(Owoman.
uvnunv
VOL. XLVI.-XO. 14,456.
PORTLAND, OREGON, MONDAY, APRIL 8, 1907.
PRICE FIVE CENTSL
Jtl
SLIPPED MONEY TO
RUEF UNDER TABLE
What Eddie Graney Did
For Fight Trust.
TELLS HIS STORY TO BURNS
"Honest Blacksmith" Makes
Clean Breast Whole Affair.
HOW SLEUTHS GOT FACTS
Interesting Features of Confessions.
Grafting Supervisors Are Repent
ing Had Good Intention, but
Yielded to Temptation.
SAN FRANCISCO. April 7. (Special.)
"How did Ruef take the fight trust
money?" "Well. I'll tell you. Morris,
Levy. Willie Brltt and myself first went
to the different banks and cashed the
checks for the $1800 contributed by Coff
roth and the rest of us. We got the
money In greenbacks and then made for
Raefa office at California and Kearny
streets. When we entered we sat down
at a small table. I gave Ruef a wink
and he got up and pulled down the
shades. There was hardly enough light
In the room to see when he did this.
Then he sat down and I slipped the
bundle of money to him under the table.
When he raised the shades again the
money was not In sight. We left soon
afterward." From the confession of
Eddie Graney to Special Agent William
Bums.
Eddie Graney, "The Honest Black
smith," has made a complete confession
to Special Agent William Burns. How
the money was used against the McNab
forces In tho primary of 1904 forms only
a small part of his confession, which in
cludes details of how the tight trust's
sack was passed to Ruef; how Graney
acted as the intermediary between the
boss and the milk trust, and how he paid
the "protection" for the Belvedere music
hill and performed a hundred and one
little services involving petty graft.
Detectives In Under-World.
Barns' sun and one of his detectives,
who recently departed from New York,
lent material nid to the former In get
ting Graney to confess. After the worry
that followed Graney's inquisition beforo
the grand jury on the tight trust and
Belvedere matters, two well-dressed
strangers appeared in the tenderloin. One
of them was tall and dark and had a
very attractive manner to the women
who patronize the places where lights
burn late. The other was a well-groomed
youngster who might be taken for a
university undergraduate.
The tall dark man knew all about the
fighters and chroniclers of sport In the
Bast, and It was not long before he and
his young companion became very inti
mate with Graney. Over the glasses
Graney told them about all the fights he
refereed on the Coast and how well he
stood In with the "live ones" of the
tenderloin. The pair spent money freely
and exchanged confidences with Graney
for about three weeks. Then they disap
peared from the tenderloin, and shortly
after Granoy unbosomed himself to their
chief, Burns.
Graney and the Milk Trust.
How Graney slipped the fight trust
sack to Ruef under a table after tho
latter had pulled down the shades of
his office at California and Kearney
streets, is one of the most interesting
parts of Graney's confession. Of the
$1S,000 thus passed to Ruef, half went
to the supervisors. The remaining
$9000 Is believed by Burns to have
been divided between Ruef and
Schmltr.
Graney's confession about the milk
trust graft Is a matter Burns refuses
to go Into details about at this time.
It is known, however, that Graney
has confessed to being" the middleman
between Ruef and the trust, his ac
quaintance with the big dairymen
growing out of his horseshoeing con
tracts. Graney went to the offices of the
milk trust and told them that the milk
they were selling was not right. When
they asked him who said it wasn't he
replied, "headquarters" was complain
ing. "Headquarters," questions brought
out. meant Ruef. The "arrangements"
Graney made will be brought out later
in testimony before the grand Jury,
other witnesses having been secured
by Burns, who are as familiar with
this graft as Graney.
RUEF WAS THEIR TEMPTER
Supervisors Were Led Astray by the
Man Who Had Made Them.
SAN FRANCISCO. April 7. (Special.)
"1 Relieve that when the members of the
present Board of Supervisors were elected
and assumed office they Intended to be
honest, but when Abe Ruef began to use
his evil Influence they fell from grace.
The trouble with Schmitz and Ruef was
that they were too avaricious and lost
their heads with so much easy money In
sight. For myself, I can say that I went
into this thing with my eyes open, and 1
am not blaming anybody. I am glad that
things so shaped themselves that we
have been able to tell the whole story.
We Supervisors have made our beds and I
guess we must lie on them." Statement
by Supervisor Jennings Phillips.
iUmbers of the Board of Supervisors
who accepted corporation gold for their
votes have had time to repent of their
misdeeds, but none reflects a deeper spirit
of penitence than Jennings Phillips, who
enjoyed a good reputation before lie be
came associated with Abe Ruef and
Mayor Schmitz.
Phillips is a young man and the full
force of his disgrace has been borne in
upon him. Although he frankly admits
that he alone is to blame for his downfall,
he speaks in scathing terms of the influ
ences brought to bear through Abe Ruef.
"I feel sure," said Phillips today, "that
when we Supervisors were elected we all
honestly Intended to do what was right.
We had been elected on the Union Labor
ticket and our common hope was that we
should be able to do something of lasting
good for the working people. Most of us
have families and had the respect of the
persons with whom we associated.
"True, we were In no sense leaders in
the affairs of the city, but we were
trusted in those circles where we were
known to legislate honestly and for the
public good. I remember how on the
night of election I thought to myself that
here was a chance to do something for
my city- Look at the result. We have
been in office 14 months and in that short
time we have arrived at this terrible
end.
"You see. it was this way. We owed
our sudden accession to office to Ruef and
we naturally looked to him for guidance.
When he became our tempter, we listened
to him. The way he talked of these
things made them seem natural and regu
lar. It was all told to us In such a way
that no one raised a question. We did
not realize what we were doing. Before
we knew what we were about, we had
fallen and were absolutely in his power.
We knew that we had to do as he told us
and we acted accordingly.
"Now, I think that Pat McGushin. for
one, intended to be honest. But the way
that Ruef threw the boodle at him was
too much. It ce,ma too fast. He couldn't
resist.
"It was the terrible greed of Sehmlts
and Ruef that led to these exposures.
They were too avaricious. One thing that
puzzles me in all this business is the ease
with which Jim Gallagher was 'caved
down the bank.' We always looked upon
Jim as the brainy member of the board.
When we heard that Jim had told every
thing to the grand Jury, of course we
knew the Jig was up. It was only na
tural that the rest of us should follow
suit."
It has- developed that President George
Duffey of the board of public works was
grooming himself for Mayor when he was
exposed as a boodler. Duffey had plan
ned to make a political campaign through
the street department. He had done poli
tics with Schmitz and Ruef in the dark,
and in the open had sought to give the
impression that he had cut loose. Up to
the very last he maintained that he knew
nothing of graft and lamented that his
former associates on the board of super
visors had been induced "to sell their
souls for a paltry $3000."
Duffey began to lay his wires to suc
ceed Schmitz shortly after the departure
of the Mayor for Kurope. Gallagher be
came Acting Mayor and one of his first
acts was the dismissal of Frank
Maestretti, president of the board of
works, and the appointment of Duffey to
the vacancy. It looked like a clear track
to Duffey. He little thought that in a
few weeks exposure would be complete.
Other interesting facts in regard to
Duffey were revealed today. At the time
that the big reception was being arranged
for Schmitz to greet him upon his return
from Europe, Duffey in the open re
pudiated the plan, but In secrecy of Abe
Ruef's office took orders from the boss
and assumed charge of the arrangements
of the reception.
Duffey did not sit on the platform at
the reception in tb,e Dreamland rink. He
occupied an inconspicuous chair in the
audience.
Just what part Schmitz played In the
political plans of Duffey has not been
revealed. According to one report, the
removal of Maestretti and the appoint
ment of Duffey had been ordered by
Schmitz before he left San Francisco for
Eastern and European points.
KEEP CLEAR OF SQUABBLE
Newspaper Quarrels Will Not Dis
turb Work of Mr. Heney.
SAN FRANCISCO. April 7. (Special.)
Francis J. Heney made the following
statement tonight, following the publica
tion of the story of ballot-box frauds:
"As Assistant District Attorney all I
can say Is that I cordially agree with
the statement by District Attorney Lang
don that the prosecution will not permit
itself at this time to be drawn into any
newspaper controversy. For the present,
and so long as I am Assistant District
Attorney, all the energies of the office
will be devoted to the prosecution of the
graft cases, until the official crooks and
those who have bribed them have been
fully exposed. After we have completed
that important business, if the several
newspaper editors of the city desire to
have each other indicted, or desire to
have any political boss Indicted who has
boen overlooked, we will gladly investi
gate Impartially all charges made and
will prosecute vigorously in each and
every case where the evidence produced
In support of the charges is sufficient to
warrant conviction, regardless of the
political complexion of the party charged.
"The newspapers must be patient, .how
ever, and await their several turns. Re
member, gentlemen, that the world was
not made in a day."
Hearst's agents called upon Heney to
day and said they were ready for an In
vestigation. GIRL FASTS THREE DAYS
Under Arrest, Refuses Food and De
cline to Talk.
SEATTLE. Wash., April 7. (Special.)
Marion Malen. a 17-year-old nurse girl
who was arrested Thursday on a charge
of stealing $30 in money and a $70 check
from Mrs. S. B. Mosley, her employer,
refused for three days to touch a morsel
of food at the city prison and today was
turned over to Police Matron Kelly in
the hope that the girl would take nour
ishment. Ever since her arrest she has acted as
though in a trance and neither spoke to
nor answered any of the police officers.
She paced up and down her cell the first
night, refusing to remove her hat. and it
was not until Friday that her headgear
could be taken from her.
Police officers fear the girl has been
erased by the shock of her arrest and
Mrs- Kelly was Instructed to make an ef
fort to arouse her.
ROOSEVELT WAS
NEVER SO POPULAR
People of Nation Rally
to His Support.
STRONGER MAN THAN EVER
New York Times Gets Replies
From Republican Editors.
WANT HIM FOR THIRD TERM
Enthusiastic Sentiment Runs High
for the President Only One '
Out of 9 9 Offers Any
Criticism on Policies.
NEW YORK, April 7. (SpecIaV)
Republican editors continue replying
to the New Tork Times Inquiry, as to
whether President Roosevelt Is as pop
ular as he was when elected, and their
testimony adds to the evidence that
the Presidents strength in the country
at this moment is greater than at any
other point of his career.
The 68 replies published today are
unanimous In their reflection of the
sentiment of Republicans as being
more enthusiastic than ever in their
support of his policies and admiration
of his personality. Some volunteered
the report of a general demand that
Mr. Roosevelt, whatever his personal
desires and notwithstanding his de
claration against another nomination,
be required again to be the standard
bearer. Thl sentiment reappears to
day among the 31 replies to be pub
lished tomorrow. One alone remarks
a disposition to criticise the President
and believes that he is not so strong
today as when elected.
Champion of the People.
Five editors estimate that he la
"fully as strong." 25 agree that he
Is "stronger than ever." "Far stronger
than ever" or tremendously stronger
than ever.
The basts of Mr. Roosevelt's popu
larity Is still declared to be his "square
deal" spirit, his enmity to "the inter
ests," and his championship of the
cause of "the people."
While the enthusiasm and confidence
In the President's increased popularity
are practically as strong as they were
In the first lot of letters received by
the New York Times, the replies to
be published tomorrow in several cases
note the existence of a disposition
among businesss men to temper the
praises they have hitherto bestowed
upon him, and the growth of a lessen
ing regard for him among practical
politicians.
The few references made to the Harrl
man episode regard it- as likely to help
the President. On editor.- however,
notices a slight regret on the part of
some that the President deems it neces
sary to reply to his critics, so frequently,
and another remarks upon It as unfor
tunate that the Issue of veracity should
so frequently be raised In the President's
controversies.
Support From Democrats.
Many of the editors who have written
the New York Times comment on the
extreme popularity of the President
among Democrats. One declares that the
people of his section are for Roosevelt,
regardless of his party, while another
affirms It to be a notorious saying of
Democrats in his state that it is imma
terial whether next year the Republicans
nominate end the Democrats help elect
or the Democrats nominate and the Re
publicans help the "popular idol of the
masses.'
The letters, which now number one hun
dred, in which the Republican editors of
the country report the immense enthusi
asm with which Republicans and many
Democratic voters support President
Roosevelt and the strength of the senti
ment in favor of his nomination for a
third term constitute a startling com
mentary on the political situation as It
exists at this hour.
BRYAN ON TAINTED MONEY
Lectures on Morality to Audience In
Grace-Avenue Church.
KANSAS CITY, April 7. William J.
Bryan, In a lecture her tonight at the
Grand-Avenue Methodist Church, praised
churches and other institutions that have
refused gifts of "tainted money" and
said:
"I am glad to see this question agitated.
I am sanguine enough to believe that this
struggle over accepting money which has
been amassed by questionable means will
yet be settled on the side of morality. I
believe the time Is coming when great
educational Institutions will refuse to give
respectability to great criminals by going
Into partnership with them. We are too
prone to measure morality at the door of
the penitentiary. We forget that there
are many criminals outside prison doors."
BABE ALONE IS RESCUED
IB Cast Ashore and Saved From the
Flood That Engulfs Mother.
EL PASO, Texas. April 7. Two wo
men were drowned by the breaking of
a reservoir dam at San Ramon, San
Jalisco. A babe In the arms of one
of the women was cast on the bank of
the arroya by the water and saved.
EVENTS OF COMING WEEK
End of Thaw Trial in Sight.
The present week probably will see
the end of the famous trial of Harry
K. Thaw for the murder of Stanford
"Whit. Twelve weeks have elapsed -since
the case was first called, but
during that time there have been
several Interruptions. With the re
port of the Lunacy Commission, how
ever, and the decision of District
Attorney Jerome not to earn his
protest against the confirmation of
the report by the appellate division
of the Supreme Court, it Beems as If
the trial has a dear road to a defi
nite conclusion.
Dedicate Carnegie Institute,
One of the Important events of the
week will be the dedication of the
Carnegie Institute In Pittsburg. The
exercises will occupy three days and
will be participated in by Represen
tative statesmen, educators and sci
entists of America and many for
eign countries. The Carnegie In
stitute reaching an outlay of $12,
000,000 is the final development of
an offer made by Andrew Carnegie
to the city where the principal part
of his vast fortune waa acquired. It
covers a land surface approximately
equal In area to two city squares.
Baron Destournelles de Constant
founder of the association for inter
national conciliation, who came to
America to attend the National
Peace Conference soon to be held in
New York, will visit President
Roosevelt at Washington Monday.
The Baron's visit Is in response to a
special invitation.
Major Fremont Courtmartial ,
Major Francis P. Fremont, of the
Fifth United States Infantry, a son
of the late General John C. Fremont,
will face a courtmartial In New
York City next Wednesday on
charges growing out of a petition in
bankruptcy filed by him last year.
William J. Bryan will be the prin
cipal speaker at the Jefferson Day
dinner of the Brooklyn Democratlo
Club next Saturday.
Baseball Season Opens.
In the Una of sports, the principal
National event of the week will be
the real opening of the baseball sea
son. The first scheduled games of
the big leagues will be played on
Thursday. The opening games In the
National League will be played In
New Tork, Boston, Cincinnati and
Chicago. The American League will
open the season with games at Phila
delphia. Washington, St. Louis and
Detroit.
Gala Reception to Kings.
Preparations on a magnificent
scale have been made at Cartagena
Spain, for the meeting between King
Alfonso and King Edward and Queen
Alexandria on Aprlj S. when a feature
of festivities will he the electric dis
play' b9 the port which will include
the Initials of the two Kings in let
ters 46 feet high.
While the visit will bo of short
duration, owing to the Ulnes of the
Spanish Queen, the meeting is ex
pected to further cement the close
understanding between Spain and
Great Britain..
The German Reichstag will reas
semble April 10, when Prince von
Buelow, the Imperial Chancellor, will
return to Berlin from Ram poll a,
where he has been conferring with
Slgnor Tittoni, the Italian Foreign
Minister with regard to the relations
between their respective countries.
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
The Weather.
YESTERDAY S Mail m um temperature.
M
degrees; minimum, 42 degrees.
TODAY'S Occasional rain; southerly winds.
Foreign.
Mexican editor put in Jail because of his op
position to prominent candidates. Page 3.
National.
Roosevelt more popular today than ever be
foro. Page 1.
W. T. Stead plans for world peace pilgrimage
to The Hague. Page 1.
Cannon, back from Isthmus, refuses to talk
about Harrlman-Roosevelt Incident; Sher
man also "mum." Page 4.
National.
Secretary Taft anil party reach Havana.
Page 4.
Haskln wrltee on Incubators. Page 1.
Professor Bailey, of Cornell, says state ex
periment stations should work to definite
end. Page 2.
Domestic.
Three mayors in city of Chicago. Page 5.
Fourth fast train on Pennsylvania Railroad
deliberately wrecked. Page 4.
Civil engineers figure out that floods will
some day destroy Pittsburg. Page
Final act In Thaw trial begins today
Page 4.
Illinois Attorney-General advises civil suits
only recourse for holders of Alton Rail
road stocks. Page 8.
Policy-holders make charges of gross frauds
in recent insurance elections. Page 3.
Insane man shoots wildly In Ashland hotel
lobby. Page 5.
Mayor Moore, of Seattle, out for Governor.
Page 4-
Paclfio Coast.
Rainier girt who eloped with brother-in-law
returns home. Page 5.
Father Dleleman, pioneer priest, dies at As
toria. Page 5.
Frank Davey resigns a
editor
of Saiem
Statesman. Page 5
Sports.
Beavers and Seals break even at Oakland.
Page 6.
Portland and Vicinity.
New state of Lincoln project regarded with
amused toleration. Page 2
Rev J. E. Snyder pleads for social purity.
Page 13.
Senator Bourne seeks to reform homestead
laws. Page 8.
President Campbell of the State University
defends Legislature's action. Page 13.
East Side Clubs start campaign of education
on proposed, charter amendments. Page
14.
Elder Snyder says those who favor union
of church and state are bad citizens.
Page 13.
Municipal League, strong factor in Mayor
Lane's election, will support him in com
ing campaign. Page 8.
president Eorenson of streetcar union says
strike was called by a few outsidera
Pajc ft.
MACHINE RESISTS
E
Senate Refuses Prom
ised Reforms.
BUT TREMBLES FOR RESULT
Woodruff Can't Induce Hughes
to Make Terms.
RAISES DEMOCRATIC HOPE
Republican Loss of Legislature May
Follow Defeat of Reforms De
manded by People Extra
Session May Be Called.
NEW YORK. April 7. (SpeclaU The
gtrang-est of legislative battles is drawing
to an end and. unless some strong out
side influence Is brought to bear the re-
forms which Governor Hughes has con
templated will be strangled. The Assem
bly has done its part, having passed every
measure that bore the executive's O. K.
but in the Senate the obstructionists are
In full control and seemingly determined
to "stand pat" on the old policy that
brought defeat last Fall.
Naturajly the Democrats are making as
much capital out of the situation as pos
sible and are voting against the reform
bills so as to be in a position to officially
denounce the Republican party for not
making them laws.
But despite the legislative attitude of
defiance, there Is an uneasy feeling among
the "Old Guard" and It may get into line
before final adjournment. And the Gov
ernor, after three months of office, Is as
much a mystery to it as ever. He refuses
to dicker or barter, but Bimply asks the
lawmakers to do what he is doing his
duty.
"The people have demanded certain
remedial legislation," he has Bald on sev
eral occasions, ' 'and their wishes should
be respected. I am willing to sign such
measures when they come to me; but the
duty of passing such bills rests upon the
Legislature, and there is the responsi
bility. I have no inclination or right to
attempt to coerce it."
Woodruff Plays Mediator.
The situation has become so serious in
the eyes of certain big politicians that
State Chairman Woodruff, who had been
sulking in Europe, was hastily summoned
home. Mr. Woodruff has a great record
as a "smoother out of trouble" and It
was thought that he would be able to
bring the Governor and certain Senators
together. He found the high-minded
Senators not only willing but eager to
compromise. Everything the Governor
wanted would be done if he promised to
name eight men to places under his ad
ministration. The combined salaries of
these positions by the way are only $32,
000 a year. It looked so easy to Mr.
Woodruff that ha wondered why some
body else hadn't attended to the job.
Then he broached the subject to the
Governor and found he had run up against
a stem wall. The Governor wouldn't give
one 5-cent piece of the state's money for
a promise that all the Senators would
eat out of his hand.
Will Not Coerce or Bribe.
"I will neither coerce nor bribe anybody
the Governor is quoted as having said.
"But think of the effect on the party,"
walled Mr. Woodruff. "We will probably
lose the Legislature this Fall."
The Governor affably admitted that he
certainly agreed with tola deduction. He
also remarked that the responsibility for
such a catastrophe would not rest upon
his ohoulders, but upon those of the men
who were to blame.
"What on earth could I do with him?"
Mr. Woodruff said to a friend later.
"Hughes Is either utterly devoid of all
political ambition or else the world has
lost a mighty' good poker-player. He
does not seem to care whether he is re
nominated or not, or whether the party
wins out or not. He says lie is going to
do his duty as he sees it, regardless of
consequences to himself or anybody else,
and that the people will render the ver
dict in the case."
The Assembly leaders are also working
might and main to bring the Senators
into accord with the Governor. Assembly
men's terms are only one year, and the
entire 150 come up for election this Fall.
Predicts Democratic Victory.
"If the Governor is turned down,"
Assemblyman Merritt said the other day.
"the Democrats will have a majority
here for the first time since 1S92, and It
will be a good auced majority, too."
Mr. Merritt is chairman of the impor
tant committee on railroads, and is gen
erally regarded as the ablest man in the
House, He comes from St. Lawrence, a
rook-ribbed Republican county, but he de
clares that the feeling is strong against
the rule or rum policy of certain Sena
tors. Aa the members of the upper house
serve for two years, they are not per
sonally interested in the elections this
year and affect to believe that voters
cannot remember longer than 12 mo at ha
But some of them are reflecting on the
fate of certain of their fellows, who
killed the 80-cent gas bill two years ago,
presumably for a consideration, and have
been retired either at the primaries, or
by the voters at tho general election.
The Governor Is keeping his plans pretty
well to himself, but his friends declare that
ha will foroe the issue. If nothing is dons
0
RNGR
HUGHES
at the regular session of the Legislature,
they say. he will call that body together
in special session. In doing so, he Is re
quired, under the constitution, to specify
the nature of business required in the
emergency, and no other propositions can
be considered. It is understood that the
Governor will specify the bills which he
believes should be enacted into laws, and
force the legislators to put themselves
on record. If they fall to pass these laws
It will be for the people to determine
whether they have done right or not. Aa
for the Governor, he will simply wash his
hands of them.
Newspapers Back Hughes.
All the New York papers, except
Hearst's organs, are backing up the Gov
ernor and pointing out to the Senators
what they may expect if they fall to
make good. The New Tork Sun, in an
editorial headed "Behind Governor
Hughes," briefly sums up the arguments
that It and Its contemporaries are mak
ing. It says:
Some things that were true three
months ago are not true today; some are.
in the latter category may be included
these propositions :
Governor Hughes owes nothing, politi
cally, to the old Republican machine or
to any of its disjecta membra.
If he had represented In the campaign
naught but the Republican organization
and its active membership. Mr. Hughes
would now be practicing law In New
York City, not attempting to practice
administrative reform and honest state
government at Albany in the interest of
all the people.
If he had depended for his election upon
what used to be known as practical poli
tics, he would have kept company after
January 1, 1907, with the rest of the
Republican state ticket of last year.
All in all, it is a mighty sad outlook
for the professional politicians. If
they line up with Governor Hughes
they won't make expenses at Albany
this year; if they continue to defy him,
they will probably be driven back to
private life the next time they come
before the people. '
Mr. Hughes is confident that the
voters have long memories and is
serenely confident that, even if he re
ceives a setback this year, the princi
ples for which he stands will triumph
in the e'id.
Bartlett May Be Sacrificed.
Justice Bartlett, of the Court of Ap
peals, comes up for re-election this
year. He was elevated to the bench
In 1893, defeating the notorious Justice
Maynard, whose nomination was David
B. Hill's reward for Maynard's aid in
stealing the State Senate. Judge Bart
lett's plurality was over 150,000 and
he carried in with him an entire state
ticket of Republicans before that un
known to political fame. It would be
an odd coincidence if Mr. Bartlett, who
once benefited by the people's anger
at a boss, should now suffer for the
same reason, and yet nobody would be
surprised, because the voters of the
state are heartily tired of the gang at
Albany that year after year has held
up bills that the people want.
Even Bartlett, who has made a good
record on the bench, is liable to defeat
this year if he runs on the Republican
ticket, and the majority against him
in 1907 may be as large as that for
him In 1893, even if It was 150,000.
For in the Empire State a change of
300,000 votes is not extraordinary when
the people are aroused.
DREAMS OF WORLD PEACE
HOW W. T. STfeAD WOULD BRING
IT ABOUT.
Has Plans for Pilgrimage to Tho
Hague From All the World
Powers.
NEW TORK. April 7. W. T. Stead oc
cupied the pulpit in Plymouth Church,
Brooklyn, tonight and set forth his
-views as to the opportunity which was
afforded to Americans by the coming
Hague conference of rousing other na
tions to a sense of Importance of making
definite and immediate progress toward
the ideal described by the phrase "The
United States of the World."
He urged that at the coming peace
conference twelve representative Ameri
can men and women should be selected
as the nucleus of a pilgrimage of peace.
These persons would then appeal to the
American people for their indorsement
by public meetings or signed memorials.
Armed with this evidence of National
support, they would, in the first case,
go as a' deputation to the President and
to the Secretary of State, asking them
to instruct their delegates at The Hague
to support the above programme.
Then they would approach the British
ambassador, informing him of their inten
tion to start at once for England in or
der to appeal to the British people for
their Eupport in pressing their requests
upon the King and his ministers. Mr.
Stead said there was no doubt that they
would receive an overwhelming popular
reception In Britain, where the ground
already had been prepared. At London
they would be Joined by four pilgrims
from each of the three Scandinavian
countries, and the Americans and Scan
dinavians, together with twelve British
pilgrims, would present their petition to
the King at Buckingham Palace and to
his ministers in Downing street.
The thirty-six pilgrims would then cross
over to Paris; the same thing would be
repeated there. Receptions by the Presi
dent of the Republic and his ministers,
the municipality and the Chamber of
Commerce will afford ample demonstra
tion of the loyalty of France to the peo
ple of fraternity. The pilgrims. now
swollen to forty-eight by the addition of
twelve French pilgrims, would pick up
others at Geneva, and then go to Rome.
From Rome the pilgrims, now sixty-two
in number, would go to Russia, and
eighty-six would arrive at Berlin, ninety
eight would reach Brussels, and then one
hundred and ten would finally round up
at The Hague to present their petition
to the conference which is to assemble
on June 15. Mr. Stead's idea has been re
ceived when in Europe.
FEAR TROUBLE AT TIA YUEN
London Correspondent Reports Con
flicts Among Chinese.
LONDON, April 7. The correspondent
at Shanghai of the Morning Post sal's
that trouble is threatened at Taiyuen in
the province of Shansl. A large portion
of the population being of the opinion
that the Roman Catholic natives are
supporting what Is known as the Pekin
syndicate. Fights between Christians and
non-Christians are frequent. The Govern
ment has telegraphed the foreign office
for adviaa.
WHEN SCIENTISTS
E
Incubators Do Better
Work Than Hens.
YANKEES PERFECT OLD IDEA
Secrets of Business Attained
by Years of Experiments.
FORTUNES IN POULTRY
One Ohio Farm Sends S00 Yonng
Chickens to Market Bally In
cubators in Hospitals to
Assist Child Life.
BY FREDRIC J. HASKIN.
WASHINGTON, April 2. (Special Cor
respondence.) The incubator is gradually
crowding the American hen out of the
business of sitting on her own eggs. This
wonderful machine has been perfeoted un
til it can do a better job of batching the
little chicks than old biddy, their natural
mother. The hen is being succeeded by
the Incubator. Just as the needle was
followed by the sewing machine, or the
hand-cradle by the reaper.
Ninety per cent of the professional poul
trymen use the Incubator exclusively, for
the reason that with It they can hatch
chickens out of season. This means to
them what it does to the florist to be able
to produce the tender flowers of Sum
mer In the dead of Winter, The old hen
goes hand and glove with nature, and aa
a consequence her season as a sitter is
short. The Incubator goes it alone and
keeps up the pace the year through.
Hatching chickens by artlnlcial means
is almost as old as history. The art was
known before the dawn of the Christian
Era, and has been practiced continuously
in Egypt, China and other Oriental coun
tries down to the present day.
Yankee Perfected Ancient Idea.
For many years past chickens have been
hatched artificially In European coun
tries, notably in France, England. Bel
glum and Denmark, but it has remained
for Yankee genius to modernize and per
fect the present popular-sized Incubator
and brooder, and to devise ways and
means of hatching and raising chickens
In large numbers by Its use on the city
lot, the village acre, and the ordinary
farm.
The first Incubator made its appear
ance in this country In 1S45. A Yankee
put one on exhibition on Broadway, New
York. He charged a shilling to see the
wonder, and out of curiosity it was well
patronized, but his machine was con
sidered a fake. Men would not believe
that an egg could be hatched anywhere
except under a hen, so the showman be
gan demonstrating to prove the virtue of
his invention. He would breajc eggs from
the machine to show the different stages
of incubation, and finally succeeded in
convincing a good many that it was not
a fraud. Time has proved that it was far
from being a humbug.
Nature Taught the Scientists.
It has taken years of experiment and
study, and the expenditure of much
money, to develop the science of artificial
incubation into the successful practice
it is today. Its promoters had to close
ly observe and follow the natural laws
of incubation. They found that nature
assisted a sitting hen by rushing the
blood to that portion of the body which
comes in contact with the eggs; that
during certain stages of incubation the
eggs shifted their position, under the ben;
that at times she would leave her nest
unprotected, the number of these absen
ces varying with the Individual fowl and
the condition of the weather; that at times,
the hen would raise in her nest and'
shake her feathers out, evidently for the
purpose of cooling her body and the eggs;
and they also found that the eggs would
sweat. These and many other discoveries
gave them plenty to contend with In mak
ing a little box of wood and glass that
would perfectly perform tho natural func
tions of the mother hen.
The matter of temperature gave much'
trouble, and som9 of the experiments
were unique. Thermometers were placed
under sitting hens in all manner of posi
tions to establish the varying degrees
of heat during the different stages of
incubation. Some of the fowls were
killed and delicate thermometers thrust
instantly Into their hearts and other
vital organs to determine to tempera
ture of the Inside of their bodies as well
as the outside. By such bold methods
the secrets of the business have been
wrested from nature. All the problems
of heat, moisture and ventilation have
been solved. It takes 21 days to hatch
a chick, and the incubator authorities!
can tell you each days progress in the
formation and life of the little fowl be
fore it comes out of its shell.
Hatch Birds. Ostriches and Babies.
The incubators will hatch any kind of
eggs, but the length of time varies in
different birds or fowls. It takes a hum
ming bird only 13 days to come through,
a canary 18, a duck 28. a turkey 30 and
a swan 40. One authority reports that
he found some snake eggs In a pile of
compost and put them into a machine.
When he went to look again the bottom
of the box was a squirming mass at
little spotted adders. The eggs of quaiU
pheasant and all kinds of game birds
develop readily In the improved incu
bator of the present time. Ostrich eggs.'
are also being hatched successfully in
Florida, Arizona and California.
Ostrich farming has been practiced im
CConcluded on Page 3.)
IMPROVE
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