THE aiORXIXG- OREGOXIAX, MONDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1905.
PHASES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OREGON
12
REM IS HE
OF FfiT CUTTLE
Stock Show Proves State to
Be Natural Breeding
Ground.
BALMY DAYS GIVE GROWTH
Expert Judges at Exposition Tell of
Advantages Local Farmers Havo
in Raising Fine Flocks
and Herds.
Last Friday night saw the closing of
the great stock show at the Exposition.
By common consent the greatest collec
tion of thoroughbred stock, of all varie
ties, ever gathered In the Northwest, If
not the greatest of all exhibitions ever
held west of the Mississippi. Judges
seem to agree that in Shorthorn cattle
no similar exhibit had ever been shown.
No one who had made early Inspection
of the stock In their stalls was surprised
at the large proportion of first and sec
ond prizes that went to Oregon exhibit
ors. The Judges were not only experts
of the highest repute in their several
3ineE, but none of them natives of Ore
gon. Bias in favor of local exhibitors
was therefore out of the question. To
what causes then can the preponderance
of Oregon prizewinners be attributed?
.Are they individual or general? Can
the average farmer, stockraiser and
dairyman in Oregon expect either to du
plicate these honors in future years or
by Applying the methods of these prize
winning exhibitors to his own stock to
create so high an average value that the
returns In pocket will more than justify
the necessary Investment to get the
start?
Judges Tell Reason "Why.
Some of the judges dealt with these
questions both publicly and privately,
and many of the Eastern exhibitors have
also made no secret of their conclusions
The summaries of all this Information
are most gratifying to thoBe who have
been doing their best to publish the op
portunities that Oregon offers. Success
ful stockraislng has several requisites,
The first is good sires and mothers to
start from. To know how to get them
demands far more han a balance at the
bank. The purpose for which the flock
or herd Is to be raised mu6t first be
settled, and to this end the fitness of the
special farm, ranch or range for any de
sired breed must be studied. A lesson
will have been learned by all visitors to
the great show who compared the varl
ous individuals in the several exhibits,
and then noted the places where and the
persons by whom they were raised. Some
of the exhibit consisted of fancy stock
shown by men or ladles or associations
possessed of ample means. For such
location Is not all-Important, as money
can create desired conditions of feed and
surroundings. But to the great mass of
the animals exhibited the lesson applies.
Having, then, decided on the stock, the
next question Is whether climate is spe
daily suitable, including in that general
word the relations of weather In all sea'
sons to the health and growth of the
animals to be reared and kept. Here
begins the special fitness of Oregon. The
early maturity of either cattle or sheep
depends on no check to steady and rapid
growth being met. Violent extremes of
heat and cold have to be dealth with so
as to neutralize their effect.
Oregon Has the Climate.
In Oregon they arc absent, and growth
is therefore reduced to the question of
feeding. Natural, as opposed to art!
ficial, foods are produced by our fields
and pasture lands, not only In 'abun
dance, but of excellent quality and
through extended seasons. Dealing, then
with animals for market, the universal
opinion of the experts here appears to
be that the Oregon breeder has exception
al opportunities for both cheap and ef
fective feeding. This verdict Is passed
not only on facilities for rearing exhl
bitlon animals, but on producing cheaply
stock of superior quality at exception
ally early age. What more can any
breeder ask?
Prices Arc Discouraging.
The prices now and for the last year
or two prevailing for market cattle are,
to say the least, discouraging. While
there is talk everywhere of improvement.
there Is no evidence of it. Several Items
printed below enforce this moral. When
good, fat steers, fit for market, realize
on foot only from 2& to 294 cents per
pound, while prices In the butchers'
shops in Portland and in other cities In
Oregon are higher than they were when
similar stock was fetching 3i to 4 cents
per pound, surely this Is an unreason
able and unrighteous condition. There
is no great Inducement here for men to
Invest in costly and well-bred sires and
mothers. It Is far easier to describe the
disease than to suggest a practicable
remedy.
Dairy Industry Will Profit.
Such drawbacks are not present in the
dairy industry. The stock show, and the
subsequent dispersal of a large proportion
of the dairy animals exhibited, will be
of untold advantage. And these opportu
nltles are enlarged, by the discovery, for
discovery it is, that alfalfa can be sue
cessfully grown in Oregon without irrlga.
tlon. This cannot be too often repeated
and enforced. Even If the following re
port from the experiment farm is not
new. It will bear reprinting here, in dem
onstration:
"The yield of alfalfa on a two-acre tract
on the Oregon Agricultural College farm
is 50 per cent heavier than In any year
since the field was first sown to alfalfa
four years ago. Of the three former
crops, the heaviest yield was. In round
figures, 55,000 pounds of green feed, cut
from four crops, equivalent to 9V4 tons of
hay from the two acres.
"The yield this season, in spite of the
general complaint of drouth, is S2,'
pounds of green feed, cut in four crops.
equivalent to 13 tons of hay from the
tow acres. The field is ordinary wheat
land that has been cropped to wheat for
perhaps 40 years. It was sown to alfalfa
in 1901, and has not been treated with
artificial fertilizer. The crops for' the
four years, in green feed, have been as
follows:
Pounds.! Pounds.
1902. 4 crop... 27.142 1804. 4 crops. ...50.07
1903. 4 crops... 55.744 1 1005 82.773
In the present season the cuttings hav
been as follows:
April 19 40.0S0iAususl 25 10.140
May 81 22,0301
July 14 10,3231 Total 82.77
"In spite of the small yield of the first
crop, the average yield In hay at the
usual estimate for the two acres has been
4V4 tons of cured hay per acre, which
shows the vast possibilities for the WI1
lamette Valley when alfalfa shall, as is
certain to be the case, become a leading
crop on what are now mainly wheat
farms. The yield of the two acres this
ear m cured hav was Hi tons ner acre."
Corvallis Times Proves It.
Now if it be objected that the area
treated is only experimental, the follow
ing from the Corvallis Times is directly
in point:
"A carload of steers from the farm of
Dick KIger apd delivered in Portland
Wednesday are. said by Portland dealers
to have been the best lot received from
the Willamette Valley In a long time. -
They made an average weight of 1230
pounds. On account of their extra size
they were shipped to Seattle, which mar
ket, it is said, uses larger beef. Mr. Kiger
avers that the extra quality of the beef Is
due to his alfalfa pasturage, of which he
has now a large amount, thrifty and
green and of vast effectiveness for stock.
Mr. Kiger has 100 acres "of-alfalfa, and
his experience with It has been so satis
factory that next Spring he will seed an
additional 100 acres. He got 2 tons of
hay per acre off of his first crop, and
has literally had more output from the
field than he could well take care of. His
fields lie. In the river bottom, but Mr.
Kiger believes that with some pains any
rdlnary- wheat land will yield a thrifty
and profitable crop of alfalfa."
In confirmation of what is said about
prices of beef cattle, the following Items
are of interest the first two from North
eastern, and the third from Central Ore
gon:
"On a recent trip to The Park, L. D.
Wiley purchased 150 head of cows and
steers on the range, paying J1S for the
cows and $30 for the steers, the cattle to
be delivered In Joseph, to Mr. Wiley.
Joseph Herald."
"A Heppner beef-buyer was on the river
last week In search of cattle. He offered
the Grant Bros. $2.75 per hundred for
their steers delivered In Heppner, but the
offer was declined. The cattle-growers
seem confident of obtaining higher prices
later in the season."
"G. W. Noble. A. J. Noble and Meyer &
Brown, of the Paulina district, turned off
bunch of cattle last week. The Nobles
sold 100 head, and the latter firm a small
bunch to Walt Brown, of Izce. The price
paid for 3 and 4-year-olds was $30. dry
cows bringing $17."
Many Would Buy Mutton.
Sheep, on the contrary, were never more
attractive than now. In even "breed
shown at the Exposition Oregon shone.
Whether In the huge Merinos, Delaines
and Hambouillets from Eastern Oregon,
with their masses of -solid wool of high
grade, or in the symmetrical and well-
grown breeds of mutton and wool sheep
from other parts of the state and espe
cially from Willamette Valley farms It
is no wonder that exhibitors are satis-
fled, aye, proud. It is more than doubt
ful If better Southdowns, Shropshircs,
Oxfords, Hampshires, Dorset or Cots
wolds and Lelcesters .could be got togeth
er for exhibition in their native England.
And early maturity, as well as unchecked
growth, are in plain sight. If every' Ore
gon farmer falls to add a flock of the
kind best adapted to his location, to the
otner money-returning assets of his farm,
it surely will be because he does not ap-
pieciate tne chances he has in his very
hands.
The Wise Will Have Flocks.
hen sheep feed in forage crops of
vetch, rape and clover, and alfalfa can
be raised as surely and easily as they
are being now raised In many counties
or western Oregon, it is fighting Provi
dence not to act, and act promptly.
Many sales are reported from Eastern
Oregon. As a representative note, the
following is printed:
"Aaron Tcmploton bought a band of 1600
ewes last week from William Sweck. of
Hamilton. The price paid was $3.50 per
head. Mr. Templeton is buying for his
own use, and will run these sheep near
tne junction, where he owns one of the
best sheep ranches In the country'."
Principles of co-operation and asso
elation are spreading, even If slowly.
in most of tne Industries connected
with land. The Oregon Woolgrowers
Association is a case in point. The fol
lowing statement by the newly elected
president Is very confidently expressed.
It certainly accords with the convic
lion of various Eastern Oregon wool
raisers. What progress has been made,
in enrolling: members In Western Ore
gon has not yet been made known. Re
sults to be reliable can only follow
from a reasonably general adoption
of the plain indicated. This time alono
can show.
"Sheepmen of Eastern Oregon lost
5350,003. by not waiting- for sales days
this season. The Oregon Woolgrowers
Association will stand by the sales-day
system to the last ditch. It believes In
It, knows the woolgrower will get
nigher and more uniform prices by
waiting until bids are opened on the
official days, and again exhort all rals
ers to support the system, which, if
followed out as intended, woulj have
made Oregon sheepmen worth hundreds
of thousands of dollars more than they
are now. Wc hope that before manv
more seasons, growers will be cducat
ed to the degree of patience and im
buftd with the amount of nerve that
will enable them to stand together."
Statement of policy on the sales-day
system by Robert Keys, of Mitchell,
newly elected president of the Oregon
woolgrowers Association.
Pork Will Make Money.
The money-making' hog -was in every
kind of evidence at the stock show,
The following: note Is printed for th
ake of the alfalfa end of It. By the
way that hogs in Western Oregon ca
oe and are grown to a weight of 240
pounds In a year on pasture and forage
plants, with no other feed than a daily
allowance of separated milk from the
dairy, has seemed to surprise some of
our neighbors from- the corn states.
Moreover, that bacon and ham pro
duced from hogs so reared, with only
a lew weeks on milk feed in the pen
before killing, is as well flavored and
sweet as that from any corn-fed hog
will not be credited by these people
without experiment. But Oregonlans.
many of them, know It.
"Young stock hogs are in great de
mand. Just now, with many farmer
who have a surplus of grain. When rv
brings less than $1 a hundred It is con
sidered good business to feed It to
hogs, especially if one has a field of al
falfa to pasture them on in the Fall."
Golden Grain Brings Joy.
The Eastern Oregon wheat farmers
have no cause to complain this year.
The following, from the Condon Times,
In the heart of the -wheat farms. Is
typical:
"It's a refreshing sight these days to
see the big wheat teams rolling Into
town with their heavy loads of wheat.
From morning to night there are teams
unloading at the warehouses and there
is a decided air of prosperity among
the wheat men as they deliver their
wheat. The ruling price, 60-6Sc. is fal
and the quality of wheat Is good."
From the La Grande Observer w
clip what follows the more readily for
the testimony as to the excellence of
the Turkey red wheat, which will bo
still more widely grown during the
coming season:
"The threshing- season has nearly
closed, there being but a few days of
work left In the neavy wheat-produo
ing section on the Sandridge. The gen
eral yield has been close to the early
estimates. Fields have been Irregular
and the output from Spring-sown grain
ranges from" 15 to 25 bushels to the
SECTION OF COMPLETE GOVERNMENT IRRIGATION CANAL, SHOWING
IS ALWAYS USED ON CURVES.
acre, and for Fall grain from 36 to 40
bushels.
Tne new variety known as the Tur
key rod has been quite extensively
produced and among a good, many of
the farmers it Is considered a first-class
kind for this country. For Fall sowing
Its special quality is that of standing
severe weather and low temperature.
Nearly all fields of this variety have
shown good yields."
Horses at the Fair.
None of the horses exhibited have
been more generally admired than the
German coach horses owned by Crouch
& Son. They seemed novelties to almost
nil Oregonlans. But It seems that they
have had a forerunner hore. Judging
from the following extract from tho
Roseburg Review:
'John Ellison, of Lower Calapoola,
sold ahorse colt, -i months old. to II.
a. warier, oi xaoic nucu, lur inc
sire of his colt is Modcll, the beauti
ful German coach stallion owned by
H. F. Deardorff, of this city. There are
about 40 German coach colts In this
county and everyone is a beauty."
Notice the price $lo0 for a 4 -month-
old colt. It seems as if there would be a
good return to Mr. Deardorff for his
enterpriso Forty colts of this breed
in one locality, from one sire. Is also
noticeable.
FIRE CLAIMS FOREST KING
Monarch of Many Years Destroyed
by Some Careless Hunter.
Waste and destruction indeed have tho
recent forest fires wrought. There Is
something pitiful In the following note:
What Is claimed to be the largest tree
In Southern Oegon was destroyed In re
cent forest fires on Greyback Mountain.
It was a red fir and was over 53 feet In
circumference, and about 17 feet in diam
eter."
Doubtless, the tree In question had out
grown and outlived Its prime. Only those
who are familiar with our pregon forests
can appreciate the majesty of such a
king, as he towers, high In air. a wind
and storm defter through the recent cent
uries. And then, Ignominlously, to take
fire and die, uselessly, through the crim
inal recklessness of some unknown hunter
or prospector.
The Wondllng lumber mills will com
mence running, according to the Eugene
Guard, which says:
"The Guard this afternoon received offi
cial confirmation from Senator R. A.
Booth, manager of the Booth-Kelly Lum
ber Company, that the company's big mill
at Wondllng. at the terminus of the Mo
hawk branch railroad, which has been
Idli for the past three years, has been
ordered placed In condition for operation
as soon as possible.
"W. S. Tapr. who has been employed
by the company at Coburg for some time
past, will have full charge of the plant at
Wendling, and he will begin his work j
there next week. i
"A force of men will begin early next I
week the work of placing the mill in !
shape for operation. It will be at least a '
month before it starts up, as there Is
much preliminary work to do. ;
"Mr. Booth says the Wendling plant, ! strike of copper ore was made recently
when in operation, will employ between j at the Queen of Bronze mine near Ta
250 and 300 men, and If business Improves. kllma which seems to have eclipsed
as expected, a double shift will be put on. j any similar discovery yet made In the
thus employing twice that number." Southern Oregon district. The Queen of
The same conditions appear to be gen- Bronze is the individual property of
eral on the Coast. The Astorian printed, j C L. Tutt, who has been at the mine
a day or two ago, an Interview with A. j since the 15th of the present month
M. Simpson, president and general man- I and who has been directing prospecting
ager of the Simpson Milling Company, j operations in company with Manager
The following extract may be of general I George Carrer. formerly assayer for the
interest. It Is noted that Mr. Simpson Takllma Smelting Company. The dis-
was on hl way back from an inspection
of the various mills of the company:
"The fivi mills operated by his company
are turning out from 400,000 to EOO.O00 feet
of lumber per day, and this will be no
tably Increased when the South Bend
property Is set going again. The uni
versal spirit for Improvement among the
Pacific Coast towns Is responslblo for the
present fair market, and there is no Im-
mediate sign of any abatement, while
the export end or the business is satis-
factory everywhere, and likely to be for
some time to come, the demand in the
Far East being just 'turned flood'Mn the
lumber line
Hot Air Cures Oregon Hops.
A few weeks ago reference was mode
to the proposed expediting of drying of
hops by the forced air process used in
California. The following note from the
Polk County Observes gives the result
of the working of the new plan. If fur
ther experiments justify its use, a great
saving will have been effected:
"J. C. Morrison, manager of the big
Horst hopyaTd, reports the experiment
of drying hops by "the new system of
forced air a success. The system has
been tried in three of the hophpuses, a
kiln having been taken from each house.
This system only requires from 12 to 14'
hours for drying, instead of 20 to 24, the
time required by the old system.
OREGON HAS QUICKSILVER,
COPPER AND NICKEL.
Rich Deposits Arc Being Developed
in Different Sections
of the Stntc.
The Prlneville Journal publishes tho
following: "The preparations for opera
tion of this new Cinnabar furnace have
been very quickly made, and the results
promise so well that still more satisfac
tory developments may be expected from
the working ot the new drier. While
miners arc familiar with the value" of
the native sulphide of mercury', the gen
eral reader may b Informed that this
mineral Is only found and worked to ad
vantage In a few localities The Roths
childs have been the ownurs for many
years of the Spanish mines at Almaden.
whence Europe draws its chief supply of
quicksilver. Mines at New Almaden In
California" have been successfully oper
ated for some years. The mineral Is
found also In Peru. Its successful work
ing In Oregon on any considerable scale
will be a matter of much congratulation.
"Pure, white quicksilver, worth $0 a
flask, flowed from the new Cinnabar fur
nace on Lookout Mountain for a short
time. Wednesday and then operation
were discontinued until, a drier can be
built. A few hours work at the furnace,
which has been undergoing the process of
being "blown In" during the past ten
days, demonstrated two things: that the
ore Is rich with mercury, and that owing
to the excessive amount of moisture
! TChich it contains it will be necessary to
absorb this water before the orp can be
successfully treated In the furnavc built
for the purpose
"About ten tons of ore were burned
Wednesday out of which there was con
densed about 150 pounds of quicksilver. A
large percentage was lost In the tailings
and escape of the gases caused from too
sudden slipping ot the ore down the pitch
of the furnace when the ore matter be
came dry- Otherwise results are highly
satisfactory and construction will begin
at once on a drier so that as little time
as possible will be lost before getting the
maximum dally output from the fur
nace." Southern Oregon Has Copper.
The copper district in Southern Ore
gon Is the scene of the latest discovery
on a large scale. Particulars are given
in the following extract from the
Rogue River Courier. Smelting will be
carried out at the nearby smelter of
the Takllma Smelting Company. That
J company's operations show the rapid
Josephine County. They report that
from July 1 to September 1, two
months, the company , shipped 39 cars
of matte and used In .that time 30 cars
of coke besides quantities of lime rock,
the last-named commodity being se
cured In the vicinity of the mine.
The Courier says: "A magnificent
covery was made in an oia tunnel,
known as the 'old south tunnel a test
of an exposed ore stringer showing a
high percent of copper. An upraise of 15
feet was made from the tunnel and an
enormous body of very high-grade ore
j has been uncovered. The tunnel has a
depth of 200 feet and from the cham
I ber made by the upraise the miners
nave drilled in an ciirecuons tiisiances
j of -10 to 60 feet, as yet finding no walls
in any direction.
"The ore Is of the variety known as
black oxide and full of stringers and
ribbons of native copper, nearly the
pure metal. The ore being oxydixed no
blasting is required and It Is taken
out with picks at the rate of 75 tons
per day."
Douglas County Has Nickel.
A Douglas County paper draws at
tentlor to the exhllbt of "silicate of
nickel" in that county's display at the
Exposition, and describes It as green In
color and looking like corroded cop
per. The mineral In question, which Is
the ore from which nickel Is obtained,
and known as "garnlcrlte." Is both
costly, remarkable and scarce. The
chief source of production Is frpm Nou
mea, In New Caledonia, nnd Island off
the coast of Australia, where the pur
ity of the bed. Interposed between lay
ers of porphyry, is phenomenaL Be
CE3IENT WALLS. CEMEXT LINING
idcs the deposit in Noumea, and that
in Douglas County, the mineral In
question has only been reported from
Jackson County, North Carolina, and
near Malaga, in Spain.
Nickel Is being used more freely
every day, both In art and manufac
tures of Iron and steel. The demand Is
understood to be increasing all the
time. The Douglas County discoveries
should be more fully prospected and
developed.
PEOPLE SHOULD PLANT TREES
Denuded Forest Land Ought to Be
Made Productive Again.
When Mr. PInchot was In Portland at
the Irrigation Congress he made special
reference to the Importance of experi
ments In reproducing forest growth on
lands now denuded of their trees. Even
In Oregon, so rich Intorcst generally, all
know that tree-planting, in the Eastern
districts especially, now bare, may be of
the greatest use. The Irrigation people
must be congratulated on taking up this
matter seriously, as Is shown in the fol
lowing extract from their live and lively
Irrigator.
"The Inigon Fruitgrowers Union meets
Saturday evening at the schoolhouse to
discuss reforestation In all Its phases.
Farmers and fruitgrowers about Irrlgon
are much Interested In the matter, and
It Is predicted that fully 1CO.O0O trees will
be planted this season for windbreaks
alone. The union has spent considerable
time and money In making experiments
of different kinds and in securing opin
ions from forest experts.
"Owing to their rapid growth and hardy
nature. Carolina and Lombardy poplars
arc in great favor. By Irrigation they
are made to grow from 8 to 12 feet the
first year. Some farmers will also plant
walnut and hickory trees every 30 or 40
iect. wnicn win ultimately De a source
of revenue and gradually replace the pop
Jars and locusts. Others owning orch
ards will plant different species of tho
mulberry, which, owing to the absence
of acid In the berries, makes them espe
cially desirable, as birds will not molest
the orchards so long as they can get other
fruits or berries.
MORMONS NOW DIG BEETS
SUGAR WILL SOON BE PLENTI
FUL- AT LA GRANDE.
Reports Show Tlint Oregon Has Fu
ture as Producer of
Sweets.
The La Grande sugar factory is start-
ing up. The Chronicle says as follows
"Beet digging has commenced, and the
first load was brought to the factory
from one of the company's farms by
Garret Topp yesterday morning. New
machinery has been added and the fac
tory has been thoroughly overhauled for
a long run. There are 300) acres of beets
of exceptionally good quality; the est!
mated yield is between 25,000 and 30.000
tons."
The results are just received on the
analysis from the experiment station at
Corvallis of beets grown on. the experi
mental farm at Bend. In Crook County,
carried on -by the Deschutes Irrigation &
Power Company. From the Bend Bui
letln the following Is quoted:
On September b tour typical sugar
beets were dug on the D. I, & P. Co.'s
experiment farm antl. sent to the Oregon
experiment station at Corvallis for analy
sis. These beets were analyzed by the as
slstant chemist. Professor F. E. Edwards.
who reports as follows:
Specific gravity of juice 1.07272
Solids In juice, per cent 17.60
Sugar in juice, per cent 16.00
Sugar In beet, per cent a'. ..15.20
Purity, per cent . 90.S0
"In commenting on the quality of the
beets. Professor Edwards says: This
shows an excellent beet. The beets are
of a good size for sugar producing and of
excellent shape.
"The variety grown on the- farm was
the Klein Wanzlebener sugar beet. They
were planted May 10 and irrigated five
times during the season. The actual yield
Is 10.S tons per acre.
"The yield, though not large, compares
very favorably with the yield In some
districts where the Industry Is estab
lished. In Union County, we are told.
they expect no more than ten tons per
acre this year. At Sugar City, Colo., the
average of 140 beetgrowers Is 11 tons. The
average for the United States In 1305
was S.4 tons. And this first raw year on
the D. L & P. farm within two miles of
Bend the production is 10.6 tons to the
acre.
The figures of the analysis speak for
themselves, confirming a previously ex
pressed opinion -that In Eastern Oregon
there is opportunity for developing the
beet-sugar Industry of exceptional prom-
Ise, premising, of course, that railroad
transportation is provided.
Exnerimentji should be carried rartner
the coming year, and over a far wider
area. Tne lonowmg instructions nave
been Issued by the United States office
at Klamath Falls:
"Persons who received and planted
sugar beet seed last Spring will please
be kind enough to provide a sample and
bring the same to the reclamation office
as soon as convenient.
'The following instructions should be
followed as closely as practicable: A
typical sugar beet may be less than five
pounds average size, or smaller, which
generally produce more sugar than the
larger Irregular shaped ones. Generally
speaking, the best sort of beet should be
nearly triangular in shape, rather flat on
too. tapering uniformly from top to tip.
When collecting samples it Is well to se
lect an average beet from the patch hav
ing Its form as nearly as possible In ac
cordance with the above description ot
a typical beet. Do not select one which
Is set above the ground, but one which
Is well covered and In topping be sure
to remove all leaves to the root. Wrap
the beet in oiled paper to prevent drying
In transit. They will be sent to Wash
ington for analysis and the result secured
during early Winter."
OREGON DESERT SHRINKS
IRRIGATION SPREADS BLOOM
OVER ARID WASTE.
Investigations Show That Dry Lands
in the State Arc
Profitable.
The La Grande Observer reports prog
ress In the promising enterprise for sup
plying power In the Grand Ronde Valley
as follows:
"T. R. Berry, the engineer of the Grand
Ronde Electric Company, with assistants.
has Just returned from the Little Mlnam.
having completed the survey for the ditch
which will be constructed next Summer.
The waters of the Little Mlnam will be
brought over Into Cove Creek, and will
give the company a large and steady
power, which, with the Morgan Lake
power In this city, will place It in a posi
tion to serve this valley with all the
power It will require for many years."
Last week was noticed the evidences of
subterranean water in the great depres
sion In Central Eastern Oregon. Immi
grants In the Silver Lake district this
year had. It was reported, taken up home
steads dependent on the water supply.
which was found In abundance from 10 to
23 feet below the surface. Now the Prine
vllle Review makes the Interesting state
ment, from which we reprint extracts
below:
"Everybody In this valley knows.
though but few realize the value of the
fact that underneath our feet, and only-
six feet from the surface, lies a vast
lake of water. To be sure. It Is not an
open body, but percolates through the
wash gravel just below hardpan with Irre
sistlble force. Those who have dug wells
and cellars In this city and near by can
testify to the purity of the water and Its
quantity, and also to the utter Impossi
bility of keeping it out of the excavations
by the cementing of their walls. Under
any and all conditions the water always
attains its level, breaking down all bar
riers. How deep this stratum of gravel
and water lies no one knows. The Prlne
ville Light & Water Company is tho only-
institution so far to make use of this
subterranean current, which seems to be
Inexhaustible, and Its level of only a
slightly variable depth all the year round.
As to where the fountain-head of all this
water Is. there can only be conjecture.
Some think it lies in the Blue Mountains,
and others favor the idea that it comes
from the desert south of us, while yet
others maintain that it is the outlet for
the surplus waters of the Deschutes. As
the lake has no visible outlet, and yet Is
always moving, the water supposedly
slnks to come out In Crooked River gorge.
30 miles awayy But no matter where It
comes rrom or wnitner it goes, tne supply
Is always here."
jn the earliest maps. In which the
I geography and natural features of Oregon
wcre supposed to be shown, was seen an
enormous area in tne center and south
eastern part of the state which bore the
ominous legend. "Oregon Desert." It is
interesting to observe how. In each sub
sequent publication, this "desert" has
shrunken. It seems now to be applied
only to that special district where the
Silver Lake settlers have gone In to make
their homes. There they report them
selves as growing wheat, barley, alfalfa,
clover and fruit. So, In the next edition
of the map of Oregon It Is to be hoped
that the misused term will go for good.
Notice has been taken of the Important
suit instituted in Umatilla County to de
termine water rights as between upper
and lower riparian owners. Naturally,
the ascertainment of facts by an unpreju
diced officer seemed to be of the first
importance. Attornev- for the plaintiffs
considered that they had a right, under
the law of 1S05, to make the state a par
ty, and called the State Engineer into
action. Judge Ellis, ot Pendleton, thought
this view well taken, and made the order.
The law requires the expense of such sur-
vpvs to h( Inlntlv home hv the narties.
j amj the plaintiffs deposited JI500 as their
preliminary contribution. Now, attorneys
for defendants object to the expense of
the survey, probably $10,000. being charged
on the parties, tney nave raised tne
point that the State Engineer can only
be called Into the field, as a matter of
rlgui, when the Government proposes to
undertake th.e Irrigation. So the matter
Is In court again and up to the Judge, on
a motion to reconsider his first decision.
Such Important Issues are raised In this
suit that it is to be hoped they will be
determined, after full argument, on the
merits of the controversy.
HOW TO MAKE SWEET MEAT
A Good Receipt for Sugar-Curing
Ham and Bacon.
It may be of use to some of the farming
readers to print the following recipe for
home curing of bacon and hams. Some
what more time and trouble Is Involved
than In the usual brine-soaking plan. But
the result Is sure to please the family.
Sugar-cured breakfast bacon and hams,
once obtainable, will be sought for at
the store at higher prices than for the
brine-cured products. After the hog 13
killed hang In the cool for 24 hours.
Then cut It up as usual. Rub each piece
thoroughly with dry salt and place on
slats In the meathouse to drain. Repeat
every other day for ten days, reversing
the pieces on the slats. Then for ten
days longer rub thoroughly each alter
nate day with a mixture composed as
follows: Four-fifths dry salt, one-fifth
In weight of coarse sugar or molasses.
But add a handful of saltpeter to a pail
ful of the mixture, and a handful of juni
per berries. At the end of the 20 days
hang the meat in the smokehouse and
keep a very slow and smoky fire going
for at least three, or better, four weeks.
Use oak or vine maple If obtainable. '
This is Dractlcallv what Is known as the
Essex recipe for sugar-cured bacon and'
ham.
After serious Illness Hood's Sarsaparilla
Imparts the strength and vigor so muoh
needed.
ML FISHING IS G
COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON HAVE
BEGUN TO RUN.
Two Canneries and as Many Cold-
Storage Plants Will Operate
on Lower River.
The Fall fishing on the Columbia has
commenced and promises well, judging
from this note from the Astoria Herald.
"Charles Davis, who is working the
seining grounds of George Kaboth. up
the river, reports an exceptionally good
season for fall fishing. In nine days he
caught eighteen tons of fish. AH the
canneries that are being operated "report
better run of fish than was antl i-
pated."
It Is understood that two or three can
neries and two. possibly three, cold stor
age plants on the Columbia will be oper
ated.
It Is interesting to notice that in a re
cent Interview, Field Superintendent I.
Nelson Wisner. of the U. S. Fish Com
mission, referred to the hatchery In the
Forestry Building at the Lewis and Clark
Exposition, as a regularly equipped Gov
ernment hatchery", where many kinds
were hatched. He enunciates steel heads,
black spotted trout, rainbow trout, gray
lings, and Chinook salmon as having
been hatched, and other varieties as
"handled." The Superintendent tells of
the failure of their operations with Spring
salmon on the Clackamas owing to tht
Interference with the river bed. and the
muddying of the water, caused by the
construction of the Cazndero Dam by thr
Oregon Water Power Company. He
speaks of this as a temporary and un
avoidable difficulty. It is to be hoped
that it will so turn out. since the Clack
amas Hatchery has been one of great Im
portance. The Superintendent refers to
trouble with the residents on the Lower
Rogue River as so seriously interfering
with the hatchery there as to compel its
suspension or abandonment. Is not this
a pre-eminent case where the selfishness
of the few should not be permitted to ob
struct the benefits to the community?
LA GRANDE HAS SOCK FACTORY
Small Plant Does Dig Business in
Eastern Oregon Town.
One of the smuller industries for
which the small towns in Oregon offer
inducements is that referred to by tne
La Grande Observer as follows:
"One of La Grande's most Important
manufacturing Industries, althougn
over two years old" and cHnnot be con
sidered a new one, is the La Grande
Knitting Mills located in the Haworth
building on Adams avenue. This busi
ness for the last year turned out some
thing like 510.000 worth of manufac
tured product of over 2300 garments,
consisting of suits of underwear,
sweaters, blouses, socks, etc. To manu
facture these garments from four to 2)
people are employed in the factory, tho
number fluctuating as the Jeraanl
grows or lessens and on the road are
ten salesmen who either carry theso
garments as side lines or devote their
entire attention to the sale of them.
Fifteen salesmen are on the list but
ten Is the yearly average.
"Of the great number of garments
sold, most of these are of tho very
best, hardly a suit of underwear being
sold under $5."
An Illustration, this, of how even a.
small factory adds to the trade of a
town.
JOHN HYDE'S LITTLE GRAFT
Unnaturalized Briton Worked Census
Bureau for His Own Benefit.
OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash
ington. Sept. 30. John Hyde. late statisti
cian of the Department of Agriculture,
and now a settled subject of King Ed
ward, appears to have been grafting all
the while he was in the Government serv
ice. Before he became statlsician under
Secretary Wilson, he was gathering agri
cultural statistics for the Census Bureau.
But while he was gathering statistics for
the Government he was gathering valua
ble data for private Interests, for which
he must have recleved a neat sum. prolw
ably more than his Government salary,
for In those days Hyde was sending largo
sums of money back to "dear old Lunnon "
for deposit in the Bank of England.
At any rate, when census returns began
to come in, Hyde employed three young
men of his office to spend their evenlrgs
going over agricultural returns, making
up lists of addresses of farmers all oxer
the West, who were resorting to Irriga
tion. These lLsts were transmitted to
William E. Smythe & Co.. publishers of
"Irrigation Age." and proved of great
value to them as an auxiliary mailing list.
The "Irrigation Age" paid Hyde for thes?
names, and Hyde In turn paid the three
trusties who performed the actual work.
These young men had access to the Con
sus Office, by order of Mr. Hyde. It being
supposed they were engaged at Govern
ment work.
Hyde had no right to make private use
of Information which came into his pos
sesion as an official of the Census Office.
The furnishing of these names and ad
dresses to the "Irrigation Age" to? pure
graft, and should have led to Hyde's dis
missal, but it didn't. He had a wonder
ful pull for a subject of King Edward,
for Hyde never became naturalized while
In America. But Hyde has gone, he made
his pile In the Census Office: he made a
bigger pile In the Agricultural Depart
ment, yet Secretary Wilson still has faith
In him.
O. A. C.'s Football Schedule.
CORVALLIS. Or.. Oct. 1. (Special.)
Manager 9tImson has announced the fol
lowing schedule, of football games for the
O. A. C. team:
September 30. at Corvallis. alumni: Oc
tober 7, at Corvallis, Chemawa Training
School; October 14. at Corvallis. Whit
worth College; October 21. at Corvallis.
Washington State College of Pullman; Oc
tober 2S. at Berkeley. Cal.. University ot
California: November 11. at Eugene. Uni
versity of Oregon: November 24. at Cor
vallis, Willamette University; November
30, at Seattle, University of Washington.
Negotiations are pending for a game
with Multnomah Athletic Club, but the
teams have not been agreed to.
To Promote Japanese Commerce.
TOKIO, Oct. 1. (3:30 P. M.) A
joint meeting of the Chambers of Com
merce of the empire was formally
opened hore today In the local Chamber
of Commerce building. The meeting
has .been called to consider the post
bellum development of commerce and
Industry. Today's session adjourned
after sitting a few hours. The Cabinet
Ministers will be Invited to address the
meeting. Forty-nine Chambers oC
Commerce are represented.
LOW-RATE SIDE-TK1T TICKETS.
Holders of Lewis and Clark tickets sold
east of Pocatello, Pocatello or Butte and
the western boundary of Arizona, are en
titled to 15-day one-fare tickets to certain
points on the O. R. & N. Particulars by
asking at Third and Washington streets.
Portland.