VOL. XLVIII XO. 14,749. PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH 6, 1908. PRICE FIVE CENTS. BRYAN THE HERO OF DAY AT Cheers Greet His Every Movement. DELEGATES PLEDGED TO HIM Convention Adopts Platform Which He Prepared. POPULISTS WITH HIM, TOO leader Acknowledges Debt to Allies. Oration and Platform Radical on Ra.il road, Tariff, Trust, Labor and Finance Questions. OMAHA, March 5. Instructing their delegates to "vote an a unit" for the Presidential nomination of William J. Bryan at Denver next July, the-members of the Nebra ska Democratic con vention today made clear officially that his home state will support Bryan pri clples throughout the National conven tion of the party. They followed this action by turning out en masse tonight to cheer a platform which admittedly re flects Mr. Bryan's .views on National affairs and to greet their leader with an outburst of cheering that brought a flush of pleasure to the countenance of the recipient. All the proceedings of the day were planned with an ascending scale of en thusiasm in view. How well this worked out was evidenced by the scenes In tha convention hall tonight. Close to 1000 delegates, hundreds of other active party members and thousands .of" private citi zens hailed Mr. Bryan as "the next President of the I'nited States." Ap plause that- quickly changed to cheers, then instantly turned into wild yells, greeted him when he appeared to begin the speech which wound up the day. During his remarks this demonstration was renewed frequently and at the end was repeated with renewed, vigor. Debt to Populists Admitted. Two points were noticed In Mr. Buan'i speech. In one lie acknowledged his debt to the Populist party and in the other he replied to criticisms of his poli cies which Secretary Taft is reported to have uttered in a recent speech in Okla homa. He said: My creed Is "exterminate the private mo nopoly. A legitimate corporation can be regulated, hut a criminal corporation Is beyond the reach of regulation." Mr. Taft aid I was to annihilate business combina tions, while he declared himself content to reirulate the irreat corporations. I accept this iue. and in reply I will trail atten tion to the fact that trusts have regulated the Republicans, not the Republicans the trusts. Concerning the Populists he said: If any Democrat has a prejudice against rnpullts, I would admonish him that a ropullat who crosses the road to vote for a Democrat Is not to be despised by a Democrat who has merely to vote the ticket of his own party. Drives Points Home Hard. Mr. Bryan was in splendid voice. As he warmed to his subject, he emphasized his points with clenched fists and stamp ing foot and drove his arguments home with a vocal vigor that carried his tones to the farthest corners of the big audi torium. He began his address at 9:30 o'clock and for nearly two hours preached Demo cratic doctrines to a willing congregation. After a review of his early political struggles In Nebraska, he thanked the delegates for their action in Indorsing him for the Presideney. Then came his reference to the Populists and thanks for the indorsement of their state convention here today. He said further: Republicans and Trusts. Our trouble used to be to persuade the Republican to aoceot Democratic policies; our work now ia to expose the Imitation by them of Democratic ideas and to point out wherein they come short In their effort to appropriate Democratic doctrines. Take for Instance the trust question. We had. drf rlouUy In convincing the Republicans that there were trusts. Now they admit trusts em 1st. We had difficulty In convincing them that criminal law should be enforced against trusts; now they admit tt should h enforced, but fall to enforce It. Insofar s they have acted against the trusts at art, they have acted along the lines laid down-by the Democrats, but the trust maR nMrs are still at large, the truMs arc still flourishing 'and even the supporters of Mr. Taft have no speolfk remedifS to offer re Itef. and. trusts arise while Republicans are boasting of their crusade against them. Same Old Tariff Promise, On the tariff question the Republican leaders now admit that tariff reform Is now necenry, but a careful rVadtng of their promise shows that they ute lan guage identical with that employed In for mer platforms, which have been the basis for the present extortionate rates. What reAson have we to believe their promises are worth more now than they have been in the ptst -io yers? The Republicans now admit that railroad legislation has been needed and et for ten years the Republican party allowed itnelf to be overawed by the railroad lobby at Wash ington, and having, with the aid of the 1 Democrat, secured a little relief, the Re publican leaders now rely upon what has been d'tne and outline no programme for fun her legislation. Tnrter Republican rule the relations be ter capital and labor have become more and more strained, and yet the Republican leader resist each attempt to bring em -pJovr and employee into more harmonious relation. Instead of applying American ideas to the Philippine quxtion. ( he Republican lendera Imitated the empires of the old world and entered upon a colonial policy whih ha involved us In enormous expense. Vrotight us weakness instead of strength and humiliation Instead of glory. Wall street Runs Finance. The present financial stringency is an mber Illustration of Republican incompe tency. Ia the, full poeeeeeion of power. It jaa allowed the country to be run by Wall- 01 street financiers and In the cruris Is Impo tent to do more than furnish money out of the public treasury to support the mar ket. It has made no effort to stop gamb ling the fruitful cause of panics; It has made no effort to furnish Government notes for an emergency, and it baa made no ef fort to protect depositors. The Democrats face the future with hope and their hope rests on a firm foundation. Democratic policies hare grown in popular ity as the voters have become better ac quainted with the evils to be remedied. Another reason for hope la to be found In the fact that the Democratic party la unit ed, while the Republican party Is divided. A third cause for hope is to be found In the moral awakening. Never within a gen eration baa there been such a stirring of conscience and the sense of justice Inher ent in the people has made sensitive to the domestic appeal, which 1 essentially an ap peal for justice. CONVENTION AM FOR BRYAN Every Move in His Interest and Platform His Own. Making. OMAHA, Neb., March 5. This was "Bryan day" In Omaha. For that mat ter, it was "Bryan day" , throughout Nebraska. With the Democratic state convention as a nucleus, party leaders frcm every county and practically every primary district in the common wealth gathered here to pledge al legiance to the Presidential aspira tions of Mr. Bryan and to consider means for furthering his interests be fore the Democratic National Conven tion at Denver next July. 'Enthusi asm was prevalent throughout the day. It broke loose early in the afternoon session of the convention ad, gradu ally gathering volume, brolce out in tumultuous vociferations when -at the beginning of the evening session the platform committee presented this resolution: Delegates) Unit for Bryan. The Democratic party of Nebraska again declares confidence In and. admiration for William J. Bryan. In him we behold the ideal American citizen, the Ideal Democrat. We rejoice that the principles) whlh he has advocated have been gladly received and are now generally accepted by the America a people. Resolved that the delegates by this con vention chosen be and are hereby instruct ed to vote as a unit for the nomination. of Bryan for the Presidency. Platform Built by Bryan. The platform as a whole was large ly Mr. Bryan's own work. ' That It re flected the leader's views as to what should form the issues upon which the party should go before the country next Summer was not denied. Mr. Bryan, however, said that the declara tions of the platform were necessarily Incomplete; that some subjects which would undoubtedly be included in the National platform were omitted, while others were treated in the Nebraska document in a purposely brief manner so as to aUow amplification at Denver. The platform advanced little that was new. The Fowler and Aldrich currency bills were condemned. Emer gency currency. It was declared, should b "issued and controlled by tho Fed eral Government, Jsnmediatj revision of 'the tariff was emphasized as a necessity, the "standpat" policy being ridiculed in terms that made the dele gates shout with laughter. A straight declaration in opposition to Asiatic Immigration and a clause favoring the eight-hour working day were decided ly popular. So. too, were the para graphs favoring extension of irriga tion and reclamation projects. Xo Mention of Ownership. An indorsement of the Drago doc trine, Insofar as that doctrine applies to the Un i ted States Navy, and a declaration that jury trials should be granted defendants In 'contempt cases where th'e alleged offense was com mitted outside the presence of the court caused some notice. One of the well -applauded clauses was that deal ing with anarchy. There was no reference to Govern ment ownership in the platform; neither was there a "personal liberty" clause therein. The platform says: Curb Predatory Wealth. We rejoice at the Increasing signs of an awakening- In the United States. The vari ous Investigations have traced graft and po litical corruption to the representatives of predatory wealth, and laid bare the unscrup ulous methods by which they have de bauched elections and preyed upon a de fenseless public through the subservient officials whom they have raised to place and power. The conscience of the Nation Is now aroused and will. If honestly ap pealed to. free the Government from the grip of those who have made It a business asset of the favor-seeking corporations; It must become again "a government of the people, by the people and for the people." and be administered in all Its departments according to the Jefferaonian maxisn, "equal rights to all and special privileges to none.' This is the over-shadowing Issue at this time: It manifests Itself In all the questions now under discussion, and demands Imme diate consideration. We beaxtlly approve of the laws prohibit ing the pass and the rebate and Insist upon, further legislation, state and National, mak ing It unlawful for any corporation to con tribute campaign, funds, and providing- puht llcation before the election of all individual contributions above a reasonable minimum, estate Rights to Be Vpheld. Believing, with Jefferson, in the support of the state governments in all their rights as the most competent administrations for our Democratic concerns' and the surest bulwark against antl-Republlcan tendencies, and In "the preservation of the General Government In Its whole constitutional vigor as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad," we are opposed to the centralisation Implied In the suggestions now frequently made that the powers or the General Government should be extended by judicial construction. While we favor the exercle by the General Government of all Its constitutional authority for the pre vention of monopoly and for the regulation of interstate commerce, .we insist that Fed eral remedies shall be added to. and not substituted for, state remedies. We Insist upon the recognition of the dis tinction between the natural man and the artificial person called a corporation andi we favor the enactment of suvh law as may be necessary to compel foreign corpo rations to submit their legal disputes to the courts of the states n which they do busi ness and thus place 'themselves upon, the same footing as domestic corporations. - How to Prevent Monopoly. We favor the election of United States Senators bT direct vote of the people and regard this reform as the gateway to all other National reform. A private monopoly Is indefensible and Intolerable. We therefore favor tne vigor ous enforcement of the criminal law against trusts and trust magnates and demand the enactment of such additional legislation as may be necessary to make It lmpossfble for a private monopoly to exist In the United States. Among the additional remedies we specify .thre: Ktrst A law preventing the duplication of directors among competing corporations. Second A license system which will, with out abridging the right of each state to create corporations, or its right to regulate as it will foreign corporations doing busi ness within its. limits, make ft neceFary for a manufacturing or trading corpora tion engaged In interstate commerce to take (Concluded on Page ) OTHER NATIONS . FEAR OUR POWER Regard Roosevelt as Military Genius. . THEY RESPECT HIS POLICIES Is Putting Definite Policy for Army h Effect. NAPOLEON'S MAXIM IS HIS Believes In Concentration of Forces Against Part of Enemy Will Keep Fleet Together on Same Principle. Walter Wellman to th Chicago Record- Herald. WASHINGTON, March 5 (Special.) Now that there 1 so much talk of the inefficiency of the American mili tary establishment, both Army and Navy, and the International air is filled with rumors of impending war be tween Japan and China, with all Its possible consequences to the general peace, every American citizen who loves his country Is Interested In this question: Do foreign nations look upon the United States as a weak and inefficient military power? The answer Is that they do not. They do not subscribe to the current criticism of our Army and Navy. To the contrary, they hold our entire mili tary establishment In -high esteem. They respect it strength, its tech nique, its efficiency in all departments. Its officers and Its rank and file. And, above all, -they admire, and in a purely military sense, fear the policy which directs it, namely: the policy of our constitutional and actual Commander-in-CbJcX. of the Nation's Army and Navy. .,.,.- Fear Roosevelt's Genius. '"No nation wants war with the Unit ed States, ever," said a member of the Diplomatic Corps' in discussing this question with me, "but most particu larly none wants war with your coun try while Mr. Roosevelt ia in the White House. "You ask why? It is very simple. We know something of his policies and they command our respect. We know that, if your country should become involved in. a foreign war while Mr. Roosevelt is Presi dent, . he would actually take command, and he is a military leader of extraordi nary ability. It is no secret here, it. cer tainly is not with us, whose business it is to study these things, that Mr. Roosevelt NOT YOUR I has a distinct and definite military policy, one which he would put Into execution If the opportunity ever arose. It Is a policy which no nation In the world would like to struggle against." His Policy Is Xapoleon's. From this and other' sources I learned what the policy of the President la, and I find it interesting.- It is the policy of con centration, of centralization. It is a pol icy based upon Napoleon's maxims: "If you try to protect everything; you lose everything. Keep your power together and strike a part of the enemy with it." , If we were to have a war while Mr. MRoosevelt is in the 'White House, which. fortunately, we shall not, . the President would probably be the most abused man that ever occupied the White House, for he would apply his military policy to the letter. For example. If the enemy's fleet menaced New York, the American fleet would not be sent to protect that port. It would be maneuvering in solid column for William J. Bryan riedsed the Vote of Nebraska Democrat for President on a Platform of His Own Making the chance to strike the enemy on the Na poleonic principle. New York would go mad. , Concentration. Now in Force This concentration policy of the Presi dent Is already in force. Three months ago naval officers thought a part of our fleet would be left in -the Pacific. On their representation I wrote something: about that being possible, but it was wrong. President Roosevelt has issued his orders. The fleet stays together. ..Wher ever it goes, it all goes. As Jons jisir. Roosevelt i? r, the -'White usa, Ameri can nvl iw-ver will not beplitup into small units, f there were to be war, the Army would be disposed on the same principle. HANDY GETS NEW RECORD Hundred-Yard Swim in Fast Time at Xew York. NEW YORK, March 5. Swimming in his best form in the lflo-yard race, breast stroke, at the sportsmen show in -Madison Square Garden tonight, (Henry J. Handy, of the Illinois Athletic Club. Chi cago, established a new world's record at this distance and style, making the 100 yards in 1:17 3-5. CHILDREN, PERHAPS; BUT - it, - -n f JAPAN PREPARED TO COERCE CHINA Bent on Humiliation of Proud Empire. MUST SURRENDER ABSOLUTELY Rejects Partial Concessions Regarding Steamer. INDEMNITY IS DEMANDED Attempt to Retain Captured Arms Causes Threat of Force, Though Surrender of Steamer and Apology Are Offered. TOKJO, March . (Noon.) The Asso elated Press was informed this morning; that negotiations with China, in the mat ter of the seizure of the Japanese steamer Tatsu, had not reached the ultimatum stage yet and tt was stated that Minister Hayashi at Pekin had not been instructed to that effect. It is also believed that Minister Hay ashi has not made any threat to use force. It Is admitted, however, that In the event of China's falling to yield, only one course is possible. The cabinet meeting: which was to have been held tolay has been postponed to Saturday, owing to the absence of Foreign Minister Hayashi, who is duck shooting In the country. MUST SURRENDER CARGO, TOO Hayashi Accompanies Demand With Threat of Force. TOKIO, March . 5. Public opinion has been aroused in Japan concerning the seizure" of the steamer Tatsu by the Chinese authorities at Macao, February T. Special cablegrams just published in an extra edition of the Jijl state that China offers to release the Tatsu and apologize, but proposes to hold the cap tured munitions pending an investigation by a mixed tribunal. Minister, Hayashi, it Is reported, posi tively refused to consider the proposition and'sald the vessel and ber entire cargo must be unconditionally restored. It is further said, that Minister Hayashi, acting under Instructions from the home government, late last night, sent the first secretary to the Minister of Foreign Af faire with the statement that. In view of the attitude of the Chinese govern ment. It only remained for Japan to pro ceed in such manner as would uphold her dignity and protect her interests. The newspa-pers in their editorials .today urge the government to stand firm. The sentiment of the Foreign Office re- SOMEBODY'S malned unchanged and K is evidently determined not to yield a single point. It repeated today the statements formerly made to the Associated Press that it would demand an apology and an Indem nity. The cabinet council today may consider -the question as to the future, but among the highest officials it is believed the matter will be settled without re sorting to force. China's propositions are considered tant amount to a complete surrender. The question of cargo Is regarded as merely a minor one and H is, therefore, thought China will yield eventually. VICEROY HOLDING STEAMER Has Proof of Charges and Believes Japan Bluffing. HONGKONG, March 6. The Japanese steamer Tatsu is still held at "Whampoa, in the Canton River. The "Viceroy of Kwang Tung la determined to hold the vessel In spite of orders from Pekin to settle the matter a.aicably. It is said that valuable witnesses have been found to sustain the contention of the Chinese officials. ' It has also been discovered, it is said, that a junk has been employed by smugglers in convey ing arms into the interior. The naval officer who obtained the information has been rewarded. The Chinese public is convinced that Japan is playing a game of bluff and that the arms on the Tatsu, which were consigned to Macao, were intended to be afterward disposed of to revolu tionists. CHINA MUST BUY THE CARGO Japan Aroused by Seizure of Steamer and Insult to Flag. PEKIN, March 5. Baron Hayashi, the Japanese Minister to China, yester day handed to. the Chinese . Government Japan's refusal to accept China's pro posal to appoint a joint Japanese and Chinese Commission to examine all the charges. In the meantime releasing the Tatsu Maxu under bond. Japan's de mands are, first, the unconditional re lease of the steamer, and, second, an arrangement to protect the shippers from loss. This second proviso means that China must buy the cargo on board the Tatsu Maru. Today. China, proposed arbitration by Vice-Admiral Sir Arthur William Moore, Commander-in-Ghief of the British China station, but . Japan refused these overtures also, and has warned the foreign board that such proposals are unwelcome. She- again- expressed her desire for the release of the vessel, failing which she said she would take the steps necessary to secure this re lease. Japan resents hotly the fact that sol diers of the Viceroy of Canton boarded the Tatsu -Maru and hauled down the Japanese flag, when, according to the Japanese, the. steamer .was waiting off Macao for a turn of the tide. The steamer's papers show that she was on hir "way -to bi.v&., S-ujwiimnwWffr the Viceroy, Chang Jen Chun, claiming authority under a former treaty be tween China and Portugal (Macao Is a Portuguese dependency), had the ves sel arrested in Macao waters. This is according to the Viceroy's statement, but it Is questioned whether the steam er was actually In Macao waters. It is understood that the Pekin au thorities would have released the Tatsu Maru because of the reasonable doubt as to the legality of the Viceroy's pro ceedings, coupled with the menace of (Concluded on Page &.) CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER The Weather. YESTERDAY Maximum temperature, 48 degrees; minimum temperature, 37 de grees. TODAY Fair, westerly winds. Foreign. Japan threatens to use force unless China surrenders absolutely. Pag-9 1. Leopold withholds private concessions In Congo treaty. Pace 1. National. John ' McCouTt recommended far District Attorney by Oregon delegation. Page 1- Forelgn diplomats ' discredit stories of our military weakness and consider Roose velt military genius. Page 1. Politic, Nebraska Democratic Convention becomes ovation to Bryan. Page 1. Bryan writes Nebraska, platform and makes speech on campaign Issues. Page 1. Southern Pacific prevents Indorsement of Taft in Nevada. Washln gton Post d iscusses IT Ren' s candi dacy. Domestic. Experts on Oriental Bank of New York re port fraud by wholesale. Page 4. Hamilton tells how Vidaver blackmailed him. Collin wood people learn cause of disaster and prepare to bury dead. Page 5. Wiley denies denunciation of abstainers from liquor. Averbuch is burled: theory of anarchist conspiracy evploded. Page 7. Railroad attorneys make argument in lum ber rate case. Page 7. Receiver appointed for Western Maryland road on account of rate law. Many co-respondents named by both sides in Batonyl divorce case. Sport. - Beavers begin practice at Santa Barbara. Page 12. Cedrlno. wins Ormond auto race and breaks world's record. Page 5. Pacific Coost. Mrs. Hanburg gives sensational testimony in divorce suit. Page 4- Oakland poolseller .convicted of tempting girls to gamble. Washington faculty forbids juniors to pro duce love drama because professors are made leading characters. Page 6. X R. & NVs wheat demonstration train creates great entHusiaem In Pa louse towns. Pag ft. New features In Jahn-Pierce tragedy. Page 6. , Commercial and Marine. Free buying of hope for export. Page 17. Sharp fluctuations In Chicago wheat mar ket. Page 17. Better undertone in stock market. Page 17. Rvnue cutter MtcCullocb at Astoria. Page 16. Portland and Vicinity. Vile smelling chemical spilled In Jones Hall breaks up U Ren-Fording debate. Page 12. Portland public schools generally well pro tected against firs and panic. Page 10. Idabflltles of Oregon Trust bank reduced bT 5O0,0OO. Pags 14. Fumluir-ofllers on oath deny existence of trust. Page 10. Jodgw Bronaogb advocate change In the Hquor laws. Page XI. Purchasers- of railroad grant lands oppose Fulton resolution. Page 13. Automobile Club discusses road problem at annual banquet. Page 11. BulVdlrvflr operations on Mount Hood line to be resumed. Page L2. 'COURT CHOSEN TO BE ATTORNEY Oregon Delegation at Last Agrees. YOUNG PENDLETON LAWYER Bourne Gives Formal Consent After Decision. AGAIN TRIES FOR DELAY Colleagues Give Him as Hough treatment as He Gave Them. Appointment and Confirma. tlon Will Soon i'ollow. OREGONIAN XVS BUREVA.U, "Wash ington,. March o.-John McCourt, of Pend leton, who was a student at Willamette University under Representative Hawley,1 whq prai-ticed law before RepresentativB' Ellis, as Judge, who is a. warm personal! friend of Senator Fulton, but. who is ab-l solutely unknown to Senator Bourne, wasj today unanimously recommended by the' Oregon delegation for United States Dts- trict Attorney. His nomination Is ex-j pected next Monday and, if it material-l lies, he will be promptly confirmed. This morning Mr. Kulton endeavored to get the delegation together to call on the President and discuss the District At torneyship. Mr; Bourne declined to go and Mr. Hawley was unable to go, as he was obliged to appear with the Attorney General before the sub-committee hav-! lng in charge Mr. Pulton's Oregon & Cal-' lfornia land grant resolution, so Mr.j Fulton and Mr. Ellis went alone. The President was very anxious that the dele gation act promptly in submitting Its recommendation, so the meeting was held this afternoon In Mr. Fulton's room. Mr. McCourt's selection was . the result. Bourne's Consent Forniul. buv as anticipated, undertook further to postpone action. In this he was unsuc cessful, for his colleagues were as anxious as the President to have the matter' cleared up, and they very quickly agreed upon Mr. McCourt as a man thoroughly' competent to fill the office and one who, it Is believed, meets all requirements im posed by the President. Mr, Bourne's acquiescence was purely formal, for, as stated, he does not know Mr. McCourr.i If he had other preferences, he 'did not' make them known. The recommendationof Mr. McCourt not only prevents Chris Schuebel's ap- j pointment as successor to W. C. Bristol, ' but also makes it impossible for him to I become Assistant District Attorney. Had ,' T. J. Cleeton been appointed, Mr. Schue-i bel would have been his assistant. Now ! he gets nothing. Rough Treatment for Bourne. While no member of the delegation ! will discuss the inside of today's confer ence. It Is apparent that Mr. Bourne's colleagues administered to him a sound spanking. When Mr. Bourne stood ace high at the White House he took ad vantage of that fact to embarrass his colleagues by recommending Schuebel, in violation of his agreement to abide by majority rule. Today Mr. Bourne could not get Mr. Schuebel appointed, if his J colleagues should withdraw and give him j tne unnamperea right to recommend a District Attorney. He has fallen from grace at the White House. His eternal third-term clamor has destroyed his in fluence. But when Mr. Bourne had It in his power, he rode rough-shod over Mr. Fulton. Mr. Hawley and Mr. Ellis; today they rode over him. Prmopt Action Assnred. After the recommendation of Mr. Mc- j Court had been written out and signed, I the entire delegation called on the Attor-f ney-General orally to urge his appoint-1 ment. The Attorney-General expressed ! gratification that it had agreed and, J while he made no promises, left it to be : Inferred that the delegations'- recommen- v datlon would be speedily acted upon. It can be said on authority that at no . tirae since Mr. Bristol's nomination was i withdrawn has there been the slightest j Intention of reinstating him. The Presi- ' dent could not reinstate him without of- i ferlng an affront to the Attorney-General ' and it is ridiculous to suppose that the President would virtually force retire- j ment on a member of his Cabinet for any i such cause. ' r M'COITRT DIDX'T ASK FOR JOB Selection Comes Without Effort on His Part His Career. PENULiETON'. Or., March 5, (Special.) Attorney John McCourt, of this city,' who was unanimously recommended by; the Oregon delegation for United' States District Attorney for Oregon, is 34 years' old. He Is City Attorney and Deputy! Prosecuting Attorney for the Sixth Judic-' lal District. He has been engaged In the practice of law for 12 years, since hisj graduation from the law department of. the Willamette University, at Salem, and' was a member of the Legislature for one! term. He has never keen mixed up In any fac-! tional fights and has never been an at-' tomey for persons accused of land frauds. He has made a splendid repu tation as an attorney, especially as a prosecutor, and no man in Pendleton stands higher in the estimation of his fellows. Universal regret has been ex- (Ooadnded on- Pace T-)