VOL. XLVIII NO. 14,769.
PORTLAND, OREGON, TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 1908.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
PNC T ASSAILED
BY CALIFORMIANS
Question of Veracity
With Forester.
MONDELL RUSHES TO ATTACK
Los Angeles Water Supply
Causes Contention.
PRAIRIE MEN TO DEFENSE
Furions Assault on Extension of
Forester's Powers Ends In Many
Changes Democrats Fllibnstcr
and Aronse Cannon's Ire.
WASHINGTON, March 30. Charge
-of a serious nature against Glfford.
Plrjchot, Chief of the Forestry Bureau,
were made today 1n the House by
Smith of California, and Mondell of
"Wyoming, during consideration of the
agricultural appropriation bill. Smith
accused him of entering into a secret
understanding with the City of Los
Angeles, with a view to securing to the
city valuable water rights in the Owens
River Valley, as against the interests
of private parties having prior claims.
Mondell denounced him for, as he
charged, illegally paying the expenses
of forest officials in attending conven
tions in the West, in which the Gov
ernment had no part, and also for
spending Government money to boost
his bureau in the newspapers. Mr.
Plnchot was defended by Pollard of
Nebraska and Scott of Kansas.
Smith of California denounced the
Forestry Service for attempting to ac
quire the Owens Valley in California.
Outrages by Plnchot.
"If," lie said, "I should state to the
House the ultimate purpose, the liouse
would be shocked. In many ways," he
aid, "the service is doing a great good,
but it is working some outrages upon
certain interests in the western part
tt the country."
He was referring, he said, to the
manipulation of water rights under the
laws of California. He openly charged
that Mr. Plnchot, the Chief Forester,
was trying to secure the water rights
for the use of certain persons against
others who had made earlier applica
tion for the water. There was not, he
insisted, a single element of forestry
in the proposition, and it would be a
sin to give the Forest Service the great
privilege it nought.
Los Angeles Seeks Monopoly.
Pressed ly Weeks of Massachusetts to
explain more in detail "his serious
charge" against Mr. Pinchot, Smith said
that the party he referred to as desiring
to obtain the water monopoly was the
City of Ixvi Angeles. He instated that the
city did not desire the water, "it has not
claimed the water, and it has not asserted
any inteniton of uelng the water for mu
nicipal purposes." The city already, he
said, had a perfect water system, and
simply desired "to sweep in all the water
there and carry it out of the valley, 250
miles through miles of mountain tun
nels, for the irrigation of land adjacent to
los Angeles."
Asked Him to Do It, Says Pinchot.
While the debate was "going on. Pollard
of Nebraska went to the telephone and
had a talk with Mr. Pinchot. When he
came back into the, chamber he declared
that Mr. Pinchot had said that the entire
I'allfornia delegation, "including Mr.
Pmith." had gone to the department "antf
requeued and almost demanded that this
reserve be created for the purpose of fur
nishing a water supply to Los Angeles,"
and that the city was entirely dependent
rn tills supply. "Now." he charged, "Mr.
Smith comes here and tries to show that
the department is trying to create a mo
nopoly." The policy of the department.
Pollard declared, was to prevent monopo
lies rather than to create them.
Not True, Say Californians.
Smith denied that Mr. Pirn-hot's state
ment was true. Ho asked the House to
call on his colleagues to bear him out.
"I never did," said Kahn.
"I did riot." said Know-land.
"Nor did I." remarked Needhatn.
"Nor 1," added Bilchright.
Smith said ho would hunt up the rest of
the delegation and get them also to rise
nd deny Mr. Pliu-hofs statement.
On objection by Mondell. the clause
authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture
to advise and assist owners of "lands
within and adjacent to the National for
ests In the proper care of the same" was
stricken out.
That vast tracts of untimbered land
have been included in forest reserves
was the charge of Smith of Arizona,
who criticised such action. And this
was admitted by Scott of Kansas, but
he said tho Forestry Bureau had given
prompt attention to petitions in pro
test and had released over 12,000,000 acres
of land so Included.
After heated remarks by Gfilnes of
Tennessee agaiast the lumber trust. Mon
dell of Wyoming sarcastically aald that
that gentleman, "for one who had so
Teeently attended a meeting of the com
mittee on public lands." seemed to be well
versed on the subject. This remark
nettled Gaines considerably.
"It's enough," he said, "to wear any
man out to keep up with these land
frauds."
The legislation was not satisfactory to
Mondell, who charged that It had been
the rule of the Forestry Bureau to se
cure . "rather extraordinary opinions"
from the Attorney-General. He insisted
that, if the President had authority to
create a reserve, he had authority to
divide one.
"o Tax on Water Rights.
Smith of California again got the floor
and, speaking of the resolution of the
President that water rights should be
taxed, denounced him for it. "The Fed
eral Government," he declartd, "ought
to be ashamed of itself, if it undertakes
to extort a tax by way of a right-of-way
over a piece of land that is not worth
$1 an acre."
On points of order the following were
stricken out: Authorizing the Secre
tary of Agriculture to divide and desig
nate for administration land reserved
for National forests; making irrevoca
ble for 50 years permits for power
plants within the National forests; au
thorizing the Secretary of Agriculture
to accept land for forest purposes or
to exchange land for stumpage in the
f '
f.. , t,..,. J.,.-r l1IIIIT I
GifTord Pinchot. Chief Forester,
Object of Violent Attacks in the
House.
National forests; covering into the
Treasury and creating a special fund
for the administration, protection and
improvement of the Forest Service of
all moneys received as contributions
toward co-operative work; authorizing
advances of money to chiefs of field
parties for fighting foreBt fires.
Burleson of Texas made a plea for
an Investigation of the best means of
preventing the ravages of the mistle
toe and offered an amendment to that
effect. In doing so he brought down
upon himself a lot of good-natured
gibes. The amendment was lost, 38
to 43.
Mondell Again on Warpath.
More criticism of Mr. Plnchot was
Indulged in when Mondell offered an
amendment providing that the money
for transportation or traveling ex
penses of forest officials or agents
shall not be paid unless such officials
traveled on business directly connect
ed with the Forest Service. Mondell
charged that such officers and agents
last year had attended a convention
in Denver with which the Government
had nothing to do, and that their ex
penses had been paid out of the Feder
al Treasury. He knew it was not safe
to attack the Forest Bureau, because
of the influence it had.
"That Influence," he declared, "Is
used to such extent that men's motives
are bound to be impugned and men
are certain to be attacked in news
papers every time they presume even
to suggest that the service is not en
tirely free from criticism."
Scott protested that Mondell was mis
taken in saying Government money had
(Concluded on Page 5.)
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
Th Weathr.
YESTERDAY'S Maximum temjerature, 47
decrees; minimum, ST.
TODAY'S Showers; westerly wind.
Foreign.
British Hoiine of Commons adopts home
rule resolution. Page 1.
Haytian President again arresting conspira
tors. Fatt 1.
National.
Combined attack on Plnchot In House spoils
his forestry policy. Page I.
Senate Inadvertently prints report on sealing
which attacks integrity of Fairbanks and
many other prominent men. Page 1.
Kaiser says Hill Incident was exaggerated
by gossip. Page 2.
Politic.
Brvan open campaign in West with speech
"at Kansas City. Page 1.
AKLrlch currency bill attacked on all sides.
Page 4.
Itomestlc.
No more bodies recovered from burning
Hanna mine. Page 3.
Kail road 3 forced to employ many men to
repair tracks by reviving prosperity.
Page 8.
Berk mam unknown by Sllverstein, tho anar
chist. Page
Phut down of coal mines makes 250,000
miners idle. Page 3.
New York grand Jury wants facts about
Jackson rent to Governor and legisla
ture. Page 5- m
Sport.
American auto to go direct to Siberia from
Seattle. Page 2.
Beavers eager to begin games at 6 an Fran
cisco. Page 4.
Pacific Coast.
Fulton gives the lie to Heney at Medford.
Page -
Issue on Statement No. 1 clearly denned In
Marion campaign. Page
Commercial and Marina.
Complications In banana trade. Page 16.
Favorable crop weather causes weakness In
grain markets. Page in.
Stock prices sag at New York and London.
Page 15
Exports for March break all records for
that month. Page 14.
Portland and Vicinity.
Portland Methodist ministers favor change
in form of church amusement ban.
Pag 10.
Harrlman attorney suggests glutton of
Portland gateway problem. Page 14.
Paul Morton guest of Portland business men
at banquet. Page 10.
Telephone companies may be forced to put
in fire alarm wires. Page 16.
Republican tate Central committee called
to meet April 10. Page T.
Hearing of suit to break Myers mill re
sumed In County Court, page 7-
COMMONS VOTE
FOR H01V1E RULE
Liberals Join With Irish
on Question.
BIBRELL SUPPORTS REDMOND
Reform Only Alternative to
"Something Like Hell."
ISSUE AT NEXT ELECTION
Redmond Reminds liberals of the
Pledges and Gives Warning.
House Adopts Resolution by
a Majority of Two to One.
JjQNDONV' March 30. The House of
Commons tonight, after a lengthy debate
on the question of home rule for Ireland,
adopted by a vote of 313 to 157 a resolu
tion moved by John El .Redmond, Na
tionalist leader, that "in the opinion of
this house a solution of this problem can
only be attained by giving the Irish peo
ple legislative and executive control of
all purely Irish affairs after the reso
lution had been amended by adding the
words "all subject to the supreme author
ity of the Imperial Parliament."
In introducing the resolution, which de
nounced the present system of govern
ment In Ireland and wound up with the
declaration that "in the opinion of this
house a solution of the problem can only
be attained by giving the Irish people
legislative and executive control of all
purely Irish affairs," Mr. Redmond put
the home rule issue in uncompromising
fashion.
Force Issue at Election.
Redmond declared that an overwhelm
ing majority of the present House of
Commons always had professed their be
lief that the concession of home rule
was the only solution of the Irish prob
lem and that every member of the pres
ent government had given pledges to
this same effect. He now proposed to
put them on record and force the hand
of the Liberal party at the next elec
tion, so as to make an issue of the gratu
itous pledges made by so many members
at the last election not to introduce
home rule during the life of the present
Parliament.
Would Overcome Disloyalty.
The only argument remaining against
home rule, Mr. Redmond continued, was
an argument of force. He said that, if
Ireland is disloyal, so was Canada in
3837, and so was General Botha until the
Transvaal was given self-government.
Mr. Redmond in conclusion asked the
house to give Ireland what has been
given the Frenchmen of Quebec and the
IHitchmen of the Transvaal, and thus
close the blackest chapter in the history
of the empire.
Karl Percy, on behalf of the Unionists,
moved an amendment declaring the
house to be unalterably opposed to the
NO DOUBT
I I
creation of an Irish Parliament with a
responsible executive.
Birrell for Home Rule.
Chief Secretary of Ireland Birrell came
out squarely In support of home rule and
declared that there was not a man in
the House of Commons but knew that
sooner or later there would be a very
Substantial modification In the relations
between Great Britain and Ireland. The
Imperial Parliament, he said, had no time
to attend to the needs of Ireland; there
were scores of vital measures requiring
Immediate and 'constant attention, un
less they were going to allow "some
thing like hell" to prevail in Ireland. If
the Nationalists could bring their propo
sals clearly before - the people at the
next general election, Mr. Birrell said he
t
I f s ; t
I J ; i'fej j
Judson Harmon, of Cincinnati,
Candidate for Democratic Nom
ination for Vice-President.
believed the English electorate would1
rally to their help.
MIKE ARRESTS IN HAYT1
OFFICERS, IMPLICATED IN AL
LEGED PLOT, TAKEN IN.
Fleeing to Consulates for Reruge.
Five in the French, One in
the German.
PORT AU PRINCE, March- 30. Nu
merous arrests were made last night and
today of officers ' u?jected of complicity
in tho latest conspiracy, of which General
Iarraque, chiaf of the cavalry, was al
leged to be the leader.
Squads of soldiers are continuing their
search of houses in quest of fugitives.
Five officers, including Larraque. have
taken refuge in the French legation, and
one is in the German Legation.
DEFRAUD UNITED STATES
Suit Against Montana Surveyors
Placed ou Trial.
HELENA, Mont., March 30. What
promises to be the most sensational cast
tried here in years was begun today in
the Federal Court, when Oliver C. Dallas,
John D. McLeod, former employes of the
Surveyor-General's office, and A. S. Ho
vey, deputy mineral surveyor, were placed
on trial on a charge of conspiring to de
fraud the United States. Three overt ac
tions are alleged in each of the two
counts that falsified notes were fonged;
that affidavits purporting to be that of
deputy mineral surveyors were forged,
and that the notes and affidavits were
presented to the Surveyor-Geenral for
official approval.
HERE ABOUT WHICH WAY
BATTLE IN WEST
OPENED BY BRYAN
No Reforms to Be Ex
pected From Taft.
LA FOLLETTE IS HIS IDEAL
Says Roosevelt Policies Op
posed by Leaders.
NO HOPE IN REPUBLICANS
Declares There Are Many Democrats
in Republican Banks and They
Can Only Gain Desires by
a Democratic Victory.
KANSAS CITY, March SO. Democrats
from all parts of Missouri to the number
of 2000 attended a banquet in Convention
Hall in this city tonight under the aus
pices of the Young Men's Democratic Club
of Missouri, at which W. J. Bryan and
Judson Harmon were the gruests of honor
and principal speakers, and the recipients
of repeated ovations from the 15,000 per
sons who thronged the hall. Each ban
queter paid Jl for the privilege of at
tending. Even the distinguished guests
Insisted upon the Democratic prerogative
of paying for their plates, and the affair
was probably the most elaborate political
feast ever attempted in the state.
Democratic clubs in St. Louis and other
cities of the state sent representative del
egations to the dinner. Among the guests
were four ex-Governors of Missouri T.
T. Crittenden, David R. Francis, Senator
W. J. Stone and Alex M. Dockery to
gether with the present Governor, Folk.
All of the candidates for state offices
were present.
Thf meeting was essentially a Bryan
affair, spontaneous in making mention of
his candidacy for the presidency. The re
ception of Mr. Harmon was no less cor
dial and suggestions promising him high
honors from his party were received.
Mr. Bryan's opening statement that "we
have met to begin the campaign of 190S
and to present those principles and poli
cies Which ought to appeal to Republi
cans as well as to traditional Democrats,"
was the keynote of his speech and showed
the important significance he and his fol
lowers attached to the meeting tonight.
A feature of Mr. Bryan's speech was his
approval of Senator LaFollette as the
Republican candidate for President. He
said: ,
Democrats to Opposite Party.
In this great city on the boundary line
between Missouri with her rock-ribbed
Democracy, and the West, which until 1898
was counted as Republican territory, we
have met to begin the campaign of 1908 and
to present .those . principles and policies
which- ought to appeal to progressive Re
publicans as -well as to traditional Demo
crats. It is only a recognition of a fact
which is becoming clear to all to say that
there is a Democratic .element in the Re
publican party to which a successful appeal
can be made. I might give several in
stances of this fact.- In the first place, what
is known as the Roosevelt sentiment is
strong in the valleys of the Mississippi and
the Missouri; and the Roosevelt sentiment
is not so much attachment to person as de-
HE'S GOING
i
votion to n Idea with which th pern
has Identified himself. And what U this
Idea? It is the idea that conditions are. not
what they should be. Before a remedy can
oe applied the need ol a remedy must be
admitted.
For years the rroocratij party has been
poirrtinff out the abuses which have been
a-rowing under ths Republican rule, hut thos
abuses have been denied by Republican lead
ers, and the country has been congratulated
upon the possession of everything; essential to
its welfare. Republican platforms have been
full of fulsome eulogy of the Republican
party and barren of promises of reform. Even
the platform of 1904, upon which President
Roosevelt was elected, was silent in regard
to the Government evils and gave no hope of
relief. To the surprise of Democrats and to
the surprise of Republican as well, the Presi
dent began to recommend remedial legisla
tion, taking as his guide the platform dec
larations of th Democratic party. He did
not follow in the footsteps of Democracy out
of any desire to compliment the Democrat
or to encourage them, but simply because
the Democrats had pre-empted all , the
ground in front and he could not go for
ward without trespassing upon their land.
R4osvelt Not a Democrat.
It to not stramre that his sufffestlons were
bailed with delight by Democrats and met
with indignation by Republicans. "Whether
the President cultivated a reform sentiment
in the Republican party or only revealed a
.v. .
Augustine Birrell, Chief Secretary
for Ireland. Who Declares for Home
Rule.
previously existing, sentiment we shall never
know, and the question Is not material any
how. It fs sufficient that it now exists,
sufficient that it is so strong that the Presi
dent is praised by the masses just in propor
tion as he assails the predatory corporations
and pleads for reforms that look to the res
toration of equity and fairness in the Gov
ernment. The President is not a Democrat, for he
leans toward Hamilton rather than toward
Jefferson, and he favors concentration of
power in Washington and a centralization of
government, which Democrats regard as dis
tinctly hostile to the National welfare. It Is
proof that the reform sentiment in the Re
publican party is not only large, but militant,
that the corporate interests, powerful as they
are, have not been able to coerce the Middle
"West into the support of any of the Repub
lican candidates who are regarded as reac
tionary. This In itself is the most hopeful
sign of the Democratic victory, for, the
President having aroused this sentiment, the
Republican party must satisfy the expecta
tions excited or lose the support of the rank
and file of the party.
How Republicans Can Win.
Now, what prospect le there that the Re
publican National Convention will satisfy the
urgent demands of reform Republicans? I
venture to predict that no serious attempt
will be made to satisfy these demands. Two
things are necessary to establishment of con
fidence in addition to the repeal of its own
laws and to reform of the abuses which have
grown out of Republican legislation and ad
ministration, and these two things are, first,
a platform specifically pledging the party to
clearly-defined reforms, and, second, the nom
ination of a ticket composed of men imbued
with a spirit of reform.
If In the coming campaign the Repub
licans have an ambiguous platform, filled
with glittering generalities and fragrant
with bouquets thrown at the Republican
party, a Republican President, elected upon
it would be as powerless as the present
President has been. I say powerless for
what has the President succeeded in doing 7
Ha Follette a True Reformer.
There are more trusts today than there
were when he entered office, and be has
never succeeded in getting a law enacted
to strengthen the present law. He has not
Eucceeded in nutting a trust magnate in
the penitentiary, and the only large fine
that has been Imposed has aroused more
criticism than commendation among Re
publican leaders. He has not secured any
traffic reforms, and yet he has been in office
for over seven years. He has not secured
the enactment of the necessary labor leg
islation; has not secured an income tax,
and the Republican Senators forced him
into a compromise on the railroad question.
But even a good platform would be worth
less without a candidate who embodied the
spirit of the platform, and what candidate
have they? If the President had picked out
Senator La Follette, a real reformer, if the
Republican party had rallied to Senator La
Follette's support, it could have compelled
the confidence of reform Republicans. Sen
ator La Follette has a record as a reformer;
he ha fought corporate domination in his
own state for a decade.
Taft Has no Reform Record.
The President has picked out Secretary Taft
and given him the support of the adminis
tration. "Without the support of the admin
istration the Seer eta ray would scarcely have
a state in the country, and with the presi
dent's support he is having an uphill fight,
He has no record as a reformer and his
speeches do not Indicate a definite purpose
or a courageous programme. He may be the
best man the President could find among his
Cabinet officers, but Secretary Tart's super
iority over his colleagues is due not to his
positive virtues, but to the fact that none of
the rest of them has any reform tendencies.
In fact, the widespread reform sentiment
among the Republican masses is not re
flected to any considerable extent among Re
publican leaders.
What does Secretary Taft stand for? What
does he denounce as wrong? What does he
propose to remedy? What would he do with
the trusts? He tells us that he would not
exterminate them, but simply regulate them
What does he propose on the tariff question?
Revision, but not until after election. What
reform does Secretary Taft propose for the
benefit of labor? The laboring men insist
that they are entitled to trial by Jury; but
Secretary Taft went all the way to Okla
homa to find fault with a provision In the
Oklahoma Constitution securing this protec
tion to the laboring man.
What relief does Secretary Taft propose to
give us from the burdens which imperialism
has imposed upon the country? The appro
priation for the Army and Navy has Increased
more than $ 100, 000. 000 since we entered upon
our colonial experiment. Our Army is more
than twice as large as It was in 1890, and
we are still denying the Philippine Islands
the doctrine set forth in the Declaration of
Indopendence that governments derive their
just powers from the consent of the gov
erned. What is Secretary Taft going to do on the
railroad question ? In one speech he took oc
casion to explain that the President was not
(Concluded on Page 3.)
kk&a. i w 3
iftx fi
F
DRAKER
DROPS
BOMB lil SENATE
He Did Not Know That
It Was Loaded.
FIERCE ATTACK ON FAIRBANKS
Accused by Elliott of Deliber
ate Falsehood.
HARD ON OTHER SENATORS
Keport on Sal Herd Proves to Be
Savage Denunciation or All "Who
Opposed Stopping Butchery.
. Foraker Busy Apologizing.
VTASHXN-GTON-. Maich 30. Senator For
aker today obtained leave to -withdraw
from the Senate files a paper introduced
by him on Wednesday last and printed as
a public document, and the order carried
with It the suppression of all the printed
copies of the paper. His Introduction of
the paper last week and the withdrawal
today contained no intimation of its sen
sational character, which still would be
unknown had not several- copies been
given out before It was suppressed.
The paper was prepared by Henry "Wr.
Elliott, of Lakewood, O., and purported
to be the "official record of the loot and'
ruin of the fur seal herd of Alaska." It
was stated In chronological order, begin
ning about 1886 and continuing to the
present time. It . was written in long
hand, closely written and difficult to
read.
Attacks Integrity of Officials.
Professor Elliott had submitted records
of pelagic sealing several times and they
had always been printed as public doc
uments. Therefore, when Mr. Foraker
was asked to have the alleged "official
record" printed, he made the request in
the usual form, and did not take the
trouble to read it. Today he made
apologies to Vice-President , Fairbanks
and several Senators. It was not until
the paper came out in printed form to
day that its character became known.
It was found to reflect upon the integ
rity of the presiding officer of the Sen
ate and members of the Senate, House
and other officials. 1
Charge Fairbanks With. Falsehood.
Passing over 30 years of the "official
records," Professor Elliott dealt with the
work of the Anglo-American High Com
mission in connection with the sealing
question and told of an argument made
by Mr. Fairbanks in opposition to a seal
ing bill before the Senate committee on
foreign relations in 1902-3, when he was
a member of, the Commission. Senator
Fairbanks deliberately tells the commit
tee that this bill is not needed; that the
fur seal question has been agreed to
by the joint cbmmission and only awaits
formal publication when the Commission
assembles. He assures the committee
that reconvening of the Commission is to
take place soon after March 4, 1903. Pro
fessor Elliott then says:
"The statement of Senator Fairbanks
was an untruth in every respect a
square and wholesale fabrication on his
part to defeat the pending bill. Under
the circumstances his colleagues could
not dispute his false reports; therefore
they took no action on this bill, at his
request."
Says Officials Were Suborned.
The official record refers in dispar
aging manner to the part taken by the
late John Hay in regard to the seal
ing question and charges that legisla
tion was bitterly opposed "by the land
and sea butchers of the fur seal herd,
who had suborned certain Senators,
Congressmen and diplomatic officials."
It refers to the "extended trip of in
spection over Alaska" made by Senat
ors Dillingham, Nelson, Burnham and
Patterson and mentions the fact that
no legislation was accomplished.
Fault is also found with the fact that
Secretary Root and Assistant Secretary
Bacon "had done absolutely nothing," al
though informed that a plan of mutual
concession and joint control by the Uni
ted States and Canada "could be success
fully negotiated in six weeks time." The
long record closes as follows:
Why should this Infamous work of the
land and sea butchers of our fur seal herd
go thus unchecked? And that. too. when
the Canadian government asks us to unite
with it on a proper plan to suppress it? No
quibbling; or nonsense about the necessity
of "seetnc" or Bounding JaDan or Russia,
first will bear the light of honest discussion.
Those governments have both been ready
at any hour since 18UT to unite with us on
any plan to suppress pelagic fur seaiing,
which we could nrst get Canada to as
sent to.
EARLY MORNING BLAZE.
Fire of Unknown Origin Does
$3000 Damage on Burnside.
Fire of unknown origin at 2 o'clock
this morning destroyed the cigar and fruit
stand of K. Kawand, 206 North Sixth, near
Burnside. The names extended to the
second floor and did slight damage to
furniture In the Albany rooming-house.
The saloon on the corner was also damaged.-
The total loss is close to J3000.
Kawand's loss is placed at $2000. He
carried $1000 insurance.
Officer James Anderson rescued four
women and a child from the second
story, one of the women being slightly
oversome by the smoke which filled the
upper rooms.
Police attribute the Are to incendiarism.
V
A