s
THE B1QKX1SC OKJEGOiNIAiy, 'iVCISaHiL OCTOBER 31, 1905.
Entered at the PoRtof flee at Portland, Or..
s second-clasa matter.
SUBSCKI1TIOX BATES.'
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
(By Malt or Exprcis.)
Salty and Sunday, per year ...$9.00
Daily and Sunday, elx moniha 5.00
Dally and Sunday, three months...... 2.53
Dally and Sunday, per month 85
Dally without Sunday, per year 7.50
Dally without Sunday, six months 3.00
Dally without Sunday, trree months.... 1.93
Daily without Sunday, per month 63
Sunday, per year . 2.30
Sunday, sir months 1-25
"Sunday, three mosths 63
BY CARRIER.
Dally without Sunday, per week 15
Dally, per week, Sunday Included .20
THE WEEKLY OREGONIAN.
(Issued Every Thursday.)
Weekly, per year 1.30
Weekly, six months "5
Weekly, three months .50
IXOW TO RE3IIT Send potofflce money
order, express order or personal check on
our local bank. Stamps, coin or currency
aro at tho sender's risk.
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vania avenue.
PORTLAND, TUESDAY. OCTOBER 31.
THEIR LAST DUTY TO THE STATE.
A time has come when it is neces
sary to speak. Hitherto The Oregonian
has felt much embarrassment, when it
has tried to approach the subject, lest
one or another should say it was actu
ated by partisan, personal or resent
ful motives. Yet, after all, the Orego
nian feels now that it must speak.
Highest interests of the state, and, to
an extent, of the Northwest, require It.
Senator Mitchell and Representatives
Williamson and Hermann ought to re
sign. With no vengeful feelings toward
them, or toward their friends, but be
cause the interests of the state are to
be served, first of all, The Oregonian
expresses this opinion. They can serve
the state no longer. Not only can they
serve the state no longer,. but they are
obstacles to its service and to its prog
ress. Never again can Ir. Mitchell ap
pear In the Senate. Never again can
Mr. Williamson or Mr. Hermann ap
pear in the House. Mr. Hermann, in
deed, has not yet been put on trial, but
he is under indictment both in Oregon
and at Washington City. In the cir
cumstances, there is but one further
service he can render Oregon resigna
tion of his office. So of Mr. Mitchell
and Mr. Williamson but in greater de
gree; for in their capes the verdict of
Juries is recorded, and. it will stand.
True, these two have appealed on tech
nicalities. But though reversal on the
technical grounds of appeal may be
possible, such reversal will not restore
them. The testimony stands; on that
testimony the juries passed judgment;
and as to the defendants and their ca
reer in Congress there is an end. Not
one of the three -will ever be able to
present himself at the doors of the Cap
itol again. Yet Oregon needs repre
sentatives In Congress, and needs them
in fact, as never before. If the three,
therefore, can possibly recognize any
duty, they must see tliat It is their duty
to resign.
This is said without the least ani
mosity towards either of these fallen
representatives of the state. But it yet
is in order to say that since their pub
lic careers are ended, they should get
out of the way, that others may -be ap
pointed to render the state the service
it needs. It is a critical time in our af-
fairs. The commerce of Oregon, and
largely of the Northwest, faces a crisis.
Work in Congress is necessary, for ob
tainment of means for Improvement of
our channels of commerce. Three of
the four members of the delegation are
worse than useless. Their presence is
obstructive. They are stumbllngrblocks;
they "hold up" the state.
In no -circumstances will "Senator
Mitchell ever appear in the Senate
gain. He has said that he is confident
that the Supreme Court, on the appeal
he makes, will decide in his favor. Not
in the least would it-help him, as a Sen
ator, if it should.- He could not return to
the Senate. Possibly his case might be
sent back for a new trial. But It would
.be sent back on some quiddity or tech
nicality not at all affecting the main
Issue, upon which. the jury gave Its ver
dict. So of Mr. Williamson. Mr. Her
mann's plight is scarcely less serious.
Each and all may, indeed, escape the
direct penaltj' of the law through one
plea or another but neither can ever
appear for Oregon again in the repre
sentative body of the country. Hence
each and every one of them ought to
resign, at once.
The Governor of Oregon then would
appoint a Senator. The Senator would be
a Democrat, but he would serve only
till the next meeting of the Legislature.
There is no issue before the country
that would make the addition of a sin
gle Democratic Senator for so short a
time a menace to a single interest up
held by Republican policy. The Sena
tor appointed by. the Governor would
not be Te-elected; and if he were, it
could only be effected through the will
of the people, who. in any event, are to
decide it.- But. the Senator appointeti-
by the Governor, whoever he might be,
could render service at Washington. It
may as well be admitted, frankly, that
though we do not like Democratic pol
icy, in tne main, yet there are Demo
crats Tvho wish their country well, and
In many ways can render it seryice.
The Representatives could not be ap
pointed by the Governor, but would be
elected by the people. Upon the resig
nation of Williamson and Hermann the
Governor would issue his proclamation
calling- for an election in each of the
districts. Each is so heavily Republi
can that we may suppose Republicans
would be elected. If not. the Demo
crats would he entitled to the Repre
sentatives, anyway.
Oregon has honored- these three men
greatly, in pas years. The only re
maining 'service they can render O.regon
is to .resign. No other act on their
part would be so full of grace, would
show so high regard for the welfare of
the state. They must see, each of the
three, and all of them, that they can
serve the state no further and no more,
except by one final act resignation.
May we hope they will see since their
own official careers are ended that the
state has a right to place men in these
seats who can serve It.
THE AMERICAN AUTOCRACY.
In the United States today there are
two governments. They are engaged in
deadly conflict, and the conflict will not
end until one or the other has been de
stroyed. These two hostile govern
ments are notset up in different terri
torial areas, as were the Federal and
Confederate in the time of the Civi!
War. They have not each a full and
separate complement of officials, as the
.Northerners and Southerners had.
Each of them exercises more or
less power in every community
In the country and the officials
chosen or appointed hi the regular
manner beloncr sometimes to one and
sometimes to the other. One of these
two governments Is that established bv
the Constitution of the United States,
the government of the people bv them
selves and for their own benefit. This
is the political ideal of the Revolution
ary patriots; it was the Ideal which Lin
coln kept steadily before him. The
other government, which Is everywhere
lighting the Constitution and the people,
is an autocracy. This autocracy con
sists of some half dozen men who own
enormous wealth. Their possessions.
taken together, exceed what any corre
sponding number of men have ever be
fore held in any acre or countrv. Thev
have acquired their wealth In various
ways, but always at the expense of the
public. Some have profited bv the nro
hibitive tariff which seizes the money of
me consumer and turns It over dlrectlv
to the autocrat. This" method is a little
more genteel than the way the Shah of
Persia robs his subjects, but not much;
and it comes to the same thing. Two
or three of them have seized uoon the
petroleum deposits of the countrv. not
all at once, but piecemeal. They got
hold of a few wells at first. Then by-
fraud, murder and the connivance of
corrupt courts they dro,ve out other
owners, gradually extending their con
trol. Bargains with the railroads for
rebates gave them a still more power
ful means of crushing competition. The
ultimate result was the most powerful
and profitable monopoly there has ever
been In the world. Coal, iron, copper
ana umber have all contributed lo -n
ate memberships in the American au
tocracy.
The wealth of these half-dozen men
is beyond belief and almost bevond rsii
culation. The income from it exceeds
the. revenues of the constitutional gov
ernment of the United States, and this
income must every year be reinvested.
Thus two results follow. One is that
all the property in the country is rap
Idly falling into the hands of the auto
crats. It must do so by the' simple
process of reinvesting their Income.
The other result is that the income it
self increases in geometrical ratio like
the cost of the nails In the horseshoe
which the man paid for at the rate of
one cent for the- first, two for the sec
ond, and so. on. The control of the
autocrats over the wealth of the coun
try spreads under ground and silently,
like the roots of the knot grass which
has taken possession of a whole field
before the farmer begins to dream that
it is dangerous. The autocracy controls
the railroads of the country. With few
exceptions there is no such thing any
longer in-America as competition be
tween the railroads. They are all
owned by the same men. Why should
they compete? It controls the coal,
the iron, the copper: It is craduallv
getting possession of the land. And the
more it has the more It wants. In
satiably greedy for franchises, the au
tocracy has corrupted -every city gov
ernment In the country to get them for
less than they are worth, and often for
nothing. The Pennsylvania Railrofid
has utterly demoralized the civic life of
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and is
the strong power behind the Philadel
phia grafters. These half-dozen men
-who make up the Standard Oil trust
and one or two more may be compared
with the Grand Ducal rlnir in Russia
They have probably more real power
over tne common people in. America
than the family of the Czar haul in Rus
sia before the revolution began. They
are the high nobility of graft and their
operations are of National extent. Un
der them and in close sympathy with
them there is an inferior order of graft
ers which works in states and larw
cities, just as under the Dukes thpro nro
Viscounts and Barons; and in the same
way this government of grafting wealth
can be followed down from the Nation
to the tate and thence to the small
town and the village. It Is comnlei
highly organized and Incessantly ener
getic.
The autocracy obtains political nower
in-two ways. In the first nlace. it oftn
buys an official -who has been elected by
Its opponents. The bribe the autocracy
can pay largely exceeds the salary the
people will pay in almost everv eav
and the result is that, no matter
whether the autocracy or the teonl
control the election, the outcome is the
same. Their second method of obtain
ing political power Is to carry elections.
This they do through bosses. Bosses
are spoken of vers often as being Re
publican or Democratic Such lan
guage is misleading. They are neither
Republican nor Democratic. Bosses all
belong to the party of the autocracy,
and to no other. They play at being Re
publicans and Democrats to fool the
people in the interests of their masters,
but they are owned soiil and body by
the American Grand Ducal Autocratic
Ring. Through their slaves, the bosses,
the Autocracy keep the people busy
wrangling over irrelevant party Issues
while they gobble up the franchises,
the mines and all the rest of the wealth
of the country. Control of the wealth
gives them control of the Nation. While
they are clinching their grip they let
the people amuse themselves with
making harmless law6, but when one is
proposed which would loosen the tyr
anny of the Autocracy, then it shows
Its teeth and issues an order to lta ser
vants in the Senate to block the way.
The rate bill is such a measure, and the
Senate has received orders from the
Autocracy to defeat iL A fair trial of
strength s on between the people, led
by their President, and the Au'.otracy
over the rate bill. Which wilJ prove the
stronger?
SUPERVISION OF "PRIVATE BANKS
Most people have use In one way or
another for banks. But all should be
on their guard against banks that have
no responsibility, by law, to public au
thorlty.
From the collapse of the Portland
Savings Bank, twelve years ago, which
carried down large part of the earnings
and savings of the hard-working people
of Portland, the city Is but Just now be
ginning to recover. It was a terrible
catastrophe- Most of those who suf
fered by It are dead, or living In pov
erty.
It Is the duty of the state to under
take and to maintain proper supervis
ion and control over private hanks, for
protection of the people. We have In
Oregon no such supervision and control.
The principal private bank of the
state is the bank of Ladd & Tllton, of
Portland. Its manager, returning un
dor oath Its values for taxation, puts
them at $200,531.92. We believe this an
underestimate. We think the bank haa
more or greater responsibility. Doubt
less there is attempt to escape taxa
tion.
Yet the public would do well to be
at all points on its guurd. To secure
the information required, and the conli
dence that will fiuu trom It, there ought
to be a state law requiring rigorous
examination of state banks and annual
report upon them. The people are en
titled to this security. They who have
bitter remembrance of the Portland
savings -wanit couia give many a
"pointer'' on,, this present situation,
which might be useful liow and here
after.
RUSSIA. THE LAND OF FREEDOM.
Thre is good news from Russia. The
Czar has appointed Count WItte Prime
Minister and has promised the people
freedom of the press, the right of as
sembly and the privilege of the writ of
habaes corpus. It Is also said that the
Czar has extended the right of suffrage
and granted real legislative power to
the National Assembly. These appear
to be substantial gains for the Russian
people, and the whole world will re
joice with them in their triumph over
tyranny and wrong; and yet the rejolc
Ing will be tempered by some reflec
tions which cannot be avoided. So far
as known, the taxing power remains
where It has always been In the autO'
craL The power to tax carries with it
the control of the army. Until this
passes over to the National Assembly
all other reforms are lllusorj. What
the Czar gives today he can take away
tomorrow. What Is to hinder him?
These so-called reforms are granted
by the Czar under duress of extreme
danger, and against not only his own
will, but also against the wishes of his
family and the autocratic party. Should
they pacify the people and put an end
to the revolutionary movement, there Is
not the least doubt that they would be
forgotten with all convenient speed and
pass into the Umbo of the Czar's other
promises of the same sort. But It Is
the most unlikely thing in the world
that they will pacify the people. Revo
lution grows upon belated concessions.
Coming only after terror has extorted
them, they teach the people their own
power without exciting gratitude, and
lead only to new and greater demands.
A stern and determined ruler might
possibly put a stop to the revolution in
Russia with the Iron hand. A great
ruler might perhaps direct It into ben
eficent channels by immediately con
voking a National Assembly with uni
versal suffrage. Tardy, reluctant and
piecemeal concessions will only feed the
flame and Increase Its destructive en
ergy. The "Russian revolution Is In
spired by a band of determined and per
sistent men who lack neither ability,
character nor courage. They have pre
pared for it by years of patient propa
gandism. They have wrongs to avenge
and Ideals to attain. The feud between
them and the autocracy Is deep, ancient
and deadly. Each new concession from
th Czar Is to them a new proof of
their power. It does not mollify them;
on the contrary, it excites them to fur
ther efforts.
The Russian army Is drawn from the
people, and In the long run It will sym
pathize with the people, but the crust
of discipline Is thick, and before it is
broken through Count Witte may have
devised some way to restore tranquil
lity to his country. If he can trans
form revolution into peaceful progress,
he will do more than now seems possi
ble. But it is the prerogative of genius
to ao tne impossible, and, whether he
deserves It or not. Count Witte has the
reputation of being a genius.
THE PRODIGAL SUN.
Sir Robert Ball, the Irish astronomer.
recently spoke before an audience at
Bishop Gate Institute upon the sun, and
of ' the tremendous prodigality with
wnicn it amuses its heaL In this pro
cess, according to this astronomer, the
sun grows smaller by sixteen Inches
every twenty-rour hours a shrinkage
In solar values which appalled his audi
tors until he made haste to add that,
even at this rate of shrinkage in
the great luminary would probablv iast
a few million years longer.
Proceeding further to calm th
of his hearers. Sir Robert explained
that the sun ten million years aeo was
nearly a million times wider than It Is
at present. Coming down to the ordi
nary things of life to illustrate his
statement, he cited the fact that a red
hot poker is wider than a cold or von
a cooler one, and added that the fric
tion produced by the contraction of par
ticles due to the coollnjr process- n re
duced a return (in heat equal to the
constant uunimg oi ouu.wu globes of
coal the size of our planet.
Imagination's utmost stretch dia
away In wonder and confusion before
such statements as this. And when tn
It Is added the theory that radium ex
ists In the sun in the same proportion
that it exists- In the earth, all fear, all
individual apprehension. Is lost, since
then. Instead of the paltry 24.ooo.ofw
years given as the life of the sun, be
cause of combustion and friction, there
Is an assurance that it will warm and
make productive the earth for 1,000,000,
000 years, by which time mo?t of us will
be beyond the reach or need of solar
energy.
In dealing with -'or contemplation of
these mighty forces of the universe, the
ego In man shrinks and shrivels; all of
his schemes and plans for himself, hla
assumption of superiority to the forces
around him, dwindles, and the question
"What is man that thou art mindful of
him?" assumes new significance.
It has been just about one month
Since thf nllntc 1rId thlr t
foot embargo on the Columbia River.
feincc their ultimatum as to the depth
of water on the bar, six large steam
ships, drawing from 23.6 feet to 25.7
feet, an average of 24.6 feet, have
crossed out In safety without the slicht
est delay. The last of this fleet of big
carriers, the steamship Oceano, crossed
out over one and one-half hours after
high tide yesterday with a draft of 25
leet. These facts offer pretty conclu
sive evidence as to who was right and
who was wrong in the controversy over
tne depth or water on the bar, and the
next time the timid pilots at Astoria
attempt to blacken the name of the port
by placing it on a twenty-four-foot
hasis, there will be sufficient pressure
Drought to bear to make even the pres
ent Pilot Commission do its duty. The
soundings made by the pilots Sunday,
of course, disclosed more water than It
was expected would be found by them.
As fifteen feet seems to be the deepest
water that some of them can find. It Is
strange that they went on record for
any greater depth.
The International Association of Sail-ing-Shlp
Owners, known bv more
enterprising steamship owners as the
.amalgamated Association of Fossilized
Barnacles, will kindly sit up and take
notice. Tramp steamships which make
no discrimination whatever against
Portland are going without delay from
Portland to the sea at a grenter draft
than was ever registered by the ancient
"windjammers" whose ancient owners
Insist they shall receive Is 3d more from
Portland than from Puget Sound. The
Ignorant Southern ladles who are still
knitting socks for the soldiers in the
belief that the Civil War is still on are
up to date compared with the ship
owner who does not know that shipping
no longer experiences delay or is bur
dened with excessive port charges at
Portland.
Mr. Joaquin Hernandez, a Spanish
bullfighter, was fatally gored during a
bullfight at the City of Mexico j-ester-day.
Dispatches conveying the news
stated that the damage was done bv
the third bull. This would Indicate that
Joaquin had dispatched a couple of
bulls prior to getting what most bull
fighters are supposed to be looking for.
This was an unequal and unfair con
test, and shows quite clearly that the
two early performers were not given
the opportunity that was due them.
When brute is pitted against brute, no
favors should be shown, and to even
up matters at the next contest it would
be only fair that one bull should kill
two fighters.
Here Is precisely what President
Roosevelt said in his message to Con
gress last December on the miAcflnn
of railway rate regulation:
The Interstate Commerce Commiiwlon ah a u Id
be vented with the power, where a siren rate
ha been challenged and after full hearing
found to be unreasonable, to decide, subject
to Judicial review, what shall be a reason
aWe rate to take" its plate; the ruling of the
eomtnlKslAa to laVe effect imnv.iin.i,. j .
obtain uale and until It Is reversed by the
wiu i a. rrvieir.
Can any of the Forakers.
or any others who are so busy Just now
misrepresenting his attitude point out
when and where the President hno com
anything different?
Commander Eva Ronth nf thn cni..n
Hon Army, seems to have exhausted
her energies in faithful service. As
was her sister, Emma Booth-Tucker,
who was killed in a ralimnri nMom
several years ago, Eva Booth Is frail
of body, but of indefnti
and buoyant spirit. She is the trusted
menu anu guide or tne masses. "Great
ly fatigued and In need of rest," Is the
message that was sent from her bed
side in New York to the multitude In
Baltimore, that gathered Sunday even
ing to hear her speak. The beneficence
of her endeavor extends far beyond the
ranks of the Salvation Army.
Governor MMrt coomc t -i
- UCICi JWIIICU
that the scnln nf Wor.ia., t.-.. t
..u.ub1 ikcs snuii
dangle at his belt, and the charges
which he now,put& forth against the
man In charge of ;he Walla Walla Penl-
tun, it provea, open up tho
way for nlaclmrmKn n mtm-
. ""ici ui new
appointees In good positions. The State
nt 1.1 . ...
. t.tuuuiKiuii wiuiouL.a political row
of good-sized dimensions would be like
the nlav of "HamiPi" witv. Tin.i. t-.
. luiuici ICIL
ouL It is many months before another
nunc uyiiveution win oe held, but the
accumulation or trouble rnr ti, .
goes bravely on.
The clever speculators who mnn Init
iate the Chicago wheat market seem
to discount the future so effectually
that, whenever anvthlnc- having eni.t
bearing on the market actually hap- I
pens, its effect has all been realized on !
through the advance rumors Vfta- I
day morning, while matters were still
at white heat throughout Russia, there
was a slight decline In the Whpat mar
ket, although practically all of the
strength of the past few days had been
attributed to the strained situation in
tne land or the Czar.
Mr. Bohn has hfpn awnHoi jaaa r
introducing Mr. S. A. D
Eastern timber-buyer. In view of the
reputation wmch Mr. Puter carries
around with him. it was probably worth
the money, and Puter should have rec
ognized the fact and paid the money
wnen tne introduction was made.
"The officials In charge of the hosnif-
als, cemeteries and lockups," says an
Odessa dispatch, "are strictly forbidden
to give the slightest Information
Dead men tell no tales, but we know-
there is something doing in Russia.
Under all the circumstances we mnv
be surprised at the pilots' moderation.
They find 21.5 feet at. the Columbia en
trance. And they know Just where they
can go to find much less water.
w... w.. "-i uuiiiv mc .r resident
took unnecessary chances by making
that llttlo run tin Vir. itlnntf. si . .
. . "- nviaiHic v-uuat;
but everybody will agree that he
wasn't born, to be drowned.
Mr. Witte may be the man of the hour
In Russia; but what will become of him
when the hour is over?
"Now the. Czar knows how Jimmy
Hyde felt "when he let go.
- SILHOUETTES
Good-morning! Have you seen Rlner?
a
Bryan has not appeared In the dis
patches for a week. Maybe TI An has
kidnaped him.
From the frequency with which wrecks
arc occurring, it appears that railroading
is becoming almost as dangerous as rno
torlng.
Whenever I see an aged husband and
wife who arc still sweethearts I seemto
hear echoes of old-time lovc-slngs.
Now Is a good time to buy World's Fair
bulidinss for Christmas presents.
The warship conveying President Roosc
veil is reported to have encountered rough
weather off Hat terns; but so eminent, a
rough rider shouldn't mind a little thing
like that.
The young girls will bo looking for the
face In the mirror tonlsht. and small
boys will indulge in hoodlumlsm under
the name of "innocent murth.!' .
.
No wonder, we are afraid of spooks.
The ghost walks so seldom.
When a crank acquires money he be
comes a genius.
Tho blghen criticism cult has discovered
an eleventh commandment. "Thou shalt
not tell."
It would seem that Ensign Wade, of
the Bennington, had been punished
enough. He's already been given a severe
blowing up.
I wonder if the suppression of public
gambling had anything to do with tho
groat increase in the bank clearings -of
the post year?
Patience draws compound interest.
a
What has become of the old-fashioned
man who roforrcd to a well-dressed man
as a dude?
a a a
Newspaper publishers arc like young
women preparing to receive their
"steadies." As soon as their forms are
made up they go to press.
a a a
Dr. House says that many preachers and
physicians exact graft from the under
takers, and blltoTly decries the practice.
Well, arc undertakers any better than
the rest of us, that they should be ex
empt?
a a a
Greatness.
Greatness does not consist of doing
The mighty deeds of history's scrdll.
Evory day to you and me comes some
thing to be done,
That makes as much when the sum Is
told
As the story of war's vain victories old,
By knights in armor and heroes bold.
a a a
Smile a little, sigh a little.
Speak a kindly word.
Try a little sympathy.
Twill be always heard.
Make a fellow creature
Feel you understand.
There's a splendid greatness In the
clasping of a hand.
a a a
Speculation.
Little Jack Horner financed a corner
On the output of Winter wheat.
He got in with some bears
Wo sold him their tares
And now he has no wheat to eaL
v . . .
Shall Charity
t rft St. Vincent's II
Fair
Out rft St. Vincent's Hospital there is
a poor, homeless, friendless girl who
the doctors say will never walk again.
Through no fault of her own she is
hclploss and penniless. She is a French
girl who was' employed nt the Exposl
tlon last Summer and. while escapin;
from n burning lodging-house, suffered
injuries from which she will never re
cover. Her back Is broken and she Is
doomed to live out her days In suffer
lngand Invalidism. She will not die-
soon; perhaps It were better so. but she
will likely live many years before she
Is released from her suffering. She Is
young and thousands of miles from
homo. Sho lived honestly and asked no
favors of the world while she was able
to battle with it. That, however, mat
ters little. She is a fellow creature in
distress. She makes no appeal for aid.
She has prkle. but unless something is
done soon she must become an unwel
come charge upon the grudging bounty
of organized charity. A fund has been
started for her and many with the giv
ing hand have contributed to it; but
thore I not enough and there will not
be unless some other means are taken
God has been very good to us who
live upon the better side of his good
world and it were sheerest Ingratitude
to him and cruulest neglect if wc fall
in our duty to one of the leust of his
little ones.
It occurs to me that the most practi
cable plan for raising a fund to assist
Miss Lou foe t in her need might be to
give a big high-class benefit entertain
ment, say at one of the local theaters
and apply the proceeds toward alle
viating the distress of this poor girl.
Charity suffereth long and is kind: charity
envleth not; charity vaunteth not Itat-If. U
not puffed up. Doth not behave itself un
seemly aeeketh not her own. Is sot eaully
provoked, thlnketh no evil; rejotceth not in
Iniquity.- but rejolceth in the truth; beareth all
thins?, bellevcth all thing, hopeth alt things,
endureth alt things. Charity never falieth.
Fin Corinthians.
ARTHUR A. GREENE.
Eager for the Joke
Lippincott's.
A dark preacher was lost in the happy
selection of his text, which he repeated
in various accents of pleading.
"Oh, bredern, at de las" day dere's
gwlhe to be sheep an' dere's gwine to be
goats. Who's gwine to be de sheep, an
who's gwln to be de goats? Let's all
to to be like de Hi white lambs, bredern.
Shall we be de goats, sisters? Now. we's
gwlne to be de sheep. Who's gwlne to be
de sheep, bredern. an who's gwine to be
de goats? Tak care of youh souls, sis
ters. Remember, dere's gwlne to be goat
and sheen. Who's gwlne to be de sheep
an" who's gwlne to be de goats?"
Just then a solitary Irishman who had
been sitting in the bock of the church,
listening attentively, rose and said:
"Oiil be the goat. Go on; tell us the
Joke, elder. Oiil be the goat."
Big Find of Punic Remains.
London Globe.
The celebrated ruins of El-Kenlssia. In
Tunis, have yielded some most valuable
remains of Punic archeology. There has
been laid bare a Tanlt sanctuary held In
high repute for several centuries before
the Christian era. Besides many sculp
tures, a cellar has been found containing,
among such rubbish as bones and charred
charcoal fragments, more than 6000 Punic
cxvotos. 3000 Carthaginian lamps and 300
vases inclosing coins and statuettes,
carved and painted with fine artistic feel
ing and technical skill. It is now claimed
that the so-called necropolis of Nora is a
Tanlt sanctuary .
THE BUREAUCRACY IN RUSSIA
Boston Transcript.
Apart from tho outcome of the pres
ent crisis to the Russian people, the
great world question today Is whethe
reform In Russia will follow the con
servative principles of the American
Revolution or the radical Ideas of the
French revolution, whether the Inter
nal reforms attained shall give a sub
stantial measure of political freedom
to Russia's suffering millions, or result
In a period of anarchy and bloodshed
heretofore found inevitable to a too
sudden transition ' from despotism to
poutlca? freedom.
The Intimate relations of church and
state perhaps It Is not too much to
describe It as a weldincr of their mate
rial interests and the long-sanctlonad
separation of the people into distinct
classes with different privileges and
rights, are factors of the problem which
arc unknown to our constitutional his
tory. Yet these factors lie at the root
of tho question. From the "Byzantin
Ism" of Russia comes the religious big
otry and social pessimism which form
so marked a characteristic of the Rus
sian ideals and political tendencies;
irom tne caste differences come a;i
tocracy. oligarchy and bureaucracy as
tne political trinity of the Russian
governmental system.
a a a
"A spirit of passive resistance, of
constitutional inertia, is perhaps the
Kreaiesv oostacic to any measure of
political enfranchisement which the
Czar Nicholas may be willlnir to
grant. It is fnot without a basis of
auusiu.ui.iHi incis mat tne reactionary
party claim that the reform parti-
represent but a small minority of tho
Russian nation; it is cquallv true that
tne reactionary party does not repre
sent a majority, because the vast xmn
Jority consists of that unorganized
mass of the Illiterate peasants who
suner silently and acept their present
condition, wnetner better or worse,
with a shrug and a "Nltshevo."
The clergy as a class, side by side
with the nobility, is an influential fac
tor at this crisis.
The Emperor, as head of the church,
has the power to control. Origlnally
the dhurch was organized In Russia
on tne system of the Greek Church,
with a patriarch Instead of a none as
spiritual and temporal head; It was
at first a dependency on the Church of
Constantinople; In 1589 it was made
an independent see under the name of
Patriarchate of Russia. But when
Peter the Great began his strenuous
reforms he set nbout curtailing the
overgrown power of the clertry: he de
clared himself head of the church, and
as such he exercised a strict control
Ho selected the bishops and other high
church dignitaries and sent to the dio
cesan authorities his message advis
ing them to hold an election. Of
course they went through the form of
confirming his appointees, and ho then
approved their choice. But while he
thus kept a strict control over tho ad
ministration of the church, he never
interfered with its ecclesiastical and
theological affairs.
This he turned over to the Holy Synbd
created to superintend the religious af
airs of the empire. The Holy Synod Is
one of the three great colleges or boards
of government of the empire, the Council
of State and the Ruling Senate being the
other two. These, as tho administrative
branches ot government, maintain an or
ganlc stability and are co-ordinate
branches, while the committee of Cabinet
Ministers constitute the executive branch
of government under the Instructions of
the Emperor.
a a
The synod has six ordinary members
and five heads of administrative depart
menta On special occasions the archbish.
ops and bishops of the. provincial dioceses
may be convened. The decisions of the
synod In all matters relating to the Es
tablished Church arc final In ecclostastl
cal and theological questions, but ts ad
ministrative acts, need the sign manual
of the Emperor to give them legal effect.
The Emperor appoints to every church
onice and he can dismiss or transfer even-
church officer. Hence he is In a certain
sense autocratic.
But the real executive of the n-nod is
the procurator-general of trie holy synod.
an onice ot procurator peculiar to Rus
sia. He Is appointed to observe that the
laws are strictly enforced and in judicial
proceedings he has the power to suspend
the execution of a judicial sentence and
report the case to the Imperial Minister
of Justice: he has immediate access to
the Emperor and is not unfittingly called
the "Eye of the Emperor." From his
honest belief in the system of autocracy.
he will prove. It Is likely, a strong barrier
against reforms of any Importance.
The Ruling Senate, established by Pe
ter the Great In 1711. has partly delibera
tive and partly an executive function. It
Is above all the Supreme Court of An
penis of the empire. Its functions are as
fqllows:
1. It Is the supreme tribunal for all ju
dicial cases.
2. Its authority is limited only by the
emperor s authority.
X It Is presided over by the Emperor in
person.
A. The ukases of the Senate are as bind
ing as those of the Emperor, and can only
oe suspended by mm.
3. Every ukase granted by the Emneror
must ne presented to the Senate.
a
The Senate is divided Into eight depart
ments or sections five to hear civil cases:
two for criminal cases, and one to suDer-
mtend tne general affairs of the emDlre.
Each department has a number of govern
ments, or provinces, from which appeals
are made. A two-thirds majority of the
Judges Is necessary: but if no such major
ity is attainable, the case can be sub
mitted to the Senate sitting as committee
of the whole. Decisions are made on
written statements of each party: causes
are not argued publicly In Russia before
either the Senate or any court.
The Senators nre mostly persons of hich
rank, or persons who have filled high posi
tions. But a lawyer of eminence presides
over each department, as representative
of the Emperor, and his signature is nec
essary to give force to Its decisions.
There remains the principal authority of
the' empire, the Council of State. It is
divided Into four departments (1) legisla
tion: (2) civil and church administration:
(3) military and naval; (4) financial. Each
department has its own president and sep
arate sphere of action. The principal
function or this council of the empire is to
examine projects of law presented by the
Ministers, who ex-ofnelo have seats In the
council.
Lastly, the Cabinet Ministers prepare
plans of legislation and the budget: all of
which are carefully considered In the
council. Perhaps no better comparison
can be made than to compare the Russian
Council of State to the English House of
Commons, before whom Cabinet Ministers
present their budget and proposed laws.
It will readily be seen that there is a
system of highly organized government
In Russia; that it covers the entire scope
of governmental activity.
We see that the autocratic authority
can be made to permeate the entire body
politic and ecclesiastic and yet there are
apparently Innumerable practical checks
In the autocratic powers of the Emperor
and a certain co-ordination of the several
branches of government essential to ef
ficient action.
Why Wright Withdraws.
Boston Transript.
According to our Washington advices It
is dissatisfaction with our color scheme
that Is at the bottom of the proposed
withdrawal of Governor-General Luke
Wright from the Philippines. This casts
a new and Interesting light upon the
psychology of racial antipathies among
Southern Democrats, of whom the Governor-General
Is one. The race problerri is
much more comprehensive than wa supposed.
THE JEWISH YEARBOOK
London Cable to New York American.
The active reappearance of Israel Zang
will as propagandlst-In-chief for the
Uganda Zion. and the appearance ot tho
latest edition of the "Jewish Ycar-Book,"
have combined to make the Israelite a
leading topic in the papers. ' Some re
markable facts have been brought out.
It is stated, for example, that notwith
standing the immense Influence of the
race, the total Jewish population of the
world Is but a trifle over 11,000,000. divided
in this way:
Europe 1 r S.7S6.122
Asia 3T.U10
Africa .1S2.432
America 1, 574.02".:
Australasia 17403
Grand total ll.102.3itf
Another segregation shows that in
Greater London, out of a population of
6.3C0.C0O. there are only 13S.S60 Jews; In
the British Isles. 227.166. and in the entire
British possessions. 343.971. Against these
figures stands the interesting fact that
in Greater New York there are nearly
twice as many Jews as in the British
possessions, the figures being 672.776.
.New York. then, stands easily in the
first rank as the home of the Free Jew.
Interesting figures of the Jews in other
cities are as follows:
Lodz (Poland).. IJO.OOtf' Paris 65.-000
Vienna 150,000' ttomo 7,121
Amsterdam .... 60.000; St. Petersburg.. 15,270
Philadelphia ... 75.00O' Madrid k. H0O
Constantinople . 60,000j Dublin 2.700
Berlin 8U52, Jerusalem 41,000
Chicago GO.ooo;
xut mere figures do not convey any
idea of the influence of the Jews, since
the importance of the work they have
done and are doing in the world Is out of
all proportion to their numbers. Putting
aside the great financiers, like the Roths
childs. Sir Samuel Montagu, and the rest,
and disregarding the numerous philan
thropists, of whom the late Sir Moses
Monteflore was a conspicuous example,
the lists of celebrities published In "The
Jewish Year Book" arc full of unusual
interest.
In the world of music we find the
names of Offenbach. John Brahara, Gold
mark, Henry Russell. Dr. Cowan. Men
delssohn, Joseph Maas. Sir Julius Bene
dict. Rubinstein, Joachim and Sir Arthur
Sullivan. The appearance on the list of
this last name, it is believed, will be a
surprise to many people.
The theater has largely attracted tho
genius of the Jew. Judith, Rachel. Sarah
Bernhardt, Ada Menken, Scllna Dolaro.
David James, are among the names in
cluded In the official lists, 'with, among
dramatists, Alfred Sutro. Ludwig Fulda
and D'Ennery.
But there might have been added Ar
thur Collins, the manager of Drury Lane
and many talented English players, in
cluding Miss Julia Nellson, Miss Lily
Hanbury and Lewis Waller. H. J. Byron,
the author of "Our Boys"; Mrs. Keeley.
the famous comic actress, and Halevy.
the French dramatist, each had one Jew
ish parent.
The list of famous Jewish writers is
long and distinguished. Tt includes Sid
ney Lee. the editor of the Dictionary of
National Biography: Israel Gollancz, tho
scholar: Mr. Zangwill. Luclen Wollf.
well known as a political writer under
the name of "Dlplomaticus"; George
Brandes. the Danish critic; Lombroso, the
Italian; Catulle Mendes, the French nov
elist and critic; Jean de Bloch. the Rus
sian writer on war: Vambery. Max Nor
dau, tho late M. Blowltz, and many oth
ers. Sir. F. C. Palgrave. the historian,
was a Jew. as was Baron Reuter, the
founder of the Reuter news service.
Josef Israels, the Dutch painter, was a
Jew; Rosa Bonheur was a Jewess, and
te art tradition is carried on by Solo
mon J. Solomon. Ludwig Mond, the great
chemist, and Sir Felix Semon. rhe phy
sician, are Jews. There have been many
well-known Jewish chessplayers, of whom
Stelnltz is perhaps the most famous
name.
The Jew has been prominent in the re
cent annals of the Tnglish law. Sir
George Jessel, Master of the Rolls, was a
Jew; while another Master of the Rolls.
Sir A. L. Smith, and a Lord Chancellor.
Lord Herschell, had each omr Jewish par
ent. THE ELECTIONS NEXT TUESDAY
Four Governors to Be Chosen May
ors in Many Cities.
NEW YORK, Oct. 30.-Elections will be
held Tuesday, November 7, In seven
states and six of the larger cities. In
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Virginia
and Ohio, a uovernor anu otner state oi
flrprc nri to be chosen and In Pennsyl
vania, Maryland and Nebraska minor
state officers. Judges or Regents of tho
stnti T'niversitv. In New York. Indian
apolis. Louisville. Salt Lake and San
Francisco a Mayor and otner city omcers,
and. in Chicaco. Sanitary Trustees and
Judges are to be voted for.
The Democrats and Populists have fused
in Nebraska, the Republicans and Demo
crats against the. "Union Labor party in
finn FVnneiscn and the Republicans am
other parties against the Democrats ir
Louisville.
In Pennsylvania there has been a mis
cellaneous Indorsement of the Republlcat
and Democratic candidates.
The Prohibitionists have a ticket Ir
Mnsnrhiisotts. Rhodf Island. Pennsylva
nia, Maryland. Ohio. Nebraska. New
Vnrtr Tniii.innnolis and Chicaeo: the So
cialists In Massachusetts, Rhode Island
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Nebraska, Virginia
New York and Ghlcago; the Socialist La
bor party In Massachusetts, Knoae tsiana
rwiir. Tnnvlvftnln Virginia. New Yorl
and Indianapolis; the Municipal Owner-
ship party in ew iorK, anu me aukti
can party in Salt Lake.
Ther are six candidates for Mayor lr
New York, and four In Indianapolis.
Wireless on Railroads.
Washington Star.
Consul Ernest L. Harris, of Chemnitz,
reports that it is contemplated by the Ger-
man government to use wireless telegra
phy to prevent railway collisions. He
writes:
Recent disastrous railway accidents in
Germany will probably lead to the general
Introduction and use of wireless telegra
phy on all the state railways. Two years
ago exhaustive practical experiment?
were commenced ana continuea until re
cently on the military railway leading
from Berlin to Zossen. The telegraph
stations on the route were each fitted up
with a transmitter and receiver, while the
trains were equipped with the same ap-
Daratus. The ordinary teiegrapn wires
along the track were also used to facili
tate the work. The experiments provea
conclusively that the different stations
could at any time communicate with a
train running at full speed and warn it
of impending danger.
The use of wireless teiegrapny in tms
connection would especially safeguard
trains on one-track railways from danger.
It is not expected. that the expense of sup
plying stations and passenger trains witn
the necessary apparatus win De mucn De
yond the budget allowed each year, for
the purpose of repairing old signals and
introducing new appliances and inventions
which have for their aim the protection of
life and limb In railway travel."
Japs, Tribe of Israel.
Indianapolis News.
Are the Japanese the lost ten tribes oi
Israel? The Jewish vvorld revives this
old theory, remarking that it was prob
ably inevitable that they should be sought
in the Japanese in view of the tact that
the museums of Japan contain umerous
engravings purporting to show the land
ing of Jews in Nippon. One of the pic
tures cited Is said to show a procession in
which the ark Is discernible and in which
the. priests wear hats of biblical pattern.
Another depicts Solomon In the act of re
ceiving gifts from the Queen of Sheba,
while and this Is regarded as the most i
conclusive of all the founder of Japan's
dynasty ot 125 emperors bore the same
name (Oaea) as the last King of Israel
(Hoshea), his contemporary.
I