PORTLAND, OREGON, MONDAY, APRIL
VOL. XLVI.-NO. 14,468.
02
1907.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
OREGON
EDITORS
WIT THIRD TERM
Roosevelt's Refusal Is
No Bar, They Say.
NO DAMAGE FROM HARRIMAN
Railroad King's Fight, They
Think, Helps President.
PRAISE CORPORATION CURB
Out of Thirty-two Xewspaper Chiefs,
Only Four Speak Against Re
election, and Two of the
Four are Democrats.
Sentiment of Oregon newspapers strong
ly supports the now-term Idea for Roose
velt, but la evenly divided on the question
whether he should name the Republican
nominee, should he himself not be the
candidate of the party. This sentiment Is
revealed tn letters received from newspa
pers In Oregon 0UU14 Portland,' In re
sponse to The OreRonlans query.
The Oregonlan sant trT query to 76
newspapT", and hac received up to this
date 32 rp"iles. Only four of the replies
oppose another term the Albany Demo
crat and the Hlllsboro Argus, both Demo
cratic, and the Salera Statesman and The
Dalles Optimist, Republican. The Op
timist Is the paper which outspokenly
opposed the election of Jonathan Bourne,
Jr., United States Senator.
"Another term" Is used here. Instead
of "third term" because some of the
replies take the view that as Roosevelt
has been nominated for President and
elected to that office only once he would
be elected next year to a second term,
and would not therefore break the old
rule that one man shall have but two
terms.
Ilarrlman Strengthens Roosevelt.
Most of the replies mention the con
troversy with Harrlman as having
strengthened Roosevelt; in fact, such Is
the expression of those favoring his re
nomlnatlon. Their universal opinion Is
that no other man Is so well suited to
the people's demands or to execution of
the policies Inaugurated by him.
But many of the editors who think
Roosevelt should be renominated say that
In case he should not be named he
should not pick his successor; that the
people should do that themselves, just
as they would pick Rodsevelt.
The opinion of Editor Bennett, of The
Dalles Optimist, may be taken as a sam
ple of those opposed to another term.
Says he: "We believe he (Roosevelt)
would stultify himself by accepting an
other nomination. After his re
peated declarations, his acceptance now
would seem tantamount to a sharp po
litical trick."
Editor Hendricks, of the Salem States
man, taking a similar view, says: "The
wise precedent established In the begin
ning (against three terms) should not
be violated under any kind of technl
callty."
Roosevelt's Refusal In 1904.
In this connection it may be In place
to quote the "refusal" of Roosevelt's
made in a personal statement to news
paper correspondents at the 'White House
on the night of election day, November
S, 1004. It was as follows:
On the fourth of March next I shall nave
served three and a half years, and this
three and a half years constitutes my first
term. The wise custom which limits the
President to two terms regards the sub
stance and not the form, and under no cir
cumstances will I ba a candidate for or ao-
cept another nomination.
The questions asked of the newspapers
on another term for Roosevelt were as
follows :
Does public sentiment tn ymjr city and
county support President Kooseveit and his
policies as strongly aa ever? Have recent
eventa, such aa the Harrlman controversy,
for example, impaired the President's pop
ularity? Ought he to be renominated for
President in 1903, and would publio senti
ment justify him tn accepting a renomlna
tlon despite his positive announcement of
November 8, 1804. that he would not be a
candidate and would under no circum
stances accept? if the President shall not
be renominated, will he be able to name the
Republican candidate?
The replies were as follows:
Roosevelt Stronger Than Ever.
J. C. Hayter, editor Dallas. Polk Coun
ty. Observer While the writer has al
ways admired President Roosevelt more
as a "starter" than as a "finisher," It
must be acknowledged that he has done
more than any other living American to
arouse the people to the need of effective
reform In social. Industrial and political
conditions. Publio sentiment In Polk
, County is stronger for Roosevelt and his
policies than ever before. The very fact
that the corporate Interests are steadily
fighting and seeking to embarrass him
furnishes sufficient reason for his renoml
natlon and election. Under existing con
ditions President Roosevelt Is his own
logical successor, and he would certainly
be Justified !n accepting a renomlnatton.
notwithstanding his repeated declarations
that under no circumstances will he again
be a candidate. If the President shall not
be renominated. It is certain that the Re
publican convention will be guided large
ly by his wishes In naming a candidate,
as his policies are the Important planks
f the platform upon which the candidate
must stand who would entertain any hope
of election. Such Is the faith of the
American people In the President's de
sire to better the condition of his coun
try that the Influence of his indorsement
of a candidate to succeed him Irt office
would be a factor for success In the elec
tion, the importance of ' which no con
vention of delegates could afford lightly
to oensider.
Xo Other Man So Suitable.
George A. Sciblrd, editor Union Repub
lican: In my opinion, public sentiment in
this city and county supports President
Roosevelt end his policies as strongly as
ever. He appears to have friends and
admirers among all classes of people, re
gardless of politics.
Recent controversies do not seem to
have impaired his strength or decreased
his admirers In this part of the state.
The nomination of Roosevelt In 1908
seems a necessity. In order that his proj
ects under way and plans as outlined may
be carried out to completion a task
which it is very doubtful that any other
man could -take up and finish in a manner
satisfactory to -the people. .
Conditions having arisen which could
not be foreseen at the time of President
Roosevelt's announcement that he would
not again be a candidate for the Presi
dential chair, public sentiment would
probably justify his acceptance of the
nomination for another term.
Next to the nomination of President
I
11 -;'
C. G. Huntley, of Clackamas County,
Who Originated Roosevelt's Idea
of Taxing Government for Cam
paign Expenses of Candidates.
Roosevelt, the people would probably
gladly welcome a suggestion from him as
to who, in his opinion, could best carry
out the work and complete the plans he
has outlined, and with which the public
seems well satisfied.
Roosevelt Needs Longer Time.
T. L. Dugger, editor Scio Santiam
News: Without doubt President Roose
velt holds a more exalted place In the
confidence of the people of Linn County
today than ever before. They believe In
him since the Harrlman Incident as never
before. Just In proportion as the prose
cutions of the trusts, railway mergers,
etc.. is being developed Is the faith and
confidence of the people growing In the
President. The way In which he Is ex
emplifying his "square deal" is eminently
satisfactory to the people. Their only
fear Is that he cannot complete the work
that has been so auspiciously begun by
the 4th of March, 1909. Hence, the people
of Linn County and the forks of the San
tiam In particular would like to 1 make
another four years' contract with Tiim In
order that the work may be completed.
Possibly the people might support a can
didate whom the President might name as
loyal as he, but I doubt It. Certainly
not, should Mr. Bryan be nominated by
the Democrats. Should the President be
renominated our people would dislike to
see Mr. Bryan his opposing candidate.
Both men are friends of the people, and
with many Democrats a choice would be
difficulty
Refusal Should Not Be Accepted.
Edward Curran, editor Condon Times
President Roosevelt is a strong man In
Gilliam County, In fact stronger today
than ever before, this because no breath
of suspicion has ever attached to his life,
motives, actions or honesty. The recent
Harrlman controversy has only tended to
strengthen him In the minds and esteem
of the people of this county.
Irrespective of his refusal, he ought to
be named as the standard-bearer of the
people of the Nation. In the calling of a
conscript a man's refusal counts for
nothing. The times demand men ana
they must serve the Nation and the peo
ple. So should it be In 1908.
If he should not be called to lead the
party, his Influence and popularity would
no doubt give him heft enough to name
the man who would fill his place. And
why not? He knows men and the people
know that he knows the man, better
than any one else, who embodies his poli
cies, his Ideals. The President's policies
and Ideals have inspired the common peo
ple and they have been the full amplifica
tion of right, truth, justice and the square
deal.
Roosevelt Policies Need Roosevelt.
Herbert L. Gill, editor Woodburn In
dependent The sentiment of an over
whelming majority In this section Is
for Mr. Roosevelt as his own successor.
The Harrlman controversy has had a
tendency to accentuate the feeling of
the people here of implicit confidence
in the honesty of the President in his
battle In behalf of the common people.
No other Republican candidate Is taken
into consideration, as it seems to be
the prevailing opinion that Mr. Roosevelt
will be the Republican ncminee, regardless
of his declaration that he would not, un
der any circumstances, accept. If he is
not nominated, the people will be bitterly
disappointed, and the Roosevelt pro
gramme will be endangered. The Presi
dent would doubtless be able to name the
Republican candidate, but the masses
would not place In such nominee the same
assurance as they would in Mr. Roose
velt, The people here, so far as I can
glean, believe that Mr. Roosevelt as Pres
ident is a vitally necessary factor In the
promulgation of his landed policies.
Democrats Also Want Roosevelt.
William J. Clarke, editor Gervais Star
President Roosevelt Is the undoubted
choice of the people of this Immediate
section for President for another term.
This sentiment is not confined to Re
publican ranks alone, but finds awaken
ing support among Democrats. His con
troversy with Mr. Harrlman has in no
wise lessened him in public support.
President Roosevelt can hardly afford
to dictate to the people his preferences
for Presidential timber. It Is question
able if the advice or suggestions will
be followed. Is the sentiment here.
Roosevelt the Only Favorite.
T. T. Geer, editor Pendleton Tribuni
My opinion . is that In this section of
Oregon the sentiment of the people is
overwhelmingly in favor of President
Roosevelt's policies as to the control of
corporations and that his controversy
(.Concluded. An rajra. -i
SAYS PROSPERITY
E
Head, of Rock Island
System Optimistic.
ALL INDUSTRIES HEALTHY
B. F. Yoakum Thinks Hostile
Agitation Will Soon Cease.
COUNTRY BOUND TO GROW
Declares Pendulum of Business Is
Swinging to an Era of Greater
Progress Than Ever, Despite .
1 Antl - Railroad Feeling.
CHICAGO, April 21. (Special.) "Indus
trial conditions In all the territory trav
ersed by our lins indicate a continuance
of the remarkably prosperous era," said
B. V. Yoakum, head of the Rock Island
Frisco Railway system, on his arrival
here from New York for a conference
with leading officials of the system.
"The various matters which have
caused much concern to the transporta
tion Interests of this country undoubtedly
are nearer adjustment, and with the ces
sation of unfriendly agitation will come a
better relation between the carriers and
their patrons," continued Mr. Yoakum.
"There seems no good reason why there
should be any diminution of the prosper
ity of this country. Not only Is the vol
ume of traffic on our lines today as heavy
as It ever was, but the contracts In hand
of manufacturing and Industrial concerns
make certain a continuation of the vol
ume of traffic for a long time to come a
year, at least.
"It is unfortunate that event9 have oc
curred which have hampered the railroads
in their plans to extend their lines and to
Increase their facilities for handling traf
fic, but I am confident of a complete re
turn to normal conditions. This comntry
Is bound to grow bigger and better in
every way, and not go backward. - Devel
opment of the railways Is the greatest
aid In the development of tha country.
The closer the relations between the rail
ways the better for all Interests.
"Unquestionably, the reaction of public
sentiment regarding the railroads has set
in and Is steadily growing. Some legis
lation has been enacted that was not well
considered, but, apparently, anti-railway
bills are no longer advocated by the busi
ness Interests of this country, or by the
general public. The pendulum Is swing
ing the other way."
. Denver Denies Stories.
DENVER, Colo.. April 21. Meyer Fried
man, president of the Denver Chamber of
Commerce, after a conference with the
officers of the National Jewish Hospital
for Consumptives today, with their ap
proval Issued a protest against the lrre-
WILL GO
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t Wlta acknowledgements to the New York Herald. . i
E VENTS OF COMING WEEK
The Jamestown Exposition, com
memorating the SOOtb anniversary
of the first English settlement In '
America, will open at Norfolk, W.
Va, on- Friday with President Eoom
velt as the guest of honor. The ex- .
position will continue until Novem
ber so.
A commission appointed under the
immigration act passed by Congress
last Winter, which will make a
thorough Investigation of the whole
question of immigration " so far
as It affects the United states,
will hold its first meeting In
Washington on Monday. It is -likely
that before the commission
complete its work it will have
visited many of the countries of Eu
rope for the study of the immigra
tion of aliens at close range, and
inquire thoroughly Into the restric
tions placed upon Chinese and Jap
anese immigration. The findings and
recommendations of the committee
will be submitted to Congress and
used as a basis of immigration leg
islation. The Interstate Commerce Commis
sion will give- hearings at Colum
bus. O-. Memphis. Tenn. and Louis
ville. Ky.. this week.
The economic committee, which acta
In an advisory capacity to the German
government In tariff matters, has
been called to meet April 22 to dis
cuss Germ an -American tarift rela
tions. The temporary arrangements
recently negotiated at Washington
by Secretary Root and Baron von
Sternberg, the German Ambassador,
for an extension of the most favored
nation treatment will be laid before
the committee.
.sponsible utterances of agents concerning
health conditions In Denver. He said the
efforts of agents to collect funds by arous
ing sympathy through statements that
consumptives by the hundreds were
houseless In Denver and dying In the
streets were cruelly false and utterly un
warranted. These conditions do not pre
vail In Denver:
BLOWS STRUCK IH CHURCH
ROW BETWEEN FACTIONS ENDS
IN OPEN BATTLE.
Police Refuse to( Interfere and Order
Only Restored When One
Side Withdraws. '"
PORTSMOUTH, O., April ZL Rivalry
between factions of the Free Will Bap
tist Church broke out here In open bat
tle during this morning's service. A fac
tion opposing the pastor,- Rev. Freeman
Chase, attempted to hold service with
another minister in charge. This was re
sented by the Chase faction and soon
blows were being freely exchanged.
During the melee, many women fainted
and others ran screaming Into the street.
The police were appealed to, but refused
to interfere. Finally the new minister
withdrew, leaving Mr. Chase and his sup
porters in charge, and order was restored.
BENEDICT GIMBEL IS DEAD
Succumbs to Self-inflicted Wonnds
Made After His Arrest.
NEW YORK, April 22. Benedict
Gimbel, the wealthy Philadelphia mer
chant, who cut his throat and wrists
with broken glass In a hotel In Ho
boken. soon after he had been arrest
ed on serious charges in this city, died
in St. Mary's Hospital at Hoboken,
shortly before 8 o'clock this morning.
STRUGGLE NOW
TO 11 NEW YORK
Roosevelt Forces Must
Fight Machine.
LEADERS LINE UP FOR FRAY
"Big Sack" Will Contest "Big
Stick" in Empire State. -
INTERESTS FORFAIRBANKS
Administration to Use Every Kffort
to Unite Recalcitrant Forces
bo That Hughes May Have
Support of Organization.
NEW YORK, April 21. (Special.)
That the fight in Ohio will not take up
all of President Roosevelt s spare time
is clearly Indicated by the attitude of
Henry W. Taft, brother of the Secre
tary of War. Mr. Taft went to Wash
ington this week and had a long con
ference with the President, presuma
bly on the subject of the next tenant
of the White House. Immediately af
ter leaving Roosevelt Mr. Taft gave
out the following statement regard
ing conditions In New York:
Must Iiine Up With Hughes.
Public opinion approves the main features
of Governor Hughes' policies. The Repub
lican party In the state stands for the pol
icies of President Roosevelt and the latter
supports Governor Hughes because they
work on similar lines and have the -same
purposes.
Some of the leaders of the Republican
organization seem to be put in the attitude
of opposition to Hughes. This cannot con
tinue if the state is to be kept In the Re
publican ranks, and I believe that what
must be found is some way by which the
Governor mar be given the sympathetic
support of the organisation.
1 feel sure that the President believes
that Governor Hughes' policies are good and
should, with such changes as a friendly
consideration may suggest, be put into ef
feet. Tha Republican organisation should
have the advantage of the support of the
publio opinion which Hughes is leading, and
he should have the support of a political
organisation which will aid him to .carry
his views into practical effect.
Mr. Taffs remarks, which are believed
to have been Inspired, have created great
excitement among the politicians. They
regard It as a practical notice that oppo
sition to Hughes means not only the loss
of state patronage, but of National pap
as well. Some of them are seeking peace,
while others are preparing for war, and
both factions are mighty busy.
President's Opponents Active.
A conference of anti-Roosevelt Repub
licans was held In this city the other
day, and among those who attended were
an ex-Governor of the state, an ex-presi
dent of the New York County committee,
and three State Senators. It was the
unanimous opinion, as vblced by one of
the Senators, that the Roosevelt pro
gramme contemplates a National con
vention delegation for Taft and a re
nomlnatlon for Hughes.
'Should Taft fail to carry Ohio," this
Senator added, "I would expect to see
him withdraw from the race and throw
his strength to Hughes. The President
thoroughly realizes the popularity and
vote-getting qualities of the Governor
and is disposed to utilize them to the
full extent of his ability."
As a result of the anti-Roosevelt con
ference a movement Is" now on foot to
put up a fight for some other candidate
than Taft or Hughes.
Several names are under consideration
at present, but the one that seems to
meet with the most favor is that of Vice
President Charles W. Fairbanks. The
antf-Roosevelt men believe that the Vice
President is the man who can control
the best financial backing, and they figure
that the only practical way to fight men
Senator S. H. Piles, of Seattle, Mem
ber Congressional Party to Visit
Hawaii.
who have offices to give out is with cash
and plenty of it.
Open New Deal With a Sack.
There is a rumor afloat that E. H.
Harrlman will figure actively, although
perhaps Inconspicuously, In the effort
to turn Roosevelt's own state against
him. Mr. Harrlman has not liked the
President for some time, and since their
recent quarrel his feelings are said to
be Indescribable.
Although It Is generally admitted that
the majority of the Republican rank and
file are with Roosevelt and Hughes, yet
It cannot be denied that the machinery
of the party in the different counties of
the state Is In the hands of men who
are Opposed, either openly or secretly,' to
the President and the Governor. Outside
of ' New York County, where Congress
man Herbert Parsons controls the. or
ganization, the practical politicians are
all anxious for a new deal.
The list of those who are expected to
line up for Fairbanks is a long and Im
posing one, although at the present time
nearly all of them are under cover.
Woodruff for Fairbanks.
State Chairman Timothy L. Wood
ruff Is put at the head of the list, al
though at present he has not an
nounced where he stands. Woodruff is
the undisputed ruler of the 23 Assem
bly Districts in King's County, and
although numerous efforts have been
made to oust him they have all failed.
Mr. Woodruff has received absolutely
no recognition from the present Gov
ernor. So far as the "Big. Stick" Is
concerned, the State Chairman Is indif
ferent, for all the Important appoint
ments under the National Government
In his district are filled by men of his
selection, and the terms of office of
the Incumbents all run until after
March 4, 1909. Woodruff has every-
(Concluded on Page S-)
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
The Weather. -
TESTER DAY'S Maximum temperature, 79
degrees; minimum, 4C.
TODAY'S Fair; northwest winds.
, Foreign.
Russian river steamer founders !n bay and
25 people are drowned. Page 3.
Heir to Spanish throne expected today.
Page 3. ,
National., 1
Strusgle on In Republican ranks for control
of New York state. Page 1.
Jlamestown' Exposition will open Friday
with buildings uncompleted. Page 13.
Colonel " Watterson says Governor Hugh'
will be next president of United States.
Page IS
. -Domestic .
Storm lias Injured fruit crop in Nebraska
and Colorado. Page S.
Haskln rives some personal stories. Fare 4.
Pitched battle results from row In Ohio
church. Page 1.
President of Rock Island system says the
prosperity of the country will continue
unabated. Fajre 1.
Xabor leader makes bitter attack on Pres
ident Roosevelt. Page 2.
Next friends" Mrs. Eddy suggest audi
ence with Christian Science leader.
Page 3-
Pacific Coast.
Three people burned to death In Are at
Cumberland, Wash. Page 2.
Census Bureau admits Its estimates of pop
ulation for Northwestern cities are too
low. Page 1.
Hlllsboro candy merchants are trying to
lift the closed Sunday lid. Page 8.
Representative Huntley advocates Roosevelt
Idea In his corrupt practice measure.
Page 4.
Sports.
Portland loses both Sunday games at Oak
land. Page 5.
Portland Automobile Club makes first road
run- of season to Sandy River. Page A.
Trunkmakers beat Bralnards In Trl-Clty
League series; Frakes beats St- Johns.
Page 5.
Portland and Vicinity.
Mass meeting at Helllg adopts resolu
tions denouncing French government
for treatment of church. Page 8.
Mayor I-ane anxious to run against T. C
Devlin as Independent candidate. Page
8.
Rev. James A. Corby, preaches -on world
peace. Page 12.
Dr. Brougher at White Temple preaches on
city politics. Page 12.
Dr. F. Burgette Short preaches first ser
mon since returning from vacation trip.
Paae 12. . ,
I I ' i
t I ' s II
t V ' V ' ' 1 t
if A. Ij
SEATTLE'S PLAINT
IS OF NO AVAIL
Census Bureau Refuses
to Accept Figures.
ITS POPULATION IS PADDED
Estimates for Portland Are
Admitted to Be Low.
GUESSES ARE UNRELIABLE
Sound City Wonl d Hare to Bo
Healthiest Place In the World
to Make Good . Its Claims.
The System Is Faulty.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash- ;
lnglon, April 21. The Census Bureau
Is Tery much Inclined to resent crltl-:
clsms that have been made by Western :
cities on Its recent estimate of popu-:
latlon In the larger cities of the Unl-;
ted States. Seattle has been more vlg--1
orous In Its protest than any other
city, though considerable crltlclRm has'
been received from Portland, Tacoma
and Spokane, all Insisting that the
census estimate Is tar from correct,'
and, therefore, unfair.
The unfortunate thing: about this
estimate is that the Census Office Is
willing to admit that Its figures for
cities along the Pacific Coast are gross
ly Inaccurate, and the one .excuse given
Is that the Legislatures of the Pacific
k-oast cities failed to make any pro
v'sion whatever for taking an annual
census.
The census figures, as given in the
recent bulletin, are generally computed
according to the rate of growth dur
ing the ten years between 1890 and
19C0. It is well recognized that the
increase In population along the Pa
clfio Coast has been much more rapid
since 1900 than it was prior to that .
time," and! therefore, the census 'meth
od of computing population Is justly .
subject to criticism.
At the eame time, the Census Bu
reau is not altogether to blame. It
has no means with which to make an
annual census, notwithstanding It is a
permanent bureau. The estimates
which It makes between census years
are, necessarily, pure guesswork. The
sensible solution of the whole thing!
would seem to be the discontinuance
of the present practice of estimating1
population except at times when some
means are available for making an ac
tual count.
Portland Figures Too Low.
The recent estimate of the Census
Bureau gave Portland a population of
109,884. In 1900 the computed population
of Portland was 90,128, or a growth of
about 19,500 In a period of six years. Tha
census figure is admitted to be too low,
and yet, the Census Bureau has no means
to reasonably approximate the true
population at the present time. It Is
unwilling to accept the estimates made by
the commercial bodies of Portland, and It
Is unwilling to base its estimates on
the directory census; therefore, it would
seem that the Intermediary census esti
mates might tetter be eliminated than
to be published when they are admitted
to be inaccurate.
In the case of Seattle, the Census
Bureau estimates the population In 1908 ,
as 104,169. In 1900 the population was
found to be 80,671.' Seattle Is claiming a
populatlon pf more than 200,000 a claln
that la put forward by the city authori
ties and by Senator Piles. While the
Census Bureau Is willing to admit thafl
Seattle's population is considerably morei
than 104,000. it Is not willing to concede a,
population of 200,000, -or anything like aa .
much. ,
The Census Bureau Is Inclined to con- K
elder the death rate in estimating the
population, and contends that the death '
rate remains practically the same 1n
each city,- unless some unusual occasion
arises which, would make a material
change, such as an epidemic of typhoid'
fever, or some other fatal disease. Iff
Seattle's claim to 200.000 was correct,
Seattle would be by far the healthiest
city in the United States, If not in the
world; and while it Is admitted to
have a very low death rate, the Census
Bureau is not' willing to concede that
its death rate falls below , six per 1009, '
which would be the case It the population
was In excess of 200,000.
Other Estimates Inaccarate.
In 1900 the population of Tacoma waa
found to be 37,714. The census bureau es
timates the present population at 66,392.
This figure Is also admitted to be too low,
but, as In the case of Portland and Seat
tle,' there Is no way of ascertaining the
exact population without actual count,
and. In lieu of anything more definite, the
census bureau refuses to change its esti
mate as given.
In the same way, the population of Spo
kane is estimated to be 47.006 as against
36.S48 In 1900. There is every reason to
believe that Spokane's growth has been
mqre rapid than Indicated, but no actual
count baa ever been made In that city?
since 1900, and. for that reason, the cen
sus figure Is given out aa the official
estimate.
In announcing Its figure for 1906, th
census bursas calls attention to the fact
that Oregon, Idaho and about 3) other)
states have laws providing far annua4
(Concluded en Fas S) ' "
I