V
THE MORXING ORBGOXIAX, rEEtfARY 26, 1906.
latere it the Poste-ffiee at Portland, Or.,
as 'Seoead-Class Matter.
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PORTLAND, MONDAY. FEBRUARY 26.
XJIETR LITTLE PROGRAMME.
In Iane and Umatilla Counties the
Democrats h-ave held conventions and
nominated candidates. This, doubtless,
will be- the Democratic policy in all
parts of the state. These assembly
conventions are. or will be, "run" by
the wheel-horses, the old stagers of
the parts, who will select the tickets
to cult thempelves. Form of ratifying
them through the primary law will be
followed; but in fact it is the same old
method of clique or ring rule in party
affairs that has provoked so much
objurgation, and which we have been
fondly told had forever passed away.
At the same time these Democratic
conventions, having already done the
whole business, so Car as the Demo
cratic party is concerned with nomina
tions, commend warmly the primary
law, declare with simulated enthusiasm
for "Statement No. 1." and exclaim
"that this is the way to, put down boss
3sm1n the Republican; party. There is
no danger from Demopnatic bbsslsm.
The ruse is intended, to bring the
Democratic party into power through
a juggle with, the primary law. "while
pretending to uphold it. The old Dem
ocratic politicians and bosses, in all
the counties, will direct and control
the action of this party by making
the nomlnatlone in advance of the pri
mary election. Their primary will sim
ply be a .form and farce. But they
are mighty anxious that the Republi
can party shall be bound to a literal
interpretation of "Statement Xo. 1,"
and will vehemently denounce as re
vival of boss rule the holding of Re
publican conventions, assemblies or
caucuses, to put candidates forward
for the primaries.
The 'darling object of their desire is
' the United States Senator. They be
lieve they have some prospect of elect
ing the Governor again, through Re
publican' divisions or indifference. Now,
if they can get a majority in the .Legis
lature, through a. juggle with the pri
mary law even though the Republi
cans might have a plurality on the
popular vote they could and would go
on and elect their Senator, most joy
fully; or If they could entangle the
Republicans into promises or pledges
under "Statement No. 1 and their
own candidate for Senator; through any
lucky chance in .affairs, for them, as
division orjndiffer?nc'e among Repub
llcans.jBhould. obtain: a plurality of the
popular' Srote; "they would' shout lustily
that HheVRepublican majority',, in the
Legislature :-wa6' bound to elect: their
man. , ' '
This Will be the Democratic cam
paign. It will be as fair, doubtless, as
"the generality of political schemes in
general"; only it is to be questioned
whether they will find the Republicans
of the -state so dull or indifferent as
to permit them to carry, it out.
THE PART OF PRUDENCE.
Prosperity unexampled Jn the sense
that. It represents- or pertains to a
growth In business enterprise and a
development in natural resources that
ere the outcome of the processes of
the j'ear is now abroad in the land.
Depression has followed a correspond
ing condition of affairs before this;
there is no guarantee that it will not
follow the present conditions. This be
ing true, the bitter lesson of "hard
times," as It was learned by wage
earners through slow and painful tu
toring should, by this class especially.
be applied to the opportunities and'
the fullness of today. Abundant earn
ings give encouragement to abounding
expenditures; extravagance follows,
and the rainy-day fund is depleted.
possibly destroyed thereby. This is an
old tale, told over and over again since
the days of wise Ben Franklin. That
many have profited by its rehearsal
there la no doubt; but that many more
have disregarded it to their distress in
years of industrial depression has been
proven as often as these periods have
followed perjods of prosperity.- It is
useless to preach upon this topic; the
prudent do not need the warning, the
careless will not heed it. But to those
who, of their own volition, take warn
ing of experience; who Jay hold upon
present opportunities and see "to It that
the earnings of prosperous years are
not balanced and perhaps overbalanced
by expenditures, the cry of "hard
times" will lose Its terror.
The cost pf living Increases, with the
-advance in' wages. It requires con
stant 'oversight of -expenditures ior'the
wage-earner to come through, a period,
of prosperity -with balance In the
shape of & borne and perhaps some
surplus In money to his credit; hut he
who is thus .equipped can look .the fu
ture In the face without apprehension,
assured that he has made Intelligent,
thoughtful provision .against the worst
that can come to him and his. This Is
the lesson of Industrial depression as
applied to Industrial activity, a.nd a
careful conning of it at present la the
part of prudence
THE "BOLT IN SEATTLE.
The Seattle Post-Intelligencer vigor
ously denies that it has "bolted" the
nomination of John Riplinger for May
or; and it ought to know. After the
npmlnation of Mr. Riplinger, the Seat
tle Republican paper, which had not
theretofore viewed the prospective
6uccess of the young "organization"
politician with any great degree of hap
piness, stated distinctly that It pre
ferred the Republican nominee and
what he stood for to the Democratic
nominee and the "isms" he stood for.
The Democrat Is running on a munici
pal ownership platform, and, if he shall
be elected, the street railways expect
trouble. The Republican is for event
ual municipal ownership a declaration
that seems to have excited no notice
able measure of perturbation among
the corporations and other Tested In
terests, probably for the reason that
"eventually" may be a long, long time.
It may be recalled that the same issue
divided the parties in Chicago at the
last municipal election, and the Demo
crats won. They haven't municipal
ownership yet, nor anything approach
ing it, in Chicago; but that is another
tory.
Indignant at persistent statements
that it has "bolted," the Post-Intelligencer
of Saturday last again made
known its attitude toward Candidate
Riplinger. saying among other things:
It Is -unnecewsary to add that the Post
Intelllgeneer hopee that Mr. Riplinger will be
elected Mayor of Srattlc. Mr. Riplinger himself
knows that when he can direst himself of the
political. Idiots who are running him to de
struction; tnat when he comes out ecuarely
and says boldly and Indisputably not only
what he will do, but what he won't do, he
will bo apt to receive much Atronger and more
forcible support from the press and public
than he If receiving today. That support will
not be guided by any aanlstant Democrats,
but by real Republicans. There la not room
In the Republican party lor Clancys, their
coparceners. Jobbers and grafters, and for
men who are In the. party for conscience.
That would seem to be clear enough.
The Post-Intelligencer wants to see
Mr! Riplinger elected, but the idiots
who are running his campaign defeat
ed. It wants him elected by real Re
publicans, not by assistant Democrats.
That ought to be a perfectly easy prob
lem for the Seattle voter td' solve in
March.
CO-OPCKATION ON THE FARM.
A common saying today is that co
operation is in the air. Almost equally
common is the broad statement that
"it stops short of the farm, for farmers
cannot and will not combine." The
latter is to some extent true,, as other
wise granges would be numbered by
thousands, instead of tens, in each
state, and the co-operative provisions
and powers would be more generally
tested and developed.
But in both France, and pre-eminently
in Denmark, the farmers, as well as
-dairymen, chicken-raisers and others
obtaining their living from he soil,
have- devised means- foj- securing com
mon and friendly action, and mutual
advantage. In Denmark this Is espe
cially true, and co-operation on the
farm is deeply rooted.
Farming in Denmark is carried to the
conditions of a science. Not qniy is
even' foot of land doing its work, but
the arrangements for production and
for sale are systematized. A co-operative'
society at Esbjerg- of 230 farmers is
typical. These people milk 1500 cows.
The milk is taken to their creamery,
and there each man Is credited for
quantity and quality. Nearly all is con
verted into butter for the English mar
ket, special arrangements being made
for rapid transportation and delivers-.
The egg and poultry department is
equally exact in its. dealings, the eggs
being taken by weight and graded into
three sizes. Large vats are provided
in which the eggs are kept in lime and
water and sold out as market prices
demand. In one town egg-society, -450
members contribute from "their farms,
the collecting, grading and testing
costing about 2 cents per dozen. It is
stated that the investment of the farm
ers in this society is about-$65,O0O in
buildings, and the returns from the
dairy and poultry division) about two
and a half million dollars.4 The board
of cohtrot-is -chosen -by. arid from the
farmers, and serves without special
ipay, but the managers arc well paid.
Ten years' experience Is behind them,
and the credit of these societies stands
high. "
In France trades unions, and societies
for co-operation of this order, have
been legalised since 18S4." In the case
of the farm associations, they are un
der the supervision of the Department
of Agriculture. Their main object is to
obtain special advantages in buying
improved implements and firm ma
chinery, and securing higher grades of
stock .for breeding purposes. -They are
advancing also aloug the line of asso
ciated selling, and the Increase- In
strength end number of associations Is
rapid.
In Oregon our farmers have. In gen
eral, progressed as far as "pooling"
wheat, jvool and mohair. Efforts have
been made repeatedly In the hop indus
try to secure such association as should
relieve individual growers from the
either real or apparent necessity of sale
of their product at prices far below
those prevailing in world markets. In
Hood River the organization of fruit
growers has effected' great things In
raising the standard of their orchard
and. strawberry products, and in eec tir
ing a high average of sale values. It
-is satisfactory to see the; same spirit
spreading, both In Southern Oregon and
In several counties of the "Willamette
Valley.
With many successful examples in.
-sight it J safe to predict combined
work in other directions on the farm.
The societies formed by irrigation set
tlers and farmers In Eastern-SOxcgon
for mutual .protection In -water-rights
and administration, have already
proved effective. And, qyt of these as
sociations for practical and business
benefit have sprung societies for" social
and flamily enjoyment. It may be
taken, then, hat the, trend; of life on
the farm is in these directions. So.
with the benefits coming: from better
roads,. local mail deliveries, farm tele
phones, -electric road-s and, before long,
the parcel post not forgetting the cir
culating libraries, the farmer's life will
Isbare many, in fact nearly all, of the
attractions of the city, yet holding
those delights which. Irom-Ufe time of'
Horace, bare drawn the thoughtful
mas from the crowdei life to the coun
tryman's peace and Independence.
RECORD-BREAKING FOREIGN TRADE.
Complete details of the foreign trade
of the United States for the month of
January arts now at hand, and they
show that the country is still booming
along on a high tide of prosperity. According-
to the statistics of. the Depart
ment of Commerce and Labor, the
opening month of the year broke all
previous records for the month, with
exports of fl70.S34.1S2, and imports of
5106.561.450, a gain In exports of nearly
550,000,000 over January. 1505, and In im
ports of more than I5.WO.000 over the
same month last year. These totals
were -slightly smaller than those for the
closing month of 1$05, but this Is a nat-
ural feature, due to the heavy decrease
In exports of cereals, which reach the
greatest volume just before the turn of
the year, in November and December.
In our exports, breadstuff j cotton, pro
visions and mineral oils made up the
greater part ofthe enormous sums due
from the foreigners, these commodities
alone reaching a total of J05.1S4.13S,
compared with 565,554,617 In January,
1905.
Much of this heavy increase over
January, 1M5, is. due to the enormous
amount of grain. and provisions shipped
into Germany In anticipation of the
new tariff which Is to go Into effect
March 1, there being an increase in lard
shipments alone of more than 53,000,000
for the month. An Interesting feature
of these official figures is the reduction
in proportion of exports as compared
with Imports. It used to be a popular
belief that, in order to enjoy the great
est prosperity. It was necessary to sell
as much as possible to the foreigners
and buy. just as little as possible from
them. This system of political economy
resulted in a -large balance of trade In
our favor, or at least the general sup
position was that It was In our
favor. This theory has been fall
ing into disrepute of late, and our
measure" of prosperity is now reckoned
as much from our ability to purchase
as from the ability to sell. If the man
ufacturers and tradesmen and farmers
of this country are prosperous, they will
buy as well as sell, and If the foreigner
has goods of which ve are in need It is
to our advantage to exchange with
him.
At no time In the past has the United
States enjoyed greater prosperity than
is now in evidence, but this prosperity
Is not due to heavy excess of exports
over Imports. Indisputable evidence of
this fact Is found in statistics covering
the first seven months of the fiscal year.
For that period, ending February 1,
1906, the foreign trade amounted to
51.752,421.350 and the excess of exports
over Imports was 5360.S22.15S. For the
same period ending February 1, 1901,
our foreign trade amounted to 51,361,
276.111 and excess of exports over Im
ports was 5443.19929, and yet money
was less plentiful and general prosper
ity much less pronounced than at the
present time. It is highly probable that
this country will not reach Its highest
stage of commercial and industrial de
velopment until we find a home market
for nearly all of our agricultural prod
ucts. Our fanners arc today growing
wheat and cprn In competition with
the peons of South America, the pauper
labor of India and the slaves of the
Russian nobles.
W6 have not developed our manufac
turing industries sufficiently to make a.
home market for this grain except in
unusual years like the poor-crop year of
1904. Our domestic requirements took
up nearly all wheat produced that year
at higher prices than could possibly be
secured in Europe, which continued to
get supplies from the sources men
tioned Cotton is also one of the big
factors in swelling our statistics of ex
ports, but with this commodity we get
much the worst of the bargain, for, in
stead of manufacturing it at home, we
ship out largo quantities of the raw
material and import large quantities of
manufactured cotton goods. It would
be much better In thte case if we could
cut down both -exports and Imports by
manufacturing- more at home and ex
porting only the surplus that was not
required In this country. If the remain
ing five months make as xood a show
ing as those which have preceded them,
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, will
show even greater gams than were
scored during the calendar year 1903.
THE MOVING HABIT.
Truly, we live In a "moving age."
This Is not more true of the annual
Hitting about in cities on the first of
May than in the pell-mell rushing from
place to place under the tourist motto
suggested by a witty Irish-American:
"Anywhere but here." Ruskin, an im
practical mm in many things, said
many years ago:
The railroad Is In all Its relations a mat
ter of aracxt business, to be sot throush
as soon as poeslble: it transmits- a man from
a traveler Into a living parcel. For the time
he has parted with the nobler character
istics of his humanity for the robe cf a
planetary power of locomotion. Carry him
safely, dismiss him soon, be will thank you
for nothlnc else.
But this was long ago. and the people
of the present day scout the Ruskin
standard In regard to railroad travel
ing by vastly preferring It to remain
ing at home. The well-to-do, as tho
Saturday Evening Post says, seem to
build homes In order to live somewhere
else. Friends in passage greet one an
other as they flit to California or Cuba
or-Alaska or Japan.
Thfs is true. And when It is added
that we, are a country of vast hotels,
homes for the day or week, resting
places in endless voyages, the tale of
the daily life or the home life of our
well-to-do people Is tpld. Our country,
has become literally a "moving ant
heap," Its Inhabitants running hither
and thither, hurriedly passing each
other on the way without stopping to
exchange the common courtesies of life.
If this state of affairs continues and
increases, as it seems likely that it
will, since each year means of travel
are made more luxurious and Inviting,
and each year the movlnp habit be
comes mora fixed. It is easy to see that-
we will become a people, geographically
experienced, but with love of home and'
its environment weakened Jf not oblit
erated. Business and professional men must
work s'tcadlly for twelve months In the
year in order to make money out of
their occupations. Why, then, should
a farmer expect to reap good profits
If he so plans his work that he has
little more than his "chores" to do dur
ing several months of the year? Tet
that Is the pHn some farmers pursue.
Instead of diversifying so that they
will . have something tq occupy their
attention all the time and bring In
revenue at all seasons of the year, they
'.ceatcr their efforts upon be or Xw
crop and waste time sot only In the
Winter t tbrwgh a prt of the
Summer. There are many exceptions
to thte, of coarse, but a very large
number of farmers have no Income ex
cept at the Fall harvest season. On
nearly every farm, secondary crops
could be produced, or "side 'issues"
undertaken, such as poultry raising,
whereby the farmer would have occu
pation and Income at all seasons.
Poultry raising Is an occupation that
requires particular attention in the
Winter, when eggs are high-priced. To
make hens lay at that season of the
year requires intelligent feeding and
care, but with good management the
eggs can be produced and sold at big
profits.
The .burning of an electric power
slant at San Francisco a few days ago
deprived the telegraph companies of
their electricity and. so it is reported.
It became necessary for newspapers to
receive their dispatches by circuitous
routes. In these days of thorough or
ganization of public-service concerns,
and the zcalousness of newspapers In
gathering the news of the world, it
takes an accident of much more than
local effect to shut off communication
for a considerable length of time. As
an illustration, reference may be made
to an instance in this state two or
three years agp. A heavy Winter storm
blew down all wires in the Willamette
Valley and both telegraph and tele
phone communication between Port
land and Salem seemed to be entirely
cut off. A dispatch o The Orcgonlan
was filed in Salem and in reaching
Portland it went to Ashland, San Fran
cisco. SaHr-"bakej Chicago, Winnipeg,
Vancouver, B. C., atod-flnally down to
Portland, taking about two hours for
the circuit and at an expense no
greater than would have been charged
for direct 'communication.
It is argued by the Eugene Register
that the actual choice of the people for
Senator may not, and probably will
hot, be ascertained by demanding
compliance with "Statement No. 1."
because the plurality candidate named
through the primary since there will
be many candidates may not be ac
ceptable tp a majority of the voters.
That is, a man may get a plurality In
the primary, the least worthy man. In
the esteem of a majority of his party
and of the people. He may therefore
fail in the general election, yet his
party may be the stronger one in the
state, and may elect a majority of (he
members of the Legislature. Is this
majority, then, to turn about and elect
a man of the opposite party to the
Senate? It never will. And this Is as
sure, and the argument Is as good, for
one party as for another.
The typhoid fever now prevalent In
Eugene has been generally of a slow
rrather than a malignant type. Though
there have been a very large number
of cases, but five deaths have resulted.
The latest victim was Charles S. Hen
derson, who was convalescent but im
prudently overate and died in a few
hours thereafter. This feature of ty
phoid, described as "an Insane hunger"
that possesses convalescents, is most
distressing and one of the most difficult
to control. A large percentage of
deaths that follow the disease come
from this seemingly uncontrollable hun
ger that succeeds the long period of
liquid nourishment and semi-starvation
necessJry to overcome the disease. It
is only by compulsion that patients are
tided over this period to safety.
A statement published today shows
how a scheme was worked through
the Oregon Legislature last session, by
Mr. Mills. Speaker of the House, and
president of the First National Bank,
of Portland, and carried through on
referendum by the voters of Portland,
who could not be made to understand
it In the short time allowed them by
which the banks of the first families,
holding certain bonds, the only avail
able securities allowed by law, can get
the deposits of city money for their
own use. while they at the same time
draw interest on the bonds. It is one
of the "hog games' for which this high,
holy, and virtuous combine Is so justly
celebrated.
Progress of Industry In our Southern
States Is well Illustrated by a writer
In Moody's Magazine. He shows that
In 1S95 about 3000 locomotives sufficed
to maintain the train service on the
four principal railway lines traversing
the Southern States cast of the Missis
sippi, River. The freight traffic was of
such proportion that less than 95,000
cars of this class were then necessary
to equip these lines. In the last ten
years, however, the records show that
the expansion of these transportation
systems has been so rapid that 5000
locomotives are now In service and the
freight equipment has been Increased
to 2W,ee cars.
If -Harry Orchard Is not rullty as
charged of the murder of ex-Governor
Steunenbcrg, he Is the most noted ex
ample since that furnished by the mis
fortunes of "poor dog Tray" of the evils
of having been found In bad company.
For of all jbe reckless, desperate, de
termined criminals that have gone un
hanged, those of the "inner circle" of
mining desperadoes operating in Colo
rade and Idaho are the worst.
One candidate for the Legislature an
nounces that he would "pension the
bosses nd require them to keep their
hands in front of them." Painful hu
miliating and physically and morally
Impossible. Why can't candidates be
reasonable?
Now we know what Collier's Weekly
means when it says, "the siege of the
Senate is begun." It means that the
President, backed by the House of Rep
resentatives, Is bombarding the citadel
of the Senate on the rate bill.
Members of the Legislature will
readily tjike a pledge to vote for the,
candidates named by their respective
parties.; for United States Senator, but
not foj- the candidates of the other
party. -
Note, that the dispatches say, "the.
President's daughter and her hus
band."' Mr. Longworth needs nothing
but art excess baggage check on his
watch-chain.
How-many of the candidates for the
Legislature already have their eyes
on the chairmanship of the committee
on railroads?
The seed planted by the James boys
In Missouri's toll germinates and bears
harvests perennial.
Paue to consider that. Millionaire
Stetson had seen the grandchildren of
other plutocrats. ' " '. "
TH0UGHTS0N THINGS.
Did you ever know a man who loved
to tell his own joke, aad was popular?
Who spoke?
If you had your wish, which -would you
have friends, doughnuts, or dollars?
A woman's opinion about a member of
her sex when that person is IS: "You
are as thin as a rail."
At 45: "Tou arc stout enough to re
quire two chairs when you "visit a the
ater." A girl up the Willamette Valley -srho
was engaged two days ayo to be married
wants a press agent.
. "
"Who's there?" shouted the occupant of
a hotel bedroom, as he heard a noise In
the corner ' of his room. There wa3 no
answer, and the queer noise stopped.
"Anybody there?" No answer. 'It must
have been a spirit." he said to himself:
"I must be a medium. I will try."
(Aloud.) "If there Is a spirit In the room
it will signify the same by saying aye
no, that's not what I mean. If there is
a spirit in the room it will please rap
three times." Three verr distinct raps
were givn In the direction of the bureau.
"Ia it the spirit of my sister?" No an
swer. "Is It the spirit of ray mothcr-ln-lawr
Three very distinct raps. "Are
you happy?" Nine raps. - "Do you tpant
anything?" A succession of very loud
rape. "Will you give me any communica
tion if I get Up?" No answer. "Shall I
hear from you tomorrow?" Raps are
very loud in th direction of the door.
"Shall I ever see your He waited long
for his answer, hut none came, and he
turned over and- fell asleep Next morn
ing he found the"splrit" of his mother-in-law
had carried off his watch and
purse, his trousers and his great-coat.
The Masculine View.
"Sho's really a lovely girl." he said,
"A blonde, and extremely fair.
With a gracefully small and classic
head." -
"Indeed? And what did she wear?"
"Her eyes you know thoso eyes like
mist.
Just the color of skies, at dawn.
With lashes the longest, silkiest"
"Yes yes, but, what had she on?"
"I liked her manner. Its sonde charm
Suggested a soul at rest;
And then her smile was so sweet and
warm"
"Good gracious! How was she dressed?
She must have worn some sort of a
gown?"
"Why yes that Is certainly clear:
But I did not see It. I frankly own
I raw only her, my dear!"
MADELINE BRLDGE3.
Four freak Trells have been brouyht In"
In the Kansas ell and gas belt In recent years.
One at Dexter Is a hot-air welL It shoots a
,b! Tolcme of hot air a hundred feet and
warms t hints up al around. Near Sedan
Is another hot-air well, not quite so larze.
Near Beaumont a wh!tefu well brought Itself
In, tearing out cajln? and wrecking the der
rick. A column of while gas shot up 260
feet In the air. It looked like smoke, but
burntd all right. A mud well has Just been
struck In Chautauqua. County. At first there
was a roar and tome gas. and then a col
umn of mud shot out oC the well about 5
feet hlgk. This has kept up intermittently
for some weeks.-Kansas City Journal?
And still we hear nothing about tha
wondrous hot-air eruption in the State
of Washington called Scattla.
, .......
This Is said to be a true story: Missouri
Pacific train No. 10 from Omaha, was
running around a curve In the Cypress
yards, in Kansas City. Kan., about 1
o'clock one morning. In the semi-darkness
the engineer. P. H. Burns, noticed a
small yellow dog barking, furiously at
something on the track' ahead. Burns
could not see tho track around the bend,
but he knew there was a trestle there, so
he stopped the train and Investigated. He
found that the small yellow dog had prob
ably prevented a wreck. A horse had
wandered out on the trestle, got its feet
tangled In the ties and couldn't get out.
Burns and his fireman helped the animal
out of Its predicament. They cut away
parts of the ties, and It was an hour be
fore the .train could proceed. Then they
looked for the canine hero, thinking at
least to give him a pat on the head or a
bone as a reward, but the dog had disap
peared. "For ten years," aaid a phyalclan. "I
have advocated apples as a cure for
drunkenness. In that'' time I have tried
tne appfe euro on some' 40 or SO drunkards,
and my success has been roost gratifying;
Let any man afflicted with the love of
drink cat three or more apples daily 'and
the horrible cravlnsr will gradually leave
htm. The cure will be greatly helped
along it he also smokes as little as pos
sible." Let us see. Was It not an apple
that Eve gave to Adam? Look at the
trouble that has since ensued.
A Look Straight Thrown It.
Toledo (Lincoln County) Leader.
Mr. Gearin will in all probability be
the only Democratic candidate for the
place, but several Republican candidates
are readily in the field, with others ex
pected. Very naturally, this will chop
the Republican vote for United States
Senator into several blocks, whit Mr.
Gearin. with the solid Democratic In
dorsement, may stand before the people
with a primary plurality. Now. with a
Republican Legislature, does, any sane
man expect Mn. Gearin to receive the'
vote of that body and be regularly elect
ed to represent Oregon In the United
States Senate? Hardly. And again: With
three or more Republican candidates in
the primaries and sone or more of tho
number in bad odor with a large per
cent of the people. s a representative of
this element expected to vote for the
candidate who Is objectionable to the
people simply because said objectionable
candidate happened to secure a plurality
indorsement in the primaries? Such a
result is possible' 'if an object!eaable can
didate has a big "barT and is a resi
dent of a thickly populated part of the
state. Under the Constitution United
States Senators must be elected by a
majority vote of the Legislature, and
a plurality indorsement of a candidate
In the primaries cannot change the meth
od. So much for the fatness "pledge."
Great Newspaper Deeds.
Baltimore Evening Herald.
The Washington Times exposed the
Postofflee grafters six months before offi
cial action against them was begun. The
St. Louis Post-Dispatch exposed the St.
Louis boodlers sir months before Mr.
Folk joined in the anti-graft campaign
which made him Governor of Missouri.
The Philadelphia. North American fought
the Republican ring In Philadelphia for
five years before the upheaval of last
Fall. The New York World supplied most
of the evidence that aroused public indig
nation against the Insurance grafters.
(Twenty years before the official graft
that ended so tragically ia Oregoa last
year was run to earth The Orexoalan ex
posed it) '
WHAT WILLJT -MEAN?-.
Oae of the Many Cloudy Scbees of
Initiative and Referendum.
There Is a proposed constitutional
amendment, to bo voted on in June, whose
purpose Is to give the people the power
to demand the referendum upon single
items, sections or parts of a bill passed
by the Legislature, and extending both
the Initiative and referendum powers to
municipalities, so that an ordinance may
be proposed by initiative by the people of
a city, -or an ordinance passed by a City
Council" may be held up by referendum
petition and submitted to a vote of the
people. The amendment was proposed by
the People's Power League, of which W.
S. URen, of Oregon City. Is the head. The
amendment. If adopted, will become prac
tically a part of the initiative and refer- .
endusn amendment adopted, by the people j
m 13QC. it reads as follows:
Article lr. of the Constitution of th State
of Oregon shall b and hereby la amended by
Inserting the following section In said article
iv. after section 1. and before section 2, and
It shall bt designated In the constitution as
section la of article lr.:
Section la. The referendum may be de
manded by the people against one or mors
items, sections or parts of any act of the
Legislative Assembly In the same manner in
which such power mar be exercised against
complete act. The flllnr of a referendum
petition against ono or more Items, sections
or parts of an act shall not delay the re
mainder of that act from becoming operative.
-Th Initiative and. referendum powers reserved
to the peopte by this constitution are- hereby
further reserved to the legal voters of every
municipality and district, as to all local,
special and municipal legislation, of every
character, in or for their respective munlcl
pallttea and district. The manner ot exer
cising said powers shall b prescribed by gen
eral laws, except that cities and towna may
provide for the manner of eaerelslng the Initi
ative and referendum powers as to their muni
cipal legislation. Not more than 10 per cent
ot the legal, voters may be- required' to order
the referendum nor more than 15 per cent
to propoae any measure, by the initiative, in
any city or town.
The effect of this amendment, if adopt
ed, may best be shown by Illustrations.
If- this section should become part ot the
constitution, the people could demand the
referendum upon any Item of an appro-
priation bill, or any section, part of a
section, or several sections, of any act
passed by the Legislature. Thus, if this
clause had been in the constitution last
year, the referendum petition which held
up the million-dollar appropriation bill
could have been so framed as to apply
only to the most objectionable features of
that bill, and the remaining appropria
tions could have been left undisturbed.
Under this amendment, if the Legisla
ture should pass a charter bill for the
City of Portland, the people of the City
of Portland could demand the referendum
upon It. without any Interference from
the rest of the state, and have the bill re
ferred to. the voters of the city for their
adoption or rejection. Presumably, tho
people of a municipality could also pro
pose a charter bill by initiative and adopt
it by popular vote, though It is evident
that some sort of legislation will be
necessary prescribing the procedure, as to
place of filing petitions, the officers who
shall prepare the ballots, pass upon the
sufficiency of the petitions, etc
Upon this general subject the proposed
amendment is not entirely definite and
certain. It says: "The initiative and ref
erendum powers reserved to the people by
this constitution are hereby further ro
served to the legal voters of very mu
nicipality and district, as to all local, spc
eial and municipal legislation, of every
character, In or for their respective mu
nicipalities, and districts." So far as this
relates tp municipalities, it Is clear, but
Its application to "districts" Is not so
clear. Let it be supposed that the Legis
lature should pass a bill making It unlaw
ful for hogs to run at large In Marion
County. Would the people of Marion
County alone have the right to demand
the referendum upon that measure? If
so, would they not also have the right to
Droposc a similar law by initiative? If
they could propose a hog law by Initiative,
could they not propose all sorts of laws by
Initiative, unless Inhibited by the const!
tution. and vould not each county be a
sort of Independent legislative common
wealth?
If the Legislature should pass an act
making Marion County a judicial district
by itself, would that be such a local act
applying to a "district," aa is referred to
In the proposed amendment? If so, would
the referendum power rest with the vot
ers of Marlon County alone, or would it
rest with the voters of Marion. Linn,
Polk, Tamhill and Tillamook, which are
now in the same district, and which would
all be somewhat affected by achange in
the district boundaries?
If. the Legislature should pass an act
making It unlawful to hunt ducks in Mult
nomah. Linn and Klamath Counties,
would this be a local act. and, if so, could
each county demand the referendum sep
arately, or would they be compelled to de
mand It together, and the whole act
stand or fall as to all three counties?
If tha Legislature should pass a bill fix
ing the salary of the County Judge of
Clackamas "County at 51M0 a year, would
that be a local act upon which the voters
of Clackamas County could demand the
referendum, and. If so. would the referen
dum petition be filed with the County
Clerk or the Secretary of State? Could
the voters of Clackamas County propose
by Initiative a law fixing- the salary of
the County Judge or other officers, and, if
so. where would the petition be filed?
These questions are pertinent aa to the
proposed amendment, because it does not
seem to be entirely clear. Under present
practice, the hog laws, judicial district
laws, game laws and salary laws are in
the form of general laws, yet they have a
local application. The creation of a judi
cial district has a local application, yot
the salary of a Circuit Judge is paid out
of the State Treasury, so that the people
of the whole state arc Interested In the
question whether a new district shall be
created. It Is not easy, therefore, to say
that such a law is local, and should be
voted upon by the people of the county
or counties named, and not by all the vot
ers of the state.
If this amendment should be adopted by
a vote of a majority of the people of the
state. It would raise questions for the
courts. Just now the proposed amend
ment is before the people for their con
sideration, and they must vote upon It in
June. hc question is. do the people
know what they will mean by adopting
it? If they do, what Is it? The constitu
tion is not tlie best place to put a thing
unless you have a pretty certain Idea of
what it means.
The remainder of the proposed amend
ment seems pretty clear. It provides that
the people of a city may propose munici
pal legislation by the initiative, or demand
the referendum upon such legislation
passed by the City Council. With this
amendment in force, the people of any
city could propose all the gambling, Sunday-closing,
sidewalk, street-improvement
or cow-at-Iarge ordinances they wished,
and if the Council passed ordinances that
were unsatisfactory to 10 per cent of the
legal voters, the referendum could be de
manded. Probably the referendum could
bo demanded If much less than 18 per
cent of the people were dissatisfied, for
It is a common remark that signatures
can be obtained for any kind ef a peti
tion. ' The subject fa one that may well re
ceive the attention of the people of the
state, for when the vote is cast theron in
Jsne. it sbeld be east lnttlligcatly and
advisedly.
GAS ANDJPRESSUPL
Municipal Journal, June. 1305.
During the legislative Investigations into
the cost of gas at Albany recently. Pro
fessor Charles F. Chandler, of Columbia
University, was Introduced before' -the
committee to refute the evidence as; tc
tne relations between Increased pressure
and good light which Professor William
Hallock gave.
Professor Chandler said the- statemenl
of Professor Hallock that the poorer the
gas the greater the presure was nonsense,
because the witness knew the companies
did not put on more pressure to conceal
the deficiencies in the quality.
The table Professor Chandler presented,
however, showed that with a pressure of
four inches or more, such as is frequently
put on at the mains, seven or more feet
of gas ts burned In a so-called five-foot
burner. In answer to questions from
Counsel Hughes, the professor admitted
that if a gas calculated to give ten-candle
power at normal pressure was put under
a pressure of. say, four inches. It would
burn with a 22-power flame. At the same
time the consumer, would pay for more
gas than he expected his burner was ca-
pablo of handling.
There was a i-rln on the face of Counsel
Hughes, for the consumers, as the expert
for the company's side calmly proceeded
to admit categorically that the raor
the preasare the mere gss Traa haraeti.
"The consumption of gas is increased
by the increasing flow through the pipes."
he admitted. "The ordinary consumer
would fall to notice the increase with hl
eye." Then, in answer to Mr. Hughes'
question, he said "yes" to the following
proposition:
"A arrester or less quaatlty ( Kit
may he eeaaamed according; to the ts
rlattos ia preiwurc. -without ssy per
ceptible chaKc ia the llluEaimatloa."
THINGS DOING IN COUNTRY
Overlooking a Good Job.
Kerby Corr. Grant's Pass Observer.
Candidates are as thick as fleas in a
hog bed, but Kerby cannot scare up a
candidate for Constable.
Keeping Up With the Times.
Enterprise Chieftain.
Joseph seems not to be behind in any
thing, for there have been a number of
fist fights here lately, as well as in soma
other parts of the county.
George Makes Call and Gets "Puff.
Shaniko Republican.
George Stege was a pleasant caller at
the Republican office this week. He is
the genial attendant at the Palace saloon,
and will at all times administer to your
wants In his happy, pleasing style. Get
acquainted with George, and you'll find
htm a convivial, companionable gentle
man. How Old Is This Ann?
Corvallis Gazette.
W. E. Paul, of this city, who i3 now In
the neighborhood of 60 years of age. re
lated to a number of friends the other
evening the fact that when he visited Do
ver, N. H a few years ago the same
lady who taught him at school when he
was a little boy 13 still teaching. She.still
teaches In the same old town and the
same old schoolhouse.
The Varmint and the Chickens.
Prineville Journal.
Henry Carlon. who resides 23 miles up
Crooked River, had 73 pure-blooded chick
ens in his henhouse recently. One nlzrht
not long ago he heard his dog barking ac
some length, but as a high wind was
blowing he thought the dog was disturbed
on that account, and did not go out to
ascertain the cause. Next morning he
arose at about 5 o'clock, and on going
out found his dog sitting quietly" by tho
broken glass window of the henhouse.
He thought this action peculiar, and
opened the henhouse door, when a hus;e
wildcat leaped onto his breast and hurled
him to the ground. Mr. Carlon gathered
himself together and made for the house,
where he got his gun and returned to the
fray, to find the big cat serenely await
ing him. One shot dispatched the var
mint. On taking a look In the henhouse
Mr. Carlon was confronted by a pile or
dead .chickens which the cat had killed
and heaped up. Every one of the 73 choice
fowls had been killed and placed in the
heap. Mr. Carlon would be glad to sell
the cat's hide for a sum equal In value
to the chickens.
The Chcrry-Trcc Incident.
New York Christian Advocate.
The editor of the Evening Post of this
city, having alluded to tho cherry tree
episode In Washington's boyhood, W. W.
Ellsworth, a careful student ot Ameri
can history, wrote this letter:
You say that little George Washington
replied to his father's question as to who
chopped down the cherry tree (aa report
ed by his biographer. Parsons Weems) in
"a somewhat prolix and hlgh-soundlns;
speech several lines long," and you add
that "we Invariably boll down George's
noble speech Into 'Father, I cannot tell
a lie. I did it with my little hatchet.'
This Is less than half as long aa tho
Weems version, and very much better."
I am not sure how George's speech may
have been reported by Weems In all the
various editions of his biography (there
were 70 or more of them), but in the
first printing of the cherry-tree story
Weems reports George to have said: "I
can't tell a He. pa; you know I can't
tell a lie. I did cut It with my littlo
hatchet." except for the repetition, not ro
very different from the current quotation,
but more quaint.
This first printing of the famous inci
dent occurs in the fifth edition of the
book, printed in Augusta. Ga.. in 1S05.
The first edition had in it no stories ot
Washington's boyhood, but in the fifth
the author, pleased no doubt with the
success of his earlier efforts and delight
ed to have united himself with the mem
ory of the great Washington, lets him
self go. There Is only one copy In ex
istence, so far as the present writer
knows, of this fifth edition. He wishes
that he owned it. He was once prlvl
leged to have photographs made of its
most important pages, and the words of
George as given above are copied ver
batim from one of these photographs.
Is It a Mistake?
Milwaukee Sentinel.
Mr. Bryan writes to complain that our
universities are muzzled by rich men's
gifts. Has he noted any curtailment la
the exercise ot free and unlimited speech
by those Chicago professors, for Instance?
NEWSPAPER WAITS.
Wise Artist. Critic But this portrait
doesn't look a bit like Mm. Hlcbasmud. Ar
tist I know. But It looks like she thinks
she looks. New York Mall.
He I would be willing to exchange the re
sponsibility of riches for the bonds of Jove
at any time. She Unfortunately one cannoc
cut coupons from tho bonis ot love. Town
and Country.
Practical- "Why should we cast our bread
oh the waters?" asked the Sabbath school
teacher. "Becus deyll arrest youse fer
frowln scraps In de street." was the know
Ins response of little Mickey Flynn. Louis
ville Courier-Journal.
She ts 6 years old. and her father Is a
traveling man. when the curtain rises h
Is at home and she is saying her prayers. Lit
tle Daughter "God blese mamma and Unci
Will. Mamma God bless papa. too. dear.
"Oh. no. he doesn't need It. He's home
now!" New York. Sun.
Customer But that umbrella looks to aw
fully cheap and common the price yoti aslc
for it U preposterous. Dealer My dear air.
that's tha beauty of that umbrella. Jfa really
the very best quality, but it's made to appear
eheap and common sa that no one would thlni
It worth stealing. Philadelphia' Press.
ft"