VOL. XLVI NO. 14,430.
PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 1907.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
C)
) .
HABRIMAN OFFERS
AN OLIVE BRANGH
Ready to Co-operate
With Government.
RAILROADS MADE MISTAKES
Coming to Understand What
Government Expects.
HIS CHIEF INTEREST NOW
Head of Greatest Merger Defends
Combination, but Believes In Con
trol Ready to See Roose
velt If Summoned.
NEW YORK. March 7. "I am ready to
make the advancement of a scheme of co
operation between the Government and
the railways my chief Interest." said E.
H. Harriman on returning today from
"Washington.
Mr. Harriman declined to talk about the
report that 'he had obtained control of the
Reading road. " Speaking of agitation
against corporate wealth, he said:
"They we. all of us should have con
sidered the possible effects of this agita
tion before It was begun or before condi
tions that made Its growth possible were
allowed to continue. If we had all met on
common ground and co-operated for our
mutual benefit, nobody would be worry
ing over the situation as It Is today.
Ready for Better Understanding.
"We all made a mistake in this. I re
alize the mistake and I believe the Ad
ministration at Washington is beginning
to realize that it has been a little too
radical in Its attitude toward the rail
ways. Henceforth I look to see Its oppo
sition take on more of the spirit of co
operation. I believe the railways can ex
pect to receive more even-handed Justice."
. t "W-a nwtrat the head of the great cor
porations on our part are coming to a
better understanding-afc wfrnA.A'he Oov em
inent expects of us. We are beginning to
get the point of view of the Administra
tion. .-We feel that we ar now, all of
us the public, the Government and the
railways on a. common ground, where we
can deal with each other in the right
spirit.
Will Work for Co-Operation. ,
"I'm more than willing to give my sup
port to such a process of enlightenment.
I'm ready to make the advancement of
such a scheme of co-operation my chief
Interest. Surely there could be few con
ditions imaginable that would be of
wider benefit than to eliminate' hostile
friction.
"Railroad managers have, I am will
ing to admit, in the past neglected to
build up a strong, harmonious rela
tionship between themselves and the
Government and. the public. This mat
ter had been left to subordinate offi
cers, and the result has been that such
relations have been completely neg
lected. Now we must take the mat
ter in our own' hands in order to bring
about a better understanding and co
operation. Railroads' Duty Not Neglected.
"Our policy in the past has been a
mistaken one, but it cannot be said
that we have neglected our service to
the public. When one considers what
the railroads have done to develop this
Nation, we cannot believe they have
been anything but beneficial. The mar
velous development of the country has
been due to a very large degree to
the enterprise of its railways.
"Since the time we took hold of the
system of railways of which I am the
head, $250,003,000 has been expended in
rebuilding the roads. That has all been
. done since 190C. As another instance
of what the railways are doing to add
to the general prosperity of the Na
tion, I'll tell you that the roods of
which I am the head purchase about
1.000, 000 tons of steel rails yearly, and
during that period we purchased about
4.000,000 tons.
"All this adds to the welfare of the
Nation, and the development "work
which the railways have done has in
some cases, as is now shown, re
sulted in the building up so large a
traffic that they are unable to handle
it.
Combination Benefits Public.
"Combination really benefits the pub
lic. The public may think otherwise,
but it will learn the truth in time.
That time will come sooner if combin
ations are legalized. I believe in con
trol and regulation, as I declared be
fore the Intejstate Commerce Commis
sion, but I think that within the limit
of such control corporations ought to
be allowed to combine as they find
it necessary or beneficial."
Mr. Harriman said that railways had
been frequently at fault because of their
failure to live up to traffic agreements.
In this way there had come a lack of
. confidence among railroad men. and the
public naturally grew to lose confidence In
their acts.
Capital Lacks Confidence.
Restrictive legislation, Mr. Harriman
thought, must tend to reduce dividends.
unless met in some other way. The fact
is plain, he said, that there is a lack of
. confidence y capital. He cited the price
i jfaid by tha Kew York, New Haven &
Hartford road for its recent loans in
France.
As to the money outlook, Mr. Harriman
said the present tension Is bound to react
on industrial co-operation.
"I know in a general way of an all
round movement to reduce expenses.
That's common sense," he said.'' As for
our own roads, we are making our "busi
ness more compact and trying to conduct
traffic at less cost. We may have to
come to higher freight rates."
Ready-to Meet Roosevelt.
Mr. Harriman then took up the Chicago
& Alton reorganization. He said that,
considering the conditions which existed
at that time, the road had not been over
capitalized. "Do you expect to go to Washington to
see the President again soon?" he was
asked.
"The President knows where I am," he
answered. "If he wants to see me, I am
ready to go."
AGREE TO IMPROVE FACILITIES
Railroad Men Hear Complaints of
Sheepmen About Service.
CHEYENNE, Wyo., March 7. An im
portant meeting of the leading officials
of the Western railroads began here to
day for the purpose of conferring with
the sheepmen of the mountain states on
matters pertaining to shipments of stock,
increasing freight rates, speed limit,
yard and shipping facilities.
Twenty-one railroad officials are pres
ent, representing 12 railroads. The sheep
growers are represented by delegates
from Oregon, Washington. Idaho, Utah,
Montana, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico
and several Eastern states. Representa
tives of the United States Bureau of
Animal Industry are present also. Dr. J.
M. Wilson, vice-president of the National
Woolgrowers' Association, presided at to
day's sessions, which were held behind
closed doors.
The sheepmen were the first to state
their grievances, these being in the main
shortage of cars,' delays in shipments,
poor facilities for feeding and bad condi
tion of the stockyards. After listening
to the complaints for several hours, the
railroad men were given the floor and all
the representatives of the roads spoke.
The conference closed late tonight, both
sides expressing satisfaction with the re
sults attained.
The railroad representatives agreed to
remedy with expedition all the evils
complained of. .
WILD RAISE COMMODITY RATES
Western Railroad Men to Agree on
General Advance.
CHICAGO, March 7. Following the ex
ample of Eastern railroads. Western lines
are preparing to make- increases in
freight rates by changes in the commodi
ties. . A call has been issued for a spe
cial meeting of the Western trunk line
committee, to be held Monday, and It Is
said the purpose Is to consider the advis
ability of changing commodity rates.
There is declared to le no doubt that
the traffic men are preparing to make
over the commodity rates wherever it is
thought possible or safe to- do so. As
these are always much lower than the
claffsrntes. end are created for the pur
pose of granting concessions, their aboli
tion necessarily raises the tariffs.
MAKE STATE COMMISSION ACT
California Senate Tries to Galvanize
Railroad Board. -
SACRAMENTO. Cal.i . March. .7. Sena
tor Camenettl's efforts toward giving the
State Railroad Commission something to
do may . be successful. The Senate today
passed his bill, which directs the Com
mission to co-operate with the Interstate
Commerce Commission in the investiga
tion of discriminations in charges or fa'
cilities in this state, and for this pur
pose arrange joint meetings with the In
terstate Commerce Commission- . The bill
requires the Commission to hold meet
ings at least every three months.
Is Merchants' & Miners' Sold ?
BOSTON, March 7.' The New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroad has ac
quired control' of the-Merchants'- & Min
ers' Transportation Company, which op
erates steamers between Boston and Sa
vannah,' according to a statement made by
Mayor Fitzgerald today.
The Mayor said this conclusion came
out at -a conference yesterday between
the Mayor and Charles S. Mellen, presi
dent of the New Haven Railroad, con
cerning the transaction pending between
the New Haven road, and . Charles- -W
Morse, of New York, for the purchase of
the Sound lines controlled by the railroad.
NEW YORK, March V. President
Whitney, of the Merchants' & Miners'
Transportation Company, denied today
that the line had been purchased by
the New Haven road.
"The company has not been sold." he
said, "and, what is more, it is not for
sale."
Diamond-Cutters Demand More.
NEW YORK, March 7. Negotiations
are in progress between the Diamond
Manufacturers of America and the Dia
mond Workers Protective Union, relative
to a demand for higher wages.. The men
obtained an advance a year ago. and the
pay now ranges from $30 to t70 weekly.
according to a man's proficiency. The
contract signed at that time has expired.
New Tork has 800 of these workers, and
there are less than a dozen in other cities
of the United States. The union here and
those in Europe are affiliating. The New
Yorkers are getting double the pay of
eigni years ago.
Plan to Remove Freight Paralysis.
RICHMOND, Va., March 7. Thirty-five
men, representing 1,500,000 commercial
firms and individuals, and more than 60
per cent of the annual freight tonnage
of the united states, are in session here
to formulate plans for bringing about
general improvements in the freight
movement conditions. It is held by these
men, who come from nearly every section
of the country, that the inability of the
railroads to handle freight is paralyzing
the commercial interests of the United
States, and it is their purpose, they de
clare, to revolutionize the entire freight
situation in the country.
Railroads Retaliate in Nebraska.
OMAHA. March 7. In . retaliation for
adverse legislation, culminating in the
passage of the 2-cent per mile passenger
fare bill by the Nebraska Legislature,
and which went into effect today, all Ne
braska railroads, including th Union Pa
cific. Burlington. Northwestern, Missouri
Pacific Rock Island and Great North
ern issued circulars today absolutely
abolishing ail classes of reduced fares.
The circular calls attention to the fact
that it is the purpose to make the 2-cent
rate the only possible rate to apply- on
Nebraska passenger fares.
DEATH'S SHADOW I
E HOUSE
Life of Archie Roosevelt
Threatened.
HAS RELAPSE OF DIPHTHERIA
Even Chance of Recovery if He
Survives Night.
WHOLE FAMILY SUMMONED
Sudden Change for Worse In Illness
of President's Third Son Roose
velt Watches for Hours at ;
the Boy's Bedside.
WASHINGTON, March 7. Archie Roose
velt, the President's third son, who has
been suffering- from diphtheria, since last
Friday. - had a turn for the worse today,
and tonight, though he has rallied some
what, his condition. Is, serlpus. '
Ir. Alexander .Lambert, of New York,
in response to a telegram from the Presi
dent, arrived in Washington at 9 o'clock.
and has taken charge of the case. Doctors
Rixey. Kennedy and Eraisted were hold
ing a consultation when Dr. Lambert ar
rived at the White House. Just pre
vious to his coming, further an ti-toxin
was injected into the patient.
Even Chance for Recovery.'
Ioctors Braisted and Pryor left the
White House at 9:35 o'clock. They
stated that,' if Archie's vitality holds out
through the night, there Is an even
chance for his recovery. At 10:20 o'clock
Dr. Rixey issued the following bulletin:
"Archie has materially improved since
Coon, when considerable anxiety was felt
on account of weak heart action. To
night at 10:20 o'clock the case 1b more
favorable with normal temperature and
heart acting well.' . ,
Other IJojOp He d. Horacs ,
The first change for the worse was
noted late Wednesday night . and three
physicians spent the night at the White
House and were joined early this morn
ing by Dr. Rixey. : After a consultation
the President decided to summon ' Dr.
Lambert, who had returned to New Tork
on Sunday night.
The President telegraphed his other
sons to come to Washington. He has
been at his son's bedside since 9 o'clock.
CONDITION IS STILL CRITICAL
Resting Easy at 3 A. M., Says 'Mes
sage From Lambert.
"WASHINGTON, ; March 8. At 1:30 A.
M. word from Dr. Lambert,' who was at
the sick boy's bedside, says that he is
THE ONLY COURT
IT
-...... . ........ l
. SAWMILL STRIKE 8ITCATION
No; Daily
" Mills' closed men idle, output.'
Inraan, Foulsen &-Co. 430 - 4r.0,OOO 1
Portland Lumber Co.. - 400 40O.000
Eastern & Western
Lumber Co 375 400,000
TCorth Pacific Lum-.
oer Co. 225 200.000
Totals 1,450 l,'450,0OO
. The four principal lumber manu
facturing companies, of the city will
not undertake to start their plants
this morning-. The North Pacific
mill has been closed for three days.
Last night the Iriman-Poulsen,. East
ern & Western and Portland Lum
ber mills closed down and will not
undertake to run under present' un-
' settled conditions. .
Seventy-five of the employes of the :
Union t Box & Lumber. Company
walked out yesterday afternoon on a -sympathetic
strike.
The night , force, at the Standard
Box A. Lumber Company and a part
of the night shift at the Multnomah
Lumber & Box Company's plant quit '
abut 6 o'clock last evening when
the change In shifts was made.
. Strikers last night formulated their
demand, which embraces a minimum
schedule of $2.50 for nine hours la
bor for all ml 11 workers. In box fac
tories minimum wage for box nail
ers Is fixed at $3 for nine-hour day
with an Increase of 25 cents per day
for all other' employes.
.i The 'ultimatum of strikers will be
-presented; millowners today and if
advanced wages are not granted the
Industrial Workers of the World
threaten to declare a general strike.
There are new- enrolled -in the
Portland Local.' Industrial Workers
of the World, 1370 of the millhands
of this city.
still in a serious condition,
been no change.
There has
WASHINGTON, March 8. A message
from the White House at 3 A. M. to the
house of Congressman. Nicholas Long-
worth says that,, while. Archie, was resting.
easy, his condition was still critical. The
message bore Dr. Lambert's signature.
FALLS DVFR WIFE'S BODY
ST. 1XTJIS MERCHANT'S HORRI
BLE HOME-COMING. '
Finds Wife Shot Dead, Throat Cut,
Body Bruised and Earrings
Torn Away.
ST. LOUIS, March 7. When he re
turned from his off ice - tonight. Her
man W. Quernheim, president of the
Quernheim Hardware Company, stum
bled over the lifeless form of his wife
In the front halRf his residence. 3723
Vesta aremK, vfic'-'HT the' fashionable
residence districts. Mrs. Quernheim's
throat had been cut, she had been shot
once, and her body had been brutally
torn and bruised.
Soattered near the .body were a large
quantity or Jewelry and several hun
dred dollars in currency. The only
thing that was missing: was. a pair of
handsome diamond earrings, which had
been torn from the dead woman's ears.
Mr. Quernheim was unable to furnish
any clue, and, although almost the en
tire detective force has been assigned
to the case, nothing has been learned
as to the identity. of Mrs. Quernheim's
assailant.
Glad to Be Rid of Swettenham.
KINGSTON. Jamaica, March 7. The
news of the resignation of Governor
Swettenham has been received here with
satisfaction. -His unpopularity has. great
ly increased since the Davis incident.
WHERE BOSS RUEF IS WILLING TO BE TRIED
FOUR BIG LUMBER
MILLS SHUT DOWN
Millowners Act in An
ticipation of Strike.
MAMMOTH INDUSTRY TIED UP
Unions Frame Demand for
Less ; Work and More Pay.
MEN READY TO WALK OUT
Employers Foresee Trouble and De
clare Lockout Box Factories Are
Affected Long: and Bitter
Struggle .Looked For.
Four of Portland's largest lumber mills,
employing 1430 men and producing 1,450,
000 feet of manufactured lumber daily.
shut down when the day shift quit work
at 6 o'clock yesterday. The millowners
anticipated a strike by declaring a lock
out. The immediate effect is to paralyze
Portland's lumber industry, the largest
in the world. The North Pacific mill had
not been in operation for three days, and
at a conference yesterday the Inman
Poulsen, Eastern & Western and Port
land Lumber Companies decided to sus
pend operations.
The 75 employes of the Union Box &
Lumber Company walked out at 3 o'clock
yesterday afternoon,- causing that plant
to cease operation. ;,
Although the strike originated in the
mill of the Eastern & Western Lumber
Company last Friday, the places of the
striking workmen were filled by other
laborers as rapidly as vacancies occurred,
so that this plant was operated in all of
Its departments, only with difficulty, hoW'
ever, until last night, when the entire
plant was shut 'down,' together 'with those
of the Inman-Poulsen Company and the
Portland Lumber Company.
The . strikers have not yet presented
their ultimatum, but the millowners. in
view of the-unsettled -conditions, decided
not to Jeopardize their property by at
tempting longer to continue the opera
tion .of. their, respective, plants ' under the
conditions. ' None of the owners of the
mills would venture a prediction' last
night as to when they may 'resume op
erations.' ' It 'is' said' by the millowners
that the pending strike is not incited by
the laboring men themselves.
Blame Outsider for Trouble.
"This industrial disturbance," said the
manager of one of the mills last night.
"had its inception from the agitation of
a so-called organizer, who Is connected
with a Socialistic publication in Seattle.
The protection of labor is' only an in
cidental consideration. In the drunken
ness "of' their -enthusiasm,- -the mill labor
ers have affiliated with the movement
under this leadership. A majority of the
men who left the different mills did so
not because they wanted to or were dis
satisfied with their employment and their
wages, but because they have been un
duly Intimidated by influences that are
directing the strike."
Millowners last night declined to indi
cate their plans in treating with the
situation. However, the action of the
four leading lumber mills in closing down
simultaneously is taken to Indicate that
this course reveals a mutual understand
ing among the millowners, who will in
all probability get together and formu
late some definite plan of action.
What the Men Demand.
The striking millhands held a meeting
last night at 309 Davis street and formu
lated the demand for an increase in
wages that will be made of the millown
ers and the owners of box factories in
this city. This demand will be submitted
to the proprietors of these mills either to
day or not later than tomorrow. For
laborers In lumber mills a. minimum wage
of $2.60 for & nine-hour day will be asked
and a corresponding increase in all of
the other employes. The present mini
mum scale In the lumber mills is $1.75
for ten hours." Time and a half will be
demanded for all overtime and for Sun
days and holidays. ; For box factory em
ployes, the minimum schedule has been
fixed at (3 for a nine-hour day for nail
ers, except piece-men. Sawyers and' all
their help will ask for an Increase of 25
cents a day over the present schedule.'
These men will also demand time and a
half for overtime and for work on . Sun
days and holidays.
Plan to Close Every Mill on Coast.
"If this demand is not acceded to by
the millowners," said Organizer Yarrow,
following the adjournment of last night's
meeting, "the Industrial Workers of the
World will order a general strike In all
lumber mills and box factories on the
Coast. Our organization extends from
the Mexican border to Greenwood, . B. C,
and we are in a position to close every
mill and box-factory of any size on the
entire Pacific coast. This we will do if
our demands are not granted. This situa
tion is not the product of a day's work.
We have been working along the line of
organizing workmen in the lumber mills
of the Coast for the last ten weeks and
we "are now in a position to control the
situation. Our strength is greater than
the. millowners' association suspects and
we are bound to win this fight."
The striking millhands report they have
the assurance of the Carpenters and the
Bricklayers' Unions that the members of
these organizations will join them at the
proper time in refusing to be employed on
any and all buildings in the construction
of which lumber manufactured by scab
mills is used or to lay any brick in con
nection with such Improvements. Further
co-operation in enforcing their- demands,
the striker say. has been pledged from
the longshoremen who will refuse to
handle lumber produced by other than
union labor.
Tile membership of , the- Portland
Local, Industrial Workers of the World.
(Concluded on Pace 10.) -
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
. The Weather.
TESTERDAT'S Maximum temperature, 58
degrees; minimum, 44.
TODAY'S Increasing cloudiness, probably
followed by rain Saturday; southerly
winds. -
Railroads.
Harriman offers to co-operate with Govern
ment in settling railroad controversy.
Pago 1.
Stock market weakens again and Reading
boom Is unexplained. Page 4.
Iowa lumbermen oppose attacks on ' rail
- roads.. Page 5.
Railroad men confer with sheepmen on bet
ter Bervice. Page 1.
' . Foreign.
Bonllla claims victory over Nicaragua, but
.revolution starts against him. Page 2.
Promise of harmony between Czar and
Douma. Page 4.;
National.
Attorney-General decides new immigration
. law . excludes state-aided Immigrants.
Page 8.
No action on bids for Chinese canal labor
ers. Page 8.
Politics.
Utah American party denounces action on
Smoot case and' Roosevelt Is hissed.
Page 5.
Domestic.
H ask in on foreign elements in United States.
Page 1. ... ,
Archie Roosevelt in critical condition; may
not fcurvlve night. Page 1.
Sorenson gives .evidence against Hermann.
Page 4. . , ;
Strother brothers acquitted and Judge ap-
. plauds : verdict. Page 4. ,
George "W. Perkins refunds New Tork Life
' campaign contribution. Page 3.
Thaw's lawyers announce defense Is closed
Jerome, will send case to jury. Page 2.
St. Louis merchant finds wife murdered and
mutilated. . Page 1. .
North Dakota farmer finds whole family
froeen to death. Page 2.
Sport.
Conklfn,and Gardner win billiard matches.
, Page 7. - .
Promoters of fatal prizefight fined. Page 7.
Pacific Coast.
Steve Adams jury disagrees and Is dis
charged. Page 6.
Fred peford. who broke jail at Canyon City,
is retaken at Hoquiam. Page 7.
Abe Ruef meets rebuff in San Francisco
courts. Page 5. -
Oiympla Legislature has a real busy day.
Page 6.
'Albany, people fn censed at action of PreBl
dent Roosevelt In creating recent forest
reserves. Page 6.
Idaho Legislature 'will adjourn ' today.
Page 6.
Portland and Vicinity.
Millowners shut down four of Portland's
largest lumber manufacturing plants be-
cause of millhands1 strike. Page 1.
PabBt Brewing Company, of Milwaukee, pur
chases site for big brewery In Portland.
Page 12
"Swamper" steals large amount from Skid
more Drug Company. Page 12.
Six Jurors chosen In Ludgren murder trial.
Page 13. "
Marquam Grand Theater purchased by syn
dicate which will reopen playhouse.
' Pago 12.
Canadian Pacific Railway official says Can
ada needs Japanese labor. Page 11.
Commercial and Marine.
Hop market excited and higher. Page 17.
, Strong demand for wheat at Chicago.
Pasre 17.
' Excitement In stocks subsides. Page 17.
, British steamer Woodford about to be sold.
- Page 18. '
AMERICANS
COME
ALL L
Foreign Element Casts
5,000,000 Votes.
FOUGHTFOR LIBERTY AND UNION
Swedes, Norwegians, Danes
Make Good Citizens.
NOTED CHILDREN OF WALES
Principality Has Given Birth to
Presidents and Judge Growing -Torrent
of Slavs Does Hard
Manual Labor.
BY FREDERIC J. HA SKIN.
WASHINGTON. March 2. (Special
Correspondence.) Over fifteen per cent
of the entire population of the United
States Is foreign-born, and twenty
three per cent more of our citizens are
the children of foreign-born parents.
Anion? the voters at the last general
election there were over 5.000.000 nat
uralized Americans, and 1,500,000 more
aliens were awaiting the due process
of law which would give them the same
privileges at an early date. ; New Tork
now has half as many Germans as
there are in Berlin, twice as many
Irishmen as Dublin, almost as .many
Jews as there are in Warsaw and half
as many Italians as there are in Rome.
Chicago has more Germans .than Dres
den and half as many Scandinavians
as Stockholm. A fourth of the popu
lation of Minnesota is Scandinavian.
Swedes Quickly Americanized.
The Swedes are said to become Amer
icanized quicker than the people of any
other race. The first members of this
nationality who came here .settled In
Delaware and Pennsylvania, but their
great center is now in the Northwest.
Between the. early fifties and the late
nineties, over a million of them came
to this country. They brought with
them their national characteristics of
honesty, truthfulness, industry and fru
gality, and they have been a potent
factor In the agricultural and industrial
development of the Nation. They are
not politicians, and it is a rare thing
to hear of one of them being elected
to office. Notable Instances to the
contrary, however, are John E. John
son, Governor of Minnesota, who was
born of Swedish parents, and John
Lind. ex-Governor of that state, who
was born in Sweden.
In the law they have Alex Chy
traus. Judge of the Superior Court
of Chicago, and Harry Olson, State At
torney of Illinois. In art they have
Olaf Graf strom, landscape painter, and
Henry Reuterdahl, the famous marine
sketcher. - Axel Olson and .Carl ' Nllson
are two of their best-known sculptors.
The American Swedes print more mag
azines and periodicals In their adopted
tongue than do any other people, of,
foreign birth or descent. They have
over 600-trained singers at their festi:
val, which is held every four years.
Erlcson of Monitor a Swede.
J. A. Ockerson, United States Com
missioner for Mississippi River Im
provements, is a Swede, as are. A. E.
Johnson, general manager of the Scandinavian-American
line, and John Eric
son,, city Treasurer of Chicago. The
name Erlcson has won distinction in
Swedish-America already, for the fa
mous Captain John Ericson, of "Moni-'
tor" fame, belonged to that race. They
can also claim Colonel Anderson, who
held Fort Sumter at the breaking out
of the Civil War, Admiral Dahlgren
and the late. Secretary Thomas F. Bay
ard of. pelaware. They have always
been very patriotic and the records of
the police courts and' jails rarely have
a Swedish name on their pages. Th'e
total number of Swedes, both foreign
born and children of foreign parentage,
now in the United States is nearly
2,000,000.
Early Danish Settlers.
While the Swedes have come to Amer
ica in greater numbers, the Danes and'
the Norwegians have had quite an im
portant part in the making up of our
composite 'National type. The Danes
were in Manhattan as early as the Dutch, '
and it is an interesting fact that the'
burial-ground about Trinity Church, over-1
looking Wall street, was first dedicated'
as "God's acre". In 1704, when the Danes 1
built : a- little church there which was
presided over by a minister from Den
mark. The first Lutheran minister to'
hold a service in America was Master -Aarhus,
who accompanied the- ill-fated'
expedition to Hudson Bay in 1619 and
met his death amid the snows of his first :
Winter in what he called '.'Nova Danla."
The considerable Danish settlements - in :
the United' States today are In Idaho and
Utah- Many of them are interspersed
with other Scandinavians throughout the
great Northwest. Jacob Rils, Journalist,
author and educator, is perhaps the most
lminent American who is a native of
Denmark.
The early connection of the Norwegians
with America goes back to the time of
Leit Erikson and Erik the Red. It was
the latter who discovered the ice-bound
Greenland. In after years, when pressed
for a reason for giving this cold, barren; .
country such a misleading name, he saidi
(Concluded on Page 5.)
HOM
IDS
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