J fw mmg Jill
VOL. XL. VI NO. 14,393. FOBTLAyP, OREGON, THURSDAY, JAKTJABY 24, 19Q7. . - . PRICE FIVE CENTS.
i - I I IIP I I I I .1. . ! 1 " 11 - , , ,
5HQKT5 GIVES UP
I K 5TH15
Resigns to Run New
York Rapid Transit.
STEVENS WILL SUCCEED HIM
Red Tape and Senate's Oppo
sition Weary Shonts.
ROOSEVELT'S HIGH PRAISE
.Accepts Heslfrnatton Willi Extreme
Reluctance Shonts Will Let the
Canal Contract and Offices
AVHI .Move to Isthmus.
NEW CHIEF CAXAL-DIGGER.
John V. Stevens, who -will succeed
Theodore P. Khonts as chairman of the
Ifrt'hmicui Canal CommteKlon, while re
taining hla present position aa chief
fnin Is well known In the Pacific
JsTorthwmrt. Me was chief fnglnMr In
charge of the survey ajmI location of
the Great Nortrvern extension from
Havre to Pug&t Sound, and laid out
h whol line. besides he. v i n g general
supervision of Its construction. Ste'na'
Faa, by which the Great Northern
crmM the Cascade Mountain to
named after ftlm.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23. The resig
nation of Theodore P. Shonts as chair
man of the Isthmian Canal Commission
was announced at the White House to
day. It will take effect not later than
March 4. Mr. Shonts having been elect
ed today president of the Inter-
borough-Metropolltan Company, which
controls the rapid transit and many
surface lines In New York.
Is'o announcement was made as to
TVho will succeed Mr. Shonts as Chair
man of the commission, but It was
liirn-d an thor-1 t at i-sly that headquar
ters will' be rembi fcd firom Washington
to the Isthmus and that a high salaried
chairman to serve In that capacity
alone will not be named. This being
admitted, it follows that John K. Stev-
ons. the engineer In charge of the con
struction of the canal, would not be
made subordinate to another official
on the Isthmus. It is regarded as a
certainty that xMr. Stevens will be
named as chairman of the commission
In connection with his post as chief
engineer.
Thanks Roosevelt for Support.
Mr. Shont's retirement does not come
wholly as a surprise. It has been
rumored persistently that as soon as
action had been taken on the propo
sition to dig by contract. Mr. Shonts
would resume a calling- more congenial
to his taste. Secretary Taft today con-
firmed that rumor by saying that Mr.
- Shont's resignation was voluntary,
which fact is borne out by the Presl-
dent's letter In accepting It.
Mr. Shont'a letter of resignation, ad
dressed to the President, follows:
I hereby tender my resignation- as -"haIr-
man o th Isthmian Canal Commission, ef
fective at your pleasure, hut not later than
Miirch 4, lOOT. It in unnecessary for me to
aMure you of my grat ppriclatlon of th
confidence you have reposed in me, and of
the splendid support you "have always ac
corded me since my f1rnt appointment by
you.
President's n a ttcr Inpz Tterly.
Tlio resident's reply tollows;
T accept your resignation as chairman of
h IrtTiT-n Cnl Co mm I -) on to tnke f-
frt 3Vf -- r 4. with xtrem 1 i -t-. n - . I
no PO merely because I do not feel Justified
In praventlnif yoUP acoplanos of the 'post-
tlon you havK bn Mked to talc In Naw
Toi-lc po!tkB rT such n vmt coniirqnenr1.
xiot mrfly to th pxx1 with whom -vou
ti ll! lift ar5?rciatra n the rnanaKement of the
enterprise hut to all citizens of Kew TorV.
""ou hav shown throughout your uvooiatloR
with tho Isthmian Canal 'Commltslon such
neriry. administrative capacity, fertility of
rwurce and juraent in handling men, o-
Bether with such entire devotion to your
woi-le. ttist I hardly know- whether most to
Tprrrt ths ract that th Na.tlons.1 aovern-
ment Is to lose you or most to congratulate
thos who m to profit by your services in
your new position.
w,Mi '! Rood wl.Tfo. for your future and
-wltn tha heartlMt thank on behalf of the
Government for what you 'have done in the
last 18 months In th vitally responsible po-
ltlon you have held, believe me. etc.
Organliation Work Finished. '
Mr. Tart tonight called attention to the
fact that th work of organizing the Com
mission had ben completed and that, as
Mr. Shonts had. fcren brought here to
assume trie executive duties necessary to
such organization, his continued presence
""'". i na rcyan-
Helmont syndicate, which has now se-
curcd Mr. Shonts" services, sou&ht them
some time ago. Before doing so. how
ever. Paul Morton, formerly Secretary of
the Navy . called on Mr. Roosevelt and
acquainted him with the intentions of
the Tnterborough Metropolitan. It la said
the, President then expressed regret at
the thought of losing; Mr. Shonts' ser-
viccs, but agreed not to stand In the
way if he should he elected president of
the company. That he had full Informa
tion concerning Mr. Shonts' future la
shown by the fact that he refers to it
In hi" letter accepting the resignation,
though Mr. Shonts does not In his letter
to the President. .
Mr. Shonts became Chairman of the
Oommlsslon April . 1906, coming from
1 Tie presidency of the, Cloverr Leaf Route.
This connection, together with the fact
that Mr. Shonts spent little time on the
Isthmus, caused considerable dissatisfac
tion In the Senate, The two objections
thus raised contributed to the failure of
the Senate last session to confirm the
nominations of Canal Commissioners and
they have not Bince been confirmed. The
failure jof the nominations In the Senate,
however, had nothing- to do with Mr.
Shonts' decision to resign, except insofar
as the incident) caused him to chare un
der the restraint of the "Ted tape"
through which Tie was compelled to work
by reason of he Senate canal commit
tee not be lug In harmony with the Com
mission. .' He frequently expressed dis
satisfaction with conditions and said to
a number of friends that, were It not
for his friendship for the President and
Mr. Taft, he would resign and again
take up railroad work, where he "would
not nave to ask permission to "buy a
leaj pencil."
In reorganization of the Commission
the President was carrying out a plan
he had for securing: more effective work
5:
John F. Rterens, Who Will Succeed
astionta as Chairman of the Isth
mian Canal Commission.
on the Isthmus. He felt that the old
Walker Commission was too cumbersome
and asked Congress forauthority to re
duce the Commission to three members.
Congress failed to take the action he de
sired, so the President then called for
the resignations of the members of the
Walker Commission. Securing these, he
named a new Commi&slon on April S.
Jn removing headquarters of the Com
mission from Washington to the isthmus
the extensive offices here will be aban
donee!. In the Washington office there
has been the Secretary of the Commis
sion with a definite line of . work, the
chief of the office In active charge , of
alTuirs In the absence of the 'Chairman,
the auditing and purchasing department,
as well aa a number of other branches.
It is obviona that some of these depart
ments will have to be retained, but It ts
likely they will be placed under a bureau
of the War Department, possibly under
the Insular Bureau.
It is expected that "before Mr. Shonts
actually severs his connection he will dis
pose of the matter of letting the canal
by contract, which is now pending- In
his office, bids having: been opened more
than' a week ago.
Mr. Shonts left here yesterday for Kan.
sas City, where he will make an address
tomorrow night.
TO ItUX RAPID TRANSIT LINES
Belmont Secured Him as President
With Roosevelt's Consent. -
NEW YORK. Jan. 23. Theodore I.
Shonts. whose resignation a chairman of
the Canal Commission was announced to
day In Washington, haa been elected pres
ident of the Inter-Boroueh-MetropoUtan
Company, of this city. August , Balmont,
Who has headed the "Dig compjftiy since
its organization, will remain as chairman
of the various boards of .directors in the
combine.
The company gave' out a statement to-
toy, Saying Mr, Shonts had been odered
the place only after the President had
agr-ACa-l to release him from the Canal
Com mln."l n. Alt. Belmont Im reoponsrble
for Mr. Shonta" appointment, according to
the. Btatoment feeling- that the position
was one requiring a man's undivided at
tention. Mr. Shonts 'rill. Tor- the present. - jrt v
BUCh attention, to the traction company as
his tlm will permit, and on March i Will
VARUM PREDICTS FAILIKE
French Engineer Condemns Amerl-
.. can Plans lor Canal.
IXNrXN, Jan. 23- PhJUlppe Bunau
YarlUa, -t one time minister of the
Panama Republic to the United States, in
an address before the British Society of
Arts tonight stronply criticised the Amer
ican plan for building; the Panama Canal.
The Frencli Idea, he declared, is much.
more feasible.
"If the Americans persist In fighting
against nature, the world will be deprived
of s perfect hhrhway for commerce and
obtain after many years of blind and nse-
lcss work an expensive and unsafe high-
level lock canal, the keystone of which,
the Gatun dam. will be washed out at
the first earthquake, perhaps even before
Its inauguration."
LETS THE JAPANESE LAND
But Sargent Still Suspects Contracl
Labor Law. Is Broken.
SAX FRANCISCO, Jan. 22.-The 200
Japanese Immigrants who arrived here
yesterday on the steajner Alameda and.
whose landlmr was not allowed by the
iiiiiuiKraiion commissioner were per
mitted to land today on Instructions from
Washington. The reason for their de
tention and release were not made public
WASHINGTON. Jan. 23.-Commissloner
of Immigration Sargent has asked Com
missioner North at San Francisco to tele
graph a report on the detention or the
ship Alameda with a view to an ex
planation as to whether several hundred
Japanese passengers ahoard are coming
Into the United States In violation ot the
alien contract labor law.
J i ajt; I ,
IK.
TRIAL FOR LIFE
Two Jurors Secured in
First Day's Work,
UNWRITTEN LAW AT DISCOUNT
All Talesmen Ready to Let
Law of Lahd Rule.
NONE OPPOSED TO HANGING
Thaw's Family Out In Force, His
Wile Beautiful as Ever Thaw's
. Manner Chances Prom In
terest to Indifference.
NEW YORK. Jan. 23. The long-awaited
trial of Harry K. Thaw for the murder
of Stanford "White began here today be
fore Justice "Fitzgerald. Two jurors were
secured as a result of the day's work.
Out of the 200 talesmen 19 were examined.
Three successfully passed the rapid-fire
questions of the opposing counsel, . but
one was afterward excused by the court
after making some private representa
tions concerning 'his business. At 10:30
o'clock tomorrow morning the court will
resume the work, of choosing a Jury which
shall pass on the Justice of Thaw's claim
that he had a right to shoot the man
who had "ruined his wife."
Nearly all the talesmen examined
seemed anxious to serve, and the chal
lenges were In nearly every Instance of
a peremptory character, nearly evenly
divided between the prosecution and the
defense. -
None Would Obey Higher Law.
The examination of the first talesman
was followed with the keenest Interest,
as it was thought the line of question
ing by the attorneys for Thaw would
develop the character of the defense they
were to set up. There was disagreement
on this point. The defendant's counsel
seemed willing -to aocept anv proposed
Juror who satisfactorily answered the
questions put by District Attorney Je
rome, who personally conducted the ex
amination. The defense peremptorily
challenged two talesmen, however, who
gave their business as architects.
Mr. Jerome asked each talesman In
turn if he would be influenced by the
so-called higher, or unwritten, law to
the exclusion of the actual laws of the
state as they would be laid down by
Justice Fitzgerald. There was none to
say he would not accept the court's rul
ing on all questions of law.
On the question of Insanity as an ex
cuse for crime, Mr. Jerome explained to
each talesman that the law excused only
those persons who were laboring under
such a defective reason as not to know
the nature or the Quality of the act
committed or even to know the act was
wrong. The talesmen Bald that In this
too they would be guided solely by the
court's order
Xo Scruples About Hanging.
The usual percentage of talesmen
who declare their conscientious scruples
against capital punishment was missing
today. On the other hand, every tales
man examined said he had formed or
expressed an opinion on the case. All
admitted, however, that their opinions
GEORGE E- TO HILIJA.M 4., IF TOU
THAW
were based on newspaper reports, and
these had been so conflicting from time
to time as to make their opinions sus
ceptible to change by actual evidence.
The talesmen were asked If they knew
Thaw's friends or White's or anyone con
nected with the case. They were asked
whether they were on the Madison Square
roof garden the night of the tragedy, if
they had friends in Ilttsburg, or if their
sympathy or emotions would affect their
fair-minded judgment.
The presence of threa noted alienists
in the courtroom as prospective witnesses
for ' the prosecution created some com
ment. Thaw sat during the day at the table
set apartfor his counsel. At times he
seemed to take a. lively interest In the
examination of the men summoned to
decide his fate. Again he would seem
listless and his eye?, deep set and having
something: of a stare, roved about the
courtroom. Hl face was pallid, doubt
less due to his seven months' confinement
in the Tombs.
Just behind the prisoner1 Fat the sev
eral members of his family. They srreet-
ed the prisoner with a smile he strode
- J V f :
I s "
I L '
ii f -;,
h4
liarrv Thaw. Who Is on Trial for the
Murder of (Stanford White.
past on the way to his seat. Thaw bowed
to them gractoiMly: Mrs. William Thaw,
the prisoner's mother, was dressed in
black and wore a heavy black veil, her
white hair showing in striking: contrast
against the somber costume. Bhe sat
with her eyes fixed on her son and spoke
seldom to her children about her.
The Countess of Yarmouth, who was
Miss Alice Thaw, followed her mother.
Her gown was of brown, but with coat
effect There was a decided murmur In
the courtroom as the spectators noted the
striking resemblance between the Countess
and the prisoner. M rs. George Lauder
Carnegie, another sister of the defendant,
came in 'with the Countess.
Mrs, Evelyn Nesbit Thaw, around whom
the storm of the great trial will rage,
appeared, with May McKenzle, the actress
who has been her sole companion since
the night of the tragedy, when the
aT-tlsts-nijdel wife of . WfcHnford, White,
slayer fle3 to Aftes. MrKn'cie's s!aartment
The younger Mrs. Thaw was dreseed in
dark blue and wore a plain dark hat
which was almost entirely covered by a
white tulle veil.
. Wife's Beauty Unimpaired.
TCot once during the day did Mrs. Thaw
remove the veil, but her features were
plainly discernible, and there was about
them much of the beauty which caused
her to be so widely sought as a model!
V.,r nntorl or- Set Qlia DurnA rlroTT
the keenest interest in every question and
was constantly nodding; her head, as
though to give assent to some mental
conclusion she had reached.- Hardly once
during the day did Harry Thaw take,
his eyes from the front and look at his
relatives,, who Included his brother and
his brother-in-law, George L. Carnegie.
The family party was escorted to au
tomobile cabs at the end of the day by
a squad of policemen.
Aside from the members of the family.
there were only four women In the court
room and these were newspaper writers.
The attendance today was confined to
newspaper people and Jury talesmen.
The two Jurors selected were turned
over to a bailiff. ' who will have them
in charge until the end. of the trial. They
are Demlng. B. Smith, a retired manu
facturer of umbrellas, and. Charles H.
Fecke, an enjploylng teamster.
There will two daily sessions of the
trial, concluding each, afternoon at S
aS'cIoclc.
t
. t: V. .-.'. ..I
A LITTLE COLLOQUY- (POSSIBLY) AT SALEM TODAY
REALJ.T WAVT TO BE PRESIDENT GET A
FOR VICK-rREeilDEKT.
BAILEY SAVAGELY
LASHES HEARST
Attributes Troubles to
Yellow Editorr
VENTS VENOM IM ASSEMBLY
Texas Flooded With Newspa-
pers Filled With Scandal.
POURS . FORTH EPITHETS
Calls Hearst Moral Tepcr, Political
Oegenerate, Physical Coward.
State Obtains Evidence Damn-
Ing; Documents Are Genuine.
AU6TTN, Tex., Jan. 23. (Special.) The
joint session of the legislature confirmed
the re-election of Senator Bailey today,
and the Senator was sent for by the
committee with an Invitation to make an
address.
MI will not play the' hypocrite end say
I have forgiven my enemies, but I assure
my friends you can always command me
to the last drop of .blood." said Mr.
Bailey. 'The past four months witnessed
one of the most strenuous efforts" ever
made in this Republics to dsteat the will
of the people. The unwrual part of this
contest is that it was inspired and Inaugu
rated by a man who was never a citizen
of Texas and with bo aim except to
further his interests,
!
Hearst's Aimto Destroy Him.
"William R. Hearst inaugurated a cam
paign againstjne -last June in his maga
zine. He has sought 'to sow the etate
with infafnous scandal by sending thou
sands of rpapers to be spread abroad by
newsdealf-rs as samples to poison, the
minds Qt the people.
"So n-an's character or woman's name
Is safe in his mad rush for conquest. All
his millions and newspapers could not at-
tract me to support such a man, who
with all the !Tna;ehinery eveij set to work
'-mertfn politics haa nought to de
stroy me, as be has destroyed others and
will destroy others to come. ,
Moral Leper, Degenerate Coward.
"He Is a man. without character or
intellect, whose candidacy would debauch
any race or whose leadership would de
stroy any iparty & moral leper, a politi
cal degenerate and a physical coward.
He says things, about me that he would
not say to me.
I would declare to the world that,
while differing with President Roosevelt
upon political questions, yet I unquali
fiedly indorse his action in the matter
of the Brownsville Incident. We must
treat the negro justly so long as he be-
haves himself, but for negro criminals
we can have no tolerance."
New Charges Preferred.
The election took place in the presence
of a large assembly, many of whom
came from remote parts of Texas. Mr.
Bailey received 108 votes of 147 cast- When
the announcement was made the occu
pants of the galleries engaged in pro
longed applause.
The Investigating committee of the
Legislature today considered new charges
against Mr. Bailey, preferred by Repre
sentative Cock. These declare that Mr.
Bailey, while holding his office aa Sena-
GOOD 5IAV TO FXTT WITH TOP
4
tor, secured the settlement of claims for
persons interested In the livestock mar
ket and Kas secured Government con
Cessions for private interests of land In
the Indian Territory. The new charges
will be Siled with the others.
EVIDENCE IS PROVED GENUINE
Vaters-Plerce Official 1-Vrcecl to
Testify Agafnst Bailey.
AUSTIN, Tex., Jan.'' 23. Acting under
authority of the Texas anti-trust law.
County Attorney Brady late this after-
noon had H. Naudin, one or the auditors
of the Waters-Pierce Oil Company at St.
Louis, brought before Judge J. J. Moore
to ftecure testimony as to the authenticity
of documentary evidence held by the state
In connection with the Waters-Pierce Oil
Company, which will be used In the forth
coming: anti-trust suits airainst the com
pany. This testimony now has a promi
nent part In the Investigation of Senator
Joseph W. Bailey by the legislative com
mittee. Mr Nauain, -through his attorneys. J". T.
f WW
Theodore F. Shonts, Who Ha Re-
sigurd a Chairman of Isthmian
Canal Commission.
Johnson, of St. Louis, and R. I. Penn,
of this city, exerted every effort to re
frain from passing: upon the authenticity
of the papers, but he was finally ordered
to do so by the court, the ruling being
that the Texas anti-trust law granted the
prosecutTcn the right to grot any state
ment from anyone concerning cases at
any time that they could secure wit
nesses. It was possible, added the court,
that Nauditi would be without the Juris
diction of the state courts when the case
Is called for trial In March.
Among the facts obtained from Mr.
Naadin were that the notations on a
(Concluded on Paice 3.)
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
The Weather.
TWfn'PJRDATT Maximum temperature. 43 de
Ereeu ; mlnlmurn. 3Q.
TODAY'S Threatening with probably rain;
, southeasterly wlnda
Kingston Earthquake.
Arrhhisrion Is uttall condemns stopping- of
rel ler . Pago 2.
Kingston paper bitterly attacks Swettenham.
Page 2.
Swettnham admits writing letter to ravia
and. must explain. Pace 2.
Roosevelt considers Incident closed. Page 2.
Two more severe shocks. Page 2.
Foreign.
BUzxard in- Kurope continues, causing many
deaths. Pair- 4.
Socialists confident of victory In Germany.
4.
National.
fihont m ronlgnn from canal commission to
run New York rapid-transit lines. Pag 1.
Roosevelt sends message advocating; ship
subsidy. Page 3.
Sate passes salary .noreaee- bill. Page 4.
Hayr. of California, denounce Rooavelt't
Japanese policy In House. Pafee 2.
California Leglalature takes, up fight, for
Japanese ichoola. Page 2.
Final changei in river and harbor bill. Page
Politics.
Bailey savagely attacks Hearst before Texas
Legislature. Page 1.
Proof that documents used against Bailey
are genuln. Page 1.
Domestic.
HaKIn writes on servant-girl problem. Page
1.
dr-ldes against Great
tot-It loavue. Page A.
Twenty miners killed In Colorado. Page 4.
Livestock convention Indorses Roosevelt'!
land policy. Page 3.
Proiity movH for lower frclRht rates Cor
Uen-ver. Paite 4.
Tnaw trial begins in New York, Page X.
FarJAe Coast
Sesat tie exposition manB(imnt bimsstepa oam-
palKU for f 1,000,000 .t Olympla. T.
Washington legislature attuki Railroad
Vommlfslon, Fage 5.
Tacoma may drop out of Northwest Base-
tall l.fagu. PaR r.
Idatio lR-lslatura nartitjns: o-vr local-option
bill. Page T.
Rev. E. J. Thompson, veteran Fresbytcrmn
clergyman, dead at Albany. Or. Page 7,
OretroB Xjesrislmturev
Blctlon of Hon rno and Mulkey an Cnltod
States Senators confirmed. Page o.
Grangers go to Salm to oppose reduction of
gross-earnings tax. Page 6.
y r Irm. I J.. ,r w yr
it - if I J
Serious defect In National Guard law to be
corrected. Page 6.
Lien laws to be extended and corrected.
Paae .
Creation of State Inspector of Accounts pro
posed by bill pending. Page 6.
L(rislation to confine stock eompanUn to
strict truth In prospectus writing. Page 6.
Timber barons rally to defoat. bill for taxa
tion of timber lands. page 7.
Portland and VIclnlfT.
Interstate Commerce Commission Investiga
tion of Harrlman merger to be begun In
Portland today. Page 14.
Senator-elect Mulkey leaves today for Wash-
Ington to begin six-weeks1 term, rage 16,
VotT to decld at Jun election on addlnjc
i.3To.OOO to Portland's bonded debt. Page
Portland Realty Board glvea Its annual
banquet. Page 10.
T. M". C. A. renews campaign for new build
ing. Paare O.
ICew rnlon Labor party adopts platform.
Page 10.
Bryan departs and loaves no pear In ranks
of Portland Democracy. Page 10.
Portland banks almost a tin 1 T In favor or
proposed banking; law. Page 11.
Commercial and Marine,
Excitement in Oregon potato market. Page
Sharp advance. In wheat at Chicago. Page 13.
Break lit Hill stocks. Fage 15.
'River steamers suffer from shortage In fuel
oil. Page 14.
Port of Portland Commission will visit Ice
Jam. Page It.
WORLD CRIES FOR
GOOD SERVANTS
Trouble Began' With
Pilgrim Fathers.
EVEN THE SOUTH COMPLAINS
Objections of Women to Be
coming Hired Girls.
REPLY OF THE HOUSEWIFE
Two Sldos to This a.m Every Other
Question Many - Girls III-
Treated and Shorn
of Liberty.
BY FRBDBRIC J. HASKTN'.
Washington, jan. is. (Special cor
respondence. )-The great problems revolv
ing around the tariff and states' rights
and the income tax may be appalling-'and
portentous, but to the average American
woman they are all together not a patch
on the servant question. Before the all
absorbing anxiety as to whether Mary
Jane will stay, or whether Susan can
ever be persuaded to come back, other
earthly things fade Into Insignificance.
From North. South. Bast and West
comes the plaintive plea: "Send us a
competent, reliable, well-trained servant."
It Is just another way of sounding the
old Macedonian cry, "Come over and
nelp us."
There are 10,000,000 American women
doing their own work In their own homes
without pay. while 1.500.000 servants and
waiters look: after the wants of the re
maining 6,000,000 families In this country.
This is an arithmetical problem that can
not posstbly work out to the satisfaction
of all. and so a goodly percentage of the
6,000,000 rarnWes are driven Into hotels ami
boarding houses. With only one servant
to every four families, conditions cannot
be Idyllic, because the beads or three of
these families must be ever on the
strain to find, capture and domesticate
that rara avis, "a good, plain cook."
Pilgrims' Had Same Woes.
Take up any dally paper and see Just
how many weary housewives are beseech
ing; the cooks, maids and laundresses of
the land to look with favor upon them.
This is not a new question in this coun
try. It began with the malting of his
tory on this side ot the pond. Even the
Wlnthrops, the powerful family of Mas
sachusetts Colonial Governor, had their
troubles. Whenever ships landed servants
In New England, the Governor naturally
had the pick of the lot, yet In the early
days of Boston history we find John Win
throp writing despairingly to his father
of the "lying, ungrateful servants" he
had. In those days It was a toss-up
whether a housewife, be she New Eng-
lander or "Virginian, should buy a black,
savage from a slave ship and train, him.
get an Indian fresh from the forest who
might tomahawk her any minute, or go
to work: and do the iob herself.
No won"der a slave ship was often re-
ceived with, tears of tnankfulness. The
old elders of Newport were wont to
gather themselves togetrv-ar after the ar
rival or a. Dutch or Bngllah slavesr, and
piously express gratitude that "a Gra
cious Providence haa been pleased to
brinjr to this land ot freedom, another
cargo of -b-enlsrhted heathen to enjoy the
blessings of gospel dispensation." At
such times there, were also some very
tronn thoughts in their mindn About
Are building and other domestto chores
that the henljhtea heathen mignt con
veniently lift from their shoulders In
excharnre for the aid gospel dispensation.
In the South, where the sla-vea used to
55 jWSt-miWtcni in the different tranchei
of domestic art. one would hardly ex-
Pct tT find a dearth of servants, yet
the houoowlvon of Memphis, which is
located near ttie heart of tiw wacK twit,
are writing: to Ireland for .servant strls.
In reply a priest -wrote that England, had
already drawn upon, his and surrounding
parishes for all available girls, ana that '
those who had th best interests of his
people at heart were unwilling to see 1
them go Into service In foreign lands.
Where Is the mil?
And -where Ih the fault? "What Is the
reason for this laclc of hands to do
honorable toil which so sorely needs to
be done? Is It because. In this country
"one whom, you employ today may be
your equal tomorrow? Have we luted
the 'right kind of "hired girl" so badly
that she wont have anything more to
do with us? Or is It due to the fact
that women generally lack the executive
ability to manage their houses? In a
widespread investigation f the question.
the chief reasons given by employes for
leaving their places were: Hours too
long; hours too Irregular; too many re
strictions placed on personal liberty; too
much Isolation from frlnds: too llttlo
time allowed for visiting: poor sleoplngr
Sccommodattons; poor food often the
cold hnd unpalatable remains of the
family meal: the illeirar with holding of
wauea: and ths tendency of most house
wives to have all thinas done after their
own way, when the way ot a well-trained
domestic might be just as good and much
I'lalnt or the Mistress.
On the other hand, the employers
claim the help they get Is untrained;
that servants demand too hisrh wagres:
that they cannot allow liberties, for
If an Inch Is given' an ell will be de- ,
manded; that If too much liberty out
side the house Is sriven. It Is likely to
(Concluded on Pass 8.)
7