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8
THE 3IOEXDG OKEGONTAN, TUESDAY, JULY 2, 1907.
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I
PORTLAND, TVESDAX, JVI.Y. . . 1807.
WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN.
According to the report of his last
Sunday night's sermon. Dr. C. T. Wil
son, among; other things, said this: "A
government by unwritten law Is- a sug
gestion of terror to some people. They
look at you in holy horror at the
thought of sanctioning the punishment
of crime 'by a law that is unwritten,
not knowing that Blackstone defines
the common law of England to be those
unwritten principles of justice which
have existed back to the time when the
memory of man runneth not to the
contrary." We think that In these re
marks rr. Wilson has fallen, into
grievous error. For one thing, he Is
entirely wrong in saying that a govern
ment by unwritten law terrifies people.
Whether a law is written down or not
matters little. If it can be transmitted
and applied securely without reduction
to writing, well and good., Nobody will
object. The thing that Dr. Wilson ad
vocates and defends in his remarkable
sermon certainly has" aspects of terror.
The terror arises, however, not from
the fact that it is unwritten, but from
the fact that it Is not law.
The plain truth is that the word
'"law" has no application whatever to
the course of conduct which Dr. Wil
son and others no less eminent than he
sanction in their public discourses.
What they argue for is the absence of
law, the abolishment of that restraint
which compels every individual to turn
his cause over to society for adjudi
cation. They would have each person
act as judge and executioner in his
own behalf. He is to examine the evi
dence, determine what punishment be
fits the offense and with his own hand
inflict that punishment. This is to set
aside as worthless all the results of the
long process whereby the state lias
come to replace the Individual avenger
and make itself the common agent of
justice to all. It is to forsake the chief
conquests of civilization and religion
and revert to the methods of primitive
savagery when a man either received
no justice or else sought it with his
own hand.
Were we to admit that it is proper
for each individual to seek Justice for
himself according to his private no
tions of right and wrong, civilization
would be impossible. For every crime
there would be as many different pun
ishments as there are varieties in the
temper and vindiotiveness of individu
als. There would be no security for
life or property. In fact, as everybody
knows, the first step toward civilization
from savagery was the limitation of
private vengeance and the substitution
of the state for the individual as the
source of justice. The sort of "unwrit
ten law" for which Dr. Wilson argues
is nothing .less than the abolishment of
law and the delivery of mankind over
to anarchy. It is needless to remind a
clergyman that all the principles of re
ligion are inflexibly opposed to this.
No person can desire a reign of private
vengeance for wrong until he is ready
to set aside the commandments of the
Scriptures and the precepts of Jesus.
Perhaps we ought to apologize for cit
ing these antiquated authorities in a
controversy with a clergyman. We
know how little weight they bear in
some of our churches. Still, even at
the risk of seeming ridiculous in Dr.
Wilson's eyes, we will venture to cite
both the Old Testament and the New
against his wholesale scheme of per
mitted murder in revenge for private
wrong.
According to Blackstone, who -seems
to be higher authority in this case than
the Bible, a law is a rule of civil con
duct .prescribed by the sovereign authority-
in the state. Whether it is
written down or not is of no conse
quence, but that it should be "pre
scribed" toy authority is all important.
The rules which a person makes for
himself are not laws. To apply the
name "law" to them Is a serious mis
use of language. Truly the common
law of England is said, by a pretty
bald fiction, to ibe unwritten. Truly
also it is said by another fiction to have
originated in the principles of ancient
Justice. But if Dr. Wilson thinks that
the common law of England is a mat
ter left to individual caprice and
vengeance to determine and apply, he
is sadly mistaken. It is administered
wholly by the courts. It is as much a
matter of formal jurisprudence as the
written, or . statute, law, and proba
bly more so. By "unwritten law"
Blackstone means something totally
different from what Dr. Wilson means
by the phrase. The difference is so
wide and so patent that it seems al
most disingenuous to quote the great
legal commentator as favoring the sub
stitution of anarchy for the orderly pro
cedure ' of the courts. Where in his
writings can be found one word which
countenances private vengeance in
place of that redress which comes
tji rough the processes of the state?
Dr. Wilson in his 6ermon has con
fused 'two meanings of "unwritten law"
which ought, in all candor and reason,
to toe kept wholly distinct. If is some
thing worse than mere ignorance to say
that "unwritten law," meaning the
common law of England, which is also
the common law of the greater number
of - our own states, is the , same
thing as "unwritten law,'1 meaning the
right of every man to be Judge and
executioner in his own cause. But the
doctor has fallen also into another fal
lacy which one ought not to overlook.
He says that "among the3e well-accepted
principles this is fundamental,
that every man Is the natural protector
of his wife, his sister and his daugh
ter." Kow this is perfectly true. He is
also the natural protector of his cow
and his dog. But he is not the rightful
avenger of any of them. To be a pro
tector is one thing. To toe an avenger
is quite another. Dr. Wilson uses the
admitted right of every man to protect
his dependents against threatened
wron? as proof that he has the right
to take vengeance into his own hand
after the wrong has been committed.
The difference between the two propo
sitions is wide as the universe. The
first Is essential to the existence of or
dered civilization. The second would
destroy civilization.
RIVER SEAPORTS.
London, the greatest port in the
world, is a river port the wiith of
the Thames at London being no greater
than that of the Willamette at Port
land, and its volume much less; but.
since London is but forty miles from
the sea and has the advantage of a
considerable tide, it is not so clearly a
river port as some others say -Ham
burg, on the Elbe, ninety-three miles
from the sea, which indeed is wholly a
river port, and on no great stream, yet
is the second port in Europe, if not in
the world. . diamburg has been created
wholly toy improvement of the Elbe,
originally a shallow stream the whole
way to the sea, but now by industry,
enterprise and skill deepened for the
accommodation of the greatest com
merce centering at any port on the
continent of Eilrope.
The importance of Hamburg is due
wholly to the development of its ma
rine commerce. To open and to main
tain its channel to the sea, and to pro
vide a system of docks for the con
stantly growing business, has been the
progressive work of a long period. The
city has just voted no less a sum than
J14.375.000 for extension of these con
veniences. Increasing size of vessels
requires deeper channels, and Hamburg
is determined not to lose any advan
tage she possesses. The city now has
a population of nearly or quite one mil
lion; its position and growth have made
It a great railway center, and it is,
moreover, the center of an extended
system of canals. Nearly 20,000 vessels,
registering over 13,000,000 tons, entered
the port last year. Of course such a
city has vast manufacturing interests
also.
Precisely as Hamburg is so situated
as to be a great port, and a great rail
road and. manufacturing city, so is
Portland situated. The original advan
tages of Portland, on which the citv
began its growth, though neglected
temporarily during some past years
while railway enterprise was elsewhere
directed, begin to assert themselves
again, and with a force that astonishes
every one who beholds the results.
Portland is to be a great citv. It is
already becoming great. The key to it
all is the position in relation to the sea
and to the interior; and the connection
with the sea remains, as it was at the
beginning, the dominating factor. That.
with the situation at the gateway of
the mountains and at the approach and
outlet of the great valleys. wlU make
tne city great and constantly greater.
Portland will yet equal Hamburg, and
may surpass it, before more than a
very small fraction of the number of
years that Hamburg has seen has
rolled by. But Portland must make
and maintain a deep and deeper chan
nel to the sea. The progress that has
been made so far, giving u vessels of
twenty-five feet draught, where at the
beginning of our effort there was water
for no more than fourteen, gives assur
ance of still .better results yet to come.
PORTLAND'S UNPARALLELED ' PROS
PERITY.
The first half of the vir 1907 -
the most prosperous six months that
Portland has ever known. Bank clear
ings, Custom-House receipts, postofflce
receipts, building: nermits. real estsio
transfers, in short every factor which
in tne slightest degree affects our in
dustrial or commercial arrnwth. ban.
broken all existing records for the
penoa mentioned. With such enormous
gains scored in all directions, it ie dif
ficult to select anv na.rririiiar
of industry as more noteworthy than
otners, out in percentages of gain over
the corresponding month last year,
building -permits
best showing, the increase over June,
1906, being more than 100 per cent, while
tne increase for the entire six months
this year has toeen more than 9ft r.i-
cent over the first half of last year.
inese figures show that a. brn
amount of the property purchased last
year is now being built on by the own
ers. That this move in building has by
no means reached its limit Is quite evi
dent toy the fact that there is still an
unsatisfied demand for business and
residence quarters in all parts of the
city. Bank statements published a few
days ago railed to reflect In the niio-hr-
est degree anything like a scarcity of
money in mis city, and with an easy
financial situation in the dull Summer
season the outlook for fh n.in., t
very bright. The wheat crop prospects
in Oregon, Washington and iHahn o-.
the most favorable they have ever been
at mis date. The recent raina .ov.
practically Insured the harvest of a rec
ord crop in the three states, and th
price at which it will be marketed is
higher than has ever prevailed in any
previous Dig-crop year.
This crop alone will t1c in oimtiio.
tlon In the Pacific North-Mt r.aa.-i
$40,000,000, and as no small portion of it
wm rail into the hands of men whom
several previous good years on the
farm have placed in comfortable cir
cumstances, it will be available for in
vestment. The first half of the year
was notable for the number of large
timber deals iwhich were consummated
In the Pacific Northwest. In many of
these transactions the consideration
given in the deeds was only nominal
and it Is accordingly difficult to deter
mine the full value of the land that has
changed hands. In the aggregate, how
ever, the amount is many millions, and
there are deals now pending in vari
ous parts of Oregon and Washington
which will still' further swell the
amount. Practically all of the money
paid for these lands remains in the
Pacific Northwest for investment or de
posit in the banks. Most of these pur
chases have been made by "Eastern
lumbermen, who have been driven to
this new field by the exhaustion of sup
plies in their former homes, and they
have already begun preparations for
opening up to market some of the
tracts most easily reached.
The large increase in the number of
mills in this region has resulted in an
easier market for lumber on the Coast,
but the Eastern demand is still good,
and so rapidly does the demand catch
up with the increasing supply that
there Is no doubt about the new mills
selling their product as fast as it can
be manufactured. While wheat and
lumber are easily the two greatest re
sources of the territory served by Port
land, fruit, wool, hops, salmon and a
number of other commodities will this
year place in circulation & greater sum
than ever before. Under such condi
tions there is no reason to believe that
the remaining half of the year will
show any lesser gains in any line of
industry than have been shown during
the most prosperous six months that
Portland and Oregon have ever known.
WHAT MURPHY DID.
The death of Francis Murphy, the
temperance evangelist, removes from
this world a remarkable man. Begin
ning life in the humblest station, he
rose to be a social power of the first
rank. At his first series of meetings
In Pittsburg, 45,000 persons signed the
temperance pledge. His lectures
throughout America secured 10,000,000
signers. To this number add those
who came under his influence in Europe
and the result is something with few
parallels In history.
It is incredible that the famous Mur
phy pledge -was kept toy all who signed
it, toot a considerable proportion per
severed to the end. The promise was
to abstain from intoxicating beverages
and to try to persuade others to do the
same. Murphy himself never Invoked
the law as a means of "persuasion,"
but there can be no doubt that his
work was one of the most potent fac
tors in-creating- that wave of prohibi
tion, or. local-option, sentiment which
now promises to sweep the country.
Every Murphy . convert became an
enemy to the saloon, and from the en
mity which acts through persuasion
and denunciation to that which acts
through' law the transition Is easy. It
may be possible that !n consequence of
the efforts of Francis Murphy, Frances
Willard and other persons of potent in
fluence, taking effect through prohibi
tory legislation, we shall in a few years
see the last of the licensed saloon. This,
of course, is quite different from seeing
the last of liquor-drinking. What the
effect will toe upon manners and morals
is not altogether certain. The saloon
has its bad aspect, but as. wise and
good a woman as Jane Addams per
ceives that It Is not wholly bad. When
it goes, what will replace it as a poor
man's club?
WHAT IS A DEMOCRAT?
Mr. Bryan's answer to the question
"What is & Democrat?" in the New
York World throws but little light upon
that vexed and difficult problem.' His
remark that a Democrat is one who be
longs to the Democratic party and
votes with it eavors of evasiveness, for
the whole inquiry relates precisely to
the point "Wherein does the Demo
cratic party differ from the Republi
can?" To say that a Democrat Is a
Democrat and a Republican is a Re
publican violates no principle of ethics,
but it helps us little.
It is rather surprising to see a man
of Mr. Bryan's mental agility and, in
tellectual resources resort to the an
cient trick of defining a Democrat from
the etymology of the word. That this
perplexing party name comes from the
Greek demos and krateo and. therefore
signifies "popular rule," Is true enough;
but names are not things. A man may
borrow a saintly name to do the devil's
work under, and so may a party. It
Is impossible to. deduce what a party
stands for from the name it goes by.
We had expected from Mr. Bryan bet
ter things in the way of logic than
this somewhat infantile fallacy.
Nor does It enlighten us much to re
cur to Jefferson's remark that some
men are by nature aristocrats and oth
ers democrats. A democrat is by no
means always a Democrat, nor is an
aristocrat alwa-s a Republican. The
Bimple fact is that in each party, as
they exiet today, we find men of each
of these temperaments. In the Demo
cratic party there is an aristocratic
element which at the last Presidential
election gained decidedly the upper
hand. There is also a popular element
of which Mr. Bryan is the acknowl
edged leader. His rule that a Demo
crat must trust the people and direct
the Government for the public welfare
would make Judge Parker, Grover
Cleveland and Mr. Ryan all heretics.
The same two elements are equally
discernible in the Republican party.
The popular tendency with Mr. Roose
velt for a leader is at present dominant,
but the aristocratic faction is not ex
tinct. Mr. Bryan's principal error in his
interesting but fallible World article
consists in appropriating to tne Demo
cratic party Ideas and principles which
in this country do and must belong to
all parties. There are some funda
mental truths in which we all believe.
That popular rule is desirable is one of
them. That the Federal Government
should be supreme in National con
cerns and the states should regulate
local concerns is another. Over these
principles there is no party controversy
and can be. none, for. nobody disputes
them. At least they are only disputed .
by a very small number of voters. A
party which should call these primary
truths in question could never hope to
succeed In America.
It Is idle, therefore, to attempt to
distinguish between the parties by
claiming all our basic American ideas
for one of them. They belong to both.
The parties are distinguished! from each
other by variety in the method of car
rying out these ideas practically and
by contrary opinions about their log
ical interpretation. Thus the Republi
cans and Democrats cannot disagree
about the desirability of popular rule.
but they may well differ as to whether ,
or not the initiative and referendum
are the wisest expedients for making
popular rule effective. Likewise both
parties agree that the Government
must have revenue, but they may dif
fer as to whether a protective tariff is
the best expedient for raising it.
Jefferson's distinction between an
aristocratic and a popular, or demo
cratic, party does not apply in this
country. We have aristocrats but they
are too few and unimportant to con
stitute a party. They may temporarily
control either party, but neither for
very long. Political success in America
depends ultimately upon the favor of
the masses. The favoV of the isolated
few who despise- the people is, in the
long run, a positive disadvantage, and
politicians know It.
To end the matter, one may venture
to say that there is no definition of
eternal validity for either party. Both
men and ideas migrate from one to the
other continually. The Democrat of
today may, and, let us fervently hope,
will be a Republican tomorrow-. Arti
cles which yesterday composed the
Democratic creed are good Republican
ism today. There is no such vital dis
tinction between our parties as be
tween the Liberals and Tories in Eng
land. Here we are all Liberals, or the
vast majority of us. Parties differ
widely in their historical associations,
In the character of their leaders, in the
governmental expedients which they
advocate; tout in .their fidelity to Amer
ican institutions not at all, let us hope.
There is a small but model American
farm in Switzerland, Just outside of
Geneva, the property of an American
who has long resided there. United
States Consul Keen cites this farm as
an object-lesson which promises to be
of value to at least one American in
djustry. Last year the owner added
two seventy-five-ton American silos to
his equipment for maintaining his
dairy. For these the product of twelve
acres of fine American corn was
ground by electric power. During the
process of grinding Swiss "farmers
flocked to the place to see what to them
was a revelation in conserving and
storing food for stock. As a result in
quiries for seed corn and orders for
three silos have been given, each of
which will be a new advertisement of
a system for feeding dairy stock that
cannot fall to become popular with, this
practical, energetic and economical
people. Consul Keene adds that In a
country abounding in water power the
spread of silos will create a demand
for electric motors which American
manufacturers may readily work to
their profit.
The steel trust and the railroads are
discussing . the poor rail question, and
the representatives of the trust are
said to have expressed the belief that
they could make a superior rail for $33
per ton Instead of the $28 they are
now receiving. The testimony of rail
road men is all to the effect that the
steel trust formerly made a very good
rail for $28 per ton. Steel rails sell
for much less than $28 per ton in Eu
rope, and the quality is far superior
to that of the American rails. Here is
another opportunity toy which tariff re
form could save life and Vnoney for
the Americans. By granting American
railroad managers the privilege of
buying good rails abroad at less money
than the cost of poor rails at home.
the American- manufacturer would be
forced to meet the competition with
better rails at lower prices. There
might toe fewer Carnegie libraries and
Corey scandals floating around, but
there would also be fewer railroad ac
cidents attended with fearful loss of
life.
The State Teachers" Association, now
In session in Salem, promises to be one
of the most instructive and pleasant
educational conventions ever held in
the state. A variety of topics bearing
on public education . will be treated
from the standpoint of men and women
of experience in industrial, business
and educational life. The sessions will
occupy three days, closing tomorrow
evening. A very large attendance of
teachers and others interested is as
sured. Press dispatches 'say that Rockefel
ler's home is being sruarded bv em
ployes to prevent officers from serving
mm wnn a summons. s nro srm
courts delight to exercise the power to
Punish for contemnts. this mle-ht afford
an excellent opportunity to run in a
good bunch. Rockefeller among them.
ano sena mem up lor ten days for in
terfering with the work of the court.
The Hamburg-American line has let
a' contract for a 50,000-ton steamship.
Being a progressive country, unham
pered by any .absurd navigation laws,
the German company will have this
leviathan built at a British yard-. Any
American attempting such heresy,
however, would not be permitted to fly
the American flag over his ship, after
she was built.
If John A. Johnson should be nomi
nated by the Democrats, the Republi
can campaign managers will know
enough not to try to injure his cause
by reminding him that his father was
once an Inmate of a poorhouse. That
was sprung in a state campaign one
time and it elected him Governor.
If Pinkerton detectives, hired toy the
mineowners, got into the miners' labor
union and were elected to high, posi
tions therein, we wonder if it will
turn out that' Haywood was also one
of them?
If Judge Loving had been sober
enough to look after his daughter once
in a while perhaps she would not. have
been out riding with a young man who
would get her drunk.
Now if the Beavers can only win the
next eighteen games straight, we shall
begin to feel that Portland has a faint
chance to fly the Pacific Coast pennant
another year.
Let those who object to a noisy
Fourth put the blame where it belongs.
Hancock, Jefferson, Adams and the rest
at this late day won't mind the abuse.
Japan doesn't like "the great white
plague." Its headquarters are in San
Francisco, where the Japs are in great
indignation because of it.
This is the season when American
children and the president of the
Standard Oil indulge in the game of
hide-and-seek.
It is noteworthy that neither Colonel
Tucker nor his wife lived in Pittsburg.
One fails to note among July bargain
sales elabwood and fireworks.
JESSE GRANT FOR PRESIDENT.
Democrats Mildly Susrseat His Name aa
a Candidate.
Pittsburg, Gazette-Times.
Democrats who are puzzling over the
problem of finding an acceptable candi
date for the party, one on whom all the
factibns can unite, are mentioning the
name of Jesse R. Grant, son of the late
General Grant, for the purpose of dis
covering with what favor his candidacy
will be received. Mr.' Grant, it is under
stood, is willing to accept the nomina
tion. He has declared that he is not only
in a receptive frame of mind, but stands
ready to come out in the open and make
a fight for the honor. Mr. Grant is the
only son of the great commander who
has strayed from the political faith of his
father. It Is quite plain that his friends
are urging his claims in the hope that
In the event of his nomination, the sen
timent clustering around the name will
attract the old soldier vote. That Is not
likely to follow. The soldiers who vote
the Republican ticket train with that
party from principle, and at present
there is no reason to affiliate with the
Democracy, simply on sentimental sug
gestion. General Hancock, a brave and
gallant soldier, was nominated by the
Democrats for President in 1SS0. but he
failed to rally any appreciable number
of those who served under him to his
support.
It is possible that Mr. Grant may make
a good candidate for the Democracy con
sidering the distracted condition of the
party. He has led a clean life. In the
West, where he lives and is best known,
his reputation as a practical miner is
expected by the promoters of his candi
dacy to be as popular a theme as President-
Rooseevlt's record as a rancher.
Added to this 1s the fact that he has
never been identified with any faction
of his party. It will be more important
to the Democrats to consider these
things than to pin ' their hopes of suc
cess on the popularity of his father's
name. In these days men are judged by
what they are, and not by what their
forbears were.
WHAT IS A DEMOCRAT!
Brooklyn Eagle. Ind. Dem. '
The World newspaper asks Mr. Bryan:
"What is a Democrat?" His answer does
not satisfy that paper. Enough people
who regard themselves as Democrats, but
who do not think Mr. Bryan is a Demo
crat, voted against him, and twice pre
vented him from becoming President.
They will do so again, if he be nomi
nated. Mr. Bryan's Answer.
Philadelphia Ledger.
Mr. Bryan has been answering the
question "What Is a Democrat?" The
mere forwarding of his autograph would
have covered the case as effectively.
Definition.
Cleveland Plajndealer.
The Kid Pa, what is an "automobile
meet?"
The Dad Anybody that gets In the way
of one is automobile meat.
Instruction for the Young.
Chicago Tribune.
Johnny The doctor says Uncle
Humphry has Brlght's disease.
His Mamma The doctor may call it
that if he pleases, my dear, but you
should say Mr. Brlg-hfs disease.
Certainly Not. .
Chicago Tribune.
Physician Your boy will pull through
all right. He has a wonderful constitu
tion. .
Mr. Tyte-Phist I am glad to hear It,
doctor. In making out your bill, of
course, you will not make me' pay for
what his constitution has done in pulling
him through.
Our .loon's" Story.
From the Youth's Companion.
John Barrett, the new director of the
bureau of American republics, tells a
good story on himself. Some years ago
he was asked by a friend to make a
speech at a big barbecue which was to
be held at a distant town.
His friend was to have been the prin
cipal speaker, but owing to Illness was
unable to attend; so he sent Mr. Barrett
instead. He telegraphed the chairman of
the barbecue that "John Barrett, ex
minister to Siam. would deliver the ad
dress of the day."
The chairman, being acquainted with
ministers of only one kind, was aston
ished that Mr. Barrett should be sent.
When the time came for the speech be
went to the front of the platform to
introduce the speaker. After consulting
the telegram again to be sure of the
name, he said:
"It gives me great pleasure to intro
duce the principal speaker of the day.
The Rev. John Barrett, ex-missionary of
Slam, will now speak."
Gave the Impression of Troth.
Springfield (Mass.) Republican.
Is Orchard's own story a true story in
all respects, not merely as to an asserted
connection with the defendant Haywood
and others of the "inner circle" of the
Western Federation of Miners, but as to
many of the crimes of which Orchard
claims to be guilty? The appearance of
the witness throughout the long ordeal of
examination, his quiet and self-contained
manner and the entire absence of any
boastful spirit, conveys an Impression of
truthfulness. If it was the purpose of
the defense on cross-examination to upset
the story at any material point, a failure
to do so adds strength to this impression.
If the de'fense had another purpose in
view, such as to elaborate the story In
order to afford ground for future attack.
or to blacken the character of the wit
ness as much as possible and so discredit
his testimony In relation to the defend
ant, this will later appear. So far, how
ever, the story stands and sends a thrill
of horror through the country.
Education AVlll Tell.
Atlanta Constitution. '
"Thar, my son, you see what larnin'
done fer yer daddy, don't you?"
"What maw?"
"Why, Jest as soon as the gover'ment
knowed that he could do figgers in his
head they 'p'lr.ted him postmaster at
$60 a year, and purty soon he'll be
sellin' stamps what goes on letters!"
Awkward Mistake.
Chicago Tribune.
Mrs. Upmore (making a call) "Why,
trila i vr.nr Intent nhntntrrgnh I rn' If9
It's an excellent likeness of you, but
it im t so good ot baby, wasn t he '
Mrs. Hiehmus "The idea! DM vnn
tninK tne little darling in my
was baby? That's FIdo!"
lap
Enjoys a Mahogany Sidewalk.
Architects and Builders' Journal.
William H. Tripp of Janesvllle, Wis
is believed to be the only man in Amerl
ica who can boast of having a mahog
any sidewalk in front of his home.
Recently he had a consignment of
goods from the West Indies. The goods
came in mahogany barrels, from which
he htfd a sidewalk built.
Jly Fourth Ahead of Time.
Baltimore News.
A friend slapped Morris Northway
with a shingle, in sport, at Ithaca, N.
Y., and set oft a lot of matches in his
hip pocket. Northway jumped into
Cayuga Lake and extinguished himself.
Where Tillman Isn't Appreciated.
Washington (D. C.) Post.
Because many patrons of the Fox' River
Chautauqua refused to use their tickets
if Senator Tllman remained on the list
of lecturers, his engagement for July 10
has been canceled.
THE TREXD OF LOG STUMPAGE
Increase Caused by Available Supply
Being Withdraws From Market.
From Census Bulletin 77. issued by
the Department of Commerce and
Labor:
Throughout the country the value
of log stumpage is increasing. The
average value per thousand feet,
board measure, for the United States
Increased from $2.18 In 1900 to $2.59
in 1905, a rise of 41 cents, or 18.8 per
cent. This advance in th cost of
stumpage added $11,472,115 to the
total cost of sawmill material arid In
creased the value of lumber propor
tionately. The Increase ts d-ue not so
much to a present shortage in the supply
of lumber material in the country as
a whole as to the fact that the avail
able supply of log stumpage is rapidly
being brought up and withdrawn from
the market. On the Pacific slope Is
still to be found the cheapest high
grade stumpage in the country, though
the values in this region show sub
stantial increases over 1900.
Practically all species of merchant
able timber have Increased in stump
age value. Yellow pine, which was
tho species most used at both cen
suses. Increased in value per thousand
board feet from J1.12 to W.68. White
pine Increased from $3. to 14.62;
Douglas fir, the chief species converted
into lumber in the states of Washing
ton and Oregon, from 77 cents to $1.05;
hemlock, from $2.56 to $3.51: oak, from
$3.18 to $3.83; spruce, from $2.26 to $3.70;
and cypress, from $1.58 to $3.42. Red
wood, found only in California, ad
vanced In value from $1.06 to $1.55. or
46.2 per cent.
The increased value of log stumpage
is reflected In the increased value of
the products of the lumber camps. Saw
logs, the principal product of the in
dustry, increased in quantity . from
25,279,702 thousand feet in 1900 to 27,
980.768 in 1905. a gain of 10.7 per cent;
but they Increased In value from $158,
880,352 to 210.074,486. a gain of 32.2
per cent. The number of railway ties
reported Increased trom 22.524,640 to
36,445.308, or 61.8 per cent; while
their value increased from $6,277,439
to $12,413,793, or 97.8 per cent. The
average value of a tie rose from 28
cents in 1900 to 34 cents in 1905. In
this connection It should be noted that
the census figures do not include ties
cut by farmers during tho Winter
months and sold directly to the rail
roads. It should also be noted that
the figures are for hewn ties. Sawed
ties are forming an Increasing per
centage of the total production of rail
way ties in the country, and they are
reported by the mills In thousand feet
under the heading of rough lumber.
The other products of the lumber
camp generally show an increase both
In quantity and value: Hemlock bark,
however, decreased in Quantity from
471.802 cords to 391,691 cords, but it in
creased in value from $1,940,067 to
$2,347,463. Charcoal decreased both in
quantity and value.
The increase in the average value
of all lumber was from $11.14 per
thousand tc.f In 1900 to $12.76 at the
census of 1905. of 14.5 per cent. The
advance extended to all species of both
conifers and hard woods, and In the
case of several of them was large.
Among the conifers, yellow pine ad
vanced from $8.59 per thousand feet
to $10.10; whits pine, from $12.72 to
$14.92; hemlock, from $9.97 to $11.91;
Douglas fir, from $8.67 to $9.51; spruce,
from $11.29 to $14.03; and cypress, from
$13.34 to $17.50. Oak increased from
$14.02 per thousand feet to $17.51; pop
lar, from $14.22 to $18.90; maple, from
$11. S3 to $14.94; cottonwood, from
$10.35 to $14.92; elm. from $11.57 to
$14.45; and gum, from $9.75 to $10.87.
Six Big Battleships Oat of Fashion.
Omaha Bee.
Navy experts report that six of the na
tion's big battleships are defective in
construction. It matters little, as they
were built more than a year ago. and
accordingly are as much out of style as
last year's Easter bonnet.
Lighted Cigars Celluloid Collar Hos
pital. St. Paul Pioneer-Press.
A practical Joker touched the business
end of his cigar to Charles Collins' cel
luloid collar in a St. Louis streetcar.
Collins Is in a hospital.
DECREASE IN NATIONAL DEBT
Sixteen Million Dollars Less for
Month of June.
WASHINGTON, July 1. The monthly
statement of the public debt shows that
at the close of the fiscal year June 31,
1907. the public debt, less cash In the
Treasury, amounted to $878,596,755, which
is a decrease for the month of $16,185,775.
The cash in the Treasury was increased
during the month by nearly $11,000,100
making the total cash in the Treasury
$1.688,0L'7.S6.
The cash in the Treasury totals $1,6S8.
027,06. against which there are demand
liabilities outstanding amounting to $1,269.
445.649, which leaves a cash balance on
hand of $481,581,407.
President Makes Appointments.
OYSTER BAY. N. Y.. July 1. President
Roosevelt today approved the placing of
Captain Perry Garst on the retired list
with the rank of Rear-Admiral.
The President appointed Dr. Edwin G.
Dexter, head of the School of Education
of the University of Illinois, as Comls
sioner of Education of Porto Rico. He
will assume office August 1.
JaP F THE WHTIE5 r
" WMD WtRc Ot'i 2 tt -
. AWAT flTHJ0v'r, jSjjffr$!&.
' IAN0 Wal Rt- &&Ilfi, I "
turn the $a-me . eK K " f
atomce.no iw y&
QUESTIONS WlU WWfef '
- 86 ASKED. --yunfll i
fsw IS if f(! -J3
&fi&2i h
From the Denver Republican.
SAM FINDS A SLICE OR TWO OX HIS BACK PORCH MOST EVERT
JIOBMKO KOW.
TTNCXE
ANIMALDOM
IN THE
SUNDAY
OREGONIAN
Beginning with the next issue
The Sunday Oregonian will pub
lish a series of animal stories in
rhyme with colored pictures,
illustrations and text by J. J.
Mora.
These are most charming.
Nothing in Nature so attracts
youngsters as the quadruped
creation. Endow animals with
human qualities that a child
comprehends and you have aa
irresistible attraction.
Now if you add humor, the
child's delight is complete.
Mr. Mora, while a capital illus
trator, is also a good story
teller; his jingles are certain to
be looked for eagerly every
week.
The series begins next Sun
day, July 7.
CAX'T FIX EVACUATION DATE
Taft Says Plans for Cnban Election
Xot Changed.
WASHINGTON. July L Secretary Taft
threw some additional light upon his
plans regarding the American evacua
tion of Cuba today by sending the fol
lowing cablegram to Governor Magoon at
Havana:
"I am in receipt of a telegram from
General Loynas Castillo as to something
I have had with reference to the restora
tion of Cuba to the Republic. The plan
for the revolution of the government of
the island upon the person to be selected
by a fair election, as outlined in my
letter to you, has not been changed in
the slightest. The question of the time
within which that can be worked out,
due to the doubt as to the time in which
the census can be taken, is a mere matter
of opinion. Please advise General Cas
tillo accordingly."
NO DISCONTENT OX ISTHMVS
Goethals Says Reports Array Officers
Will Withdraw False.
WASHINGTON. July 1. What would
appear to be conclusive contradltlon of
the reports recently published In this
country to the effect that the army of
ficers engaged In the work of construct
ing the Panama Canal are endeavoring
to belittle the task Is contained in the
cablegram received at the War Depart
ment today from Panama:
"Everything going well and harmoni
ously. Report of dissatisfaction and de
sire to withdraw absolutely false.
GOETHALS."
Will Issue New Small Bills.
WASHINGTON. July L The Treasury
Department today began carrying into
effect the provisions of the Aldrich act.
which confers upon the Secretary of the
Treasury authority to Issue all necessary
quantities of small bills to meet the busi
ness needs of the country. The largo
denominations of gold certificates are
being replaced by new $10 certificates,
which will be Issued from the sub
treasury beginning today. Small silver
certificates In large quantities will be
lBsued at once, as will a new series of
United States $5 notes, which wUl take
the place of a large amount of silver
certificates. It ts believed that fully $350.
000,000 of the new gold certificates will be
required to meet the demands.
INDIANS FEELING VERY TJGIjT
Gill Called From Agency, a Influ
ence Is Gone.
PHOENIX. Ariz., July L-The Sheriff's
posse sent to Fort McDowell last night
on account of the threatened uprising of
the Apaches subsequent to the killing of
Austin Navajo, a native, by Agent W.
H. Gill, returned today. No demonstra-.
tlon was made by the natives, but ugly
feeling still exists.
Mr. Gill baa been Instructed to bring
bis family back to Phoenix, as his in
fluence is considered broken. Two or
three officials of the Phoenix Indian
school are left there In charge of affairs.
Fulton Goes to Grant's Pass.
ASTORIA, Or., July 1. (Special.)
Senator Fulton will leave tomorrow
for Grant's Pass, where he Is to deliver
an address on the Fourth. On leaving
there he will visit a number of cities
along the main line of the Southern
Pacific to confer with the people rela
tive to legislation pending before Con
gress, and will return to Astoria in
time to assist in the entertainment of
Vice-President Fairbanks on July 15.