THE MORNING OREGOXIAN. WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 21, 1907.
$10,000
Be
Given
or Mor
way
to
TEACH YOUR
CHILDREN
TO SAVE
A boy with a bank account, and
that bank account drawing interest
and getting bigger all of the time,
feels more like a man than the boy
who spends, every nickel he gets as
soon as it comes to him. The boy
who can save his money when other
boys are spending theirs in strength
ening that will power which will en
able him as a man to be a sober,
steady business man while others
become drunkards and spendthrifts.
Here Is an Effort Which the
GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK
OF PORTLAND
- Is making to advertise itself and at the same
time stimulate habits of thrift and economy
among the people of Portland and vicinity
Your kilted son aspires to
trousers.
Your trousered son as
pires to manhood.
Your manly son aspires
to wealth.
Layvthe foundation for it
in the kilted youngster.
Open a bank account for
him and urge him to
add to it.
There's more than wealth
to be gained by it.
very Man, Woman
Participate
Full Page Announcement of Plan in Sunday Oregonian, August 25
ANSWERS
WALL
STREET'S HOWL
(Continued from First Pare.)
does It honestly and fairly. If he gets It
ac the result of special skill and, enterprise,
as a reward of ample service actually ren
dered But there is a growing determina
tion that no man shall amass a great for
tune by special privilege, by chicanery and
wrongdoing, so far as it is in the power
of legislation to prevent; and that the for
tune when amassed shall not have a busi
ness use that Is anti-social. Moat large cor
porations do a business that la not confined
to any one state.
Experience has shown that the effort to
control these ccrporatlons by mere state
action cannot produce -wholesome results.
In most cases such effort fails to correct
the real abuses of which the corporation is
or may be guilty; while In other cases the
effort Is apt to cause either hardship to
the corporation itelf, or else hardship to
neighboring states which have not tried to
grapple with the problem in the came man
lier , and of course we must be as scrupu
lous to safeguard the rights of the cor
porations as to exact from them In return
It full measure of justice to the public-
Favors National Incorporation Lav.
I believe in a National Incorporation law
for corporations engaged In Interstate busi
ness. I believe, furthermore, that the need
for action Is most pressing ae regards those
corporations which, because they are com
mon carriers, exercise a quasi-public func
tion, and which can be completely con
trolled, in all respects by the Federal Gov
ernment, by the exercise of the power con
ferred under the interstate commerce clause,
and. If necessary, under the post-road
clause, of the Constitution. During the last
few years we hare taken marked strides in
advance along the road of proper rgula- i
tlon of these railroad corporations; but we
must not stop in the work. The National
Government should exercise over them a
similar supervision and control to that I
which It exercises over National banks. We i
can do this only by proceeding farther along I
the lines marked out by the recent National
legislation. J
In dealing with any totally new eet of
conditions there must at the, outset be hes
itation and experiment. Such has been our
experience in dealing with the enormous
concentration of capita employed In inter
state business. Not only the legislatures
hut the courts and the people need gradu
ally to be educated so that they may see
what the real wrongs are and what the
real remedies.
Almost every big business concern is en
gaged in interstate commerce, and such a
concern must not be allowed by a dexterous
Fh if ting of position, as has been too often
the case in the past, to escape thereby all
responsibility either to state or to nation.
The American people became firmly con
vinced of the heed of control over these
great aggregations of capital, especially
where they had a monopolistic tendency,
before tliev became quite clear as to the
proper way of achieving the control.
Trusts' TVhlrh Are Legitimate.
Through their representatives In Congress
they tried two remedies, which were to a
large degree, at least as Interpreted by the
court, contradictory. On tne one hand,
under the anti-trust law. the effort was
made to prohibit all combination, whether
It was or was not hurtful or beneficial to
the public. On the other hand, through
the Interstate commerce law, a beginning
was made in exercising such supervision and
control over combinations as to prevent
their doing anything harmful to the body
politic. The first law, the so-called Sher
man law. has filled a useful place, for It
bridges over the transition period until the
American people shall definitely make up
its mind that it will exercise over the
great corporations that thoroughgoing and
radical control which it is certain ulti
mately to find necessary. The principle of
the Sherman law eo far as it prohibits
combinations which, whether because of
their extent or of their character, are
harmful to the public, must always be pre
served, intimately, and I hope with rea
sonable speed, the National Government
must pass laws which, while Increasing the
supervisory and regulatory power of the
Government, also permits such useful com
binations as are made with absolute open
ness and as the representatives of the Gov
ernment may previouly approve. But It
will not be possible to permit each com
binations save as the second stage In a
course of proceedings of which the first
stage must be the exercise of a far more
complete control by the National Govern
ment. In dealing with those who offend against
1 the anti-trust and Interstate commerce laws
the Department of Justice has to encounter
many and great difficulties. Often men
who have been guilty of violating these
laws have really acted In criminal fashion,
and if possible should be proceeded against
criminally ; and therefore it is advisable
that there should be a clause In these laws
providing for such criminal action, and for
punishment by imprisonment as well as by
fine. But. as Is well known, in a criminal
action the law is strictly construed In fa
vor of the defendant, and in our country,
at least, both judge and Jury are far more
inclined to consider his rights than they
are the Interests of the general public;
while In addition it is always true that a
man's general practices may be so bad that
a civil action will He when it may not be
possible to convict him of any one criminal
act.
Hard to Reach Real Culprits.
There Is. unfortunately, a certain number
of our fellow-countrymen who seem to ac
cept the view that unleag a man can be
proved guilty of some particular crime he
Khali be counted a good citizen, no matter
how Infamous the Ufa he has led, no mat
ter how pernicious his doctrines or his
practices. This ie the view announced from
time to time with clamorous Insistence,
now by ft group of predatory capitalists,
now by a group of sinister anarchistic lead
ers and agitators, whenever a special cham
pion of either class, no matter how evil
his general life. Is acquitted of some one
tpecihe crime. Such ft view is wicked
whether applied to capitalist or labor lead
er, to rich man or poor man. and all that
I've said as to desirable and undesirable
citizens remains true. But we have
to take this feeling Into account when we
are debating whether It is possible to get
a conviction In a criminal proceeding
against some rich trust magnate, many of
whose actions are severely to be condemned
from "the moral and social standpoint, but
no one of whose actions seems clearly to
establish such technical guilt as will In
sure ft conviction.
as ft mttor of expediency In enforcing
the law against a great corporation, we
have continually to weigh the arguments
pro and con as to whether ft prosecution
can successfully be entered Into, and as to
whether we can be successful In a criminal
action against the chief Individuals In the
corporation, and If not, whether w can at
least be successful In a civil action against
the corporation Itself. Any effective ac
tion on the part of the Government is al
ways objected to, as a matter of course, by
the wrongdoers, by the beneficiaries of the
wrongdoers and by their champions; and
often one of the most effective ways of at
tacking the action of the Government is
by objecting to practical action upon the
ground that it does not go far enough.
One of the favorite devices of those who
are really striving to prevent the enforce
ment of these laws Is to clamor for action
of such severity that it cannot be under
taken because it will be certain to fall If
tried.
Juries Are Too Sentimental.
An Instance of this i the demand often
made for criminal prosecutions where such
prosecutions would be certain to fall. We
have found by actual experience that a jury
which will gladly punish a corporation by
fine, for instance, will acquit the individual
members of that corporation If we proceed
a gal net them criminally, because of those
very things which the corporation which
they direct and control has done.
In a recent case against the Licorice
Trust we indicted and tried the two cor
porations and their respective presidents.
The contracts and other transactions es
tablishing the guilt of the corporations were
made through, and so far as they were in
writing were signed by, the two presidents.
Yet the Jury convicted the two corpora
tions and acquitted the two men. Both
verdicts could not possibly have been, cor
rect; but apparently the average juryman
wishes to see trusts broken up, and Is quite
ready to fine the corporation Itself; but is
very reluctant to find the facts "proven
beyond a reasonable doubt" when It comes
to sending to jail a reputable member of
the business community for doing what the
business community has unhappily grown
to recognize as well-nigh normal in busi
ness. Moreover, under the necessary tech
nicalities of criminal proceedings, often the
only man who can he reached criminally
will be some subordinate who is not the
real guilty party at all.
Many men of large wealth have been
guilty of conduct which from the moral
standpoint Is criminal, and their misdeeds
are to ft peculiar degree reprehensible, be
cause those committing them have no ex
cuse of want, poverty, of weakness and ig
norancs to offer as partial atonement. When
in addition to moral responsibility these
men have a legal responsibility which can
be proved so as to impress a judge and
Jury, then the Department will strain every
nerve to reach them criminally. Where
this is impossible, then it will take what
ever action will be most effective under the
actual conditions.
In the last six years we have shown that
there is no individual and no corporation so
powerful that he or It stands above the pos
sibility of punishment under the law.
During the present' trouble with the stocX
market, I, of course, received countless re
quests and suggestions that I should do
something to ease the situation. There is a
worldwide financial disturbance. It is felt
In the bourses In Paris and Berlin, and
British consols are lower. Our New York
SOME SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL VIEWS
PRESSED BY ROOSEVELT
EX-
i ' The man is 1ut a poor father who teaches his sons that ease and
pleasure should toe their chief objects in life; the woman who Is a
mere petted toy, incapable of serious purpose, shrinking: from effort
and duty, is more pitiable than the veriest overworked drudge.
Our ideals should be high, and yet they should be capable of
achievement in practical fashion.
Such questions as National sovereignty and state's rigrhts need to
be treated not empirically or academically, but from the standpoint
of the interests of the people as a whole.
When the Constitution was created none of the conditions of mod
ern business existed.
I "believe in a National incorporation law for corporations engaged
in interstate business.
Ultimately, and I hope with reasonable speed, the National Govern
ment must pass laws which, while increasing the supervisory and
regulatory power of the Government, also permits such useful combi
nations as are made with absolute openness and as the representa
tives of the Government may previously approve.
It Is advisable that there should be a clause In these (anti-trust)
laws providing for criminal action, and for punishment by imprison
ment as well as by fine.
When In addition to moral responsibility these (rich violators of
the law) men have a legal responsibility which can toe proved so as to
Impress a judge and Jury, then the department will strain every nerve
to reach them criminally.
I very earnestly hope that the legislation which deals with the
regulation of corporations engaged In interstate business will also deal
with the rights and interest of the wageworkers employed by those
corporations.
I also hope that there will be legislation increasing the power of
the National Government to deal with certain matters concerning the
health of our people everywhere; the Federal authorities, for in
stance, should join with all the state authorities in warring against
the dreadfuJ scourge of tuberculosis.
There Is, unfortunately, a certain number of our tellowcounr
trymen who seem to accept the view that unless a man can be proved
guilty of some particular crime he shall be counted a good citizen,
no matter how infamous the life he has led, no matter how pernicious
his doctrines or-his practices. This is the view announced from time
to time with clamorous insistence, now by a group of predarory cap
italists, now toy a group of sinister anarchistic leaders and agitators.
Such a view is wicked when applied to capitalist or labor leader,
to rich man or poor man, and all that I've said as to desirable and
undesirable citizens remains true.
During the present trouble with the stock market, I, of course, re
ceived countless requests and suggestions that I should do something
to ease the situation. It may all toe that the Government's determ
ination to punish certain malefactors of great wealth, has been re
sponsible for something of the troutoles; at least to the extent of having
caused these men to combine to bring about as much financial stress
as they possibly can, in order to discredit the Government's policy,
and thereby secure a reversal of that policy so that they may enjoy
the fruits of their evildolngs. If so, I am sorry, but It will not alter
my attitude. Once, for all time, let me say, so far as I am concerned,
for the 18 months of my administration that remain, there will be no
changes in the policy we have steadily pursued, nor let-up in our ef
forts to secure an honest observance of the law, for I regard this
contest as one to determine who shall rule this Government the peo
ple or a few ruthless, determined men whose wealth makes them
particularly formidable, toecause they are behind the breastworks or
corporate organization.
But I desire no less emphatically to have it understood that we
have undertaken and will undertake no action of vindictive type and,
above all, none which shall inflict great or unmerited suffering upon
innocent stockholders and upon the putolic as a whole.
It will toe highly disastrous if we permit ourselves to be misled by
the pleas of those who see in an unrestricted individualism the all-sufficient
panacea for 'social evils; but it will toe, even more disastrous
to adopt the- opposite panacea of any socialistic system which would
destroy all individualism, which would root out the fiber of our whole
citizenship
But while we can accomplish something by legislation, legislation
can never toe more than a part, and often no more than a small part.
In the general scheme of moral progress. . . . Such betterment
can come only toy the slow, steady growth of the spirit which metes
a generous tout not a sentimental Justice to each man on his merits
as a man, and which recognizes the fact that the highest and deepest
happiness for the individual lies not in selfishness tout in service.
Stock Exchange disturbance has been par
ticularly severe, but It Is believed to be due
to matters not " particularly confined to the
United States and to matters wholly uncon
nected with any Governmental action. It
may all be that the Governmenfsdeter
mlnatlon, in which, gentlemen, it will not
wavfer, to punish certain malefactors of
great wealth, has been responsible for some
thing of the troubles; at least to the extent
of having caused these men to combine to
bring about as much financial stress as
they possibly can, in order to discredit the
Oovernment'a policy, and thereby secure -a
reversal of that policy so that they may
enjoy the fruits of their evildolngs- That
they have misled a great many people into
believing there should be such a reversal is
possible. If so, I am sorry, but it will not
alter my attitude. Once, for all time, let
me say, so far as I am concerned, for the
18 months of my administration that re
main, there will be no changes In the policy
we hae steadily pursued, nor let-up In our
efforts to secure an honest observance of
the law. for I regard this contest as one
to determine who shall rule this Govern
ment the people- through their Govern
mental agents or a few ruthless, determined
men whose wealth makes them particularly
formidable, because they are behind the
breastworks of corporate organisation.
I wish there to be no mistake on this
point. It is idle to ask me not to prosecute
criminals, rich or poor. But I desire no
less emphatically to have it understood that
we have undertaken and will undertake no
action of vindictive type and, above all,
none which shall Inflict great or unmerited
suffering upon Innocent stockholders ana
upon the public as a whole.
Our purpose Is to act with a minimum of
harshness compatible with obtaining our
ends. In the man of great wealth who
earned his money honestly we recognize a
citizen worthy of all praise and respect.
Business can. only be done, under modern
conditions, through corporations and our
purpose is heartily to favor corporation
that do well. The administration appre
ciates that liberal but honest profit for legi
timate promoters ana generous dividends for
capital employed either In founding or con
tinuing an honest business venture are the
factors necessary for succesful corporate
activity and, therefore, for generally pros
perous business conditions.
All these are compatible with fair deal
ing as between man and man and rigid
obedience to th law. Our aim Is to help
every honest man, every honest corporation
and our policy means in its ultimate analysts
a healthy, prosperous expansion of the busi
ness activities of honest business men and
honest corporations.
o Mercy for lawbreaker.
I very earnestly hope that the lec-Uln-Mon
which deals with the regulation of corpora
tions engaged in Interstate business will also
deal with the rights and interests of the
wageworkers employed by those corpora
tions. Action was taxen by the Congress
last year limiting the number of hours that
railway employes should be employed. The
iaw is gooa one, dui it in practice it
proves necessary to strengthen It, It must
be strengthened. We have now secured a
National employers' liability law: but ulti
mately 'a more far-reaching and thorough
going law must be passed. It Is monstrous
that a man or woman who Is crippled in
an industry, even as the result of taking
wnat are tne necessary risks of the occu
pation, should be required to bear the
whole burden of the loss. That burden
should be distributed and not placed solely
upon the weakest Individual, the one least
able to carry it. By making the employer
liable the loss will ultimately be distrib
uted among all the beneficiaries of the business.
T alpo "hope that there wilt be legislation
Increasing the power of the National Gov
ernment to deal with certain matters con
cerning the health of odr people every
where; the Federal authorities, for instance,
should join with all the state authorities
in warring against the dreadful scourge of
tuberculosis. Your own state government,
here in Massachusetts, deserves high praise
for the action it has taken in these public
health matters during the last few years;
and In this, as in some other matters, I
hope to see the National Government stand
abreast of the foremost state governments.
I have spoken of but one or two laws
which. In my Judgment, It Is advisable to
enact as part of the general scheme for
making the interference of the National
Government more effective in securing jue
tic and fair dealing as . between man and
man hers in the United States. Let me
add, however, that while it is necessary to
have legislation when conditions arise where
we can only cope with evils through the
Joint action of all of us, yet that we can
never afford to forget that in the last
analysis the all-important factor for each
of us must be his own Individual character.
It ts a necessary thing to have good laws,
good institutions: but the most necessary
of all things is to have a high quality of
Individual citizenship. This does not mean
that we can afford to neglect legislation.
Ieat the Radicals Sway Us.
It A'lll bo highly disastrous if we permit
ourselves to be misled by the pleas of those
who see In an unrestricted individualism
the all-sufficient panacea for social evils;
but It will be even more disastrous to
adopt the opposite panacea of any socialis
tic system which would destroy all Indi
vidualism, which would root out the fiber
of our whole citizenship. In any great
movement, such as that in which we are
engaged, nothing is more necessary than
f sanity, than the refusal to be led Into ex-
tremes by the advocates of the ultra course
on either side. Those professed friends or
liberty who champion license are the worst
foes of liberty and tend by the reaction
their violence causes to throw the Govern
ment back Into the hands or the men who
champion corruption and tyranny in the
name of order. So It is with this move
ment for securing Justice toward all men,
and equality of opportunity so far as it
can be secured by governmental action.
The rich man who with hard arrogance de
clines to consider the rights and the needs
of those who are less well off, and the
poor man who excites or Indulges in envy
and hatred for those who are better off,
are alike alien to the spirit or our National
life. Each of them should learn to appre
ciate the baseness and degradation of his
point of view, as evil In the one case as
In the other. There exists no more sordid
and unlovely type of social development
than a plutocracy, for there is a peculiar
unwholesomeness in a social and govern
mental ideal where wealth by and of Itself
Is held up as the greatest good. The ma
terialism of such a view, whether it finds
Its expression in the llfs f a man who
accumulates a vast fortune in ways that
are repugnant to every instinct of gener
osity and of fair dealing, or whether it
finds its expression in the vapidly useless
and self-indulgent life of the inheritor of
that fortune. Is contemptible In the eyes
of all men capable of a thrill of lofty
feeling. Where the power of the law can
be wisely used to prevent or to minimize
the acquisition or business employment of
such wealth and to make it pay by income
or Inheritance tax Its proper share of the
"The sports of children
satisfy the child."
But the wear and tear
of the child's clothes
don't always satisfy the
mother.
We make a special ef
fort to satisfy her hy hav
ing the strongest suits it's
possible to get.
No matter how small
the suit or how small the
price, the cloth must he
good or we don't have it.
Boys' Summer Clothing at
Clearance Sale Prices.
LION
ClothingOo
GtulKuhnProp
169 and 18 Third
Mohawk ttaUdtns.
burden of government, I would invoke that
power without a moment's hesitation.
Legislation Not All Sufficient.
But while we can accomplish something
by legislation, legislation can never be more
than a part, and often no more than a
small part, in the general scheme of moral
progress; and crude or vindictive legisla
tion may at any time bring such progress
to a halt. Certain socialistic leaders pro
pose to redistribute the world's goods by
refusing to thrift and energy and industry
their proper superiority over folly and idle
ness and sullen envy. Such legislation
would merely, in the words of the presi
dent of Columbia University, "wreck the
world's efficiency for the purpose of redis
tributing the world's discontent." We
should all of us work heart and soul for
the real and permanent betterment which
will lift our democratic civilization to a
higher level of safety and usefulness, such
betterment can come only by the slow,
steady growth of the spirit which metes a
generous but not a sentimental Justice to
each man on his merits as a man. and
which recognises the fact that the highest
and deepest happiness for the Individual lies
not in selfishness but in service.
ISLAND YET ABOVE WATER
Report of Disappearance of La) Ban
Disproved.
HONOLULU. Aug. 20. The island of
Laysan has not disappeared, as was re
ported recently by the captain of th
schooner Olsen. The island was visited
on the 15th ot this month by the United
States Government tug IroquoiF, which
was returning here from Guam.
Perfect
Womanhood
The greatest menace to woman's
permanent happiness in life is the
suffering that comes from some de
rangement of the feminine organs.
Many thousands of women have
realized this too late to save their
health, barely in time to save their
lives.
To be a successful wife, to retain
the love and admiration of her hus
band, should be a woman's constant
study.
If a woman finds that her ener
gies are flagging, that she gets easily
tired, dark shadows appear under
her eyes, she has backache, head
ache, bearing-down sensations, ner
vousness, irregularities or the
"blues," she should start at once to
build up her system by a tonic with
specific powers, such as
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
the great woman's remedy for woman's ills, made only of roots and herbs.
It cures Female Complaints, such as Dragging Sensations, Weak
Back, Falling and Displacements, Inflammation, and Ulceration, and all
Organic Diseases, and is invaluable in tne Change oi L.ire. it dissolves g
and Expels Tumors at an early stage. Subdues Faintness, Nervous g
Prostration, Exhaustion, and strengthens and tones the Stomach. Cures p
Headache,' General Debility, indigestion, ana invigorates tne wnoie
female sysem. It is an excellent remedy for derangements of the
Kidneys in either sex.
n
4.- -2jjr
Silk m
I '. '
uununniiniiiiiftinmnM
CIGARETTES
& Their quality is equaled only in cigarettes 8k
j costing twice as much. rag
u It's only because of their sales the largest in k
? the world that such high qual- K
m Can e so JpS
10c for 10 M