VOL. XLVI. NO. 14,337.
PORTLAND, OREGON, THURSDAY, DECE3IBER
1906.
PRICE
CENTS.
RACES CLASH AT
fine
Serious Riot Is Barely
Averted.
POLICE INTERFERE IN TIME
Stableman Starts Trouble by
Striking Japanese.
BROWN MEN RESENT ACT
Form Mob to Avenpe Insult Whites
Rally to Support of Comrade, but
Officers Stop Hostilities.
Aggressor Is Arrested.
SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 12. (Special.)
A small riot. Insignificant In Itself,
but which may be the first of a aeries
of events to strain the relations be
tween Japan and America to the break-
Ing point, occurred late this afternoon
In the Japanese quarter on Geary
street. A young man. Ed Mell, em
ployed in a stable at 1515 Geary street,
precipitated the disturbance with a vi
cious swing which landcH on the jaw
of Tokuchika, a Japanese delivery
driver. In an Instant 100 angry Jap
anese and a Bcore of young Americans
had collected. There was a general
move of the Orientals toward Mell.
"Come on, all of you," he cried. "I'll
lick every d d Jap in the crowd."
Police Prevent a Klot.
The warlike tone of the young fellow
aroused the crowd aid the races
squared away, preparatory to a general
engagement. Older men kept peace
until police officers could close in and
arrest young Mell and dispersed the
crowd. The fighting blood of young
Japan had -met the fighting blood of
Toung America.
Mell, who is 23 years of age, was
caring for .vehicles as they came Into
the stable. The Japanese driver, who
is 30 years of age, drew up in front
of the stable to deliver a package.
"Back your horse out of the way!"
shouted Mell.
The Japanese refused to comply. Mell
seized the horse's bridle and began to
hack the animal, when the Oriental
shouted at him, ordering him' to desist.
By this time a mob of Japanese and
another of Americans had collected,
each encouraging its countrymen. .Mell
climbed upon the wagon and angry
words followed.
Lands on Japanese' Jaw.
Suddenly Mell shot a swift right to
the. jaw of the Oriental. The crowd
closed In upon the two. The Japaneso
hurried Tokuchika out of the way and
then advanced upon Mell. Americans
came to his aid and defied the Ori
entals. When a generei mixup appeared in
evitable a police officer rushed in be
tween the combatants, seized Mell and
placed him under arrest.
As Mell was being led away a Japa
nese remarked in a loud voice, to a
companion: "San Francisco will soon
be controlled by the Japanese!"
Another Clash Threatened.
The hell it will!" hurled back one
of the white boys in the crowd, and the
two rushed at each otiier. They were
pulled apart by bystanders.
A report of the entire affair was
made to the Japanese Consul. Toku
chika placed his case in the hands of
James B. Nakada, a local Japanese in
terpreter. GEAR IX PROPOSES REMEDY
w Treaty Willi Japan Kxcluding
Coolies From America.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
ington. Dec. 12. Senator Gearin today
introduced and will later speak on a
resolution that it be the opinion of the
Senate that our treaty with Japan be
so modified as to prohibit the coming
to this country of Japanese coolie labor.
He will say that It Is the only solution
of existing trouble, and inasmuch as
the Japanese government does not want
her people to emigrate, he believes
Japan will agree to such modification
of the treaty at this time as will avoid
a repetition of the trouble experienced
by tho Pacific Coast with the Chinese
prior to the passage of the exclusion
act. He will talk with Senators from
the Pacific Coast before making his
speech, and will unquestionably have
their united support.
Following is the text of Mr. Gearln's
resolution:
"W-herraa, controversy ha arisen as to richts
of Japanese residents in the United Slates
under the existing treaty with Japan and it is
desirable that all cause ot misunderstanding
as to the scope and meaning, of the terms
used In that treaty should be removed, to the
end that the present friendly relatione be
iwcen the two governments should continue;
and
Whereas, the Senate considers that further
unrestricted immigration of Japanese laborers
Into this country is not desirable; therefore,
be It
Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate
that it Is advisable that negotiations should
be entered Into with the Japanese government
by the proper executive otTlccrs ot the United
states, with a view to securing such niodin
cfltlons of the existing treaty with Japan as
will clearly define and enumerate the rights
uiaranUed Javanese under said treaty and
will provide that further coming of Japanese
coolie laborers Into the United States be pro
hibited altogether.
WANTS AGREEMENT WITH lTS
Russia Proposes Understanding
Against Aggression of Japan.
ST. PETERSBURG, Dec. 12. The
Bourse Gazette, one of the most respon
sible journals in Russia, today contained
a leading article advocating a rapproche
ment between the United States and Rus
sia to safeguard the Interests of both
powers in the Far East, which, the paper
says, are now threatened by Japan. The
Bourse Gazette remarks:
Contemporary Europe has no ground on
which a combination of powers for the
maintenance of peace in the Far East is
possible, but Russia and the United States
are able to Join hands In this purpose. Tbey
have no old scores to settle. Their ancient
friendship is only temporarily impaired, ow
ing to the mistakes of the former regime.
A Russia-American rapprochement, which
is historically necessary, would check the
Asiatic storm, which is again moving
toward the Western- world.
This in no way implies war mlth Japan.
On the contrary, so soon as the undertak-
Senator Isidor Rsyner, of Maryland,
Who Attacks Koosevelfs Japanese
Follcy. .
ing takes definite form, it will guarantee
the stability of peace in the Far East.
The Bourse Gazette says it finds- that
the chief source of Japanese Chauvinism
Is now shown in the negotiations of the
Tokio government with the Governments
at Washington and St. Petersburg to be
the "utter bankruptcy of the moral pres
tige of the West in Japanese eyes, owing
to Japan's easy defeat of Russia and the
discovery that the solidarity of the West
ern peoples in the work of peaceful de
velopment is an empty sound." The arti
cle adds:
The war indicated to tho Japanese that
everything was permissible to them. If ma
terial force was on their side. The first step
in the moral rehabilitation of the West is
a Ruso-American rapprochement:
In this connection may be quoted a re
mark made to the Associated Press cor
respondent by a. Russian diplomat of the
highest rank, who said:
Russia places the highest value on the
friendship of tho United States and realizes
and acknowledges that serious mistakes
were made in the past, to which the im
pairment of the friendship of the last few
years Is due. Our task Is now to repair
these blunders.
The Novoe Vremya and Rech and Slovo
also devote leading articles in most ap
prehensive tone to the Japanese question.
JAPANESE ARE BARRED OUT
Greek Letter l-'raternities at Seattle
Draw Color lane.
S E ATTIRE, Wash., Dec. 12. (Special.)
Greek letter fraternities at the University
of Washington will not admit Japanese
students to membership, and discrimina
tion against the little brown college men
in thivt respect is growing steadily
throughout the United States. No Jap
anese has ever been admitted by any of
the secret societies at tho State Uni
versity here, and none ever will be, ac
cording to vigorous statements made by
prominent members of the fraternities.
Many of these societies have provisions
in their constitutions excluding any but
members of the white race, while the
others that have at times initiated Jap
anese have determined not to do so in
tho future.
Arthur Ragan Priest, dean of the col
lege of liberal arts, has just returned
from tho National convention of the Phi
Delta Theta and brought word that the
society is opposed to the Japanese. Other
Greek letter men at the State. University
then followed his lead.
PLAINTIFF IN TEST CASE FOUND
School Board and District Attorney
Will Agree on Facts Today.
SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 12. Kekichi
Aokl, 10 years of age, son of a bookstall
keeper, has been selected -by the United
States as the plaintiff in the case to be
begun in the State Supreme Court to
test the validity of the resolutidns of the
Board of Education providing for the
segregation of Japanese in the public
schools of San Francisco.
United States District Attorney Devlin
will have a conference tomorrow with
City Attorney William G. Burke and
President Aaron Altmann, of the Board
of Education, for the purpose of formally
agreeing to the statement of facts pre
pared by the latter as the basis for the
proceedings in court.
Mr. Devlin would not say yesterday
whether the Government would appeal to
a higher tribunal in the event of the State
Supreme Court rendering a decision ad
verse to the Japanese. It is generally
understood, however, that this will be
done.
SOLDIERS COME IN DISGUISE
Two Whole Regiments of Japanese
at Honolulu.
HONOLULU, Dec. 12. It Is stated
here and lias been reported to the
United States Government, at Washing
ton that two regiments of Japanese,
completely officered, are in Honolulu
disguised as laborers. Whether they
are armed is not known.
WASHINGTON, nee. 12. The Honolulu
report that it was stated there that Jap
anese troops, fully officered, were in that
city disguised as laborers and that the
fact had been reported to this Govern
ment met with an emphatic denial here
tonight. Acting Secretary of State Bacon
said he had heard nothing of such a re
port. Secretary Taft stated that no such
r V' -n i
(Concluded on Page 2.)
TRYING TO STEAL
LODGE'S THUNDER
Beveridge's Scheme on
Child Labor Bill.
SENATE WILL GIVE REBUFF
Lodge Furnished 'ideas, for
President's Message.
SHARP TRICK OF HOOSIER
Seeks Credit of Colleague's Work,
but Will Be Sat Upon Adopted
Same Method With Meat
Inspection Bill,
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Dec. 12. If the United States Sen
ate passes a bill to restrict child labor
In American factories, as recommended
by President Roosevelt in his message,
it will adopt mibsantially the bill. Intro
duced by Senator Lodge of Massachu
setts, not that introduced toy Senator
Beveridge of Indiana. Behind this state
ment lies an interesting tale that shows
up Mr. Beveridge as plagiarist, and the
fact that the whole Senate is aware of
the circumstances makes it absolutely
certain that the Beveridge bill will be
pigeon-holed.
Long before the President's message
was written, Mr. Lodge had several talks
with the President on the subject of
child labor. He had given a great deal
of study to the subject, and was partic
ularly competent to. speak, because his
own state has the most comprehensive
set of labor laws of any state in the
Union, and Mr. Lodge was thoroughly
conversant with those laws and with
conditions In the extensive factories of
Massachusetts. The President was Im
pressed by what Mr. Lodge said and
thereupon drafted that portion of his
message recommending child-labor legis
lation. Beveridge Steals Thunder.
Just before the President left for Pana
ma, Mr. Beveridge called at the White
House and the President read to him
parts of his message, including his re
ference to child labor, incidentally tell
ing him why he had Incorporated that
feature in his message. Mr. Beveridge
went back to Indiana, drew up a child
labor bill of his own and gave it to the
press with an Interview In which he told
of liis intention to press it during the
short session. The interview was circu
lated far and wide, and Mr. Beveridge
was proclaimed In the press as a worthy
young Senator who was fathering a
worthy cause. Yet he knew when he gave
the interview that he was stealing Mr.
Lodge's thunder.
When Congress assembled, Mr. Lodge
brought with him to Washington his
child labor bill and held it ready to in
troduce on the opening day. Mr. Beve
ridge learned this, so' he tucked his own
bill in his pocket and waited for his op
portunity. No bills were introduced on
the first or second day of the session, but
on the third morning Mr. Beveridge went
to the Vice-President and asked that he
be the second man recognized when bills
were presented, Mr. Wetmore having been
promised first show. The Vice-President,
who Is from Indiana, naturally gave his
consent, and after Mr. Wetmore had
taken his scat, Mr. Beveridge jumped up,
was recognized and presented his child
labor bill. Mr. Lodge was astonished;
the eagerness and the restlessness of the
young man from Indiana convinced him
that Mr. Beveridge had some particular
reason for getting in first. Mr. Lodge
said nothing, but in due time presented
his own bill and it was referred, along
with the Beveridge bill, to the committee
on education and labor. Neither Mr.
Beveridge nor Mr. Lodge is a member of
this committee, -and neither has any
advantage over the other, save that Mr.
Lodge is rejected by the entire Senate,
while Mr. Beveridge Is held .In contempt,
and doubly so since the Senate has
learned of the trick he played In regard
to this child-labor bill.
The sympathies of the Senate are de
cidedly with Mr. Lodge, and the trick
of Mr. Beveridge is certain to result in
the defeat of his bill, though it may
aid the Lodge bill on its passage.
'Same Trick With Meat Bill.
This is not the first time that Mr.
Beveridge has been caught in sharp legis
lative practice. In the last session he
introduced the famous meat inspection
amendment to the agricultural appropria
tion bill and told of the enormous amount
of study h'e had given the subject and
the care he had exercised in drafting
the amendment so that it would be effec
tive and cure the then existing evils in
Packingtown. Tet it is a notorious fact
that that amendment was drafted, at re
quest of the President, by George P.
McCabe, of Utah, solicitor for the Agri
cultural Department, and was later turned
over to Mr. Beveridge to Introduce. Mr.
Beveridge sought to acquire credit to
which he was not entitled.
It was the President who determined
that Federal meat inspection was needed,
and when Mr. Beveridge learned of that
fact he begged the President to allow
him to Introduce the amendment. He
said he wanted the credit for it, especially
as he had been somewhat discredited
through the defeat of the joint statehood
bill, which he had so vigorously cham
pioned. The President hag always been
friendly to Mr. Beveridge and gave him
the meat inspectipn amendment. Fair
ness would have demanded that Mr.
Beveridge give credit for the authorship
lo the man to whom it belonged, or at
least that he present it as a bill pre
pared at the request of the President.
But Instead of that he presented it as
the fruits of his own effort, when as a
matter of fact he had given not a mo
ment's study to the subject.
He Only Fools Himself.
Mr. Beveridge seems to think that the
Senate is being fooled by his trickery,
but he Is the only Senator that is fooled;
he is fooling himself. The Senate never
liked Mr. Beveridge, for he came in an
upstart, forced himself into the limelight
in defiance of all traditions of the Senate
and has been a perpetual nuisance ever
since. He is, without exception, the most
unpopular member of the Senate; un
popular among Republicans and Demo
crats alike, and the best way to kill any
legislation is to entrust It to him. Had
some other man managed the joint state
hood bill it is possible Arizona and New
Mexico might by now have been in the
f PC ' M
Henry Wblte, Appointed Ambaaaa-
dor to irance.
Union as a single state. The champion
ship of Mr. Beveridge did more than
anything else to defeat that Administra
tion measure.
The Senate will probably recognize the
wisdom of enacting a child labor law,
as urged by the President, but if It does
it will be the Lodge bill. ' Mr. Beveridge
will make a lot of noise; .he will do his
best to steal all the credit, but he won't
deserve it, and, so far as the Senate is
able to decide, he will not get It. A
man can't be a sneak ' and succeed in
the Senate. One Senator can never get
ahead by stabbing his colleagues in the
back. Mr. Beveridge has shown up in
hia true, .lights, and he .will pay the
penalty. "' - : " " , '
CLAIMS CHICAGO DOMAIN
Massachusetts Man Files Suit for
$2,500,000 Worth of Land.
CHICAGO, Dec. 12. In the Federal
Circuit Court today Sidney Smith, of
Cambridge, Mass., filed 14 suits for
writs of ejectment on land here worth
$2,500,000. The City of Chicago and
four other defendants are named in
the suits. The land named is almost
the entire territory south of Thirty
fifth street to Thirty-ninth street, be
tween Grand Boulevard and Lake
Michigan. Smith claims to have pur
chased the claims of the heirs of the
original grantee, whose title has not
been extinguished.
CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER
Th Weather.
TESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature
49
degrees; minimum, d.
TO DAY' S Proba b 1 y occa-M on al 1 1 g-ht rain ;
south to weat winds.
Japanese Question.
Street fight between whites and Japanese In
San Francisco. Fage 1.
Gearin proposes treaty to exclude Japanese
laborers. Page l.
Baynf speaks in Senate against Pres'dent'a
Japanese policy. Pago 1.
Rumor Japanese soldiers land In Hawaii In
disguise. Page 1.
'o reign.
France pushes war tvr church pvpRrntlon and
pope protest against Montagnlni's expul
sion. Fage 1.
British Commons reject Ijords amendments to
education b'll. Page 8.
National. ,
Houe rejects simplified spelling. Page 4.
Senate confirms Moody and Cabinet ap
pointees. Page 4. '
Beveridge steals Iodge's thunder on child la
bor bill. Page 1.
House land committee to give hearings on coal
land bill. Page 4.
Politics.
Secretary Root speaks on extinction of state
rule by National Government. Page 1.
Civic Federation hears Belmont on wealth
and detaLe on injunct'ons. Page 3.
Domestic.
Mrs. Hartje wins divorce suit, but Hartje
will appeal. Page 5.
Argument on Standard Oil's claim to Immun
ity. Page 2.
Ex-Senator Brown dies without telling atory
of shooting. Page 3.
Peary offers to seek North Pole again. Page 4.
Jerome makes big raid on New York- gam
blers. Page 2.
Paciflo Coust.
Washington " Railroad Commission gives acci
dent statistics. Page 6.
Monmouth College asks for $115,000 appropria
tion. Page ti.
Oregon State Library Commission, flies bien
nial report. Page 6.
Slow progress made in Thompson murder trial
at Tacoma. Page G.
Electric line from Portland to Forest Grove
may be built. Page 6.
Indian kills two of tribe near Pocatello, Idaho.
Page 5.
Third District Oregon Development League
Indorses open river. Page 5.
Portland and Vicinity.
C. E. Loss declares United Railways Com
pany will carry out its Portland pro
jects. Page 11.
Water Board changes meter rates. Page 10.
Murray murder trial may end today. Page
10.
Local freight blockade situation improved,
but still serious. Page 10.
Portland-Alaska steamship project to be In
corporated today. Page 14.
Commercial and Marine.
Short pack of sardines means much higher
prices. Page 15.
Chicago wheat market weakened by sell
ing. Page 15.
Advance in New York stock market checked.
Page 15.
Drive against Coeur d'Alene mining- stocks.
Page 15. '
Derelict Melanhope picked up by steamer
Northland oft Oregon Coast. Tage 14.
Bark Agate waterlogged towed into Astoria.
Page 14.
HOT DAUNTED BY
THREATS OF
France Stands Firm
Against Church.
ALL PROPERTY CONFISCATED
Priests Who Celebrate Mass
Today to Be Fined.
BISHOPS ARE MOVING OUT
Only One Disturbance Marks Day.
Documents Showing Conspiracy
Found Among Montag
nlni's Fapers.
PARIS. Dec. 12. (Special.) Dire
threats from the Vaticap of war on
Prance are regarded lightly by tho gov
ernment, which Is going rigidly ahead
with the application of the church sep
aration law. Premier Clemenceau's grim
rejoinder that "the Vatican would get all
the war It wanted," outlines very clearly
and unmistakably the attitude of the
government, which knows where Its
stands and will submit neither to bluffing
nor cajolery.
Among the great mass of papers seized
yesterday at the nunciature are docu
ments that would prove highly embar
rassing to the Vatican if matters were
pushed. Today there Is much less talk
of war or resistance on the part of the
militant Roman Catholics.
Government Will Sell Churches.
The government is taking steps to dis
pose of the public edifices connected with
the services of the Roman Catholic
Church, as well as the episcopal palaces,
rectories and seminaries. By concession
of the government the churches were to be
placed in trust until December 11, 1907,
in order to give the clergy another year
in which to comply with the laws, but
owing to the papal instructions forbidding
the priesthood to observe the law, the
churches will be disposed of immediately.
It Is generally believed that priests
who refuse to obey the law will be de
prived of their French citizenship, be
ing considered to be In. the service of a
foreign ruler that Is to say, the Pope.
Hard on Country Clergy.
The suppression of pensions of the
clergy, which the government has decid
ed upon, will be felt severely by the poor
country clergy. Many of them had a
total yearly income of between $350 and
By the law of 1305 a pension of JflO
a year was to be allowed the country
priests, but now even that pittance Is to
bo swept away, and they are. Into the
bargain, to be turned out of the modest
village presbytery which they occupied
rent free. The problem of what is to
become of them is a serious one.
Under the new French law, which is
the cause of the war between the state
and the Vatican, church property valued
at 300,000,000 has been confiscated. For
any other but religious uses, however, It
has much less value. Recently an aban
doned church which cost $20,000 was sold
for $250, or the value of the material
after the cost of demolition.
Stale Supreme Since Napoleon.
During the revolution of 1789 every
scrap of church property was taken by
the state and the entire priesthood driven
out of the country. In 1801 Napoleon
made a new concordat, by which he did
not restore title to the property, but
gave an allowance of $8,000,000 a year to
the church and permitted it to use
churches, rectories and other buildings.
The republican motto, "Liberty, equality
and fraternity," which the revolutionists
put over the churches in token of owner
ship, was never taken down and today
still asserts the supremacy of the state.
CIICKCH DRIVEN FROM HOME
Talk of Religious War Dying, Al
though Some Priests Threaten.
PARIS, Dec. 12. The clergy of Paris
issued a special appeal tonight to their
parishoners to be present at the
churches at the first mass celebrated
outside the pale of the law. The gov
ernment, however, purposes to proceed
gently. These services will not be
broken up, but policemen will be in
attendance to note any infractions of
the law and cite officiating priests or
the assistants before the nearest jus
tice of the peace.
The chief danger of disorders In Paris
Is believed to lie in the possible in
vasion Of the churches by rowdies and
free thinkers. Reserves of gendarmes
will be stationed tomorrow at various
points throughout the city to guard
against trouble of this sort.
Extremists in Small Minority.
The efforts made by certain members
of the Chamber of Deputies and other
disinterested persons to secure a con
tinuation of services in churches in
spite of the papal veto, by Inducing
Catholic laymen in each parish to make'
the forbidden declaration, have not thus
far met with much success. Up to a
late hour tonight the church of St.
John the Evangelist was the only
church where legal application had
been made.
The Indications are against anything
which might be dignified by the name
of religious war, and the prompt ex
pulsion from France yesterday of Mgr.
Montagninl, secretary of the papal nun
1
ciature here since the recall of the
nuncio, coupled with the threats to ex
pel recalcitrant clergyman from France
has a sobering influence. The militant
Catholics are in a hopeless minority,
and the masses are either Indifferent
or, except in a few isolated Instances,
inclined to side with the' government.
Seven curates at Ternes, department
of Cantal, have sent a letter to the
local commissary of police declaring
they will resist with their lives any
profanation of the church by free
thinkers, using to. this end every arm
permissable for legitimate defense.
." Riot as Bishop Moves Out.
There was a riotous demonstration
at Xancy today while the bishop was
moving out of his residence.- A crowd
of 2000 accompanied the officials to
the residence, hooting them constantly.
The bishop will be prosecuted on the
charge of assaulting a policeman, be
cause he laid his hand upon the police
man's shoulder while he was leaving
his residence.
Five thousand persons gathered to-
1 1 J
! Lloyd C. GrtM'om, Appointed Ambas
sador to Italy.
day In the cathedral in Rennes to listen
to Arch bishop Duborg's exhortation
to obedience to the Pope. There was
an enthusiastic demonstration when
the archbishop left the cathedral.
So far as the church property is
concerned the episcopal mansions, the
rectories, the seminaries, etc. the pre
lates of all ranks are prepared to
accept the notices served upon them to
move out tomorrow, after protesting
and refusing- to sign documents of dis
possession. It Is reported tonight that dozens of
cultural or diocesan societies are in the
course of formatiotuat the. last moment
in various departments.
AVILIj PUOTEST TO POWERS
Vatican Preparing Xote Organ De
nounces French Action.
ROME, Dec. 12. Cardinal Merry del
Val, the Papal Secretary of State, is
preparing a rigorously worded protest
against the action of the French gov
ernment in searching the archives of
the nunciature at Paris. This protest
will be handed to the members of the
diplomatic body accredited to the Vat
ican. The Secretary of State set forth,
among other things, that the incident
in question is the first instance in his
tory of such a violation of the rights of
man.
The Osservatore Romano has pub
lished an article which wan composed
at the Vatican. This article says:
Violent and odious measures taken by the
French povernment against MonBlsnor Mon
tagninl, who was merely the guardian of the
archives of the nunciature at Paris, consti
tute a cause of exceptional Rravlty. It was
impossible to foresee or conceive of such a
measure. It will have its' echo in the con
demnation and protest of Impartial people,
not only in France, but in every other coun
try. It reprpnts the last and most brutal
step In a situation prepared by the gover
ment of the French republic.
Says France Wanted War.
"When it waa Intended to leave the churches
in France to the clerjry the French govern
ment Imposed conditions which could not be
accepted without an Indecorous surrender or
the rlghta of the church. The French gov
ernment wanted war. The fin shot fired, aa
Premier Clemenceau calls it, shows that in
justice, and absurdity are competing: together
shamefully. The forcible entrance of the res
idence of Monelgneur Montagninl, besides be
ing: unjustified. Is aburd, and It la also an
surd that the stronghold of the church should
not have a guardian for the archives relating:
to 30,000,0K Frenchmen. '
It Is true the pope appointed bishops
without consulting the French government,
accord In this matter being impossible, but
the pontiff did not violate the concordat
or renounce it. In any event, even admit
ting that the regulations of the concordat
had ceased to be operative, the situation did
not authorize the violating of the Vatican
archives, which contained documents of In
terest to other states beside France.
Pope's Rights Violated.
The French government has refused to
see In the pope a common father and con
siders him only as a foroir
maintain this foreign sovereign has the
right that his house Khou.u nJt ho .la.u
and his acchives and papers be not touched
or searched by any one. When such an
affront has been perpetrated, he has the
right, without awaiting the Judgment of
history, to denounce it before the tribunal
of the civilized world as a gratuitous offense,
an offense, however, which will bring more
shame and harm to those who commit it
than to those upon whom it is inflicted.
The French government is grossly mistaken
if it thinks with such procedure to Intim
idate the French clergy or to break down
the dutiful and legitimate resistance of the
church. This rude offense to the supreme
authority of the pontiff is but a new argu
ment for him to continue bravely in the
same path.
There is a broad and far-reaching
movement oh foot to express sympathy
and loyalty to the Pope under the present
circumstances, and expressions of such
sentiments are being received from
churchmen all over the world, from
cardinals down to the humblest priests.
Demonstrations in Home.
In Rome the manifestations of sym
pathy are not unanimous, for today the
anti-clerical clubs raised flags aloft, to
night their buildings were illuminated
and they have issued manifestos to cele
brate what they term the "triumph of
civil liberty." Some anti-clerieals even
attempted to placard the colonnades of St.
(Concluded on Page 3.)
T GROWTH OF
L
Root Speaks on Future
Place of States.
RESULT OF NEW CONDITIONS
State Lines Obliterated by
'Nation's Needs. .
STATES MUST RISE TO DUTY
Secretary Says People Are Deter
mined to Have Necessary Power
Exercised If States Fail, They
Will Give It to Nation.
POWER
NEW YORK. Dec. 12.Secretary of Statd
Root was the guest of honor at the Sth.
annual dinner of the Pennsylvania So
ciety of New York, held tonight at tho
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. More than 500
members of the society were present
Mr. Root responded to the toast, "Tho
United States," and said:
What Is to be the future ot the states of
the Union under our dual system of consti
tutional government? The conditions under
which the clauses ot the constitution distri
buting powers to the National and state gov
ernment are now and henceforth to be ap
plied are widely different from the conditions
which were or could have been within tho
contemplation of the framers of the constitu
tion and widely different from tliose which,
obtained during the early years of the Re
public. Few of the men of 1787 would havs
deemed it possible that the Union they were
forming could be maintained anionic 85,O0t,0no
people spread over the vaet expanw from
the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the lakes
to the Gulf.
Causes of Silent Revolution.
Three principal causes have made this v
slble. The first has been the growth of Na
tional sentiment which was at first almost
imperceptible, but which was kept constantly
before the minds of the people by the early
struggle of the Nation and which was sanc
tioned and made enduring by the sacrifices
of the Civil War; the second great influence
has been the working of free trade among
the states. To this we owe an Internal trade
which already exceeds the entire foreign trade
of the rest of the world, and to it we owe in.
a high degree the constant drawing together
of all parts of our country In the bonds of
common Interest. The third great cause is
the marvelous development of facilities for
travel and communication, which have broken
down the barriers between the separate com
munities and led to a reorganization of busi
ness and social life along lines which for the
most part altogether Ignore -the boundaries
of the states.
Control Passing to Nation.
Such changes in the life of the people
cannot fall to produce corresponding politi
cal changes. Some of these changes can be
plainly seen now in progress. It is plain tn
be seen that the people of the country are
coming to the concluMion that in certain Im
portant respects the local laws of the sepa
rate states, which were adequate for the due
and just regulation and control of the busi
ness which was transacted and the activity
which began and ended within the limits of
the several states, are inadequate for th
due and Just control of the huwineas and
activities which extend through all the
states, and more power of regulation and
control Is gradually passing into the hands
of the National Government. Sometimes by
an assertion of the interstate commerce
power, sometimes by the assertion of the
taxing power, the National Government Is
taking up the performance of duties which
under the changed condition the separate
states are no ion per capable of adequately
performing. Tho Federal antl-truwt law, the
an ti-rebate law, toe railroad rate law, the
meat-inspection law, the oleomargarine law,
the pure-food law are exampjs of the pur
pose of tho people of the 'United States to
do through the agency of the National Gov
ernment the thing which separate state
governments formerly did adequately but
no longer do adequately.
Process Will Continue.
The end is not yet. The process that in
terweaves the life and action of the people
in every section of our country with the
people in 'every other section continues and
will continue with increasing force and ef
fect; we are urging forward In a develop
ment of business and social life which tend
more and more to the obliteration of state
lines and the decrease of state power aa
compared with National power; the rela
tions of the business over wnlch the Federal
Government is assuming control, of lntr
Htate transportation with Hlate transporta
tion, of interstate commerce with state
commerce, are so Intimate, the separation
of the two is so Impracticable that the ten
dency is plainly toward the practical control
of the National Government over both.
New projects of National control are
mooted. Control of insurance, uniform di
vorce laws, child labor laws and many
others affecting matters formerly entirely
within the cognizance of the state are
proposed.
States Must Awaken to Duty.
I submit to your judgment and I desire tef
impress upon you the earnestness I feel that
there is but one way in whtch the states
of the Union can maintain their power and
authority under the conditions which are now
before us. and that way is by an awakening
on the part of the states to the real question,
of their own duties to the country at large.
Under conditions which now exist no state
can live unto Itself alone and regulate its
affairs with ole reference to its own treas
ury, lt own convenience, its own special in
terest. Kvery state Is bound to frame its
own legislation and its own administration
with reference not only to its own special
affairs, but with reference to the effect upor
all its sister states. Every individual is bound
to regulate his conduct with some reference
to its effect upon his neighbors, and the more
populous the community and the closer the
Individuals are brought together, the greater
becomes the necessity which constrains and
limits Individual conduct.
People Want Effective Laws.
It is useless for the advocates of state
rights to inveigh against the supremacy of
the constitutional laws of the United State
or against the extension of national authority
in the fields of control where the states them
selves fail In the performance of their duty.
The instinct for self-government among the
people of the United States Is too strong to
permit them long to respect any one's rlnht
to exercise a power which he falls to exercise
The government by National control which)
they .deem Just and necessary they will have.
It may be that such control could be better
(Concluded on Page 8.)