THE 3IORXIXG OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1906. MONOPOLY INQUIRY CHARLES A. JOHNS FOR GOVERNOR Store Opens at 5 A. M. House Passes ResolutionAbout Coal and Oil. ALLIANCE WITH RAILROADS 9 I Store FtO n , CA"- i. JL ,CSf I store 1 Control ot Commodities by Their Carriers to Be Investigated by Interstate Commission. 4 3To Opposing Votes. WASHINGTON, Feb. 23. Preceded bya debate which indicated no hesitancy, but rather a relish, in taking. acUon against alleged, railroad combinations, the House agreed -without opposition today to the Tillman-Glllesple resolution, directing the Interstate Commerce Commission to make1 an immediate inquiry and Teport regard ing alleged restraints of trade on the, part of certain railroads in the handling of coal and oil. The resolution was not In the form in which It passed the Senate, and will go back to that body for its sec ond action. The debate occupied an hour, and consisted of a succession, of speeches In denunciation of alleged practices of railroads and an indorsement of the pro posed investigation. Fears Guilty May Escape. The only note of apprehension was from Mann of Illinois, who called attention to the law which exempts, from prosecution persons who may testify in the Inqulrj-. lu this manner, he said, the guilty offi cials, if any such were found, might e able to. escape punishment. It was al leged that the resolution in no way changed existing law on this point, and the belief was expressed that in making the inquiry the Commission would exer cise discretion In getting its information from sources which would not exempt possibly guilty parties. . The House devoted the remainder of the day to minor matlers and passed several bills, among which .was the famous Mus selshoals dam bill, which was returned by the President with suggestions from the Secretary of War aa to amendments. The bill permits the creation of an im mense water power on the Tennessee River in Alabama, and has been pending before Congress for several years. The Tillman-Gillespie resolution was the first business taken up. Townserid (Rep., Mich.) presented the resolution with a unanimous report from the interstate and foreign commerce com mittee. In explaining the resolution, Townsend said: Reasons for Investigation. "This resolution was born of a settled conviction among the people as reflected in Congress that Injustice and wrong is being done them, by certain Interstate carriers of coal and oil. As members of the National legislature, it seems to me that it Is tli duty of Congressmen when great complaints are presented by numer ous citizens of high character against conditions which are alleged to injuriously affect producers and consumers of the ne cessities of life, to at least investigate the complaints with a iew to determining, first, whether the complaints are well founded, and, second, if wrongs are found to exist, .to discover if possible jvhether existing .jaws are being- violated, and, third, if any new legislation is necessary. "It bas been confidently alleged that certain railroad companies have large holdings of coal and oil lands; that they buy and sell coal and oil; that in other cases officers of these roads own sufficient of the stock of oil and coal companies, when used In connection with the stock owned by the roads, to enable them to control such companies; that by reason of such ownership, dealings and collusions, the two great necessities of modern life coal and oil are made more expensive to the consumer, and at the same timelnde pendent owners and dealers using these products are injured, if not ruined. "It is alleged that hundreds of own ers of coal and oil mines and fields are prevented from operating for the rea son, .that the 'roads '. which under the luw .should serve them- -either, -fail en- transportation or else furnish them so inadequately as to make operation Un profitable. AIL In;Bovcr of Monopoly. "The result of -this cai .only -be hat every consumer, ot coai and oil is bud ject -to the prices of a monopoly which rc those of extortion and Injustice. -It is possible that existing law may not be adequate to reach these evils if they are found to exist, but there can be no doubt that the Government is strong enough to protect its citizens against any of Its law-made creatures, and when publicity reveals an evil Congress will be able .and willing to apply-a remedy. "The resolution as originally pre sented to the House contemplated only an Investigation in .relation to bltuml nous coal. The Senate resolution In cluded all other DtodUcts. The c-cntle man from Kansas ", (Campbell) most ably presented resolutions backed by facts showing; that oir should be In eluded. The committee believes that carriers of all kinds of coal and oil should be the subject of investigation, and that the Interstate Commerce Commission should matte it. "This 'investigation should be prompt. icaricas ana weu inauc. -r- Grosvenor briefly Indbrsed -the reso lution. - Support -to the resolution was made by "Williams, the minority leader, in a -brief speecn. Gillespie, as a olnt author of the rcao lutionrsaid that since its introduction he had irecelved manv letters, from both Democrats and Republicans, and if 3ialf that he bad heard was true, there was a system of commercial brigandage pre vailing compared to which the desperado of pioneer days- was child a play. Bill lor Alaska Miners. Proceeding under call of committee, bills were passed to require 573 worth ot work annually on mining claims and 55 worth of. work on roads and trails for each min ing claim in Alaska; allowing forelm ships to clear from American ports with out examination certificates when the countries to which they belong -recognize American certificates -of Inspection; to prevent foreign-built dredges from oper ating in the United States, except dredges now at -work in the United States under contract SOME OF THE REASONS ADVANCED BY MR. JOHNS FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS IN HIS BEHALF Mr. Johns is a native-born citizen of Uie United States. 4$ years old. In the prime of life and a type of the younger and progressive clement In the Republican party. He is a pioneer of Oregon. He has resided 29 years in the Willamette Valley and IS years in Baker City. He graduated from the Willametto University with an A. B. degree in 1878. and was admitted to the bar in 3 SSL He has always taken an active interest in public affairs. He was elected Mayor of Baker City in 1S9L re-elected in 1S92, and again in November, 1901, by the largest majority any candidate ever received for that office. In June. ho was elected School Director for the fourth consec utive term, and received every vote cast. He has always taken an active personal interest in education affairs. "Excluding saloons, Mr. Johns has the support and Indorsement, without regard to party, of practically' every business interest in Baker County. He Is qualified by nature, learning and experienco to fill'that position. He has never been a factional man, is not a factional candidate, and would not be a factional Governor. He has always been a Republican and a loyal sup porter of its ticket and principles. His nomination would harmonlxe and unite the party and insure the election of a Republican Governor. He Is the choice of Eastern Oregon, which, in tho Congressional election of 1901. cast nearly 7000 more votes than Multnomah County. Baker County is one of the largest In Eastern Oregon, and In its whole history has never re ceived any political recognition by the Republican party, cither state or Federal, by election or appointment. Charles A. Johns has been a man of affairs in the history of the state and of Eastern Oregon in particular. His integrity has never been ques tioned. He has a clean record and the support and confidence of the peo ple. He 4s recognized as one of the leading lawyers of the state, and as "a. campaigner has no superiors and but few equals in the State of Oregon. No man ever had a stronger home indorsement. parts of the territory, and that railway development would soon make all points accessible. FALSE ALARM. ABOUT SUGAR Philippine Official Says Product Will Go to Cliina. "WASHINGTON. Feb. 13. Tha Senate committee on the .Philippines t6day con cluded its hearings on tlai Philippine tariff bill, which have been in progress for the past month, and Chairman Lodge said that he would probably call a meeting for next Tuesday to decide upon a report. There were three witnesses before the committee today. They were C. T. Smith. of Michigan, who opposed the bill in the Interest of the beet-sugar makers: George B. Rea, of Manila, and w. C. Wei born. Director ot Agriculture or the Philippine Islands, both of whom advocated the passage of the bill. Mr. welborn said that he bad chariged tho opinion, advanced by him before the House committee that the passage of the bill would have the effect of bringing prac tically all of tho Philippine sugar to the United States. He now believed, be said. that even if tho bill became law. much of the sugar produced in the Islands would continue to go to China, BRUNTS THE WRITS (Continued From Tint Psc) . Protest Against Prohibition. "WASHINGTON. Feb. 22. Representa tives of the National German-American Alliance, one of the great German organi zations or tno country, called on the President today to protest against the Hepburn-Dolllver bill now pending before Congress. The measure is practically a Federal recognition of prohibition. NOTES FROM THE CAPITAL. Rear-Aflmlrfi.1 Am. "Walker will succeed Rear-Admiral C 34. Chester as Superin tendent of the Mava.1 Observatory at Wash ington on February 28. The- Senate committee on the library baa made favorable reports on a number of monument and mcmorln.1 bills, amonc them MAKE ALASKA A TERRITORY Svdncford Recommends Tallies or Seward -as Capital. "WASHINGTON, Feb. 33. Ex-Governor A. P. Swlneford, of Alaska, appeared be-J lore tho House committee on territories today to urge the granting of territorial government to Alaska. He said that, un der the court government which now ex ists, the system of taxation is unsatisfac tory. In response to questions as to where the capital of Alaska should be, he said cither at Beware or Vaklcz. When asked If it would bo possible for members of a Territorial Legislature from remote parta of the territory .to reach the capital, Mr. .Swlneford -said water travel was possible fer -pereea in nearly all HErRESENTATTVK ACCUSED TAKING, ILLEGAL FEES. OF Spencer JUacktatrB. Representative Spencer Blackburn of North Carolina Is the latest mem ber of Congress to be .indicted. The grand. Jury ot the special term ot the United .States District Court of North Carolina Tuesday returned two true bills aga-lnst him. charging htm with practicing; be for the Treasury Department and receiv ing; lees for such service. In viola tion of the laws. He is accused ot receiving: $GO0 from Ace Dlnklns and Si 00 from A P. Davis. Representa tive Blackburn denies all charges. as follows: For a statae of John Paul Jones In Washington, D. C $50,000. and for the erection of. a monument to Commodore John B. Bloat, at Monterey. Cat.. 10,090. The. Board ot Supervising Inspectors ot Stfum Vessel, which has been In session for a month, will report to the Department of Commerce and Labor malting a sum ber of recommendations for the betterment of steamboat investigation. DELIGHTFUL NEWPORT. Spies! Weather at XkSa PopsJar Pacific Delightful in every particular is the weather at Newport, and the Soutaera Pacific and the Cervallls & Eastern rail roads have resumed their cheap rates to this pktce for the Winter. Particulars by asking at xira asa waMmgtMt streets. procur lookV le 'ihe absolute divorce 'of public carriers,- as iruch. from the produc tion of coal as 'miners, which condition ot monopoly nad created such a strong feeling ot dissatisfaction and anger in the bituminous and anthracite coal regions.' He has already drafted an amendment covering this point. He said that something ought to be done to compel the trunk lines to make con nectlons with spurs and feeding lines and glvo them fair treatment in the dlstribu tion of cars and offer equal facilities with other shippers. Tillman stated that in making the re port on the bill he would not prepare a lormai analysis for presentation to the Senate, but the report would simply trans mit the action to the Senate, together with a synopsis ot the testimony taken before the committee. He has not vet taken into consideration the question of bringing the bill before the Senate, but said ho would press It with the view of having the discussion commenced as soon as convenient and possible. Solecism, Says Elkius. Elklns characterized it as a "solecism' to have a Democrat renort from Re publican committee to a Republican Sen ate a bill which had been reported bv a Republican committee in the House and passed oy a Republican House. He be lieved that the bill should have been in charge of Dolllver, who had Insisted that it oe reported as it came from tho House, and this especially as it was finallr re ported in that shape. Elkins said that he would have voted for tho bill if tho com mittee would allow one amendment which ue naa proposea ana which vitally affect ed the interests of his state. West Vir glnia. This amendment was as follows: Square Deal for Connections. That carrier of Interstate commerce ahalL upon application, put In all necessary switches to meet wants ot shippers, make prompt con nections and ojx rating arrangements with connecting branches or lateral lines, make rea sonable and lust division of throat h rates and make reasonsble And Just alloxan ces to con- nectlnr lateral or branch lines for originating rreignt. in case of the refusal or failure on the parr ot such carrier to provide proper awitcnes lor shlppens and to maXe proper and suitable connections with connecting, lateral or brunch lines, through rates and divisions of tho ame and just and fair allowance for originating freight, operating and running ar rangrmente;( the differences between the par ties shall be determined by the Interstate Com jnerce Commission, and Mid carrier shall abide by and carry into effect the decision or de termination of the CommlKlon, and, failing to do so, the Commission is authorised to com pel said carrier to comply with lis orders in the premises by "proper proceedings in the Circuit Court of the United Elates In the Judicial district through which the railroad of such carrier may run. Elkins declared that be would offer this amendment in the Senate and secure record vote, in the hope that it will be adopted. He believed that the coal ques tion bad been settled to a large extent by the recent decision of the Supreme Court. He pointed out that, while he was ear nestly in favor of a prevision .for a court review and would have supported the bill if that amendment had been added to it, at the same time be believed good results would have been achieved by the adop tion of bis amendment relating to lateral lines. Be First to See the New Merchandise AT PORTLAND'S FOREMOST STORE A CONTINUOUS "STBEET PAIR" of Latent Pasnions adds to the excitement created by the marrelous Array of Week-End Bargains for Saturday. This store is a big, growing village. Thwk of every department as a separate specialty shop that lines the aisles or streets. Then there're the telephone stations, letter boxes and postal facilities, lavatories and drinking founts, two restaurants one a "public tea-room, the other a big store dining-hall that feeds nearly 300 employes daily. Writing-rooms and resting spots the store's "parks" all at your service. The Spring stocks are ready, also some mighty interesting economies for Saturday buyers. Come down and spend the day. Of course, you Ml remember the Store do at 6 P. M. A SPECIAL SATURDAY SALE OP 50c Bonny Bungalow Silks for 26c YC Wash Goods Shop Pirst CToor. , Good news for hundreds of women who want these charming novelties; 2000 yards in the remarkable offering of beautiful bungalow silks, in fetching Jacquard effects and em bracing all the newest shades. See the in teresting window display. Best regular 50c values for Saturday at, Oftf 1.UcyaxW vt SPECIAL SATURDAY SALE OP Smart Silks and Shower-Proof Dress Stuffs Pifth-Street Annex Pirst Ploor. Special on Block Taffeta 1 23-inch, regular $110 grade Special JZ"7g- ' for. varrl. OC 27-inch, regular $1.25 grade Special Q7f for, yard UL 30-inch, regular $1.25 grade Special OXf" for, yard sJW. Thesc Black Taffetas are the best made in America, and have no equal at the regular pric.es in town. Sale of Suitings 54 end 56-inch Rainproof Suitings, in the fine covert weaves which are dust as well as shower-proof, in all wanted colors. Regular $1.50 grade Special for J I O yard ...S Regular $1.75 grade Special for, Regular $2.00 grade Special for, QJ Regular $2.25 grade Special fr 2Q Regular $250. grade Special for icjrfSiKKBP' SXLE OP ( (Jdjf r-jqSrelry Pieces Jt -Virat Flaer AnaexSlxth Street. 4 l5c SCAUK VIS3 Sc An assortment of Sterling Silver Scarf Fins in French gray and oxidized finish, comprising a variety of bead designs Our 15c Tr value IjADIES FOB CHAINS 36c A handsome line of Ladies Fob Chains that wo aro jfoinp to discontinue. These Fobs are fine srold-filled and silver chains with charm and swivel attached. Some of them form- ocp crly sold as high as J3.60; special PKAIIL-TOP SITAAVI PINS 5c. A variety of larsc Pearl Ball-Top Stock or Shawl Pins -Values to 20c: special price.. - In the Realm of House Helps and Harmonious Home Pittings Special far Saturday Fearth Fleer. $SJ59 INDIAN" SHAWLS FOR ONLY 1 8-4,1 Fancy Colored Indian Shawls, made by Pendle ton Woolen Mills: suitable for table covers, slumber robes, porch shawls, etc Zr Regular valuo J5.50: special, each... -v.rvJ Women's Underwear and Hosiery-Specials Fln.t Fleer. 43c VESTS c. Women's White Cotton Vests with high neck anJ long sleeves, in the .medium weight, suited for present and early Summer wear' A regular 45c value; special for Saturday at tte CHILDREN'S 39c HOSIERY 12Je PAIR Children's Finc-RJbbcd Hose In black cotton, seamless and with double knees and heels. A grand value at 20c the pair; special for Saturday only at l2Kc BOYS JWe HOSE AT 32VaC PAIR Boys' Heavy Cotton Hose: double-ribbed and seamless and with double knees. Insuring added wear. Splendid values at tho regular price ot 20c pair; special for Saturday. I34c WOMEN'S 35c HOSIERY AT 38c PAIR Women's Fine Black Lisle Hose lace lisle), with finished feet, as above. Excellent 25c values at, the pair Kc Last Day of the Sale of Boys' School Waists Saturday 5o to c WAISTS FOR 3e These In "Mother's Friend" and blouse styles wonderful values. 75c AND SSc WAISTS FOR -c Choose from a splendid assortment of the "Mother's Friend," "FauBtlcror" and blouse styles. WAISTS WORTH FROM $!. TO SI.7S AT We These arc in tho dressier styles, for social or church functions, or when "company" calls. There are white "FauntleroyK." pretty piques with sailor collars, laundered percales, etc, in blouse and "Mother's Friend styles. VANDEBBILT A PRISONER Detained in Italian Town for Injur ing Boy "With Attto. FLORENCE. Italy, Feb. 21 W. K. Van derbllt Is detained at Pontedera. a town of inhabitants on the road to Pisa, having had an automobile accident. A boy was hurt, pat not seriously. Murine Eye Xemri Cur Bye; MiVm WtaTt IT? Btrsa. Ze rata; DMM'tasaart. Of Purse Interest to Housekeepers Third Fleer. NOTE THESE SAVINGS: Ne. 8 Cper Batten Wash Boilers, each 7Sc Celaaifeni 11-inch size 13c Paadlar Pbbd 3-quart size, each 9c Sbhcc Paaa 3-quart size, each 13c CesTee Pet 2-quart size, each ;i3c Tea Kettle With copper sides and bottom.. 33c Fleer Slftcnt each 13c Krr rm 10-inch size, each 18c Ires Spider each ..... 33c CRAY ENAMELED WARE. Tea Kettle Ne. S; each 93c Lip red Kettles 3-quart size, each ..' 19c Milk Paaa 2-quart size; each 13e DIh Pama 16-quart size, each Mc Sbhcc Pau Covered, each .................33c Waik BbbIbb each 33c Cetered Chamber Pa I la each 79c Srrvb Braahe White fibre, each 8c Clialr Seat each... ....Se Cletke Basket Oval shape, each.... 43c Rhzt Beaten each 13c LTarrc! Roller each 9e uub Ma eacn 4e Clothe WriBxcra Guaranteed, each Clethea Hempen A large assortment of Fancy Clothes Hampers at extra special prices. Portland's Great "Style Store" wVccording to the Unbroken Custom of Years) ShSws the Swell Novelties First! Grand Salons Second Ploor. vaincd the reputation years ago o style leaders and absolute dictators o correct fashions, and each season has seen us reach higher and higher, until today we are recognized throughout all the great Western Country as the foremost store west of Chicago for high class novelties in women's correct attire. "We offer today: A Special Presenta- ioc nr tion of New Suits at PO Ql Ivl An out-of-the-ordinary collection of Suits to he offered at these popular prices. Really beautiful lines, and, in the opinion of all who see them, they are Suits that would easily sell for more. A Swagger Group of Suits at $25.00 Handsome jacket models of granite cloth, in dainty, modest yet strik ing " twilight grays" with mannish coat collars of moire. Jacket is embellished with strappings, is lined throughout with taffeta, and has leg-p '-mutton sleeves. The gored, circular skirt is plaited down front and back and trimmed in strap effects. iO'S Ofl A matchless value at . p iJ JJ A Stunning Convention of Suits at $35.00 Modest but "natty" Homespuns, made on the blouse-jacket models and lined throughout with white taffeta. French Flannel effects, in light stripes and invisible checks. The white taffeta vests are trimmed with sea-green braids and dainty laces. Jacket trimmed with fancy cut-metal buttons. The leg-o '-mutton sleeves have turn back cuffs. Skirts cut in round length, with umbrella flare, and are 15 gored. Late Arrivals -Swagger "Combination Suits" This house the first to show these stunningly smart favorites of Fashion. The new " Combination" Suits are a novelty, but not one of the questionable sort. These Suits have a jannty Eton Jacket of beautiful silk in the plain shades of helios, "Alice" blues, greens and other favored shades, with, skirts of imported Panamas and fancy woolen materials in tho extreme new plaid and check effects, shadow and smoke plaids and French flannel effects so much in vogne with style arbiters of 1906. "Waists are trimmed in materials to match skirts, with laces and dainty, fancy braids. Other suits in the same family have box coats in the same beautiful colorings with plaided skirts to match. These bewitching suits are well worth a visit from every lover of correct garb for smartly dressed women. SATURDAY'S MILLINERY SPECIALS. A Sensational Sale of lfs Women's $3.50 Hats A drastic, decided clean-sweep of our ready-to-wear Felt Hats. All smart, dressy shapes, attractively trimmed with wings, novelty buttons and quills. In all wanted col orings. Just the Hat for present and Spring wearing. Values from $2J50 to $3.50 none under the former figure, many worth and selling for the latter. To rid the counters of them to double-quick music while they I ff last take your choice for. .S "V- SPEOIALS FOR CHILDREN. , BBS Pelt Sailors Worth $ 1 .50 to $2.50 for 25c Jaunty French Sailors, prettily trimmed with silk ribbon streamers, all colors in the choosing; a splendid Hat for school wear; values from $1.50 to $2.50. OS I"1 Special Saturday at J 50c to $2.50 Tarns for 25c To close A lot of fancy "Tam O'Shanters" for misses' or children's' wear, fetchingly trimmed with quills and ribbon bows; light, pretty colorings that may be worn at beach or country resorts during the coming Summer splendid for present and Autumn O Tf school wear; values from 50c to $2.50, at a choice for THE GREAT STOCK-REDUCING SALE OP Smart Shoes for the Women-Folk DRAWS NEAR THE FINIS. Sixth-Street Annex Pirst Ploor. Some Specials for Saturday $1.79 POR SHOES WORTH TO $4.00. About" 2500 pairs of Women's Fine Shoes, in patent kid or calf, vici kid, box calf, velour calf and gunmetal leathers; patent or kid tops, low or high heels, Goodj-ear welt or hand-turned soles; almost any stj'le you might want is in the lot; values to $4.00. I "7Q Special Sale Price, the pair M 1 J $2.49 POR WOMEN'S SHOES WORTH TO $6.00. 1700 pairs of Women's Finest Grade Shoes. These Shoes are in patent and dull leathers, with Goodyear welt or hand-turned soles; lasts and styles are new and down to date. Don't try to'fonn an opinion of these Shoes without having seen them. Values in jfO X,C ' this lot to $6.00. Special Sale Price, the pair. WOMEN'S SHOES AT $1 DISCOUNT. All Women's Shoes at $5.00 and $6.00 a pair will be sold ftf) at a discount of, a pair. .. 3 m '.KABE VALUES AMONG The New Spring Ribbons FIri Fleer. 49 RIBBONS FOR 25c. A splendid line or fresh, new Ribbons of French Taffeta. 5 Inches wide. In black, -white and all the most popular shades and colors. Also a line of handsome Satin Taffeta Ribbons In all tho -wanted colors. These Ribbons are Just the tiilnp for hair ribbons, girdles and saahca Our 40c value; special at. yard.... 23c More Bargains for Men Special for Saturday, the male shoppers buying: day. Four worth-while values. Sixth-Street Ah Hex Flrat Fleer. MEN'S 3Bc SILK GARTERS 18c. Men's Garters in silk cable webbing Our best 23c value; special, the pair 18c MEN'S 35c WOOL HOSE 15c. A line of Men's Wool Hose in natural gray, ox ford and black Regular value 25c; special, the pair - ........15c MEN'S 81.59 SHIRTS 89c. Men's Stiff-Bosom Shirts, with cuffs attacaed, in new colorings of blue and tan Regular value $1.50; special, each gee MEN'S 1.59 FANCY VESTS 89c A new lino of Men's Fancy Vests, ia pearl white and stray effects Regular x-aluc $1.53; special, each 89c Variety Shop Melange Tempting Special for Saturday 1b the Small AVares Sbobm First Floor. 5c cube Best' Black-Headed Toilet Pins; special ......3c 19c Fancy Silk Ruffled Garter Elastic; special, the yard .....10c 5c Paoer English Pins: sDedal 3c 12c roll Best Quality Toilet Paper; special.... 7c sic Fine All-Bristle Hair Brushes; solid back; special ec 10c cake Wbito Castilo Toilet Soap with ' wash rag; special .......6c 5c cake Williams' Quick and Ea3y Shaving Soap; special 3c 25c tube Dr. Wells' Dental Tooth Paste; special ...15c 33c box Writing Paper in odd initials; special ........18c 10c Holdfast Book and Shawl Strap; special 9c Odd lot of 5c Lead Pencils; special .....3c 15c pack Playing Cards; special. .......-....loc 50c game of "Pit"; special 28C XX ANNEX BARGAIN. Secead Fleer I3cfor "Two-Bit" Laundry Bags Brown Holland Linen Laundry Bags, bound with red tape, "Laundry" stamped I 7r for outlining Regular value 25c....... 1