8
THE BIOKHXrm UBEUOiMAS, TVEDXESDAT, JULY 17, 1907.
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PORTLAND. WEDNESDAY, JULY II, 1B0I.
CHAUTACQUA.
PerhapB the Chautauquana have been
sufficiently rebuked for what they do
not accomplish. We have proposed to
ourselves the more grateful task, of
praising: them for what they do accom
plish. That there la nothing but shal
low learning acquired by the tenters
under the shady trees at Gladstone one
may admit without a- blush, when he
remembers that the learning acquired
by most of our youths and maidens In
college Is riot much deeper. Between
two equally shallow streams It Is the
part of wisdom to choose the one that
flows through the more agreeable land
scape. For the boy of 19 and the girl
of 20 It does not admit of question that
the environment of the college and the
wisdom, or what passes for wisdom,
of its professors are above rubies; but
the gray-haired woman whose children
have flitted, from the nest and who has
no adequate employment for her declin
ing ibut energetic days cannot go to
college. Shall she therefore let her
mind He fallow? Heaven forbid.
For the mature person of either sex
who Is blessed or troubled with a mild
inclination to peer not too deeply into
the mysteries of literature, science and
history, the Chautauqua camp offers
exactly that diluted Pierian draught
which they require. To drink wisdom
flavored with sunshine and listen to
lectures, presumably learned, inter
mingled with the soft murmur of oaken
boughs, is a thing worth doing for it
eelf, even if Its results are somewhat
diaphanous when one comes to gather
them up. The consolation' is that they
are . no more diaphanous than other
educational results In this age of
strenuous pedagogical effort and dis
appointing achievement. Compare the
net benefit which the silver-haired
matron -gets from her Chautaucfua
course with that which her daughter
gets from four years In college. In a
fair balance which would weigh the
heavier? Which soul has enjoyed the
more exalted uplift? "Which has trav
eled farther Into the land of Beulah?
Chautauqua comes as a boon when
the salt of life begins a little to lose
of Its savor, when the old springs run
dry and the old songs no longer charm
with their melody. This belated seek
ing of the soul for wider knowledge is '
her last heroic stand against the fore
ordained victory of advancing death.
It Is the Indian Summer of the Intel
lect, a return to Springlike days Just
before the final storms come on which
scatter all the flowers and whirl the
leaves away to dark oblivious caverns.
Why should all good things be for the
young? iHave not the old also their
rights? All work and no play makes
Jack a dull boy. But what does all
work and no play make of Jack's
father and mother? Jack has a high
school to go to, and after that a col
lege, not to mention Christian Endeavor
Societies, dances, and all the other
whirlpools In thfe giddy maelstrom of
adolescent life. But there Is no high
school for Jack's father, nor his mother
either, and no college invites them to
Its classic halls with Insidious allure
ments of football and prizes. Shall
they therefore He down and. die? Or,
what comes to the same thing, shall
they yield their minds utterly to. the
opiate of age and perish within while
the body Is still hale? Chautauqua has
done for the brains of thousands of
men and women In this generation
what medical science has done for their
bodies. It has lengthened the span of
life of the Intellect, besides Imparting
to that life an acute energy which
doubles Its value.
Everybody Is talking tn. these days of
the marvelously Increased Intelligence
with which the common people of the
country discuss economlo and govern
mental problems. It Is not half so easy
as It was twenty-flve years ago to fool
even part of the people part of the
time. They see clearer than they used
to and they reason Incomparably bet
ter, as the fleeing bosses and grafters
know to their sorrow. Why Is this?
Reading and writing, we learn from
Dogberry, come by nature; but the
power to reason correctly upon public
questions does- not. If we are frank
about the matter, we must ascribe a
goodly share of the Intellectual and
moral uplift which our time has experi
enced to the Chautauqua idea. This
persistent reading of good books
through long Winter evenings and dis
cussing them In "circles" has had its
effect. Hundreds of thousands of
bright people all over the country have
been doing it.- They have been read
ing, pondering, discussing, seeing Into
things, and'they are o longer the silly
sheep to follow a bell that they used
to be.
Chautauqua strikes the mind at the
precise moment when the most valua
ble effect of education is obtained most
easily. This effect is the stimulation
of the" mind to think. Teachers In
primary schools set the same purpose
before themselves, but all In vain.
Toung children cannot think, and it is
wasting time to try to' .make them do
it. They may Induce one to believe
that they are thinking, but it is simu
lation only. Thought Is an attribute of
maturity. The teacher says to the
child, "Never mind the - answer
to your example, think about the rea
son." But the child cannot think about
the reason, so he gets neither logic nor
answer, and he comes out of the high
school unable to cast the Interest on a
note. Chautauqua calls upon the mind
to act at just the time of 'life when
reason is in its prime and when the
memory is stored with experience. Few
facts, perhaps, are learned in those
sylvan schools, but every one of them
goes Into the mind weighted with end
less stores of associations. Each new
item of knowledge is the key to some
old mystery. It opens gates lnto en
chanted cities. Let the pedant rage at
Chautauqua nd the machine peda
gogue imagine a vain thing; but it is
one of the greatest and best of the edu
cational institutions of the country.
GAMBLING WOMEN.
Spending money that somebody else
earns is difficult business. The natural
providers for the Newport women who
have rented a mansion to use for a
private gambling-house get their an
nual Incomes for the most part by clip
ping coupons. This does not require
much exertion either of mind or body.
But the wives of these men, upon
whom falls the duty of spending their
incomes, find it hard work. Naturally
the first portion goes for vanity and
produces tangible returns in footmen,
carriages, diamonds, horse shows and
monkey dinners. The second portion
goes for folly and produces ridiculous
aping of European aristocracy. But
after the demands of vanity and folly
are all satisfied these unhappy women
have still a huge surplus left, and they
can think of no way to spend it except
In sin. One could not complain of
them so bitterly If they sinned with
originality and good taste; but they
show not the slightest trace of either.
Their darling transgressions are
breaches of the marriage vow and gam
bling. Marital infidelity is the characteristic
weakness of negroes; gambling is the
Vice of savages. The lower the Bavage
the harder he gambles; the nearer the
negro Is to the gorilla the less he re
gards his marriage vow. The choice of
sins which our millionaire women- make
thus indicates that the principal effect
of their riches has been to reduce them
morally to the level of the African
savage.
If the degraded females who belong
to the Newport gambling club should
lose all their money, doubtless most of
them would become paupers; but there
might be one or two among them who
would seek some honest employment
and become respectable members of so
ciety. Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish as a
kitchen maid or a telephone girl would
present a figure vastly more edifying
than she does as president of a gam
bling club. Suppose some person ex
isted with power to annihilate her
wealth and compel her to make a de
cent use of her time and strength.
Could he do her and her silly coterie
a greater favor than to exercise his
power to the utmost?
CORN IS KING.
Corn Is king, and the present loca
tion of the kingdom la in the United
States of America. This land of the
free and home of the brave is famous
throughout the world for its big wheat
crops land their Influence Is felt wher-'
ever wheat is grown or consumed.
From the time the wheat is sown until
It Is harvested, all financial and trade
Journals keep close watch of Its condi
tion. Armies of crap experts go scur
rying forth all the, way from Texas to
Athabasca and from New York to Ore
gon, and fume and fret over the ap
pearance of rust, the greenbug, te
chinchbug and numerous other , wheat
pests. Dollar wheat sends up a paean
of gladness and prosperity, and, by
reason of all this press-agent publicity,
we get the Impression that wheat Is
what the expressive slang of the street
would term the "big noise." Perhaps
it is the "big noise"; but when the mat
ter of bringing home the money Is con
sidered, old King Corn has our popu
lar and much-advertised "premier
cereal" distanced so badly that it never
gets within hearing.
The greenbug, the wooly aphis and
the professional crop-killer have this
season, as usual, taken out a side line
of corn-crop damage, and the Depart
ment of Agriculture and 'other Influ
ences have figured out the depreciation
caused thereby. While these figures
have not been verified, hor will they be
verified until "the frost Is on the pump
kin and the fodder's In the shock," it
seems that there will toe a shortage of
something like 425,000,000 ' bushels as
compared with last year's yield. This
will leave a crop of approximately
2,600,000,000 bushels, and, as the price
Is now hovering around 63 cents per
bushel, with strong indications- of a
loftier flight, old King Corn will this
year add to the circulating medium a
matter of $1,300,000,000, or mote than
twice as much, as will be placed In
circulation by the wheat crop, even
though It be marketed at $1 per bushel.
Not only does corn loom up beyond
all other American agricultural prod
ucts, but the product of this country
is more than three times as large as
that of all other countries on earth
combined, while in the case of wheat
the output of the United States Is only
from one-fourth to one-fifth of that of
the rest of the world. The rest of the
world has not yet accepted corn as an
article of food to the extent In which it
Is used in the United States, but all
countries are free buyers of It when It
is converted Into pork, and the farmer
who does the feeding probably receives
a larger price per bushel than he would
get If It were sold for food for human
beings.
The Pacific Northwest has never fig
ured much as a corngrowing section,
although fair success has attended the
efforts which come growers have made
to produce It. Our farmers can grow
wheat at so much smaller cost than It
can be grown by the farmers in the
corn belt that they prefer to sell the
wheat and buy the corn from the East
ern growers. Despite the fact that the
Pacific Northwest is not in the direct
territory of King Corn, we shall cer-
talnly share In the prosperity that must
follow the distribution of the Jl.300,000,
000 that is in sight for this year.
. NO SHIP SUBSIDY ON LAKES.
Edward W. Townsend recently pre
sented. In Gunton's Magazine, an at
tractive, vivid picture of the American
shipbuilding and freighting industry of
the great lakes. The presentment was
a striking illustration of the possibili
ties of growth In these enterprises
without the' aid of subsidies. The men
behind it, he saye, get no subsidies
'from Congress for building or operat
ing vessels, adding:. "They doubtless
would accept uch aid If offered, but
they are too busy building and oper
ating ships at a profit to din the ears
of Congress overmuch," and- there Is
a picture of self-dependent energy and
enterprise and an accounting of legiti
mate fruits that Is refreshing to con
template. The secret of this abound
ing success is an open one. The lake
shipbuilders and freighters stand at
the helm of their own building and
freighting enterprise, steer a straight
course and reach the goal without beg
ging for assistance. As succinctly
stated by Mr. Townsend:
These Great Lakes shipbuilders receive
much leas than they deserve from the Gov
ernment In appropriations for deepening and
straightening channels; but they maintain
no press agency to make known their trou
bles In that respect; almost unheralded they
have developed the greatest shipbuilding and
freight-carrying Industry In the world and
their energies are now devoted to the task
of Increasing their works, for soon, very soon,
those shipyards must supply fleets which can
carry through the Sault Ste. Marie Canal alone
100.000,000 tons of freight. But they will be
equal to the task, for they have more than
money, plant and technical skill at work In
those wonderful shipyards; they have Imagi
nation, the most essential attribute of the
mind of him who accomplishes any great
work. And that is not a paradox.
JTTIXJE PARKER ON COMMON LAW.
Judge Alton B. Parker has a curious
theory that the common law of Eng
land is also the Federal law of -the
United States. He elaborated this doc
trine In a speech before the North
Carolina Bar Association the other day,
but failed to state why he thinks it
is true. He should not have left his
reasons to Be Imagined. They may be
excellent, but the ordinary mind is not
likely to discern them without power
ful assistance.
At the time of the separation from
England the common law was, of
course, in force in the several colonies.
and it remained valid after independ
ence except when abrogated by stat
ute. That is. It remained valid as state
law. Later on a large number of new
states adopted the English common
law by their constitutions, but some
did not. Louisiana, for example, pre
ferred to live under the civil law. All
this Is true of the states, but not of
the Nation.
The Nation was created by the Con
stitution. It has no sources of law ex
cept what the Constitution prescribes.
These are the Constitution Itself with
the statutes and treaties made under
It. The English common law is not In
cluded among them. The Nation did
not separate from Britain like the
states, carrying with it a body of es
tablished law. Before the adoption of
the Constitution it had no existence and
therefore no law. Our whole system of
Federal law was born at the same In
stant as the Nation, in germ at least.
The common-law rules for construing
statutes and for court procedure have
been adopted by the Federal Judges,
but Judge Parker's opinion that the
common law Itself governs here nation
ally needs more support than his mere
statement. He greatly prefers it to
statutes because, he says, "it is so
flexible." In other words, it is made
by the courts and may be extended or
narrowed at their option. Naturally
this would commend the common law
to a corporation lawyer like Judge Par
ker, at, least so long as he could hope
to control the courts; but it is precisely
the reason why the people do not like
it. They prefer to have their laws
made by Congress. They do not care
to have them "expanded by judicial
decisions. When new law Is needed
there is a better and more constitu
tional way to obtain it than through
the courts. Judge Parker seems horri
fied at the Idea -of Congress or the
President "assuming powers not grant
ed," but he insists that the Federal
Judges shall legislate for us. Where
does he find this power granted to
them? It makes a vast difference
whose foot the shoe pinches.
The eminent corporation counsel
thinks he has unearthed a dire con
spiracy to overthrow the Government
established by the founders. Congress
and the President both "have a hand
in it, but the former seems to play
the part of a dupe. The first step in
the conspiracy, says Judge Parker, Is
for Congress to legislate beyond Its
powers, thus playing into the hands of
the executive. Secondly, the President
is to seize upon "powers not granted"
and oust the other departments from
their legitimate authority. Thirdly,
statutes are to be substituted "for the
common law."
Of the first two steps In this horrible
conspiracy one can only say that If
Congress and the courts together are
too weak or too foolish to resist the en
croachments of the President they
ought fo lose their power. The third
entices the mind to ponder. Suppose
the common law really were In force
here, and suppose Congress replaced It
by statutes, would that be unconstitu
tional? Would it overthrow the sys
tem of "the fathers"? Did not "the
fathers" Intend that Congress should
legislate xne common law was a
seml-bar.barous code originating in the
Lcruel customs of savages. As early as
the time of the Stuarts much of it had
been abrogated by enlightened English
Judges and replaced by the more hu
mane principles of the Roman civil
law; much of what remained has since
been changed by statute. The adula
tion which lawyers heap on the "com
mon law" is partly unintelligent verbal
ism, partly worship of an Imaginary
fetich. Judge Parker loves the anti
quated relic because It was composed
of feudalism grafted on primeval sav
agery. Like a true Democrat, he 6e-
tests everything that looks like prog
ress and worships the hoary iniquities
that fortify Bpeclal privilege.
Oregon schoolteachers - must teach
elementary agriculture during the next
school year. It is a subject with which
many of them are said to be unfamll
lar. Since they have a vacation of
from three to five months Just at the
season of the year when the practical
agriculturist is worrying himself into
nervous prostration because he cannot
get help to gather his fruit, hay, grain
and other crops, perhaps the teachers
might gain some valuable Information
by combining mental and physical ex
ertion for a while, at the same time
earning a few dollars- to supplement
that much-discussed low salary. It
might 'be worth while to reflect, too,
that If the teacher spent his idle months
helping the farmer gather his crops,
the farmer, who pays the taxes, might
feel Just a little more favorable to the
project of raising a teacher's salary
net Fall.
Secretary Garfield has the good for
tune to tour the Willamette "Valley and
Southern Oregon in the flush and prom
ise of an abundant and most delight
ful Summer. Being accustomed to the.
heats of an Ohio July, he Is naturally
surprised at the contrast furnished by
an Oregon July. Having been possessed
of the Idea that Oregon was noted
chiefly for land frauds and Incessant
rains, he viewed with enlightened won
der the farms and orchards with their
promise of harvest returns, and was
whirled in an automobile with dally In
creasing pleasure under cloudless skies
and over roads that showed no indica
tion of recent rains. Seeing Oregon Is
preliminary to a belief In its resources
of soli and climate. Secretary Garfield
and his party, we are glad to say,
have seen Oregon and ' taken in its
promise and its grandeur with appre
ciative eyes and open minds.
General Allkhanoff and two Innocent
attendants were killed by a bomb In
Russia yesterday. The General was
seriously Injured by a bomb about a
year ago, but apparently failed to heed
the warning. Of course there will be
a lot of indiscriminate official murder
ing to avenge this latest 'deed of
bloodshed. Then In turn the friends of
the bombthrowers will get even on
some other titled tyrant. To outward
appearances civilization has made some
headway In Darkest Russia, but the
cold-blooded, beastly manner in which
murder, official and otherwise, is' com
mitted shows that but faint impress
has been made on the savage natures
of those who rule by force.
An East Portland saloonkeeper has
been arrested for misrepresenting the
age of a horse. This is a prosaic age
In which we live, but, if the law is to
step In and insist that horse traders
must tell the truth, the David Haruifis
of our country will be deprived of much
keen delight, not to mention the inci
dental profit attendant on passing a
worthless nag on to the next -man. If
the courts are to Insist that our horse
traders tell the truth regarding the age
of their animals, it will not be long be
fore woman, lovely woman, will be ex
pected to display less carelessness in
stating her own age.
,News reports inform us that the
County Judge of Linn County, during
a forty-mile drive, saw twelve women
working In the hay fields, most of them
riding on hay rakes or mowers. And
probably not one of the twelve will be
any the worse for the work. Maud
Muller worked with an old-fashioned,
wooden-tooth hand rake. That was
hard labor beside riding a modern,
self-dump rake, drawn by horses. So
long as a- woman does not undertake
work beyond her strength, the fact that
It is outdoor work Injures neither her
health nor her reputation.
Hotel men of Seattle have taken up
the gigantic problem of reducing the
wide margin between what the agri
culturist gets and the consumer pays
for farm produce. An anxious nation.
Including Portland, will hail-wlth de
light any solution. Let us hope such
a reform will be worked that a wage
earner may buy chicken oftener than
once a year and occasionally have some
other vegetable to go with his potatoes.
The Astoria compromise between sa
loon and clergy la, after all, not unfair.
The Lord is to rule the city Sunday
forenoon and abandon the field Sunday
afternoon. This gives the former a
more equitable deal than he often gets,
and Is very convenient for the church
members. In the forenoon they can re
pent of their sins. In the afternoon
they can commit new ones. Nothing
could be more agreeable all round.
Why didn't Vice-President Fairbanks
disclose the menu for the breakfast
with the section foreman at Goble?
Maybe It Included hot cakes. What an
advertisement It would be for our cli
mate If the world knew that this tooth
some American dish is adapted to the
first meal of the day in mid-July.
For the benefit of future generations
who will probably not read yesterday's
issue of The Oregonian, Dan J. Moore
and other public-spirited citizens of
Seaside should erect an indestructible
sign .at Tillamook Head warning all
comers against the dangers of the
"trap."
The Astoria reception to Vlce-Presl
dent Fairbanks would have been cred
itable to a city of much greater popu
lation. It demonstrates that the Intel
ligence and capacity of all Astorlans is
not reflected In the peculiar views set
forth by some of the Astoria newspa
pers.
Tacoms, Is to have a twenty-three-etory
building. The height of the next
building proposed for Seattle is un
known, but of course It must necessar
ily be at least twenty-four stories. At
least there will be no "23" for Seattle.
One of Harriman's Oregon lines is
employing a new-fangled machine for
killing weeds between the rails. At last
the secret is revealed why neither
freight nor passenger trains can be
operated on time. ,
Tillamook is right In line with a big
fair scheduled for next month. But
wait for the 1908 fair. It may safely be
promised that Portland will send a
trainload of visitors to the then newly
annexed territory.
Do we understand the liquor license
committee of the City Council to de
clare that they want the saloons opened
on Sunday? But the question la al
ready answered. They do. Why?
With the greater part of Germany
flooded as the result of three days'
rain. Tom Richardson could score by
telling the Kaiser's subjects of a land
free from such disasters. -,
Witness Zlmmer, of the big telephone
company In San Francisco, has dis
proved the old adage that talk is
cheap.
"Remember the Satbath day to keep
three-fourths of it holy." Revised ver
sion of the Astoria ministers.
OPPOSES CENTRALIZED POWERS
Mr. Wooley Thinks Our "Colonial' Pol
icy Cause of Unrest Abroad.
PORTLAND, Or, July 16. (To the
Editor.) For some months past. I
tiave frequently noticed unfriendly
references to what The Oregonian Is
pleased to donominate "The pernicious f
doctrine of State Itlgnts.
. In one editorial headed "Japan's
Position," I noted these statements:
"The simple fact Is that a dual sys
tem of government, places a world
power such as we are in a dangerous
and somewhat ludicrous predicament.
State rights are Inconsistent with in
ternational responsibility. The world
will presently find It Intolerable for
this country to assume the privi
leges of an Imperial power, while it
shirks the corresponding' duties. The
time will come when we shall find
our Impotence to coerce the states an
insufficient plea. We must abandon
the doctrine of state Independence in
foreign relations or face the hostility
of an outraged world."
This quotation Is sufficient to show
that The Oregonian, seeks to change
our present, dual system of government
to that of a single or centralized form.
Now some of us wish to know before
consenting to this radical change, just
what we are to have instead of our
present form, or system under which
we have been so greatly blessed. Are
our state lines to be obliterated and
all the stars on "Old- Glory to be
supplantod by one large enough to
cover all stray space on her beautiful
folds? Shall our many beautiful states
be consolidated Into a few large
provinces, and these be presided over
by provincial governors appointed by
the President, by concurrence of the
Senate, Just as Supreme and Federal
Judges are now appointed? Just what
are we to have? I am Indeed anxious
to know.
I, like The Oregonian- would be much
pleased to avoid a war with Japan or
any other nation great or small. Un
der our dual system, we never have
had a war with Japr.n. Ncr are a few
thugs in San Francisco or any other
large city likely to cause such a war.
But after all. If we do finally have a
war with Japan won't the real
cause of Ihe strife be our so-called
colonial pojsesslons maintained over
an unwillng people; right In front of
Japan's door, rather than our dual
form of government?
And Is it not true that this un.
fortunate chansre In the former naar.
iui ana glorious policy of our United
States Government is the real movlnsr
cause for this present outcry for the
abandonment of one of the strongest
oeai xeatures or our beneficent
iorm oi national life?
C. A. WOOLEY.
The Oregonian has no wish to chans-a
our form of government, but It would
be glad to see some method devised
whereby our treaty obligations to
other nations can be fulfilled with less
friction. It is not agreeable to reflect
that a single statj may break a treaty
and drag the whole country Into 'an
unjust war, while the rest of us have
no redress. If each state Is to h
defended by the Nation it must nlso
be controlled by the Central Govern
ment in Its foreign relations.
PTJLTON AND LAND GRANTS,
State Senator Mailt Relates the Part He
Took In the Campaign. -
ASHLAND,, . Or., July IB. (To the
Editor.) I note in a recent Issue' of
The Oregonian that Senator Fulton has
Just returned from a trip through
Southern Oregon and that he has made
the startling discovery that the South
ern Pacific Railroad Company of Kan
tucky, as grantees in succession, are
possessed of vast tracts of the public
domain that by the express terms of
the grants should be open to settlement
oy actual settlers .at J2.50 per acre.
And ha essays to be so much Interested
in the discovery that he Is going to
post a letter forthwith to said delin
quent corporation and I demand to
know why and wherefore.
In the meantime, an anxious nubile
will await with interest the reply that
the Senator's letter will no doubt
elicit. Other letters of like tenor have
been consigned to the waste-paper
basket, nut the suggestion that a slm
liar fate might befall the appeal of
the Senator from Oregon Is not to be
considered.
I have taken considerable Interest
In this railroad land-grant matter, hav
ing made a campaign on the subject
in this county a year ago, and follow
ing up the promises I made to my con
stltuents In that campaign, I was the
author of Joint Memorial No. S, of the
last session of the Oregon Legislature,
directed to the President and to the
Senate, and National House of RepreJ
ntli Lull r va, m niui lUQ illl L BH-
uatlon was cited, briefly, and soma
action on the part of the Government
suggested.
Being thus interested, I followed the
memorial, in due time, with a letter to
Senator Bourne and to Senator Fulton
asking If they had received copies of
the memorial and,- if so, what, if any,
action they had taken or contemplated
taking.
Senator Bourne, ever on the alert,
replied that he had taken the matter
up with the department, in conjunction
with Congressman Hawley, and had
the matter of an investigation well
under way. Senator Fulton evidently
put the letter where the Southern Pa
clflc Is putting applications for the
purchase of the lands in question.
Later, I met Senator Fulton In Port
land, and In reply to my question as to
whether or not he had received or
heard of the memorial referred to. h
said: "Oh, I don't know. We receive
so many of those things. Perhaps I
did. And he was entirely non-commlt
tal and apparently not interested. Of
course, there is nothing significant in
the fact that he has since announced
himself as a candidate for re-election
and made a trip through the southern
part of the state. But we are all won
derfully well pleased to learn from an
authoritative source that "the land
ought to be open for settlement, and
that it can be opened," etc., and that
the senior United States Senator from
Oregon has written a letter to the
Kentucky corporation about it.
L. L. MULIT,
SOLDIER DETERMINED TO DIE
Strangles With . Rope About Hft
Neck Man Had Good Record.
VANCOUVER BARRACKS. Wash.,
July 16. (Special.) Joseph Unash,
private of Company F, Fourteenth In
fantry, committed suicide yesterday eve
nlng In a gunshed In the lower part of
the reservation by hanging himself. No
reason is known, as he always bore a
good record. Company F has been absent
from the post on target practice, but
Unash was left In charge of the gunshed.
Yesterday his body was found suspended
from a rope that he had attached to a
beam of the shed, with the feet touching
the floor. So low was the body that
Unash could have saved bis life by rest
lng his feet on the floor, but he evidently
was so determined to die that he allowed
himself to strangle to death.
Editor Cnrrey a Delegate.
LA GRANDE, Or., July IS. (Special
George H. Currey, one of the publishers
of the Evening Observer, has been elected
lay delegate to the general conference
of the Idaho Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church to convene in Boise,
August a.
PROTESTS BRIDGING COOS BAT.
Marshfield Chamber of Commerce
Ratber Welcome Belt Line Road.
MARSHFIELD, Or., (To the Editor.)
Largely through newspaper communica
tions, an impression has gone; forth that
Coos Bay people, particularly those rep
resented by the Marshfield Chamber of
Commerce, are opposing the entrance of
the Southern Paclflo Railrdoad Into this
territory. Such impression is hardly fair
or Just to the Marshfield Chamber of
Commerce, a commercial body that is
endeavoring to do everything that in its
power lies to advance every Interest or
the Coos Bay country. The Chamber
did not protest against the proposed con
struction of a railroad bridge across Coos
Bay harbor. This action, unintentionally
but wrongly construed. Is probably the
basis of the erroneous impression con
cerning the attitude of the Marshfield
commercial body.
In protesting against the bridging of
Coos Bay no unfriendliness whatever Is
directed toward the- Southern Pacific or
any other railroad. The purpose of the
Marshfield Chamber of Commerce was
to establish the rule that Coos Bay har
bor be not bridged. The protest, voiced
by the Chamber, applies to the Northern
Pacific, the Santa Fe, the Northwestern
or any railroad that may be headed this
way. We have the harbor, have always
had It and are jealous of having the
shipping facilities it affords in any way
lnterferred with. The Marshfield Cham
ber has and does favor every project that
will Improve the harbor, and-, protests
against any and all projects that may in
any way hamper it.
It is impossible to bridge the bay with
out Interfering with the Inflow and the
outflow of the tides and obstructing the
passage of vessels. San Franclso realized
this when she refused to permit the rail
roads to bridge her harbor, leaving them
to make their terminals on the Oakland
side. Such arrangement did not prevent
the Golden Gate City nor the railroads
from thriving. It will be recalled how
Portland was aroused only a few months
ago when the Northern Pacific asked per
mission to bridge the vV lllamette "near
that city s limits. It was not because
Portland citizens were opposed to the
entrance of the Northern Paclflo into
iheir city, for they wanted the road, but
they were Jealous of interference with
the shipping facilities by water. One
road had already bridged the river, and
conditions were such that another could
not be denied the same privilege with
out unjust discrimination. At Coos Bay,
it is not neoesaary that a -road bridge the
bay to get into this territory. At least
the exigencies of the situation do not re
quire bridging near the mouth of the har
bor. That Is the position of the Marsh
field Chamber of Commerce and as indi
cating that body's loyalty to the best
Interests of the harbor and fairness to
all parts of the bay, its members have
and do yet favor a belt line road around
the bay, connecting all points on the
shore.
In welcoming the advent of the South
ern Paclflo and all other roads Into this
territory, and protesting against any and
all of them bridging the harbor to inter
fere with marine commerce, the Cham
ber does so in the most courteous and
positive spirit, believing that the time
has passed when privileges and Iran
chlses should be given for the asking to
private corporations, without due consid
eration to the interests of the people af
fected. The Marshfield Chamber of Commerce,
made up of business men of Marshfield
and vicinity, have, like the business men
of San Francisco and Portland, protested
against what they consider unnecessary
obstruction to their harbor. It would be
a reflection upon their alertness, if not
Intelligence, to do less. They regard the
preservation of the Coos Bay harbor, un.
obstructed, as a non-forreltable rlgnt of
the people of today and a priceless hen-
tags to hand down to posterity. The
Marshfield Chamber of Commerce is
ready to meet, with, assurance of unre
served co-operation, all incoming roads
halfway, making. only the condition that
they be met on shore, and not in the
middle of the bay. WALTER LYUN.
Secretary of Marshfield Chamber of
Commerce.
SENATOR HEYBURN AT BOISE
Tells Business Men He Hopes to Get
City Better Rates.
BOISE, Idaho, July 16. (Special.)
Senator and Mrs. W. B. Heyburn were
tendered a reception by the Commercial
Club this evening, during which there
were ehort speeches by a number of
prominent men. Governor Gooding
spoke of the work done by the Senator,
saying no Senator had accomplished.
more than- be during the first four
years of his service. Though many
had differed from him on some points.
all recognized the sincerity of his mo
tives and appreciated the effectiveness
with which he worked.
Senator Heyburn spoke briefly, refer
ring to a number of local interests like
enlargement of the local military post
and pledging himself to continue active
In promoting that enterprise. He took
up the matter of railway rates for this
city. Boise, he said, was not a depend
ency of Portland or Salt Lake, and It
was not proposed that it should make
customers for them. The ' Interstate
Commerce Commission now had power
to fix rates, he said, and he was devot
lng his energies to having these fixed
without regard to any consideration of
long or short haul. He wished to have
terminal rates for this city that would
be in proportion to the haul.
Senator Borah paid a tribute to his
colleague, and especially to his Indus
try. He had made a deep impression
in four years, he said, establishing a
National reputation. He devoted more
hard work to public questions than any
other Senator he knew of, and had
thereby achieved much.
GIVING 'EM WHAT PADDY GAVE THE DRUM
From the Baltimore News.
BRTQ OX THB NEXT OVK, TEDDT1 I'LL PUT A STOP TO THIS W IXDOW-
BREAKXN'I-
DISARMAMENT ON THE CARPET
British Delegate Raises Question.
Porter Speaks on Drago Doctrine.
THE HAGUE, July 16. M. Nelidoft,
president of the Peace Conference, today
verbally communicted to the leading del
egates tne proposition for the limitation
of armaments presented to him by Sir
Edward Fry, head of the British dele
gation, who as yet, had not discussed It
with other delegates.
The text of the proposition cannot be
obtained for publication, but it sets forth
substantially that, the burden of arma
ments having greatly increased, the con
ference considers that the proposition of
their limitation has now assumed an ur
gent character.
When M. Nelidoft communicated this
proposition to Baron Marshall von
Biebersteln, head of the German delega
tion, the latter said that he would be un
able to give an answer as to Germany's
attitude until he had communicated with
Berlin. ' .
The arbitration sub-eommlttee of the
first committee today discussed the
American proposition as to the collection
of contractual debts. M. Bourgeois
(France) presided and the discussion was
of a most satisfactory nature. The gen
eral Impression Is that even those Latin
American countries that oppose coercive
measures or any, kind while making a
declaration to this effect, will end by
upportlng the United States.
General Horace Porter spoke in French
for half an hour, explaining that the
American proposition refers solely to con-
tractural debts and does not cover cases
of Injury to resident aliens caused by
unjust Imprisonment, mob violence, con
fiscation of property and conditions of a
like nature, on account of which ldemnlty
mighte demanded. Continuing, he
pointed uot the possibility of a speculator
making ventures abroad with the sola
object of increasing his private fortune
and later demanding that his country go
to war to recover claims by which the
country tn no way benefits. The tax
payers of the coercing country, he said,
bear the expense of enriching the specu
lator. Statistics of the last 60 years show that
In the case of IS large claims for dam
ages, unpaid debts, etc, the largest sum
allowed was only 80 per cent of the claim.
wnue m some cases it fell to the ridicu
lous sum of 3 1- per cent. These exam
ples, he said, should deter forever civil
ized nations from resorting to foroe for
the collection of debts.
General Porter cited the opinions ot
statesmen, diplomats and jurists to prove
that the state owes no such duty to Its
citizens. No Intervention, he said, would
be of benefit to all the parties concerned:
Firstly, to the creditor nation, as a
warnipg against the claims of persons too
apt to trade upon the necessity of feeble
or embarrassed governments; second, to
neutral nations, whose commerce would
not be interrupted; thirdly, to the debtor
state, as It would be announced to
money-lenders that they must base their
operations solely upon the consideration
of the good faith of the government's
national credit and Just administration.
Under these circumstances responsible
men would be more likely to negotiate
loans on fair and reasonable terms.
The permanent court of arbitra
tion at The Hague, he said., would be
naturally given the preference in the set
tlement of such claims.
COUNT BONI nXALLI LOSES
Divorce Decree Affirmed and Attor
neys Give Up Contest.
PARIS, Jul 16. The appeal of Count
Bonl de Castellane from the decision of
the court on November last granting a
divorce to the Countess Bonl de Castel
lane, formerly Miss Anna Gould, was dis
missed this afternoon and a final decree
of divorce duly entered. Attorneys for
the Count made practically no contest.
y Gypsies Forced to Freeze.
GENEVA, July 16. A party of 23 gyp
sies, men, women and children, are
stranded at the top of Great St. Bernard
pass owing to curious circumstances. On
being expelled from Italy, they ascended
the pass, Intondlng to go to Switzerland,
but when they reached the top were re
fused admission to Switzerland territory
by Swiss gendarmes. Unable to return to
Italy as Italian gendarmes followed,
they are now camped at an elevation of
8100 feet, unable to advance or retreat.
They may freeze to death unless either
Italy or Switzerland relents.
The monks of St. Bernard are feeding
them and lending them warm clothing,
but they cannot be sheltered In the hos
pice because It Is in Swiss territory.
Summer Blizzard In Austria,
VIENNA, July 16. A sudden cold wave
has struck Austria-Hungary and condi
tions are prevailing such as have not been
experienced in 130 years. Ten degrees reg
istered here yesterday. There is some
snow in the mountain districts. Summer
visitors to the hotels are snowed in and
the railways are not working.
Why Dreyrus Resigned.
PARIS. July 16. The Patrle says the
real reason for the recent resignation
from the army of Major Alfred Dreyfus
was because General Picquart, the Minis
ter of War, refused to give him the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel. General Picquart
thought It would be impolitic to reopen
the affair by making this promotion.
Ouida Refuses Doctor's Aid.
LONDON, July 16. According to the Mi
lan correspondent of the Tribune, Miss
Louise de la Rames (Ouida), the novelist,
who has recently been living in poverty in
Italy, Is dying at Massarossa. The cor
respondent states she has refused medical
aid and will not see visitors.