THE MORNING- OBEGONIAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1906.
PHASES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OREGON
12
UNTO W
THROUGH OREGON
Will .Go From Columbia South
by Railroad and Stage
"to California.
TOUR OF INLAND EMPIRE
Joseph Gaston Gives Ills Impressions
of a Country of Marvelous and
Varied Resources Expcrl
. ence In Snow Slqnu.
PORTLAND. Feb. 23.-(Toithe Editor.)
Leaving Portland on January 15. 1 struck
a great-snowstorm at Hood River, where
the srtow had reached a depth of six
inches. At Biggs, at 1 o'clock P M. the
snow was eight Inches deep and wllng
rapidly. Taking shelter in a Columbia
Southern coach, the passengers, . -o m
number, impatiently waited four hours
for the train to start for Shanlko. ine
train was held up thus, waiting for nine
sheepherdcrs coming down on a. jrub.
from Heppner on their way to Wasco, for
which service they paid the Columbia
Southern $3.C0.cash, which shows that
Mr. Harriman is running that piece of
road 'for accommodation and not profit.
We were five hours on the road from
Biggs to Shanlko, 70 miles, which shows
that Mr. Harriman is exceedingly careful
of the old rails. This road, cheaply con
structed, under great difficulties, has been
of immense advantage to that country,
and E. E. Lytle's management of it must
have been very satisfactory, for every
body lias nothing but praise for him.
Five prosperous towns Wasco, Moro,
Grass Valley Kent and Shanlko have
been built on the line. Of these, Moro.
the county scat of Sherman County, Is
the most important.
Moro has a population of about 800. two
banks, a prosperous newspaper, published
by that old wheel-horse of Oregon Jour
nalism. D. C. Ireland, and his son; a
dozen good stores and all other shops and
signs of prosperity.. The other towns
named arc all growing, prosperous places
and good openings for "business.
Shanlko. being the southern terminus
of the railroad, has special advantages In
being the receiving and shipping point for
a vast region, receiving wool and livestock
from and shipping merchandise to points
ISO miles south. The Shanlko warehouse
probably handles more wool per annum
than any other local warehouse in the
I nited States.
Traveling by Stage.
At Shaniko I was held up two days for.
the storm to pass, and it did pass on
northward at the rate of "5 miles an hour,
the snow skimming along in sheets and
avAlsnchcs, not falling on the ground.
From Shaniko to Prlneville we had a
covered stage, six passengers and half a
ton of frolsht. and made the GO miles In
two days, daylight. For most of the way
we had as fellow-travelers on the road
and campers Jn the same house at night.
13 timber locators, of whom two were la
dies, and of whom we will hear more
further on.
This was a cross-country run. climbing
up a hill, the passengers walking to spare
the team, and then dashing down the
other side with wheels rough-locked to
keep from slipping on" the road down the
mountainside a thousand lect to "King
dom come."
There are. however, some rich valleys
between Shaniko and Prineville. where
vast quantities of alfalfa are raised and
many thousands of sheep and cattle fed,
The "Baldwin ranch, owned by a fellow-
citizen. C. M. Cartwright. is a notable
jilace. not only as a principality of a
farm, but for a whole village of ,nice
buildings for the employes of the great
estate, which owns 25.000 sheep and sev
eral thousand cattle, and where the own
er lives in a residence as fine as anything
on "Nob Hill" in Portland.
Prlneville has been the subject of much
newspaper comment during the past year.
It is the county seat of -Crook County and
Is well located at the junction of the
Orhoco andCrooked River. It is now
and will always" B6 & prosperous town and
line business point, being the natural cen
ter and distributing point for more than
3.000,000 acres of rich country, embracing
the valleys of fhe Mark, McKay, Mill and
Orhoco 1 Creeks, and the great valley of
Crooked River and all its tributaries. It
has a fine hotel, two banks, a prosperous
newspaper, a dozen or more large stores
and shops, a school building that would be
a credit to Portland, several churches,
and they are now erecting a stone block
for a hotdl and store which would be a
credit to any city of 50.000 people.
Sure to Get' a Railroad.
Any railroad passing through this re
gion must touch this town, for its busi
ness, which cahnot be taken away from
It. is so large that it cannot be neglected.
The population is about 1300. of as hos
pitable and progressive people as canbe
found anywhere, and the place bids fair
to become a very large jown.
From Prinevilje to Bend is a delightful
drive of 35 miles over the finest wagon
road of its length in Oregon. Over a level
country, and a hard, smooth road, the
team sped along at the rate of seven
miles an hour. The many new and taste
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ful cottages and clearings In tie bound
less sagebrush along the road show that
the country Is being rapidly settled up In
anticipation of the early advent of the
railroad. "Until recently this country was
deemed worthless. But the irrigation ca
nals running out from Knd will put
water over half a million acres of rich
volcanic soil, practically level, and con
vert the seeming desert into a garden for
fruit, flowers, grain, grass and all vege
table crops, developing such wealth and
prosperity as no man can now foretell.
The new town of Bend, on the Deschutes
River, Is fortunately located as to bid fair
to become the chief center of business,
population and culture in this great Des
chutes Valley, Only two years old, it has
electric lights, city waterworks, three fine
hotels, a bank and one of the best-edited
and. newsj papers in the state, and large
and prosperous stores. All the residences
are new and handsomely painted, and
many of them equal to anything In East
Portland, and they are now erecting a
public school building equal to anything
In the state.
Blockaded by Heavy Snow.
At Bend we struck the great snowfall,
the heaviest in 30 years, according to the
oldest inhabitant, and were held up for
four days, awaiting the opening of the
road. From a point about 12 miles south
of Bend, down to Silver X.ake. 80 miles,
the depth of the snow averaged about
four feet before settling. The .stagemen
managed to get through a letter mail on
horseback, but abandoned all their wag
ons. Then, bunching up their teams, they
forced them over the road In spans, wal
lowing through as best they could for
three days, until a road was broken.
This great fall of snow at this point is
accounted for by the proximity of the
line to the Cascade Mountains. Promised
by the stage company the use of a fine
"cutter, which the village blacksmith
was building, the vehicle turned out to be
a hofse-klller, somewhat like an arctic
sledge. But as the mall had to go. and
as I was the only passscngcr. we "Butch
er Bob, the driver, a Jolly good fellow.
and myself pulled out of Bend on the
evening of January 23 for Silver Lake.
A good-natured crowd had gathered to
give us a grand send-on, and. bidding my
host. O'Kane, of the Hotel Bend, farewell.
we departed amid Jocular admonitions
from the crowd.
Hardships of Winter Travel.
Bob assured his passenger that we
would get through. And we did. Leaving
Bend at 7 o'clock in the evening, wallow
ing through the snow all night, delivering
20 private mall sacks more or less to the
farmers letter-boxes on the line, we
reached Cort Allen's ranch at 4 o'clock
the next morning, 20 miles in nine hours;
and our team entirely given out. Mr. Al
len proved to be the right man in the
right place, and cheerfully got up, made
a roaring flro In his best room and fed
our team. After resting four hours and
getting a hot breakfast, we pulled out
again, and made Rosland, 32 miles from
Bend, in 19 hours steady pulling. From
Rosland on south to Lakevlew. across to
Klamath Falls and down to Pokogama,
250 miles, we had a continuous sleighridc
In a comfortable cutter.
The town of Silver Lake, near the
shores of the lake of that name,
is one of the oldest Fcttlcmonts In East
ern Oregon. The town is well located on
a plain overlooking the lake, which is
u miles long and four miles wide, and
has a great outlook to the cast over the
so-called desert and beyond to the great
Christmas Lake Valley. This town is the
natural center and supply point for
Christmas Lake Valley, and also for
Summer Lake Valley. Summer Lake.
strongly alkaline, la 23 miles long, with
a varjaDic wiQUl or uvc to cjgftt miles.
Christmas Luke .Valley is a large vallcr
witn a rich soil, producing fine crops of
grain, hay and vegetables, without Irri
gation, and Into which there is now pour
Ing a Htcady stream of homcscckefs.
more than a hundred claims having been
taken up within the past six montlis.
Prospective Kail road Center.
Tills town is so situated that any rail
road passing up the Deschutes Valley
must be intersected here byany railroad
purveyed out from Eugene or Klamath
Falls and running East to Ontario. Here,
too, the first place after leaving the Co
lumbta River, I found fine orchards pro
ducing first-class apples, peaches, pears
and other fruits without any disturbance
from the codling moth or other iests.
Its altitude, 4000 feet above sea level.
proves too much for the moth or the
scale.
These resources of agriculture, a great
body of pine timber near by and a prob
able railroad arc sure to create here a
large Inland city. This was the Mecca
oi tnc tinnier land locators before re
ferred to.
Paisley, 40 miles south of Sliver Lake.
named for Paisley in Scotland, was our
next stopping place. Here the Chcwaucan
River comes down from the mountains
and spreads over the valley creating
wild grass marsh of a hundred thousand
acres. "Chcwaucan" is the Indian namo
for "potato field." In the Willamette
Valley the Indians called such, fields
"wapato" field, the potatoes being the
same sort of a bulb in both cases.
Paisley Irrigation Project.
Here the Government will take the wa
ters of the river and irrigate 73,000 acres
of dry. upland, which, with the reclaimed
marshes, will make such a great body of
very productive land as will soon make
the town of Paisley quite a flourishing
little city. Here Lawrence Sutton Ains
worth. an enterprising young business
man representing in his name two of the
oldest families of Portland, and his part
ners, have a large and prosperous general
store. The town has two other stores, a
large flouring mill, two hotels and other
business places, and is prospectively a
very fine business point
Fifty miles south of Paisley we come
to Lakevlew. within 15 miles of the Cali
fornia line. Its location, within three
miles of the great Goose Lake,, which is
40 miles in length and 20 miles wide, and
with a great, wide, rich valley on three
sides, gives the town a very extensive
outlook. It is a prosperous place of 1003
2sO. 1 EAI OF DITCH IK SUMPTER TAL7CBV.
people, two banks, two excellent news
papers, one of which Is printed and edited
by two young ladies, a dozen very large
stores, a splendid three-story brick hotel,
ably managed; electric lights, city water
works and all the shops and fraternal
orders of a live, up-to-date Western town.
It is the county seat of Lake County,
with the United States Land Office for
the land district.
Railroad From Nevada.
The terminus of the railroad running
north from Reno, New, Is only JO miles
distant, with practically an open, level
country between, assuring the extension
of the road to Lakevlew within a year.
It has boundless agricultural resources
all around, and altogether It has a cer
tainty of becoming the big town of South
eastern Oregon.
One hundred miles west from Lakevlew I
Is located the progressive town of Klam
ath Falls. The country between the two
places Is made up of rolling hills cov
ered with much fine timber and Inter-1
sperscd with charming little valleys of
great fertility. The whole country is
covered with flocks of sheep and herds
of cattle, like all the country from Shan
iko to Lakevlew. This livestock is now,
of course, all gathered into the feeding i
grounds to be fed from the. great ricks
of alfalfa until the snow disappears.
Alfalfa is the great forage standby of
Eastern Oregon, and the article which
produces the fat, the muscle, the wool
and the cash, no matter whether fed to
horses, cattle or sheep. One can't talk
timothy hay to an Eastern Oregon stock
man, for he has more facts and argu
ments than one could answer with a book.
Klamath Falls has more resources and
advantages to build up a city than any
other place In Oregon outside of Portland
and Baker City. The Government will
irrigate and reclaim from swamp 50a.0
acres of rich land around the town All
the other lands within a radius of many
miles Is ' rich, productive toll, and much
of It covered with fine Umber. Right at
the town is a vast cheap water power.
which can be used five times over in
mile to operate manufactories or electric
roads.
Confident of the Future.
The town is already a hustling place.
confident of its own future; with electric
lights, city. water, banks, stores, hotels.
newspapers, steamboats, and every shop,
factory and facility to push ahead with
'!
an active healthy growth. SIxtv
nouses nave been built the past
many are under construction, and there
Is a certainty of having railroad connec
tion with the whole country within four
months. .Real estate is booming and
prices advancing: and the town can never
havo a competitor within Its own exclu
sive territory.
The soil of all this region that I have
passed through is of volcanic origin and
rich in the mineral elements which fur
nish a fertilizer already in place, which
in Western Oregon and Jic Eastern
States has to be purchased from the man
ufacturing chemist.
The climate Is mild. I did not believe
this before coming here to see in the
worst snow storm for many years. Peo
ple In the Willamette Valley generally
bcllevo this Is a cold, hard climate, but
it is not as cold to man. animals or plant
llfo as ten degrees above the freezing
point at Portland. The difference Is pro
duced by the humidity of the atmos
phere. Here the air'Is dry; in the Wll
lamctte Valley It Is humid.
Many Business Openings.
There are business openings all over
this new country for men of business with
some money, and for active, capable
young men willing to wprk.
It was a short half day's sleighridc
from the Falls down to the end of Una-
ley's logging railroad at Pokegama. And
then from that plateau, on the top of the
Siskiyou Mountains, with the snow two
feet deecp and everybody cutting fire
wood, but a short run down to the South
ern Pacific and over Into the Rogue River
Valley at Ashland, where we found all the
farmers out In the fields in their shirt
sleeves plowing in the warm sunshine
for their Spring crops on February 6; a
veritable transformation scene that made
me doubt my own eyes.
Like the "Happy Valley."
Rogue River Valley beats the wprld on
climate. The hand of roan has planted
orchards vines, fruits and flowers and
built pretty cottages in this favored
spot and has made It still more attractive.
Forgetting the railroad and its noisy en
gines, and giving rein to a little imagi
nation, the graceful outlines of the hills
with their purling streams, the groves of
spreading oaks and the miles and miles
of orchards make up a scene which
might easily read the beholder to think
he had in some magical way wandered
into the happy valley of Rasselas. paint- 1
ed by the immortal Samuel Johnson.
As the. twilight deepens and the train
glides out of this garden spot of the
world, I turn in for the night, and the
next morning, after a 24 days run on
stages, wagons, sleds and sleighs, wake
up in Portland the future New York of
the great Pacific
JOSEPH GASTOX.
Killed WTiile Stealing a Ride.
CHEHAL1S. Wash Feb. 23. (Spe
cial.) John Paulson was killed by a
train Halt way between rtapavinc and
WInlock Tuesday night. His head was
dismembered from the body, which was
dragged about 400 feet. His blankets
were picked up near by. Paulson was
evidently riding the brakebcam and
fell under the north-bound train. He
was about 50 years old. Papers found
on the body showed that he had land
near Kirkland, "Wash. The Coroner's
verdict was in accordance with tho
facts stated.
Aberdeen Opium-Joint Raided.
ABERDEEN. Waslu, Feb. 25. (Spe
cial.) I.izzle Morgan and Viola Itecse,
colored, were arrested today for con
ducting an opium Joint. It is the first
dive pt the kind ever found on Gray's
Harbor.
TSO. 2 ENTRANCE TO ROCK TCNNEH. J
HIGH PRICES FOR HORSES
OREGON STOCK IX DEMAND FOR
EXPORT AND AR31Y SERVICE.
Cattle in Eastern Part of State Arc
Standing Hard Winter Well.
Valup of Alfalfa.
From various points in Eastern Oregon
comes news of recent sales and prepara
tions for sale of horses that indicate bet
ter prices all along the line. The follow
ing, reported in a Klamath- County paper.
is typical:
. "J. Frank Adams today sold ICO head of
horses to Charles Stewart, of San Fran
cisco, for prices ranging from $10 to $150
each, says a Merrill. Or., dispatch of re
cent date. Mr. " Stewart purchased the
horses to take to San Francisco, and per
haps a large portion of them will go to
Honolulu or be transported for service in
the United States Army.
sixty ncau- oi animals orougnt jhm
PROGRESS IX IRRIGATION WORK
N EAR B A Hij RCITY. J
Half tone cuts on this pace, made
from photographs. show the progress
that hu ben made in th Baker
City irrigation project. Nearly 10.
OOO acres lie wltbln its rcop, and. as
will be kcd, the work is far ad
vanced. The end of the ditch In the
first picture is In the Sumpter Val
ley Cjnyon. seven miles away. The
tunnel'shown In the second Is driven
for about COO feet through the solid
rock. The third picture shows the
ditch where It leaves the tunnel,
conveying water to reservoir of 210
acres area. The ditch then follows the
foothills for several miles to tlys
north and supplies water to the flat
below Baker City. This work In ob
viously of great moment to Baker.
City, ltow many chances of like
nature are still open In the wide
bounds of Oregon! The photos ate
by M. L. Levlnger, of Baker City.
each and 40 head were sold at $150 each.
They average from 1250 to 1500 pounds
each, and some of them were only halter
broken."
Also this from Canyon City:
"J. D. Combs and W. H. Officer will
leave soon for Portland with 15 span of
fine horses, which they will sell at that
place They have rcfustd $KO each for
several span, and since horses seem to be
in great demand, they expect to realize
quite, an advance over that figure on the
Portland market.
The news from the large Enstcrn Ore
gon ranches as to the condition In which
cattle arc kcplng through the Winter is
generally good. Some of the hay supplies
arc running out and the cattlemen arc
trying: to buy. Itye hay Is the mainstay
on some of (he ranches, and stock is said
to be doing well on it. From one ranch
In the Vale country we learn that for 2030
bead they are feeding 20 tons a day of
this hay.
The, following paragraph is taken from
the Indiana Farmer:
"Two excellent farms and cattle feeders
In Pike County, this state. Messrs. J. Mor
ton and It, M. Craig, a few days ago sold
two carloads of Angus and Shorthorn
steers In the St. Louis market at 53.63 per
1C0 which average 14S0 pounds. It was the
top price of the market for the day. They
were fed corn and shredded fodder, and
had the run of good pasture several
months. making a gain of TOJ pounds.
Ukewise. the following item:
"The Experiment Station of the Kan
sas State Agricultural College. Manhat
tan. Kan., has Just Issued Bulletin No. 130.
entitled 'Steer Feeding Experiment 7.' The
object of the experiment was to test al
falfa as the sole roughage fed with corn-
and-cob meal, as compared with a mix
ture of roughaccs. it being the opinion
of many feeders that a mixture Is prefer
able. In this experiment the steers get
ting alfalfa ns the sole roughage made
better gains and at less cost."
If an experiment were carried out at the
Oregon Agricultural College In which the
new pulverized alfalfa hay grinding up
the entire plant, including the do stems.
rich in protein were to be used, not as a
substitute for this roughage, but as- the
main' it-m In the feeding, the results
would be studied with much interest.
This material, produced at present In
California and Idaho, but not In Oregon.
so far as Is known, has had great success.
not only for cattle, but also for sheep.
hogs and chickens.
The Southern Pacific Railroad Is as
xood as its word In the alfalfa experi
ments In each Willamette Valley county.
At the Sllverton Development League
meeting It is reported that they promised
or more alfalfa fields' as' soon as they
could be procured. The Telephone-Regis
ter of McMlanvIIIe, reports progress in
those counties thus:
"H. ; X. Letmsbury. traveling freight
agent of the Southern Pacific Company,
was in the city last Tuesday, looking
after the company's proposition to exper
iment with the growing of alfalfa. He
secured a tract of land for experimental
purposes from F. W. Martin.- and another
tract from air. Atkinson, near New berg.
These two tracts are of very different
character of soil. The land will be inoc
ulated and the best methods of cultivation
used. That the results will be satisfac
tory there can be little doubt."
The noticeable point Is in the different
character of lands to be handled. Expe
rience here, as wclU as in other counties,
shows the hardy and adaptable nature of
the plant. Known in both France and
England as lucerne. It Is cultivated there
on soils with chalk, sand, loam and marl
as subsoil, as well as on the deep, allu
vial soils similar to those on which many
of our experiments are being tried. In
those countries the plant is often drilled
instead of sowed broadcast, and covers
the ground between the rows with thick
vegetation. The advantage Is that weeds
arc kept down till the alfalfa has taken
firm hold.
But there, as here, drainage of the up
per soil to a-depth of at least IS inches is
nn absolute necessity. Such drainage may
be cither natural or artificial. "Whenever
the roots strike a water-socged' stratum
they tell the tale at once. The leaves
turn yellow, tho stems dwindle and the
nlant dies out.
The modern farmer, when he 'sets out
to sow alfalfa field, sees to it that the
soil Is duly Inoculated witlx-bactcria on
which the vigorous growth of thja plant
depends. The Agricultural College- at Cor
vnllls Is in a position to supply earth con
taining abundance of these bacteria to all
early applicants, free of charge. When
once- the growth has been established on
a farm on a small scale, by thorough cul
ture of a small patch of alfalfa ground,
from that corner of the farm enough Inoc
ulated soil can be taken. to assist the
crowth of as larce an area as Is desired
From the nbove It must not be supposed
that Inoculation and nothing else Is need
cd to make alfalfa growing a success,
It Is an aid. and a most important one to
insure success, when the other necessary
conditions are complied with. Briefly
stated, these arc deep plowing, clean cul
tivation, a seed bed well pulverized and
prepared, frcsn. clean seed, and deep and
efficient subsoil drainage. Of course.
weeds must be cut down before seeding.
The second year the alfalfa will take care
01 Itself.
Good AVcnthcr Hurts Wheat.
City people, enjoying the recent dry.
brilliant weather, did not think of Its
Injuring the Winter wheat by premature
ly forcing its growth. But the Salem
Statesman po doubt tells the truth:
"The farmers who have a wheat crop
In this season in the vicinity of Salem
are now pasturing It. whlcn is an excel
lent plan, as the wheat was maturing
vory fasF by tho fine weather and would
prevent stooling to some extent If it Is
not kept down to the regular normal
growth. The fair weather which pre
vailed during the former part of this
month and the after part of last, caused
the wheat to turn somewhat yellow, and
the farmers were not pleased as to the
result of it. The rains of the past few
days, however, with the prospect for their
reasonable continuance, will be an as
surance of natural and successful growth
from now on."
To turn the sheep into the field and
keep them there until every vestige of
Spring green has gono and nothing but
long lines of knawed off roots are visible
seems hard medicine the first time It Is
tried. But once the sheep are taken off
and the wheat starts again how magical
Is the change.
Sometimes from ten to 20 stools where
but one contral shoot showed itself be
fore tho sheep took a - hand, a bunch
of stems, each in due time crowned with
Its yellow ear.
ALL SPRAYING M.
Newspapers Comment on Cam
paign for Cleaner Orchards.
DANGER IN-RpSE' BUSHES
3Iultnoniah Inspector Insists That
City People 'Keep Them Clean.
Freewater AVants a Fruit
-
- Cannery..
The campaln-for clean orchards is
In full swing .and everywhere spraying
is being resorted to by fruitgrowers,
as shown by the country newspapers.
The following- is from The Argus:
The Hillsboro orchards are being?
sprayed- with a vengeance, which goes
to snow that the agitation for killing
the San Jose scale has not heen fruit
less. Orchard after orchard has been
entered, and the pruning knives and
spray pumps have been working over
time, "inis should extend Into the
country, and. be keot un for two or
three ypars, and then we shall have
some fruit that will grace any market
in tne world."
And this from the Corvallis Times:
"As to cleaning ud the old orchards.
it looks as though Benton would lead
the procession. Members of a spraying
firm in the Times offlcc yesterday, de
clared that every farmer they have met
expects to join In the war or cut down
his trees. Professor CorJIey is kept
busy night and day."
Culprits In the Cities.
Soon the culprits left out will be the
owners of individual trees and of rose
busncs In the towns and cities. In Mult
nomah the Inspector is getting after
them sharply so much the sooner will
the end be gained. Remember the new
edition of bulletin on spraying to be
nad from the Corvallis Agricultural
College for the asking.
It Is a pleasure to notfee the address
of Thomas Prince, of Dundee, at the
Forest Grove horticultural meeting- on
walnuts. Eminently practical and scn-
sidic, especially In the cautions as to
planting no seedlings except those
raised from nuts from grafted trees,
The speaker warned his hearers against
using black walnut stocks, lest the
nuts from grafts thereon should be
dark colored. Is this coming from ex
perience? It is not generally believed
that color of the fruit -grown from
grafts of fruit troes in general is gov
erned by the color of that which the
stock would have produced if un
graftcd. Very wise was the suggestion to use
here the French late blooming varie
ties. In North Italy the walnut is wide
ly grown, as also in Japan. It is worth
while to profit, by experience gained
there. .
Walnut Should Be Planted.
Every farmer in the Willamette Val
ley should plant a few walnuts near
his house. Slow In starting, but rayldi
in growth and-abundaht In' bearing a3
years pass tho. walnut Is not only a use
ful but a most shapely rtnd beautiful
tree. Many Oregon residents who re
member English villages will recall
the groups of walnuts on the edges of
the green and round the farms. 73 or
SO feet in height and as wide spread
ing as the oak.
In view of the pending suffrage cam
paign it is perhaps perilous to recall
tho wicked old rhyme:
A woman, a spaniel, a walnut tree.
The mors you thrash them, the better they w.
If ever It were wise to plant nuts of
all kinds, it is just now. Instead of a
merely pleasant store for Christmas
after-dinner festivities, nuts and footls
manufactured from them, havctaken
a growing place as articles of regular
dleC Only now is their nutritious
value appreciated. a
Frecvatcr Wants a Cannery.
Frecwatcr, a fruitgrowing paradise.
on tho opposite side of the O. R. &
tracks from Milton, In Umatilla Coun
ty, is gaining fuller recognition every
year. The Freewater Times calls at
tention to the possibilities of a can-
ncry there.
"The need of a cannery Is fully real
ized by everyone and the only question
remains Is Just how to secure it. Tho
tirst essential thing for the support
and maintenance of such an enterprise
is the product of the country, and
right here Is where the Freewater peo
ple are the leaders. Annually there aro
thousands pf dollars worth of fruit
and vegetables which go to waste
for lack of proper ways to preservo-
und nlacn It on the market. With
cannery established at this point there
would not only be a saving of the pro
duct raised, but there would be a re
newed effort to make every available
tract of land a greater producer.
Small Capital Xccdcd.
A cannery with a dally capacity of
from 8000 to 10,000 cans could bo put
Into operation for about 56500. A larger
plant could be Installed for a corres
ponding larger outlay of capital, but
one of this size could -handle all the
fruit that is now; raised, and additions
could be made when needed at a small
cost.
After placing the early products on
NO. 3 DITCH KMKRGtNG FROM RESERVOIR.
the market, which soon becomes over
stocked, there comes a lull, and conse
quently, loss to the grower. A cannery
would prevent this loss and from a,
practical standpoint, would put dollars
into the producers pockets."
How many points there are in this
state crying- for similar steps to be
taken.
CROWS MUST BE EXTERMINATED
Indisputable Evidence That Thcj
Destroy Bird Ijlfc.
Some weeks ago attention was called
to the havoc wrought in the stock of
China pheasants and other" game birds
by our Oregon crows. A bounty on theso
pirates was suggested, to be supplied from
the game licenses surplus. This should
surely be kept in mind now, and candi
dates for legislative honors should bo
requested, even required, to pledge them
selves to this amendment. Many hunters
who are good observers report the stock
of Chinese pheasants as decreasing and
the number of these black robbers, to bo
Increasing fast.
When the last -season opened many hen
pheasants were found without a single
chick: sometimes six or seven old hens
gathered in one bunch for company. One
of the best of the outdoor papers, the
"American Field," of Chicago, has just
new printed the following indictment of
the murderous crow.
A correspondent writes that paper:
"The crows begin about 4 o'clock in
the morning, or a little later, and they
look the shade trees over for the young
birds. They go Into the trees that stand
in yards and that line the streets, close.
by buildings. As soon as people stir from
their houses the crows disappear for the
day, but begin again next morning just
the same, and they eat every young bird
they can find. The robin will put up a
good fight with them, but the crows will
get the young just the same. Every kind
of small bird that builds its nest in trees
or on the ground the crows are destroy
ing rapidly. After the young have
reached the age when they can fly well
I have watched the crows catch, kill and
eat them In the air. I have watched them
break up the nest of the meadow lark
that builds on the ground: In fact, they
kill everything they can. being, as they
are. very fond of meat."
And the Field' says:
"The young of song, insectivorous and
game birds are worth more than all tho
crows, and laws snould be passed thac
will bring about their decimation, if not
annihilation.
"The laws of most states protect tho
nests of game, song and insectivorous
birds, and attach heavy penalties for mo
lesting eggs. If It is criminal for persons
to molest nests or eggs, then it is no
less so on the part of such birds as have
a predilection for devouring eggs and
young birds, and a premium should be
offered for meting out to them the fate
of the birds they would destroy.
"Just as there arc many noxious flora
In the botanical world, that man Is jus
tified In destroying, so arc there many
obnoxious species in the ornithological
world that man is warranted in making
warfare on.
"Save the song birds and destroy their
enemies."
BACTERIA AID CHEESEMAIvER
Prof. Pcraot, 'of Agricultural Col
lege, Completes Experiments.
The following letter from Professor E.
F. Pcrnot. bacteriologist of the Corvallis
Agricultural College. Is of more fhan
passing interest. In his laboratory -were
to be seen recently samples of most
cheeses of commercial name and repute,
all made by the Inoculation of' the same
material with varying cultures of -bacteria.
So he writes with a general knowledge
of his subject:
"It Is within the power of any of our
modern cheese-makers to control tho
flavor and aroma of these dairy products.
They operate by the use of pure cultures
of selected races of organisms, which
will produce cheese of various standard
qualities. Micro-organisms aro the spe
cific agents In producing cheese flavor
A single variety acting upon fresh milk
leaves behind ptomaines, which havo a
distinct cnzymlc action upon the casein,
bringing about what is commonly known
as curing or flavor.
"Therefore It is needless to say that
if each variety of germs produces a dis
tinct ptomaine when growing In milk,
then all that Is necessary to produce a.
cheese of a certain flavor Is to inoculate
the milk with a culture of organisms
which produce the desired flavor, and ex
clude undesirable ones.
"Since the Introduction of cream sep
arators and of Pasteurizers, milk which
fa intended for making butter and cheese
is under the full control of the dairy
man In manufacturing standard dalry
products.
"I have separated seven different va
rieties of organisms from foreign and
domestic cheese, which, when Inoculated
Into milk, and subsequently .made Into
cheese, have reproduced the flavor of the
cheese from which they were isolated.
These cheeses were all made of milk from
the same source, under similar conditions
and in the same dairy-
"The brewers have long since recog
nized the necessity of utilizing and per
petuating pure cultures or certain jci
ments to insure a uniform taste In their
products. The wine-makers do the same,
then why not the dairyman?
"The only reasbn why we do not pro
duce cheese of the different varieties to
equal or surpass that of any other coun
try Is, perhaps, because our people aro
not painstaking enough. They want their
raw material to be turned Into gold with
the least possible effort, and disregard
the necessity of absolute cleanliness in
the dairy and In the handling of milk.
"But all this Is rapidly coming on.
and with it the full development of the
Pacific Northwest as one of the greatest
dairying districts of the world."