the qualifications of a candidate,
are they fully equipped to ex
ercise the nominating power? No
doubt they will continue to exercise It,
alnce they are willing to be responsi
ble for their own mistakes, and they
must pay for the misdeeds, blunders
and crimes of their public officers.
anyway.
We may be willing to let the ad
mirers of Treasurer Steel's fidelity to
his friend continue to admire htm for
his pitiful exhibition on the witness
stand, if the Governor will exercise,
hereafter aa heretofore, constant vigl-
ance In his lawful oversight of Steel's
bonds and bondsmen.
SALMON AGAIN 8CARCK.
Ten days of salmon fishing In the
Columbia River show the salmon sup
ply still on the-wane. This is the sea
son of the finest salmon of the river
the best in the world. Soon these fish
will be an extinct breed. They are the
fish that made the Columbia River
famous. The few remaining specimens
should be protected with closed sea
son. The open season should be put
off from April 15 to May 15. After
that there should be the closed Sunday
and rigid regulation of all kinds of
gear gillnets. traps, seines ana wneeis.
Master Fish Warden van Dusen
quits his office May 1, leaving the In
dustry hi a bad plight. It is too much
to say that he Is wholly to blame for
this condition of affairs. But the fish
faction with which-he has been allied
Is as much to blame as any other, and
none is more grasping 'and none has
defeated at much remedial legislation
The new Warden. Mr. McAllister, has
had little experience In the fish Indus
try, but may learn. It Is a hard of
fice to fill. Yet it is eaBier filled by en
forcing the law.
Meanwhile the few salmon encoun
ter thousands of net barriers and
snares and the scant ones that escape
have rare good luck. Must this go on
until. tin cans and cold storage have
claimed all?
. PARADOX IN FTWAJiCES.
The financial situation in the United
States is paradoxical. According to
last Saturday's New Tork bank state
ment, the clearing-house banks of the
metropolis held deposits of 11,260,000
000, and the aggregate deposits of
other banks and trust companies In
Greater New York were $832,000,000,
This vast grand total of nearly $2,100,-
000,000 Is the largest on record, and it
has been piled up at a time when there
Is crying need for money for legiti
mate purposes all over the land. The
clearing-house banks alone, at the
close of business Saturday, held a sur
plus reserve of more than JGO.000,-
000, and call money for nearly a
month has been begging takers at
from less than 1 per cent to 2 per
cent. Meanwhile we have begun Bend
lng money out of the country to seek
employment abroad. Last week's gold
exports amounted to $5,500,000, and
the American situation was not In the
slightest degree affected.
That it was absolutely unnecessary
to send one dollar to Europe (or Hqui
dation of any Indebtedness is proved
by the export figures, which for the
first three months of 1908 show an
excess over imports of $256,000,000,
and for the nine months ending April
I an excess of $567,000,000 over 1m
ports, the gain over the corresponding
periods in previous years being enor
mous. In the face of this remarka
ble showing we note that business
failures for the first three months of
1908 numbered 4909, with liabilities of
$75,000,000, compared with S138 fail
ures with $32,000,000 liabilities for the
first three months of 1907. Banking
failures for the first three months of
the year numbered 60, with liabilities
of $70,000,000, compared with 12 fail
ures with liabilities of $7,000,000 for
the same period last year. These
statements thus appear to show an
abundance of money congested in New
York (and conditions are relatively
the same elsewhere), and coincident
with it a tremendous mortality among
business enterprises. ,
Mr. Morgan and his formidable Teti
ne of financiers were unable, or at
least unwilling, to raise the $5,000,000
necessary to save Erie from a receiver
ship, although It was a foregone con
elusion that Erie, in tumbling, would
pull down other properties with it, or
at the best create great havoc in val
ues. But it is not alone the Erie that
Is In need of funds for rehabilitation
and improvement. It has been less
than a year since James J. Hill, in a
remarkable interview at W ashington
stated that it was a matter of vital ne
cessity to the entire country that all of
the transcontinental railroads be
double-tracked, and that it would re-
quire the expenditure of $1,000,000,
000 per year for the next five years to
build and equip the mileage needed to
relieve the congested traffic situation
that was at its height about a year
ago. And now, with the banks burst
log with, cheap money, with hundreds
thousands of Idle men available.
and with lower prices for all kinds of
railroad equipment except that con
trolled by the trusts railroad building
is at a standstill, and will not be re
sumed until hoarders of money are
satisfied that there Is to be a new deal
n railroading.
They not only desire the assurance
hat there Is to be no more sharp
ractlce on the part of railroad ma
Ipulators, but they also would like to
be assured that well-managed, legiti
mate railroad properties are not to be
pilloried and harassed for the sins of
thers which were In contempt of the
Capital is In Idleness (and of
course labor is always idle when cap
ital takes a rest) because confidence
has been destroyed, not alone In rail
road enterprises, but in mining, manu
facturing and other industries. The
recovery will come first in railroads,
because their requirements are greater
than those of other industries, and
after the drastic disciplining to which
the good and the bad alike have been
ubjected, it would seem that the time
had arrived to re-establish cordial re
lations and work for a return of confi
dence which will again place In circu
lation the vast sums of money now
lying idle and forcing an army of un
employed to remain inactive and dis
tressed, . ,
Kmrvo poets. .
Spring poets have come under the
ban of self-respecting folk, for some
reason or other, else beautiful yester
day would have produced a tremen
dous crop of them. Instead, the day
brought forth only grass (or the brute
herd and potatoes for the human.
However, It's the humble things that
make life comfortable. Could a poet
or a sculptor live without butter and
potatoes?
The dogwood Is scattering Its white
specks on the hillside and the wild
currant Is throwing in Its red blooms.
The wild lily Is in the height of Its
glory, and the perfume of the cotton-
wood spreads Its honey smell through
the woods. The alder, elder and hazel!
are sending forth leaves at a fast gait,
and the fir and cedar are marked with
new green tips. All this would be ac
companied by sprouting of the Spring
poets, in any other clime or age. But
they are a banished tribe. They per
ish under the poison spray of public
opinion, like the codllQ moths that die
In their flower homes in the appla
trees.
There are ever so many splendors
for Spring poets to rave over, were not
ninety-nine out of every hundred of
them bores and were the world less
taken with cheese and cabbage. Think
of the panorama from Council Crest;
of the orchard blossoms In so many
places; of the evening star, now
brighter than ever; of the drled-up
ruts In the highway (for everything
ugly has its compensating beauty); of
the happy sunlight struggling Into the
empty squabbling place of the Council
and the Mayor. All things were beau
tiful yesterday, except for those per
sons who dread Heney or the peniten
tiary or the June election.
In a free country every man Is his
own king and every woman her own
queen. So Is every person hl's own
Spring poet. This is as good reason
as any, perhaps, for casting out the
individual who presumes to see in
verse more charm than his neighbors
can. After all, there is no real need
for him. The world is fair whether
loved or not. Beauty is its own re
ward. Besides, the Spring poets make
the editors darken the circumambient
air. And the editors are the fitter
race because they tell the people about
cabbage and potatoes.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC I.AND8.
That the Government's fight to take
away railroad lands from the South
em Pacific in Western Oregon alms
not to open the lands to settlement,
but to add them to the forest reserves.
is considered by many persons as a
likely outcome of the present move
ment. In the East there is an estab
lished public opinion that the Govern
ment has allowed too much timber
land to pass into private ownership
and that private ownership is destroy
ing large part of the timber resources
of the United States.
Not long ago Chairman Mondell, of
the committee on public lands of the
House of Representatives, urged as an
amendment to the Fulton resolution
that no actual settler hereafter should
have claim to land in the railroad
grants under the acts of 1866-70. As
this amendment would have played
into the hands of the railroad, should
the Government fall to wrest the land
away from the railroad, It was reject
ed. Mr. Mondell will now urge the
Attorney-General " to announce that,
pending the Government's suits
against the railroad, none of the land
In possession of the railroad claimed
by would-be actual settlers will be
subject to settlement. Mr. Mondell's
reason Is that this announcement will
guard would-be claimants from play
ing Into the hands of "shyster law
yers under the false notion that their
settlement will give them preference
right to the land if it is wrested away
from the railroad.
The Oregonlan will not venture at
this time to say whether addition of
the railroad land to the forest reserves.
Instead ot to settlement areas. Is de
sirable or not, but to point out the ap
parent purpose of the forces that are
directing the Government's policy.
This $30,000,000 landed estate of the
Southern Pacific contains a vast quan
tlty of timber. In view of the demand
in powerful Eastern States that the
Government shall retain In the public
domain all remaining forests, It
is easy to foresee what this demand
will be as te disposition of the South
ern Pacific lands.
BAR DREDGE ' FnSPET).
With the $1,450,000 provided by the
sundry civil bill for the Jetty at Fort
Stevens, work on that most impor
tant improvement can be carried for
ward both rapidly and economically.
Unofficial surveys by shipmasters and
pilots within the past few months
have disclosed a noticeable Improve
ment In the depth of water on the bar,
and. as work Is continued with plenty
of funds to Insure its completion, the
change will be all the more noticeable,
especially after the June flood sweeps
out to sea. Now that completion of
the Jetty is assured, and the work it
is accomplishing is so satisfactory, it
would be an excellent precaution to
get the dredge Chinook, or some more
suitable craft, at work at the en
trance of the river.
A considerable amount of the sand
moved by the old Portland dredge
above Astoria is said to have worked
back into the channel and drifted
down between Astoria and the bar,
making it a difficult matter for deep
draft ships to follow the old channel
from Astoria to the sea. This sedi
ment should be removed and deposited
where It will cause no more trouble,
and the dredge should also be placed
lu service on the bar while the weather
Is fine next Summer. Regardless of
the excellent results that will be ac
complished by the Jetty, there Is such
an Immense volume of water sweep
ing out of the Columbia River that,
until it is confined by a Jetty front the
north as well as the south side of the
channel, there will always be eddies
near which the sand may pile up
unless it is stirred and kept moving.
With plenty of money in sight for
completing the south Jetty, and prob
ably for construction of a north Jetty,
there Is no apparent reason why the
channel over the bar should not be
scoured out to a depth of forty feet.
But the prominence of the port is so
great and the shipping is Increasing so
rapidly that It would be a wise policy
t. keep a dredge available after com
pletion of the Jetty. In every large
port In the world where It has become
necessary to make harbor Improve
ments dredges are maintained as a
part of the regular equipment of the
port, and, while It would be unneces
sary to keep a dredge for the bar In
service for more than a small portion
of the year, when it would be neces
sary to move new deposits left after
freshet, it could be employed at
other points Inside the bar, and when
not in service would be Inexpensive to
maintain. The commerce of the Co
lumbia River will Increase more rap
Idly In the next five years than In any
similar period in the history of the
port, and It is highly essential that
we be prepared to handle K in the best
manner possible.
An eminent physiologist. Dr.
Romme, a London dispatch says, has
discovered that a boy Is born when the
father is the weaker of the two par
ents, and a girl when the mother Is
the weaker partner. Then he points
out that Kaiser WUlhelm has had five
sons in succession, while the Czarina
had four daughters In succession.
This is rather surprising commen
tary on the Kaiser and te Czarina,
It has been commonly supposed that
each was more vigorous than the other
royal partner. Exceptions to this rule
of Dr. Romme's, however, come within
everybody's experience. Many physi
ologists have thought they discovered
the natural law that balances the
number of males and females, but the
mystery has been Insoluble from the
beginning of man's observation
Breeders of livestock have correspond
ing theories, which they think verified.
but the mystery here is also Insoluble.
In human kind there are known to be
certain psychological influences that
change the ratio one way or the other,
now producing a larger number of
girls and then a larger number of
boys. For example, a great war brings
Increased supply of boys. This matter
of sex distribution has puzzled think
ers in all ages. It Is an interesting
subject, but thus far the results of its
study have been chiefly speculative.
Harnan Singh was only a poor, dirty.
turbaned Hindu of the laboring class,
and, had he remained in India, he
would probably have starved to death
aiong with others of his countrymen
vho perish by millions every year,
But Harnan Singh was a human being,
and when J. M. Dickenson, who was
old enough to know better, his sons
and a couple of other hoedlums shot
into Singh's cabin, near Boring, last
Fall, inflicting wounds from which the
Hindu died, the name of Singh at-
talned a prominence it could never
have reached in India. An Oregon
court has shown to the world that
neither race, color nor previous condi
tion of servitude of the victim will
Justify murder, and Dickenson pere
and one of his sons are facing a life
sentence in the penitentiary, while the
three other accomplices will undoubt
edly receive long terms in the same
institution. The verdict rendered at
Oregon City Saturday ought to have a
wholesome effect on that class of in
dlvlduals who are always interfering
with inoffensive Hindus and other Far
Eastern aliens. .'
Lincoln County is waking up. At a
banquet given by the Newport Com
merciai uiuo Saturday, jiooo was
raised for the purpose of giving pub
licity to the resources of the county
The county, through which the Wil
lamette Valley people pass on their
way to the famous beach resorts
around Yaqulna Bay, is rich In nat
ural resources, and there are few, if
any, more favorable localities In the
state for securing a livelihood without
overexertion. There Is a wide field for
the intending settler in Lincoln Coun
ty, as farming, dairying, stockraislng,
fruitgrowing and lumbering all offer
great opportunities.
Mr. Chamberlain thinks that be
cause he was one of the first cham-
plons of Statement No. 1. Initiative
and referendum, etc., he ought not to
be recalled from the race for United
States . Senator. But did not Mr.
U'Ren, originator of these things, an
swer the recall?
A Tillamook dispatch says that the
long-expected steamer Anvil has failed
to put in an appearance, and fears are
expressed that the opposition steam
ship line will not materialize. The
name of the boat suggests that some
body may have got busy with a ham
mef.
The sale of "Teddy bears" has been
enormous. If Mr. Fairbanks should
be elected President, some enterprising
concern could do an Immense busi
ness by manufacturing miniature ice
boxes in which the bears can be placed
in cold storage for four years.
It
was clear -yesterday the first
Sajnday after wet Easter proving tha
the hard-and-fast rule of seven wet
Sundays cannot spoil a fine Sunday in
Oregon, no matter how many it spoils
elsewhere.
The Government perhaps need not
worry about what it is going to do
with that rallroafl land in Oregon until
It gets the land.
In weather like yesterday's, the
young man's fancy turns to the bud
ding rose and the onion patch.
Latest reports indicate that seats in
Taft's bandwagon will soon sell at a
premium.
If we are to believe the version of
the Shonts folks, only the good Dukes
die young.
Even in death, scandals attaching to
foreign nobility cannot be concealed.
-tmaTIVB AID REFERESDCM
MEAMRF.
SUMBKR 1IL
Whether the number of Supreme Judges
hall be Increased from three to five and
the Legislature shall be authorised to
aboltsii the office of County Judge and
Invest Circuit Judges with probate Juris
diction, Is the question submitted to tht
people hy tfce third referendum measure
be voter! upon in June. The proposed
amendment affects all of article seven of
the state constitution. The article, at
present provides for three Supreme
Judge), as many Circuit Judges as msj
be needed. County Judges, Justices or the
Peace and other officers. The principal
change proposed Is that of adding two
more Supreme Judges and authorising th
Legtslautre to turn over to Circuit Judges
the probate work now performed by
County Judges. Upon such an act being
passed, the office of County Judge would
cease to exist and county business would
be performed by a Board of Commis
sioners to be provided for by the Legisla
ture. The amendment carries an express
provision that sections of the constitution
and statutes now in force upon the sub
jects mentioned shall remain effective
until the Legislature shall provide other-
!.
It is generally urged by lawyers and
litigants that five Supreme Judges are
needed.' There are now three 'Judges and
two Commissioners, the latter performing
practically the same work as Judges. The
Commissioners have not, however, the full
authority of Judges and their opinions
have legal effect nly because approved
by the Judges.
The argument advanced In behalf of
th transfer of probate duriea to Circuit
Judges In that the men elected to. the
office of County Judge are usually sot
learned in law and are therefore not
competent to try and decide the questions
frequently arising from the administra
tion of estates of . deceased persons.
County Judges are. as a rule, chosen, be
cause of supposed fitness for the manage
ment of county business. All Important
estate contests are carried to the Circuit
Courts and from there to the Supreme
Court. Litigation would be saved If the
probate work were performed by Circuit
Judges.
The change to the proposed system
would probably necessitate the election of
one more Circuit Judge, in Multnomah
County. Multnomah Is the only county
In the state having a considerable probate
business and even there It does not re
ceive all the attention of one Judge.
There are 17 Circuit Judges In the state.
Many of them have so little work to do
that time hangs heavy on their hands.
It la asserted by men' who ought to
know, that if the state were properly re-
distrlcted, 18 Circuit Judges could easily
perform all their present duties and care
for the probate work of their districts as
well. In several states, California among
them, the probate work Is performed by
Judge. corresponding In position and
Jurisdiction with our Circuit Judges.
Beyond a doubt, however, the adop
tion of this amendment would be the oc
casion for a strong demand for creation
of many more circuit Judgships for
lawyers who want the offices.
Merry Widow Hat Delays Train.
Pittsburg Dispatch to New York World.
For five minutes the Pacific Express on
the Pennsylvania Railroad was delayed
this morning by a Merry Widow hat.
When the East, Liberty station was
reached a young and beautiful woman
who boarded the train at New York In
dicated that' she Intended to get out.
She put on her new bat and started
through the narrow aisle at the side of
the Pullman car. Suddenly she came to
a stop. The hat was too wide to clear
the passage. She tried to wriggle for
ward but couldn't, and then tried to back
up. But the hat was stuck fast and she
was nailed to it by half a dozen hat pins,
There was great excitement. The con
ductor demanded that the train start.
and threatened to carry the young wom
an into the city.- The porter tried to
shove ber forward, but It was no use-
Then a traveling man suggested that she
take the hat off. It hadn't occurred to
her before. After much trouble she re
moved the hat pins. Then she got from
under the hat and the porter gave it
a yank. The hat cleared the aisle, but all
.the varnish on both sides of the passage
came off.
By actual measurement the creation
was 36 inches over all.
Oldest
Ex-Congreaamnn In America.
Baltimore American. 1
"The oldest living ex-member of the
Congress of the United States is the Hon.
James C. McGrew, of Klngwood. In my
state," said Representative Sturgess, of
the Second West Virginia district, at the
Rennert.
"Mr. McGrew is now 98 years- of age.
He is in full possession of his mental
faculties and would be In good physical
condition but for injuries sustained in
an accident in Florida some little while
ago. He was thrown out of a carriage,
the horses of which had bolted, and both
legs were broken. The surgical work.
It Is claimed, was faulty, and Mr.
McGrew has since been forced to walk
with a cane. Otherwise for a man so
closely verging upon a century he Is in
good shape.
Gentle Hlat ta Senator Fnlton.
' Washington, D. C, Star.
Senator Fulton, at his annual Oregon
salmon dinner in Washington, D. C told
a tipping story.
"In Astoria." he said, "there used to
be an old flherman who brought me
the first of every month a present of a
splendid salmon from his master. I
always gave the old fisherman a tip.
"But one morning I was very busy,
and when the old man brought the fish
I thanked him hurriedly, and forgetting
his tip, bent over my desk again. He
hesitated a moment, then cleared his
throat and said:
" 'Senator, would ye be so kind as to
put It In wrltin' that ye didn't give me
no tip this time, or my wife'll think
I've went and spent it on rum.' "
Candidate Rea-rets His Courtesy.
Indianapolis News.
The usual- situation of one candidate
for office electing his opponent is pre
sented by the official canvass of the vote
In the Fourth Ward of Springfield, 111
T. C. Baker, Jr.. Democrat, was declared
elected over Charles Watson. Republican,
by one vote. Watson admits that out of
courtesy for Baker, whom he expected
to defeat by a safe majority, ne voted
for Baker. It was Watson's vote, there
fore, that elected his opponent. Now
Watson says he will contest the election
hoping to find an error In the returns.
gave Homes of Onr Dead Presidents.
New York Herald.
The home of President McKinley, in
Canton, Ohio, has been sold for $20,000.
Monuments costing many times that sum
have been erected to the memory of .Mc
Kinley. It seems very difficult for Amer
icans to save the homes of their dead
Presidents. Mount Vernon is about the
only one that has been preserved.
Osrnlatton In a University Town.
Eugene Guard.
Girls whp wear the up-to-the-minute
umbrella hats may be kissed while walk
lng around the streets and nobody be the
wiser. For once fashion seems to have
favored the daring man. Get busy, boys
Don't wait until they, carry, tents around.
VIEWS ON PRIM ART ELECTION.
Their Next step.
Junction City Time.
The nemocrat who supported Mr. tut
will support Chamberlain at the June
election.
View ( tha Whs Ola
Fttra.
Oakland Owl.
It Is generally conceded that Senator
Fulton's refusal to sign Btatement No.
1 caused hla defeat.
Cake 12, rhaeaheriala I.
Cottage Grove Leader.
Here Is a r!ous political question;
Who will be first on the ballot at the
June election. Cake or Chamberlain.
Oaly Oae This for Gears De.
Hlllaboro Argus.
The Argus will support H. M. Cake
for Senator. It now remains for Gov
ernor Chamberlain to withdraw from
the raoe for Senator.
Horn I Hnrhl
Colonel Hofer In Salem Journal.
Per Roienfelt Is noch lange nlch
ausgresplelt.
Zlemllrh vlel Schnea rrfallen au
17ten April.
What the Majority Wants.
lone Proclalmer.
There la no uaa of a vote unlees the ma
jority are to rule and tha recent primary
has shown a strong majority in lavor ot
the election by popular vote for united
States Senator in this state.
Take Hla Medicine Gracefully.
Pilot Rook Record.
Well, Mr. Cake, you are one of tha best
men In the state, despite tne tact me
Record wanted to see iMn. Fulton renorm
itated. To be beaten bv euon aa you the
Senator and his friends have no ' kick'
coming.
Are Democrats to Be Taken Serlonalyt
Hlllsboro Independent.
Mr. Cake la a Statement No. 1 man,
true-blue Republican, and the peo
ple choice for I'nited States Senator.
If Statement No. 1 Is taken seriously,
the Democrats are bound to support
him now.
Good Ad vie-. Governor.
Sllvertonian Appeal.
It Is evident that the people want
Cake and the same desire will be man
ifested in June without doubt. Mr,
Chamberlain might aa well heed the
advice of The Oregonlan and withdraw
from the race.
What Chnniberlala Could Have Done,
Jefferson Review.
Fulton Republicans claim their candi
date was defeated by Democrats who reg
istered as Republicans. The Review can t
figure it that way. We believe Chamber
lain could have defeated Fulton much
easier than he can Cake.
JukMds With the Election Law,
Cottage Grove Leader.
Fulton lays his defeat at the primaries
to the Democrats, who, he says, regis
tered as Republicans in order to get
chance to vote for Cake. Whether they
did or not, such a thing Is possible and
an election law that can be juggled with
In this manner is seriously defective.
Fulton Down and Out; Next,
Banns,
Junction City Times.
Mr. Fulton was in position to be of
great value to the state, but he was
turned down. The same thing will hap
pen to Mr. Bourne and Mr. Hawley will
come next, not because he has proven
himself a useful man, but because some
other fellow wants the Job. Alas for
Oregon.
Geography's Deadly Work.
John Day News.
Cake heat Fulton because Portland
Is larger numerically, at least than
Astoria. The results show plainly that
Multnomah can dictate the nominees of
the state and Second District offices If
Portland wants to badly enough to
stand In which It will always do when
there Is anything In It.
Everybody Will Be Good
Dallas Itemizes.
Hereafter,
Fulton was beaten by Cake not be
cause of his political affiliations, no
because of Heney's charges, but be
cause the people of Oregon have dem
onstrated that hereafter we shall hare
clean nolltice. and as Fulton belonged
to the old ring and spproved of -thelf
methods, his defeat was a natural re
suit.
Nothing- to It.
Falls City News.
The election of. Mr. H. M.
Cake as
United States Senator from Oregon Is as
sured. No cleaner campaign could have
been conducted than that Just closed,
and let It be said to the credit of Mr. Cake
and Mr. Fulton that they have left their
supporters in perfect condition for
united support for the election of a Re-
publican Senator In June.
Wanted Fulton, But Cake's O. K.
Cottage Grove Western Oregon.
Without disparagement of Mr. Cake, be
lieving in him that the state has a sin.
cere and able man, this paper does not
hesitate to say that the state Is weakened
1n the Senate in the retirement of Senator
Fulton.
But 'tis done. We must now look for
ward to and consummate the election of
Mr. Cake. In hint we find a man
sterling qualifications, sincere, manly,
honest.
Sot From One Cause.
Corvallis Republican.
The defeat of Mr. Fulton for renoml
natlon cannot correctly be attributed
to any Blngle cause, but rather to a
number of Inconsequential causes
working simultaneously. Least of all
these was the assault ot Heney. Ore
gonians saw the animus of Heney, and
that he had failed to make good. Mr.
Fulton Is an able, active and forceful
man, and the people have not laid him
upon the shelf for long.
Who Is the People's Choice f
MdMinnville News-Re-porter.
So far as the management of this paper
is concerned, it has believed that State
ment No. 1 does not do what it pretends
to do, that it does not under present con
ditions necessarily result in the people's
choice (It did not two years ago), yet at
the same time It has appeared to the
writer all the time to have been a mis
take to combat the proposition. There
has not been the least probability that
George E. Chamberlain could beat the
Republican nominee for the Senate.
From the Colored Standpoint.
Portland Advocate (Colored).
The election will not be held until June,
but even at this early date bets hsve
been laid that Thomas O'Day will de
feat Robert G. Morrow for Circuit Judfre,
and Tom Word will be the next Sheriff,
and so on down the line. But none of
these things can be accomplished by the
Democrats alone, and uniess the Republi
cans go back on their nominees and sup
port the Democratsihey wnl not have a
look in. There is no denying the fact
that the rank and file of the O. O. P.
organization la disrupted and demoralized.
This Editor Is From Missouri.
Oregon City Enterprise.
But, let us think. Suppose Chamber
lain receives the popular vote in June,
which is not probable, will- the Legis
lature elect him to the United States
Senate? Of the 75 legislative candi
dates nominated by the Republicans,
only 34 are Statement No. 1 men. In
the event that ail of the men who did
not subscribe to Statement No. 1 should
Advertising Talks
No. 15
THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF
I0UR ADVERTISING
Bj Herbert Kaufman
Circulation is a fommoditv which
must be bought with the same com
mon sense nsed in selecting- potafvo.
cloth anr real estate. It can be meas
ured and weighed it is merolianilise
with a provable value. It varies just
aa much as the grocer's preen stuff.
the tailor g fabrics and the lots of
the real estate men.
or rook refuses to accept preen
and rotten tomatoes at the price of
perfect ones. She tloes not count the
number of vegetables that are deliv
ered to her, but those that she ran
use. When your wife selects a piera
of cloth she first, makes sure that it
will serve the purpose she has- in view.
When yml buy a pioce of property
you consider the neighborhood as well
as the ground. Just so when you buy
advertising you must find out how
much of the circulation you ran use.
Yon must eoneider the neighborhoods
where yonr copy erill he rrad with the
same thoufrhtfulness that you devotf.l
to selecting the spot where yonr goods
are sold.
A dealer in precious stones would
be foolish to open up in a tenement
district, and equally short-sighted to
tell about his jewelry in a newspaper
largely distributed there. Out of ten
thousand men and women who mipht
see what he had to say, not, ten of
them could afford to buy his poods.
These ten thousand readers would bt
mass without muscle. He could make
them willing to do business with him,
but their incomes wouldn't let them
become customers.
One of the greatest mistakes in pub
licity is to drop yonr lines where the
fish can t tako your bait.
Circulation is, as you see, a very
interesting subject, but very few peo
ple know SDyiliing about it. It would
surprise yrk'to know that this i
noranne oCfcan extends to the business
offices of newspapers. I have known
publishers to continually mistake the
class of their readers and have met
hundreds of them who had the most
fantastic ideas upon the figures of!
their circulation.
While I would not be so harsh as to
accuse them of anything more than
being mistaken, none the less their
tendency to infect others with this
misinformation renders it extremely
advisable for you to become a mem
ber of the Missouri society and "bu
shown."
You don't want a circulation state
ment. You don't understand thes
tricks in their making. Circulation
statements, usually sworn to, are dost
to blind the eyes of the advertiser to
a newspaper's delinquencies in pro
ducing results. Make the newspaper
which carries your advertisement
show you the list of its advertisers.
The supreme test of the advertisinc;
value of a newspaper is does it car
ry the bulk of the advertising? A
newspaper like The Oregonian, which
prints the most advertising, month
after month, year after year, is al
ways the best medium. This is tiuo
in New York, Boston, Philadelphia,
Chicago, as well as in Portland
be elected, then Statement No. 1 will
not have a majority In the Legisla
ture. Will the Leislature. then, with
a Republican majority, turn about and
elect a Democratic Senator? Maybe it
will, but we will have to be shown.
Old Man Bennett's Ride Willi Fulton.
Irrlgon Irrigator.
We rode from Irrlcon to Pemlluton In
company with Senator Fultnn lat Wed
nesday, and had a long talk with him.
He is pretty badly broken up, but. liki
the others who have not hern carried
away by the democratic-socialistic doc
trines with which t!ie people of Omgnn
are now drunken, he is sure that thq
Republicans will soon wake up to sco
that they are simply playing inlo the
hands of the Democrats. The Senator
was beaten by Democrats who registered
as Republicans and voted for Cake.
Sincere f
So Are All of Is Sincere.
Wciton Leader.
The Leader thinks that Chamberlain
should hesitate at the prospect of mar
ring his remarkable record of victory hy
risking defeat in an issueless camnaigu
against a Republican unquestionably so
clean and able and popular as Cake.
Against Fulton he would have had a
splendid fighting chance, but his pros
pects are now problematical. Thereforo
the Leader Joins with The Ore?onian. the
Pendleton Tribune and the Eugene Regis
ter In urging Mr. chamberlain to with
drawwith the difference that it is sin
cere, while they are semi-ironical.
Kaughly Democrats.
Lebanon Criterion. -In
the opinion of many people the Ore
gon primary nomination is deficient and
sadly so. The purpose of the law was to
purify politics and to allow the honest
will of the people to prevail In the nam
ing of candidates for office. The recent
election and past ones clearly demonstrate
that such results are not obtained. There
were many Democrats In the county who
registered as Republicans and voted In
the primaries to pervert the will of the
majority of that party. They have no in
tention of voting for the man in the. June
election for whom they voted in the
primaries.
Froiu the Sage of Santlam.
Seio News.
Senator Fulton is an able man intel
lectually and commands the respect of
his fellow-Senators because of. than
fact. He has, also, proven to be a
Senator true to the Interests of the
people of Oregon so far as securing
financial aid for her rivers and har
bors. But he has aligned himself with
the Interests and the opponents of
President Roosevelt's policies. This
fact, among thinking men had as
much to do with his defeat as did his
generally-regarded dishonorable con
nection with Oregon land-frauds and
bargain and sale elections of.Vnlted
States Senator.