THE -MORXIXC OKEGONIAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 190T.
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PORTLAND.
t
MONDAY, FEB. 11, 1B0I.
RECOGNITION OF THE COLUMBIA.
A striking change in sentiment re
garding Columbia River improvement
has taken place within the past few
years. Portland, alone and single-handed,
fought for years for recognition
f the value of that stream as a
Mhway for commerce. Idaho, drained
by two of the largest tributaries
of the stream, for yeans re
mained mildly indifferent to the sit
uation. Washington, through the me
dium of the Puget Sound Press, openly
nntagonized every effort that was made
to secure money from the General Gov
ernment. Even in some parts of Ore7
jron thero was hostility, Astoria being
violently opposed to expenditure of
any money above Tongue Point, and In
this opposition affording opportunity
for other communities afllicted with
chronic Jealousy for Portland to display
their enmity. But Portland continued
to spend her own money, and, through
the Port of Portlands has finally suc
ceeded in giving the three states
drained by the Columbia and its trib
utaries a twenty-five-foot channel for
Wore than 100 miles inland from the
eea.
The example which Portland set,
with the expenditure of nearly $2,000,
O00 raised by direct taxation on Mult
nomah County alone, appealed to Van
couver, Wash., and a few years ago
the Port of Vancouver, with slight aid
from the General Government, deep
ened the Columbia between Vancouver
and the twenty-five-foot channel which
(Portland had dredged to the eea. This
was followed two years ngo by a heavy
state appropriation by Oregon for con
struction of a portage railroad. This
policy of solf-help has brought its re
ward, not only in increased assistance
from the General Government assuring
ultimate completion of the various im
provement projects now under way,
but it has also appealed to our nelgh
, boring states. Idaho wheeled into line
several years ago, andi, since Repre
sentative Jones has become a power in
river and harbor work, there has been
a change In sentiment throughout
Washington.
The demand from Eastern Washing
ton for an open river has become so
strong that practically all opposition
from Western Washington has been
eliminated, and today the three states
.re working harmoniously for the com
mon good. The conference of legisla
tive committees' held in this city Sat
urday revealed a degree of interest and
. unanimity of feeling that augurs well
Indeed for the future of the open river
from Lewlston to the sea. The appro
priation suggested, by the three states.
together with the funds that could be
secured from the Government, would
be adequate to place the river between
Uparia and Celilo in a fairly good
navigable condition. With these im
fproveroents completed so that boats
could run through to Lewlston, dem
onstratlon of tne value of the water
route would be so effectual that it
would undoubtedly hasten completion
of the canal md looks between The
Dalles and, Celilo.
Our policy of self-help on the lower
civer has already appealed to the Gov
ernment, andi there is no reason to be
lieve that it will not have an equally
favorable effect on the upper river.
There was good logic In the remark of
Senator Whealdon when he stated et
Saturday's conference that 'tho best
railroad commission to govern rates
that we can have in .this state will be
an open, river between the two rail
roads down the Columbia." Aid to the
grand project ha been long deferred.
but it now nfems to be coming with a
spirit that augurs well for the future
of nature's own highway from the In
land Empire to the sea.
The 400th anniversary of the discov.
ery of the Pacific Ocean will occur in
3313, and California has already started
the ball rolling for a world's fair that
is expected to eclipse any exposition
that has ever been held in this coun
try. The date set is still some distance
in the future, but, in spite of increas
ing: protest against the-numerous ex-
positions. the project should and un
doubtedly will have the best possible
support from the Pacific Coast tier of
states, and perhaps from all the others.
Hltory Is making fast out here on the
Pacific, and by 1913, If its commerce in
creases for another six years propor
tionately -with that of the past six
years, the affair will have National
support on a grand wale. It is need
less to mention that Oregon and Washing-ton
will reap good returns on any
investment they make In the enterprise.
OBJECTIONS TO THE PRIMARY.
The politicians of Washington are in
a tremble of sorrow for party and, for
the small counties and for the candi
date without money, if the proposed di
rect primary law shall pae. They
want the convention system retained,
for without it the Grand Old Party will
be only a tender memory; they want
something heroic done for the email
counties, for under the proposed scheme
the big counties will grab all the nomi
nations; and they want some way de
vised to keep rich candidates from
spending great sums of money to cor
rupt the electorate.
Of courpe those alarms are raised by
solicitous souls who want no primary
at all, and who also want the delegate
system and boss rule retained. But
this is not to say that there is no
merit in their contentions. There ought
to be a convent Ton, or at least there
ought to be no objection to a conven
tion, which should have power only to
adopt platforms and do other things
for the good of the party; but it should
make no nominations. Some candi
dates epend much more money than
others and perhaps get greater re
sults, but It Is nonsense to say that the
direct primary Is the rich man's oppor
tunity. It is not. If he succeeds, it
will frequently be in spite of his riches.
In Oregon at the last election not a sin
gle candidate for a state office, so far
as The Oregonian knows, had more
than very moderate means. Some of
them spent, no doubt, more than they
should have spent; but that is hardly a
matter for the law, since the expendi
tures are widely believed to have been
entirely legitimate. Under the pri
mary the public sees andi knows where
the money goes; under the convention
system it does not.
There is no complaint Jn Oregon now
that the large counties have an advan
tage over the small, though there vwas
some fear of it before a .practical trial.
It has not so far operated in that wayi
The primary law has some obvious
defects, but it Is essentially a satis
factory, honest and fair method of
making nominations. It is here to stay.
The people will not now tolerate any
suggestion of return to the old system.
OCR (I.1MATE AT KANSAS'.
Our Kansas friend who thinks The
Oregonian was joking when it said the
people of this state should urge East
ern people to seek here . more agree
able climate is in error. The sugges
tion was made and is repeated in all
seriousness.
It is true that Oregor has lust ex
perienced a storm that was unusual
and severe for this state, but it was
not a circumstance compared with the
prolonged storms in the East. The
very fact that trains were delayed here
shows that the storm was unusual, for
no means had been provided to guard
against the blockades. Even with
snow sheds and enow fences In the
East, and rotary snow plows always in
use, tile roads are not able to keep In
operation in that part of the country.
We don't know what a snow fence is
in this country. Our railroads go
through cuts where no sheds are built
and where a small snowfall will block
the road when there Is but one plow to
clear several hundred miles of track.
This storm was as severe as Oregon,
has seen in years, but was any one fro
zen to death or did. any one suffer who
had ordinary clothing and shelter? It
is true that some of our water pipes
were frozen, but If pipes were exposed
in the East as they are here they
would have heeit frozen solid for the
Llast three months. And did Kansas
ever see such a t'ebruary as this we
are now enjoying?
DR. HEED'S DISCOVERY.
William Thomas Councilman, profes
sor of pathology in Harvard University
Medical School, has an article in a late
number of the Sunday Magazine in
which he asserts that the discovery by
Major Walter Reed, a surgeon in the
United States Army, that yellow fever
Is conveyed to a susceptible subject by
the bite of a mosquito which had pre
viously bitten a patient suffering from
this disease, and that this justly dread
ed scourge can be conveyed from one
individual to another in no other way.
is the greatest achievement in a decade.
Professor Councilman also declares that
it ranks with such great medical dis
ooveries as vaccination, anaesthesia.
antiseptics In surgery and antitoxin in
uipnwieriii.
It is, of course, by the results that
have .followed the application of this
discovery to the control and, relatively
speaking, the extinction, of yellow
fever that it is judged. Its intelligent
application to the protection of a com
munity against this malady has been
Instrumental in saving very many hu
man lives and in the furtherance of
commerce, the value of which is prac
tically incalculable.
This discovery was made in Decem
ber, 1900, Just six years ago. During
this period yellow fever has been prac
tically subdued 1n its centuries-old
haunts. There have been no serious
outbreaks in Northern cities since 1793.
In August of that year it appeared in
Philadelphia, and by the middle of Sep
tember 4041 people out of a total of
40,144 inhabitants died from it. The
records of that time tell of the awful
horror and suffering incident to the
visitation. A repetition of the scenes
of that time was enacted in 1878 in
Memphis and New Orleans, the loss of
life in those cities being large and the
panic that attended it being both wild
and pitiful. The financial burden im
posed was also heavy. Dr. Hoolbeck
estimated that the actual loss to the
country was not less than $100,000,000,
while direct contributions to the
stricken cities aggregated $4,548,703.
This story, with added details of
death and expense due to the growth
of the country in the intermediate
period, would without doubt have been
repeated in 1905 had not measures
based upon the discovery of Dr. Reed
been instituted to prevent it. Of these
measures Professor Councilman, thus
speaks in detail:
Reed's discovery, like all other aisoove
rlee, was made by the application of all ex
isting knowledge to the solution of the Im
mediate problem. The extension of an epi
demic of yellow fever differs In so many
respects from the extension of other epi
demics, such as Bmallpox. that the idea hnrt
been expressed that the disease was prob
ably conveyed hy an Insect. It was Reed's
problem to show that the disease could be
conveyed by an Insect; to ascertain what in
Jaect did this, and its life history; to Ascer-
tain at what period, after having bitten a
person with yellow fever, the insect became
capable of conveying the disease, and for
how long a period: to show that the disease
could be conveyed In no other way. All this
was done by a series of brilliantly conceived
and successfully executed experiments. As
all animals are immune to the disease, it
was necessary that the experiments be made
on human beings.
The work was carried out by a com
mission composed of Dr. Reed, Dr.
James Carroll, Dr. Jesse W. Lazear,
all non-immunes, and Dr. Agrlmonte.
a Cuban immune. Dr. Carroll con
tracted the diseaes from a mosquito
bite and recovered; Dr. Lazear was bit
ten by an Infected mosquito, acquired
the disease and died. Two private sol
diers volunteered for mosquito experi
ments, both acquired the disease and
recovered. These and further experi
ments proved conclusively that yellow
fever is conveyed by the bite of a mos
quito that had become infected by hav
ing twelvesdays previously bitten a pa
tient suffering from the disease, and
further, that yellow fever can toe con
veyed in no other way. It follows that
the spread of this disease can be pre
vented by the destruction o,f these mos
quitoes or by otherwise preventing
their bite.
Very little popular appreciation has
been given to the discovery and work
of Dr. Reed. Such service to humanity
seldom brings pecuniary reward. Dr.
Reed died November 22, 1902, and upon
his tomb Is this inscription: "He gave
to man control over that dreadful
scourge, yellow fever." Beyond this
the Government has allowed a very
modest pension to his widow, while an
effort has been made as yet without
complete success to raise by subscrip
tion a fund of $25,000, the income to be
given to Dr. Reed's Wife and daughter
during their lives, the principal to be
used after their death to build a monu
ment to commemorate his achievement
in medical science. Fuller appreciation
may perhaps come later. It usually re
mains for a future generation to take
note of the benefits that have accrued
to the race from scientific research.
In this view the achievement of Dr.
Reed may in due time receive the
plaudits of mankind, as have Jenner
and Harvey, Sir James Simpson and
other pioneers in the realm of medical
and surgical science.
THE MISUNDERSTOOD RACE PROBLEM.
Prank P. Sargent, Commissioner of
Labor, in a lecture in New York Satur
day expressed the belief that, in the
near future, the Chinese exclusion act
would be repealed, his reasons being
that "the increasing civilization and
awakening spirit of the Chinese people
will compel us to open the door freely."
This expression is in keeping with a
good deal of mischievous sentiment
that is being created in the East by
persons who ere not in close touch with
either the subject or the Chinaman,
himself. Mr. Sargent's statement is in
line with one which appeared in the
New Tork Journal of Commerce a few
days earlier. "The patriotic pride of
China 13 still only in process of being
awakened," says the Journal. "China
will, in due time, make it necessary for
us to readjust our treaty relations
with her on a "basis conformable to her
new place among the nations."
Tis said that "distance lends en
chantment to the view," and the eco
nomic and race troubles in the Far
West have always seemed to Manhat
tan Island to be too remote to be seri
ous. The Journal of Commerce reas
suringly tells us that "the direction of
foreign affairs, neither in Japan nor
the United States, being confided to lu
natics, and it being quite inconceivable
that they ever will b'e, any talk of war.
Immediate or proximate, between the
two countries belongs to the most con
temptible variety of newspaper sensa
tion." Having thus eliminated all pos
sibility of war, "immediate or proxi
mate," and rebuked the "narrow-
minded prejudice and mischievous
demagogiem of Paclfto Coast labor
leaders and politicians," the Journal
says that "it may be confidently af
firmed that Japan will assent to- no
arrangement tinder which her people
may be condemned to occupy a position
inferior to that of other classes of im
migrants to these shores."
For the information of the Journal of
Commerce, Mr. Sargent and all other
distant observers of this Impending
race trouble, it may be stated that
there are a great many thousands be
sides "labor leaders and politicians"
who will enter strenuous objection to
any attempt on the part of the yellow
hordes from across the Pacific being
placed on an equality with the Anglo-
Saxon Immigrants whose mating with
our own Americans will produce no
strain of yellow in our blood. Perhaps
flew York judges the value of men by
poor standards. It will be freely ad
mitted, even in the West, that the low
liest Japanese or Chinamen that ever
lived would be entitled to equal rights
with a Stanford White or others of a
cult like his,- which seems adapted to
the soil of little old New York.
THE RACE-SCICIDK BOGS'.,
Major Charles F. Woodruff, M. D
U. S. A., has gotten In, through the
New York Sunday Times, a word in re
gard to the diminished- birth rate in the
United States that disposes of the bogy
or race suicide. Repeating the well
established facts that the birth rate di
minishes in direct proportion to the
growth in human intelligence, and that
the death rate for Infants has been so
diminished by medical and sanitary
science that it Is no longer necessary to
produce so many children in order to
keep up the quota of population, he
adds that it is of incalculable benefit
that the human race in its civilized
branches is gradually being condensed.
so to speak, in small families.
He finds that feeble children are now
brought up to lives of usefulness who
formerly perished; present types much
feebler than the. powerful prehistoric
brute survive in obedience to natural
law as being fitter for the purposes of
the world than the stupid man of great
strength. Supporting his argument by
contrasting examples, he finds that in
England andi France the more intelli
gent children of the lesser birth rate
survive; in Russia, with large families
and an enormous infantile death rate.
the most robust and often the etupid
est run the gauntlet of unsanitary con.
diitions and. grow to maturity.
Five births to a family, now ample,
would have Tneant race extinction" a
thousand yeans ago. The average
American family is now about four
in two or three centuries, as computed
by Dr. Woodruff, if our death Jpsses
continue to diminish at present rates,
the birth rate will drop naturally, and
without sny cause for alarm, to a
fraction over two children In a family.
The century-old graveyards of New
England, are dotted with graves scarcely-
a span long. Of seven, ten, twelve
children born to the pinched homes of
the weary toilers of the time of which
Rose Terry Cooke's -folk-lore tales
Jreat, iperhapa- -two or -three- .reached
manhood or womanhood. Of the four
composing the average family, as as
sessed by Dr. Woodruff, born in rural
or sub-rural New England, and out
beyond in the great West, three on an
average are added in due time to the
adult population. This is a distinct
gain both for humanity and for the
Nation in economic lines. So why not
take the cheerful, enlightened view of
the matter and stop deploring the
working of the natural law, which re
quires an excessive birth rate only to
counter-balance an excessive juvenile
death rate?
The House of Representatives killed
the bill which proposed to require the
appointment of at least two school
teachers upon the State Text-Book
Commission. This bill was introduced
at the suggestion of schoolteachers.
The defeat of the measure shows that
the people have not yet forgotten the
very Unsatisfactory conditions that ex
isted in text-book matters when the
educators were in full control of the
selections. A board composed of business'-'
men, including one educational
leader, may make some mistakes, but
it is not likely to make so many as
did the selecting board which served
in the palmy days of the text-book
trust.
"Every time I see an American I
have a contempt for him. If some day
Cuba is to fight, it will be with Amer
icans. Not until then will I accept the
chieftaincy of the rural guard." Thus
spake the fiery General Loynaz del
Castillo in an address to the Liberal
party at 'Havana. If the General is
sincere, the rural guard will be de
prived, of his services for all time. It
may be necessary for Uncle Sam to
take Cuba across the knee and admin
ister an occasional spanking, but as for
a "fight" between Cuba and the United
States, the .fiery General was either
joking or bad been drinking.
Editor McManus, of Pilot Rock, vis
ited Pendleton, became intoxicated,
and while in that condition shot and
killed a gambler, mistaking his victim
for another man. Of coarse when Mr.
McManus comes to his senses he will
be filled with regret, but that will not
restore the life he took. Tragedies of
this nature should serve as powerful
warnings against the evils of intem
perance, but, unfortunately, they are
too soon forgotten. Mr. McManus will
hardly commit any more murders, but
some other fool with a gun and no con
trol over his appetite will supply the
periodical tragedy of this nature.
The Russian famine committee - has
made an appeal to the American people
for financial assistance in aid of the
starving peasants. The Americans will
respond, of course they always do
but those who are members of the
American Society of Equity will per
haps have difficulty in restraining the
wish that Russia had fed more of her
wheat to the starving peasants and
thus kept it off the foreign markets,
where it played such havoc with the
chances for "dollar wheat" in this
country.
Mrs. Fish sat on the social aspira
tions of Mr. Harriman's daughters and
Mr. Harrirnan put Mr. Fish and his
three aristocratic supporters out of the
Illinois Central. So goes the latest New
York story. If Mr. Harriman is trying
to break Into the New York society he
naa rsouDies or -nis own. That a why
he's forgotten Oregon.
According to a Paris cable, Stanford
White was more of a favorite in the
French capital than was Harry Thaw.
In -view of some of the stories that are
told of the wickedest city tn the worldX
White may have found the company
more congenial than it seemed to the
hare-foradned spendthrift who after
wards executed him.
Have you ever noticed the vigor with
which Portland fights Appropriations for
normal schools or any other Improvements
for the state, that do not directly benefit
that city? Drain Nonpareil.
What appropriations are to be made
by the present Legislature for the di
rectjbeneflt of Portland?
The purpose of a banking law is to
protect depositors. Let that Ibe kept in
mind when the banking law is passed.
No bank at all la better than one that
gets away with the depositors' money,
yet it is not necessary, to make the
terms of a banking act prohibitory.
The queer part of the Evelyn Nesblt
Thaw testimony is that her story can
not be impeached by the District At
torney as false, for she is only telling
the Jury what she told her husband.
But it all sounds bad enough to be true.
Cascade County has gone elimmer-
ing, but the sun shines and the balmy
breezes blow and the soil yields of Its
great abundance just the same in the
beautiful Hood River Valley. . The ap
ples will never know the difference.
Mr. Jerome is going to send 'two or
more Aldermen to Sing Sing because
"there have been none there for twenty
years." That's certainly a long time
between Aldermen, which is New
York's word for Councilmen.
Mr. Rockefeller gives away $32,000,000
in a day and Standard Oil raises the
price of oil so as to realize an extra
$40,000,000 before the year ends. Edu
cation comes high, hut we must have It
It is reported that one firm Is setting
out 100 acres of prune trees In Polk
County. Certainly no lack of confl
dence in the future of the prune indus
try In that part of the Valley.
If any one arises from the hack row
and asks where Mr. Harriman got it,
the Lane County shippers are ready to
tell him. But it remains to be seen
where he is going to get it. j
John Sneed tells in The Oregonian
every Stinday a lot of interesting things
shout the "making of a successful
wife." Yet it would be hard to beat
the record- of Evelyn Thaw.
We understand it now. Senator
Bailey appealed to the 'unwritten law.
No written law appears Quite adequate
to the case of the man whose word Is
as bad as his bond.
We really see no reason for the head
line writers putting special emphasis
on the word "only" in announcing that
the Legislature yet has two weeks
more. .
The Portland bakers have organized,
but "not to raise prices." Organized
to keepprices down, no doubt.
As usual, the first thing asked for
when the mails got In was The Oregonian,
RADICALISM IX THE U. S. SENATE
Former Hna Received Impetus by Elec
tion of Three New Senators.
Washington (D. C.) Herald..
The struggling forces of radicalism in
the Senate will be strengthened to an ex
tent not wholly negligible as a result of
recent Senatorial elections. The Repub
lican membership has been increased by
four, and at least two of these accessions
are publicly pledged to a radical course,
especially as to a more rigorous assertion
by Congress of its power over interstate
commerce. Mr. Brown, who succeeds Mr.
Millard, from Nebraska, owes his tri
umph directly to the record he made as
Attorney-General of his state in prose
cuting railroads and other large corpora
tions for violation of the law. He Is only
40 years old, and his rise in politics has
been rapid because of his outspoken op
position to all forms of capitalistib com
binations. In the speech of acceptance,
delivered befort the Nebraska Legislature,
he declared that he would resolutely
stand by President Roosevelt's advanced
policies of all kinds. It Is stated by
persons familiar with Nebraska politics
that the railroad influences which have
dominated that state for many years
were earnestly opposed to his election.
If this statement Is true it doubtless Indi
cates that Nebraska's new Senator will
align himself with the radical element of
his party when he enters the Senate and'
remain with that element.
Delaware's new Senator, H. A. Richard
son, has also talked like a radical since
his election. Mr. Richardson for years
has been one of the largest packers and
canners in the East, and he has declared
that he heartily is in sympathy with the
pure food laws recently passed by Con
gress, and would make these enactments
even more stringent. He also favors the
taking by the Government of all Inter
state canals as a means of curbing the
greed of the railroads. It Is said that he
will Introduce a bill covering this propo
sition at the beginning of the next Con
gress. Mr. Dubois, a- radical Democrat, has
been succeeded from Idaho by a Repub
lican, who talks like a radical William
A. Borah, of Boise. Mr. Borah is only
42, and although a lawyer of large prac
tice, it is said that he has never been
in the employ of corporate interests In
his state. While he has made no public
declaration of his Intended course as a
Senator, it is believed by persons who
know him well that he will fight shy of
becoming identified with the dominant
conservative element of his party in the
upper chamber.
INTO THE MORMON; FOLD.
Condition That Proposed State
of
Lincoln Would Face.
BAKER CITY, Or.. Feb. 8. To the
Editor.) The proposed creation of the
new State of Lincoln probably will not
be seriously considered hy any one of
the three states concerned Idaho, Wash
ington and Oregon nor by the United
States. And yet the mooting of the
question to change the boundary lines of
the three states that would be affected
has raised more than one serious ques
tion of political and social importance.
Today Idaho is fully one-third Mormon.
By cutting off the Panhandle would prob
ably leave it more than half Mormon.
Attaching to Idaho the Oregon counties
of Baker, Malheur and Grant would not
alter that status, as in each of these
counties there are large Mormon colonies.
To say nothing of the Infamy of turn
ing the Gentile population of Southern
Idaho and Eastern Oregon Irrevocably
into the swllltub of the Mormon priest
hood at Salt Lake, the political conse
quences to the Nation would be even
more serious.
Already the Mormon priesthood is
clothed with state sovereignty in Utah,
and has two representatives In the Uni
ted States Senate and one In the lower
house of Congress. The proposed crea
tion of the new State of Lincoln would
completely Mormonize Idaho, , give that
priesthood two sovereign states instead
of one, four United States Senators in
stead of two, two Congressmen Instead
of one, and leave the new state of Lin
coln Itself seriously affected with the
cancerous growth by having attached to
t the jVormonized county of Union.
The growing menace of Mormonism in
the Pacific Coast States is quite as seri
ous as that of coolie immigration, and in
some respects even more so. Hy differ
ence in blood, the Western American In
stinctively understands the coolie Immi
gration question anfl the reasons for his
objections to same. Tfcut because its ad
herents are Anglo-Saxon he does not
comprehend that Mormonism is treason
able as well as alien In every fiber of Its
being, and is therefore an insidious as
well as an open enemy to free Institu
tions and Christian civilization.
There is little need of hurrying the In
evitable. What the English sparrow Is
to our native songbird, the Mormon is
to the remainder of the community whare
he settles. The end of the supremacy of
tne native is m sight, t-nder our polit
ical, system no state Is equal to the task
of coping with this Ishmaetlte of civiliza
tion. Only a strong centralized govern
ment, such as the President would have.
win nnany surnce to eradicate the Mor
mon evil from the American body politic
JOHN c. YOUNG.
Boston Bull and Teddy Bear,
New York Sun.
In the window of the Jewelry store
rjemrte tne broadway entrance to the
Lincoln Square Theater there was a
"Teddy bear." He was an automatic
bear, and when the current was on he
opened bis mouth and seemed to gulp.
and nls head swayed from side to side.
Last night at 8:30 o'clock a fugitive dog a
Boston bull of the feminine persuasion
came and stood before the window and
looked and for a while didn't sav a word.
Late playgoers let the first act go to see
what would come of it.
Bruin's Jaw dropped and the dog barked.
Bruin shook his head and the dog
growled. Bruin's paw moved and the dog
jumped straight at him. She hit the
glass and dropped, got up and Jumped
again, and again fell to the sidewalk.
Then she streaked tt for the door through
the legs of the crowd, steeplechased a
showcase and flung herself straight at
the bear's throat.
Merits Melsle, the Jeweler, grabbed her
and yanked, but that doesn't go with a
Boston bull. Policeman Barlow got on
the Job. By that time bruin was down
and being worried. Barlow whacked the
dog with his night stick and It was five
minutes, at that, before she let go.
Barlow ipoked bis finger under her collar
and dragged her to the West Sixty-eighth
6treet station. She was booked for dis
orderly conduct and chucked in a cell.
Handy With the Rope.
Vale Orlano.
A fine bald eagle was caught hy a
lasso thrown by Roy Clark on the Han-
ley ranch. It measured 6 feet 8 inohes
from tip to tip of the wings.
Retrospection
Edwin 1 Sahln In the Smart Set.
Satnt Valentine knocked at my bachelor
heart,
Where Cunld. the sloth, had beea Idle:
And bade me to take In sweet doings a part.
Ana whispered of mala and of ormat.
And here's to that. saint with prerogatives
quaint.
And here's to that maiden compelling.
And here's to that bridle (and ne'er a com
plalnt
Thouo-h changed, It-may be, in, the spell-in.
PERPETUAL FRANCHISES OF PORTLAND
State Granted Two Only (Both the Gas Company's), and All the
Others Came From the City Sweeping Character of the Freeman
Bill What the Coffey Bill Would Do.
MANY perpetual street franchises exist in Portland, all of them granted by
the city 'except two, and these two by the Legislature of Oregon for gas
service, one In 1859, the other In 1874.
These two would be repealed by the Coffey bill, which is now in the Senate
of the Legislature, after passing the House by a vote of 30 to 3.
The city, granted the other perpetual franchises, and can repeal them, if such
power of repeal exists. There Is substantial judicial authority for the opinion that
the city can repeal and that no street franchise can be vested forever in any
person or corporation.
It Is doubtful if the Legislature can repeal the franchises awarded by the
city, because the new Home Rule amendments to the Constitution, enacted by
the people last June (Art. 11. sec. 2; Art. IV, sec. 1 a.) expressly forbids the
Legislature to enact local legislation for cities.
It is likewise doubtful if the city can repeal the two gas franchises, since they
were enacted by the general law-making power of the state. Even If the legis
lature should delegate the power to the city to repeal them, It is doubtful if
such delegation of power would be valid.
The Freeman bill would revoke all perpetual franchises, everywhere In the
state, by general act; also all perpetual rights and privileges held by any cor
poration or individual. The terms of this bill are so broad, that it is not clear
how far they would go in revoking perpetual rights, privileges and franchises.
The Freeman bill passed the House Friday against but one negative vote.
In addition to the perpetual street franchises in Portland, are a number of
limited-term franchises, the most Important being for streetcars and telephones.
These would be touched by neither the CnrTey nor the Freeman hill.
All the franchises in Portland were given away free, yet are capitalized by
their possessors at millions of dollars, and when sold are sold for millions. Yet
the perpetual franchises pay no compensation to the public for use of the streets
and the limited franchises pay little.
Theso franchises are assessed for taxes on but a small fraction of their
capitalized value.
In June, 1905, the streetcar system of Portland Railway Company, together
with franchises, sold for $6,000,000. The value of the physical properties was but
J2.000.000, leaving the selling price of the franchises $4,000,000.
This $4,000,000 represented value given away by the public, yet the public?
must pay interest and dividends on It. t
Recently the Portland Gas Company was offered $3,000,000 for Its properties
and franchises, but demanded $4,000,000. A few months before February, 1906
C. F. Adams, president of the company. Informed a special Investigating com
mittee of the City Council, that the value of all physical properties of the com
pany was $2,250,000.
The difference between that sum and $4,000,000 the selling .price demanded,
represents the value put on the gas franchises. That difference is $1,T50.KV.
Should the Coffey bill and the Freeman bill pass, all the public-service cor
portatlons of Portland, not holding perpetual franchises, would secure new fran
chises from the city. .
The new franchises would charge compensation, for use of the streets, and
would give the city power to regulate quality and price of service power now
withheld.
The following is a list of street franchises In Portland:
PERPETUAL- FKAXCHISES.
Granted by Legislature.
- CRepealed by Coffey bill.)
YEAR GRANTED. KIND OF FRANCHISE. POSSESSOR.
18S9 Gas ' Portland Gas Companx"
1874 Gas . Portland Gs Company
Granted by
City can repeal and as new home
Legislature power to enact for cities.
YEAR GRANTED. KIND OF FRANCHISE. POSSESSOR.
, i . .
1803 Gas (East Portland) Portland Has Co.
18S2, 18S6, 1SS7, 1890, 1891. Electric Portland Gon. Elect, Co.
1SH8 Railroad. Fourth street Southern Pacific
1S76 Railroad E. First street Southern Pacific
1899 Railroad, E. Second street O. R. & N.
1SS2 Railroad, N. Front street N. P. Terminal Co.
1S82, 1888, 1899, 1902 Railroad, various streets N. P. Terminal Co.
in North Portland
1S76, 1881, 1SS7, 1803, 1899.. Railroad, various streets S. Pac. and O. R. Sc N.
1893 . . ' Telegraph Western Union
18S6 Telegraph Am. District Postal
3887 Telegraph Am. District Postal
1882 , Elevator Port. Hydraulic Elev. P.
LIMITED-TERM
' Granted
YEAR GRANTED.
KIND OF
1902
1903
1S9S
1902
1888 .
lQI. m mm 9
189.1
350 . m 9- e mm )
1 Csi.
1905 ......
1905
1906....
190fi
1903
1906 -
191
1903.
1906
SO
Street r
Streetcar
Streetcar (Madison st.)
Streetcar (E. Water)
Streetcar (Hawthorne nve.)
Streetcar (Madison bridge)
Streetcar (E. Eleventh)
Streetcar (various streets)
Streetcar (Morrison bridge)
Streetcar (Stark st.)
Streetcar (Twelfth sr.)
Streetcar (Front st.)
Streetcar (Seventh st.)
Telephone
Telephone
Messenger
Market Block
Heating
Electrto
30 i
26
60
80
30
25
80
25
1
251
25 1
25
25:
LIFE IN THE OREGON COtlXTRY.
Something Dointe In Kalama.
Cowllts County News.
A balky cow, a man with a stick, a
woman with a bunch of hay, man pull
ing on a rope, a butcher twisting the
eoWs tail, and a dog barking vocif
erously, but all to no purpose,-
Tabl d'Hote In Seattle"
Municipal News.
Jap restaurants have raised the price
of three-course meals from 10 to 16
cents. Too much. Their customers
might sacrifice the price of two beers
for a meal, but never of three.
Spring; la There Already.
Myrtle Point Enterprise.
The pussy willows are In bloom and
gooseberries, wild roses and other simi
lar bushes are In bud. It will be at
least two months ' before our Eastern
folks can e anything like that.
A Dou&las County Hop:.
C. L. Willis in Roseburg Review.
I saw by' The Oregonian that the
Linn County farmers were killing some
AN INFANT
City of Portland.
rul e amendment to constitution denies to
Legislature perhaps cannot repeal.
FRANCHISES.
by City.
FRANCHISE.
POSSESSOR.
Portland Railway
Portland Railway
O. "W. P. Co.
O. W. P. Co.
O. W. P. Co.
O. W. P. Co.
O. W. P. Co.
O. W. P. Co.
Portland Railway
T7nited Railways
United Railways
United. Railways
United Railways
Pacific States Co.
Home Telephone Co,
Citv Mess. & Del.
Union Market Assooiafri
Portland General Elect.
Mt. Hood Ry. & Power
big hogs. I killed a thoroughbred "Da
roc Jersey" hog, the 23d of this month,
that dressed 490 pounds. Douglas
County has some big hogs also.
More "Spies."
Medford Southern Oregonian.
Forty-five Japanese have arrived 4i
Ashland and will be distributed along
the railroad north to work on the dif
ferent sections. Only a few of them
are able to understand English, Just
how many more are ootnlng IA not
known, but it Is likely that the wtilte
laborers along the line will get
"bumped" to make room for-thess pes
tiferous little fellows.
Barbarous Job.
Echo Register.
Echo has a couple of new barbers
that are working without licenses and
the. authorities should look Into the
matter. The first customer they had.
la a man by the name of Oleson, It
took both of them to do the work, for
one of them cut his whiskers off with
a pair of tin snips, while the other one
shingled hla hair with a pair of sheep
hears. This will likely be their last
customer.
INDUSTRY
-From the Philadelphia. Inquirer.
h 1906