urn ma VOL. XLV.- NO. 14,044. POBTLAIfD, OREGON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1905. PRICE FIVE CENTS. DEATH STRUGGLE M IN RUSSIA Durnovo Starts on Pol icy of Reaction. SUFFRAGE IS NOT UNIVERSAL Labor Meetings Are Dispersed and Troops Everywhere. WITTE AGAINST NEW POLICY Says He Prefers Resignation to Re pression .Reds "Will Proclaim New Government General Strike Is Agitated. 'EW GOVERN.MKT PLANNED. ST. PETERSBURG. Monday, via Eyfltkuhnrn. Dec 12. (Special.) The revolutionary committee Is de bating the expediency of proclaiming a new government before the Russian new year (January 13). The plan Include a passive attitude by the army, leaving the government without 'military support with which to face arms and bombs In the hands of the strikers. It Is reported that scores of In fernal machines have already been prepared. ST. PETERSBURG, Sunday. Dec. ID. (Via Eydtkuhnen. East Prussia. Dec 31.) It is ltarned on high authority that the government has Anally de cided against universal suffrage and practically In favor of the old project of 21 workmen representatives and the extension of the ballot to the small .-ont-payers. merchants and the edu caled classes. However, the law must still pates the Council of the Empire and receive Imperial approval. If the decision Is upheld. It Is apt to end all question of the support of the Zemstvo ists. , The railroad men claim they have been Informed that several sections of the Southwestern systcmn have already responded to the appeal for a general strike. Cooler heads, however, are ad vlsing against precipitate action, which might result In failure, and urg ing a postponement of action until the organizations throughout the country have been consulted. Reaction Alienates Liberals. It is believed that, if the attempt at reaction is persisted In. the Moderate Liberals, who are disgusted with the tactics of the revolutionists, fearing anarchy, and arc Inclined to support the government, will surely be driven back into the camp of the extremists. i-remier v uie s iricnus declare em phatically that he has never been in favor of armed repression and they In timate strongly that the arrest of the strike leaders must be charged to In terlor Minister Durnovo, who Insisted the he had proof which could be es tabllshed in the courts that M. Krusta leff was planning an armed revolution and that, besides attempting to subvert the government, he had attacked its credit in circulars advising the work men and peasants to withdraw heir funds from he savings banks. Nowihsanding his, doub is expressed as o whether M. Durnovo can estab lish his case, as the specific lawmak ing agitation for political strikes which interfere with the rhlltJUids. telegraphs, posts, etc, a criminal of fense has not yet been promulgated. It Is expected, however, that the law will be promulgated before the end of the week. when. It is said, the govern ment can probably allay the influence of the agitators. Death Struggle at Hand. It is understood that General Dedu lin. Prefect of St. Petersburg, has re fused to carry out M. Durnovo's or tiers: that he has resigned and that he has been succeeded by Baron de -Meyendorff. commander of Emperor Nicholas bodyguard. A humorous sidelight on the sltua tlon is the action of the cooks, laun "dresses and porters of tho asylum for the Insane in striking and demanding that the chief physician be chosen by the equal, direct and secret ballots of the employee. Printers of the Russ, thechief organ of the liberals, an edition of which was elzed last night, have now struck because the proprietor has refused to pay them for tho time lost during the last strike. Capital Like Military Camp. The fcituatlon is exceedingly ominous. Public opinion Is practically unanl rnous that the government has en tered upon the fatal path of reaction and that Wite's Ministry mus fall Reaction and revolution confront each other in a death struggle. Both Gen era! Trepoff and General Count Igna tieff, according to the popular irapres slon. are being held in reserve to exe cute the programme of repression. It is again said that the entire Cossack strength of 460.000 will be mobilized in a. supreme effort to crush the rcvo lutloaary force. General Parscnsoff bald: "1 think we are coming to rivers-of blood, in which the revolutionary party will lose their game and Russia xier liberty. teraburg- and the events here today eem to Justify this black picture of the future. The capital resembles a great military camp. The patrols everywhere "were doubled, and jjrlm- looklng cannon rumbled through the streets. "What happened smacked strangely of the "old regime. A large workmen's meeting' was dispersed by Cossacks. The building in -which the executlvo committee of the league of Leagues meets 'was surrounded by troops and no noe was permitted to enter it. The Colonel in command re plying to all inquiries. "I have my or ders. At the same time a vast meeting of 'loyalists" "was freely pettaltted, at which speech -were made extolling the Emperor and the government- To cap the climax, the funeral of Lrleutenant-Gcneral Sakharoff, ex-Mln- istcr of War, who was assasniniUedlat Saratoff, December K, nrkk a !-. posing array of vMHury. r-K-etmg all arms of ta service artHtery. horse guards aad. Xt-wMers pawed up the Kexsky friiiptKvtywes whs The rcmnanta the Workmen's Council, with delegates from the Rail road Men's Union and other organiza tions, arc holding a meeting tonight to decide the question of a general strike. If the government deliberately plans a challenge now, it has chWMsfi its time -well, as the fud of the or ganizations arc low and many work men are tired of the strike aJ of star vation. It is understood that when M. Krustaleff was arrested ybfcterdiy, a cash box containing 4B4H was cap tured. Some of the leaders, have laafced themselves into fury and are urging that the government's challenge must be immediately accepted. RED WITH FIRE AND BLOOD BATTLE BETWEEN' LOYAL AND REBEL TROOPS AT HARBIN. Mutineers Driven From Barracks by Fire, Which Spreads Through out City Hundreds Killed. . LONDON. Dec. li The Daily Tele graph this morning prints a continuation of the dispatch from MoJI, Japan, begun yesterday, giving in circumstantial detail accounts by refugees of the sacking and burning of Harbin. Manchuria, by mutin ous Russians, of desperate fighting be tween the mutineers and loyal troops. and of the mans a ere of many innocent Russian and Chinese residents. It says General Madariloff with cav alry used extremely drastic and inhumane methods to' suppress tho mutiny, because he feared the consequences that might result frOHi the spread of the mutiny to' the whole army. In order to compel the mutineers to quit their hiding place, the General rent men to set Are to the barracks and the public buildings. The blaxe spread to all parts of the city and the mutineers, in trying to escape, were slaughtered to the number of 300 by the cavalry. Later the loyal portion of the garrison was called out, but in the confu6lonand disorder the troops fired on each other, it being impossible to distinguish the muti neers from tho loyal soldiers. Then the mutineers dragged out seeral machine guns wnd poured a heavy fire into the cavalry. There was great loss of life. WITTE IS ALMOST HOPELESS Repression May Be Necessary, Then He Will Resign. LONDON. Dec. 12. The correspondent of the Dally Mall at St. Petersburg, in a dispatch dated December 10. by way of Eydtkuhnen, sends an interview with Count Wltte. in which the Premier indi cates that Russia is confronted with the alternative of a revolution or violent co ercion. Though the Count has not aban doned hope, he is not sanguine, and, if forcible repression shall become neces sary he will, according to the correspond ent, resign his task to other hands. Questioned by the correspondent as to the genesis of the revolutionary move ment. Premier Wltte attributed Its rapid development to the grant of autonomy to the universities and the high schools, where the revolutionary forces, hitherto doomed to secrecy, found asylum and sanctuary and absolute freedom of dls cusslon. For. when this freedom became licensed, society still looked on with stolid Indifference. Continuing, Count Wltte said: Czar Gladly Gave Liberty. "On my return from Portsmouth. I found the country In a difficult position, from which there were only two Issues. The problem was thorny and fateful, but after long and careful deliberation the Emperor, who needed no persuasion, act ed on his own initiative and. never doubt ing that be could build upon the moral courage and the political good sense of the majority of his subjects, took the course of issuing hip manifesto of October 80. not only with alacrity but with pleas ure. "Clearly, the vast changes which the manifesto heralded required time 'and pa tience to carry out. but what happened was utterly unexpected. Sections of the community nay. whole classes went to work systematically to annihilate their own means of livelihood and to ruin themselves and the whole nation. Social Instincts seemed to have been atrophied. Instead of uniting to preserve order, the people quarreled among themselves aad attacked the government. Revolutionists Alone Are "Wise. "The only people who acted In their own interests were the revolutionists. They knew what they wanted. They chose the most effective means to attain it, and they are capable of adopting these means, even at the price of heavy sacri fices. The revolutionists hide all their quarrels and animosities and act togeth er for The end they have in view, which spells destruction. Out of the resultant chaos, they promise a new world and an earthly paradise." After alu4as that the manifesto had WELCOME HOME THE ARCHBISHOP Delegation of Clergy and Laity Goes to Goble to Greet Him. TELLS OF JOURNEY ABROAD b 9fcrlbcs tltc Pope as si Great, Kind, Sfj-npatheUc Man, tho Most' xamcriy Jiu ji&s Ever Seen or Known. "The reception in honor of Areh Mip? Christie will be held In the Armory r.ext Sunday afternoon at 2:30 o'cmcIc There will be an excellent la steal programme, rpesche and a h refnre by Archbishop Christie. At tKfct time he will be presented with a purse by the clergy and laity. More than J 2000 has now been raised tor this fund. Upon his return from Rome last night. Archbishop Alexander Christie, of the di ocese of Oregon, was welcomed by his ; parishioners with hearty cordiality, and ctrreraony oeaiuog one or. nis mgn. ecclesiastical position. A delegation of SI Catholics, renresentimr both the priesthood and the laity, met him at Goble, where he entered the state, and accompanied him to Portland. Others were waiting to greet him at the Union Depot, and the entire party went to the cathedral at Fifteenth and Davis streets, where a short service was held. Archbishop Christie is one of the most popular and Influential churchmen In the West, and during his absence since Oc tober 15, has been much missed by his co workers In Portland. His Journey to Rome was for the purpose of reporting the condition of , his diocese to the Pope as is required of every archbishop once In ten years. That the message of Arch bishop Christie, as well as he himself, found favor In the eyes of Pius X, was shown by the presentation to him of a beautiful silver-gilt dborlum on the day following his first audience. An Indefatigable Worker. It la as an Indefatigable worker that Archbishop Christie is known la Portland, and one or htjj first messages upon his return last, night was that he came back refreshed and strengthened and ready to take up his labors with renewed energy. The Immediate task before him is the erection of a handsome cathedral in Port land. This he admitted last night. "We have been planning for this edifice for a Jong time." he said. "Now we are in a ARCKBkfHOr CMKKTXE AB A position te take more detail te -action, and we hope to kave a Hsaacst cathedral at no far distant lime. JrVXlIe abroad I saw a be&atlful structure after which ours will be modeled." He did not state to what edtaee he referred. The special car which left Portland at i:3i yesterday to meet the arch Is 5 siop was made up of the following prtart ted laymen: Fathers McDevitt. Cestelli, Curley, Quinlan. Tillman. Black. Murphy. Dalyv Hughes- and Broffeau, and Dr. F. J. Barr, D. F". Campbell. F. IL Fogarty. AV. E- Coraan. M. F. Brady. William Harder. John Kelly. A. F Velguth. J E. -Courtney, John B. Coffey, B. J- Dreseer. Joseph Nledermeyer. John Manning-. - Ambrose CroainvP. E. Sullivan. Joseph Jacob bcrger,jJ. P.- Kavaaaagli. J. F Cronln. Lansing Stout. John, O'Hare. John Dria coll. Dr. Coughlln. Frank Wascher, Joseph Healy, J. P. McEatee. F. Deery. E. M. Branalclc Frank Dooley, J. M. Gcarln. D. J. Malarkey. M- Foeller, F. Dresser. J. N. Casey, E. J. Altstock. D. Kellaher, Frank Sianott, E- J. Sharkey, S- Collins. J. T. McDonnell. P. J. Gor man. IL E. Edwards and John Sher lock. . Greet tins Archbishop. When the party reached Goblo at 5:40 the car was Immediately coupled onto the Incoming train. . Tethers Black. -McDevitt. Hughes .and Murphy went into the forwartTcar. and after giving the archb!nbp the first words of greeting, escorted him to whero the remainder of the delegation awaited him. When he saw the large number of friends whohad come to welcome him he was quite astounded. - "This is Indeed a surprise,- he said. I had heard that a committee was coming to meet me, but had expected only a few. He was greeted with a burst 'of ap plause, and as the men stood with bared heads he passed through the car with a hearty handclasp and cordial words for each. When be reached J. M. Gearln he addressed him as the next United State Senator, .to which there was a general cheering and cries of approval. Relates Incidents of Trip. All the way to Portland the men upon the car crowded around the arc'i- blshop. while he related Incidents of tils trip and Impressions which he had gained of Europe. The beautiful cl borluza which was presented to him by the Pope was passed around and great ly admired. It Is a costly and massive vessel of silver, with gold Interior, wrought In Roman style with rich de signs. Within the top of the cup is a plate of gold for the preservation of the sacred bread, which is only con tained in elboriums of the latest de signs. On the exterior is engraved a Latin Inscription, which, when trans lated, reads: "To ourvenerable brother, Alexander Christie, archbishop of Oregon City, whose most shining merly abhati of the church are rpjjwell known to us. we glv as a marked testimony of our benevolence this elborium. From the Vatican Palace, November S. 1905. Pius X, Pope. This gift Is a marked distinction and a -Wgh tribute to Archbishop Christie. It Is not customary for the Pope to make gifts. Noi.e of the visiting pre- (Concluded on rase 4.) FEW XEXBEBS OF THE KBCSPTIOX COMMITTEE THAT WELOOMBB KTM. BREAK IN RINKS OF DEMOCRATS Lamar Reveals Division in the Party for Railroad Rates, .WILLIAMS SILENCES HIM Lamar and Shackleford, ' Cut Off Commerce Committee for Bolt Ingr Caucus Action, Make Tain Protest in House. WASHINGTON. Dec II Williams, the minority leader of the Touse, "stepped on the lid" today Just In time to prevent revelations in the nature of open criticism or the committee assignments of certain of his colleagues, for which he is respon sible. Payne, the Republican leader.nalve ly suggested a way by which the revela tions might be made, but Williams as sumed all responsibility and "declined to allow the washing of Democratic linen for the amusement of the Republicans." The incident followed the announcement of committees. Lamar of Florida submit ted and bad read a newspaper clipping purporting to quote Williams to the effect that Lamar and Shackleford (Missouri) haQ been left off the Interstate and for eign commerce committee because they had failed to follow the Democratic cau cus action of the last session on the rail road rate bill. Speaker Cannon suggest ed that the statement read did not con stitute a question of personal privilege which entitled Lamar to the floor. The gentleman might proceed by unan imous consent." suggested Payne. "How much time does he want an hour?" Williams Enters Objection. It was here that Williams strode for ward from his scat in the rear. He hailed the Speaker with word and gesture, and. when he got his eye, he reserved his right to object only long enough to make th-?. statement that ln the Interest of Demo cratic harmony, fairness and general good will, which will not be promoted by wash ing Democratic linen for the amusement of the Republicanaof' tW ?H-e, Iet- Immediately the et)Mi became hkt- Milntr. Tjimar f - WWmhl' wfen sMd ckc to him. and ch&ge-l-a wHtk laMng the matter into the newspaper. Jtosi ford was on his feet -Mtftty 4mi4mf. to ask a question, and many Democrats ap plauded the stand taken by Williams. Lamar demanded that Williams call a Democratic caucus tomorrow or allow him to proceed. The Speaker wielded his gavel vigorously and declared everybody out of order, and in the midst of the con fusion recognized Payne for a motion to aajewa. which was declared carried, and the ses(ea was over until Wednesday. Before this IncMeat the session had pro ceeded without a hitch. The unaalmous cetueat necessary te Increase the size of the larger committees had been given, and la tMs maaaer the increased membership of the House and Increased Republican represeatattoa had beea provided commit tee places. The. Democrats had lost no committee places, bat had made a gain of one. all or Which Williams had declared satisfactory to the minority. As an in dication of the intention to begin work at once, several of the committees gained peiroloaloB to have printing done and to sit during th esessions of tho House. The session: lasted. 55 minutes. Dalsell presented a resolution amend ing the rules by increasing one member the ways and means, raiaes and mining. irrigation ei arid lands and other com mittees, and. aa Increase of two members on the committee of manufactures, an In crease of three members on Immigration aad naturalization, and creating a new committee of seven raerabers.on expendi tures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Unaalmous consent was asked for tfee Immediate adoption of the resolution. The resolution was agreed to without objection. The four Territorial Dele gates were made members of the com mittee on territories by unanimous consent. Williams Steps on Lid. Lamar, of Florida, submitted a news paper clipping to the Speaker and asked a ruling as to whether he could be recognized on it as a question of personal privilege. The paragraph was read to the -House. It purported to quote the minority leader, Williams, in explanation of leaving Lamar and Shackleford. of Missouri, off the com mittee' on inter-state and foreign com merce, the reason given being that these two members had broken caucus faith at the last session in favoring the Hearst railroad rate bill in prefer ence to the Davey bill, the latter caucus bill. "The chair Is quite clear." the Speak er announced, "that the paragraph read does not present a question of personal privilege." Lamar I am in doubt about it my self, but I desire to stap and debar for ever any possible suggestion that I dd not bring the question up on the floor of the House. Payne the Republican floor leader, suggested that Lamar ask for unani mous consent to proceed. "I will ask It." resnended Lamar. "I would like a square deal." Williams Immediately interposed: "Pending that request arfa reserving the rlsht to object." with emphasis on the word "object," he declared loudly. I wish to say that in the interest of Democratic harmony and effectiveness "at of the general good will that will -s .M"T!f?? y w3B,n' Demo cratic ivtte tsriwe. amusement or tne Rfrputea-y -r-.fmberj 0f the House,! Ta-ere was' mwfi Democratic applause at t)tr4temet. LaqMr Arst aked Williams to With draw his objection, and upon the re (Concluded on Page. .) CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER Tie Weather. TESTERDAF8 Maximum temperature. 33 der.; minimum. 27. Precipitation, none. TODAY'S Cloudy nd threatening trlth slowly rialng temperature. variaDie winds. mostly outneriy. Durrovo'a reactionary policy unites Liberal forces and may precipitate struggle. Page I. Capital swarms with troop, which dlapersa workmen's meeting, rage i. General strike threatened In retaliation. Page 1. Wltte predict repression If order I not re stored, but says he win resign flrsr. Page t. Reds will proclaim new government on New Tear's day. Page 1. Anarchy In Baltic provinces. Page t. Desperate battle with mutineer -at Harbin. Page 1. Foreign. liberal Cabinet takes office in London and Rosebery glvea it support. Page 4. Saltan yields to demands of powers. Page 4. War between Turkey and Persia threatens. Page 4. Natiosal. Democrats ln House disagree on rate ques tion. Page 1. Senate debates Tillman's rate bill and canal appropriation. Page 4. Hitchcock and C E. S. Wood make peace. -Page 7. " - Report, of land Coramlsalonerv Page 4." Committees of House appointed. Page 4 Politics. Parker as Tammany lawyer argues against his own decisions as Judge. Page 5. National committee on publicity oi campaign expenses. Pags 5. Domestic Miss Roosevelt engaged to Representative Longworth. Page 3-- Rcssian exiles arrire at New Tork. Page .'s NahlucXet'Ugntahlp's' crew rescued. but gun boat .Wasp Is la danger. Page Hport. Mrs. Root defends her husband's prize money on bicycle rac by bluffing. Page T. PacMe- Coast. Lani-fraud conspirators had complete outfit for running a state land office. Pagt 1. McKlnley found father rich friend an easy prey. Page 8. Ground broken at Salem for electric road to Portland. Page 6. Idaho woelgrowersr are In session at Weber. Page 6. O. R- Jfc N.. Great Northern and Northern Pacific reach agreement -with Washington Railroad CommMetos. Page 8. CaBimeTclal aad Mariae. Lull In hop market but bo change In values. Page 1. Drouth eaases firmer grain markets at San Fraacisco. Page 1. Wheat closes firm at Chicago. Page IT Uaioa Pacific Is feature' of stock market. Page 17. BrHiih bark Deadrath Castle adrift off Cape Hera, a mesaee te navigation. Page 12. Government mvttes biAa fr hay aad- oats far Ue- Palapptaes. Page 12. rartiaad aa YlcJattr. Catholic clergy asd laity welcome home ArcfcMsp Christie. Page 1. Sfears debate takes place la the Brala la qoiry. Page 1 Finer of Seaator Mitchell takes place this aztaraeea. Page 1ft. Otl reaacry for PerUaaa is arojected. Page 13. Weyerfeesers bay Mr timber belt along Orec'Cafra-Ha-aM xiamata Lake Railroad. Page II. Iaarak oa pMic schools Is Increased. Page Ml Ct-gamaker awpSMid from tsaloa brings ac tisa fvr damages, rtn 1 R. D. feca" aet a candidate far Seaator. Pe . C a dar Is tKe M1cm1 Court. hm J4e Owmm retvra t hear FORGE H OF ME 0FF1CIKLS Land Conspirators Use Safety Paper, OUTFIT LIKE THE LAND OFFICE Desperate Means Taken in the Last-Three Months, " . TOTAL MA REACH $500,000 Puter Said to Have Issued False Cer tificates and1 "Validated Thera by Forgery, or the1- Clerk's Name. SALEM, Or., Dec. 11. (SpeciaLV-More daring- and more extensive forgeries have been discovered In the land-fraud cases, showing that Horace ilcKinley and S" A. D. Puter. having- lost all hope of escap ing the penitentiary, entered upon a scheme of forgery which they could not hope to keep long- from detection, and worked their scheme vigorously and suc cessfully In the last three months. It la thought here that the two land sharps have left the country and will never be seen here again, unless brought back by extradition. It is reported here that McKlnley was last heard of in Japan. Two bundles of forged certificates of sale were received today, one this morn ing disclosing nohtlr.g new except that the signature of ex-Clerk M. X. Cham berlain had been forged, as well as that or. W. H. Odell. The other bundle of certifi cates was received late this afternoon and brought to light new schemes for deception and swindling. Han a -Private Land Office. From the last bunch of papers Clerk G. G. Irown discovered that Pqter not only printed blank forms, of land-sale cer tificates, but printed blank forms of Land-Office receipts, uport "safety" paper exactly fcke that used In the State Land Office. He alao had letterheads lithograph ed in exact duplicate of the letterheads of the Land Office, and procured rubber stamps to All in the blanks in receipts. In other words. Puter provided himself with a complete outfit for running a State Land Office, seal and alll His plan "of procedure was as complete as he could make It. He would Issue forged certifi cates exactly like the genuine ones in date, names and land described. He would then issue receipts showing that the pur chase price had been paid. He wnuld write letters to himself, signing the name of the present clerk. G. G. Brown, stating that the certificates are valid and In good standing-, that payments have been made as shown by receipts, and that deeds will be issued when final payment has been made and the certificates returned. Three Names Arc Forged. Puter did not need any State Land Office help to transact his business. He went In on a large scale, and a few hun dred dollars spent In printing, having seals made, etc was a small affair in comparison. He or some one of the gang forged the names of Odell. Chamberlain and G. G. Brown with equal facility, and so well that Ahe forgery would not be detected unless looked for with care. The State Land Board, at the request of persons interested, will not disclose the Identity of the latest victim, but he has been apprised of his loss, so that he can take such steps as he may see fit to bring the swindlers to justice. The lands for which certificates were forged are in Crook County, and are owned by the Mouller Land Company,, of Daven port, Iowa. These latest .discoveries almost warrant the assertion that a man cannot be cer tain that he is holding- valid state land sale certificates, unless he knows of his own personal knowledge that they were Issued -from the State Land Office. Tnc swindlers have stopped at no expense that could aid their scheme. Who Printed the False Certlficatcs? How the gang of forgers could Induce seal-makers, lithographers and -printers to furnish the material with which to per petrate this fraud Is a question the State Land Board Is asking. Efforts will be made to locate the persons who have thus been Indirectly parties to the fraud, under circumstances which would at least arouse their suspicion. Today the State Land Board- received forged certificates, held by "Wade H. BIchardson, of Milwaukee, "Wis., and among the certificates were two -bearing" the forged signature of ex-Cleric M. L. Chamber lin. . r r1. It had been supposed that ihe swin dlers - forged- certificates bearing Hlato during1 the. term of GeHenclW K. ii'JeU a clerks but since it sow ("ev.eleps that they also ferged the nam of Odell's successor, it-is probable that they coar ducted much more- extensive game of swindling than had been supposed; The imltatloa of 3f. JU Charaberlln's signature is excellent and und:r ordi nary circumstances It would nave bsen accented by State Lasd Office clerics .as genuine. Ccaaaberlln's writing jvas not as easy to copy as OdtU'H bat the fergers evidently practiced It vntil they could make a signature so near, like the original that only close com parison would show the fraUil- The forgerlea newly dlaeevered are printed oa "Sterling L-ar papft. aad have the gilt saal altaehad; Which Certainly the apg'earaHce o fit, Pe-J ICMctufei hi Past 11 A