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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 4, 1905)
11 THE HORNING- OREGONIAN, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1905. PHASES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OREGON KEEP ACCOUNTS ON THE FARM Detailed Record of Daily Re ceipts and Expenditures a Great Helpa CHECR UP EACH YEAR Careful Bookkeeping wyi Show Ag riculturists Beyond Doubt Just Which Industries Are Prof itable for Them. The season of Ingathering of the results of all Industries connected with land is on us. Predictions and prophecies of short or abundant yields of grain, hops and fruit are now to be brought to the test of experience. So far as recorded, our producers, as a class, should be well satisfied. The chief change In methods indicated to the Western Oregon farmer is, of course, rotation of crops, and devel opment of the stock industry in all its forms. To all our farmers, closer and more accurate account-keeping is of the first necessity. Most of them have rec ords of receipts from sales of the prod vets of farm and orchard and dairy, and from sheen, cattle and hogs. Few of them can tell, If asked, how much it has cost them to bring the things sold to the selling point. Fewer yet could tell how much each field or division of the farm lias cost in cultivation, seeding, harvest ing and preparing for market. But, if they will stop to think it out, it must be plain to them that accurate knowledge on these matters will add greatly to the pleasure as well as to the profit of farm inc. Indispensable to Stockmen. We hear much of the advantage of well-bred, or thoroughbred, stock. This is one of the matters that account-keep inr: vill demonstrate. But results along this line will take several years to bring out. Therefore, the records of facts. since tiic new stock was purchased, are absolutely needed for reliable deductions. Similarly, along the line of rotated crops The farmer must know, past any ques tion, whether he gains or loses by a change which Involves putting half or three-quarters of his farm to now uses and Involves also the surrender of the immediate returns from a large, and so far customary, acreage in weat. He must be able to draw comparison between old ways and new. Thus, It will be a ques tlon with him not only of the increased value of stock raised and sold, of the checks from creamery, cheese factory or condensery. but of the extra fertility from clover, rape and vetch, as Increased by the extra yield of wheat, barley or oats when the clover field Is plowed up and sowf-d once again. Facts Are Needed. Advice is freely given to invest In sheep and goats. Accounts, and only accounts, will test if such advice is sound in the particular case. Also in clearing land Many a farmer would face the cost if he felt assured of the cash-in-pocket re sults of actual experiment, either by him self or his neighbor. Again, every farm cr in Western Oregon whose farm holds a large proportion of timber and brush land should have facts before him, not mere guesses, to determine whether to slash and burn, turn on his sheep and goats, and let time do the rotting and loosening of the stumps and roots, or. If It will pay him to give out contracts for clean clearing in one operation. One suggestion to the farmers' wife along this line. The care of the garden and chicken yard gonerally falls to her lot. If she will keep up an account of the goings out and the returns In her department, she will, at the end of the year, be surprised to sec how large her contribution has been to the cost of housekeeping. 3IANY FACTORIES OPERATE. Towns Throughout State Arc Sites of Prosperous Manufacturing P The advantage to the state of minor Industries distributed widely over its whole area is very great. Far better so than tho concentration In factory towns. Not only because the workers are free from most of the ills of fac tory life generally attendant on crowd ing in congested neighborhoods. There land is scarce and costly; there the life of all the men is colored and stamped with the monotony of the fac tory, and there familios house in too close association. But also because the advantages of good and steady wages, regularly paid at the week's end, makes the surrounding commun lty prosperous, while the Intelligent heads and superintendents of the man ufactures add a distinct tone of wide and lively interest -to the social and in tellectual life of the town. A case in point is that of the tile works at Salem, whore the prosperous conditions are thus described by the Salem Statesman: "The Salom tile factory is now In condition to turn out about $1800 worth of tile every 30 days, and Is doing It. "Mr. J. E. Murphy, proprietor of the Salem tile factory, has Just completed a new kiln. Ho burned the brick him self in the early part of the season, and has been working on It for many weeks. On Friday, when the reporter visited the tile works, the first fire was burning in the "new kiln, and It con tained 8000 six-Inch tiling. The fire man had to be very patient at first, more so with a new kiln than an old one, in order to k.eep the material from cracking. The clay must ho thorough ly died out before the white heat is applied. This applies also to tho burn ing of the tiling, and the art has been learned by Mr. Murphy after 16 years of experience and experimenting, until he is almost certain in his calculations. "The new kiln Is of the Stewart pat ent, the very best and latest. It will burn more tiling than the old-fashioned kilns, and do it -with less fuel. This latter is worth considering, as Mr. Murphy is hurnlng about 600 cords of wood this season. There are two other kilns, both good in their way, but Mr. Murphy intends, in due course of time, to tear them down and erect in their places Stowart kilns In order to still further Increase his out put and cheapen tho process of burn ing. It takes about 65 hours to burn tiling in the Stewart kiln, and con stant attention is demanded, night and day, during this time. "Mr. Murphy turned out last year about 60 carloads of tiling. This sea son's run will . result in the manufac ture of -about 120 carloads. It will be remembered that Mr. Murphy put in a lot of new machinery early in the sea- son, and also built an additional dry house of very large capacity." xne following Item, regarding an other Salem Industry, may be noted: The Salem box factor', at the corner of Miller and South Commercial streets. is growing' to be quite a large concern, an.i it promises to keep on growing. "G. F. Mason, the proprietor, says this factory will need 1.000,006 feet of lum ber for Its operations next year. rVt the present time this factory js very busy with several men working on hop baskets, and It will take about 15 days more to All all the orders tnat have been received. In manufacturing the hop baskets this factory takes tne roujrh lumber and the spools of "wire and does all the finishing work. Every thing is taken from the rough with tne cxoeptlon of the handles, which are purchased In large sacksful, by the thousand. The factory is also making fruit trays and orchard baskets in large numbers this season, and the whole force will soon be needed In this work. They are also turning1 out cots, camp stools' and various other articles fdr the general trade and on orders The nres'ent la much the busiest sea son with the Salem box factory, bur the years of the future will see still larger things." The excelsior mills at Eugene have for several years been in the line of progress. As In every other Industry the success of one Is infallibly followed by competition then the fittest sur vives. The Eugene mill Is exception ally well placed, the source of supply of the soft woods needed from the river bottoms near the city being so close and accessible to the factory. Balm wood has Deen rolling- into the excelsior factory's yards for the past ten days about as fast as It can be handled. Fifteen teams are hauling It in from all directions and besides the 2C00 cords the company has had storeJ at Harrisburg is being shipped in by rail as fast as cars can be obtained to carry it. Two thousand cords cut this year have been contracted for and with that already on hand will make a supply of EM0 cords for the year. Tho capacity of the mill is about seven cords per day and it makes an average of three carloads a week. The demand for the product is not so actie as it ".i as been as there aro too many fac tories In the field, but our factory man ages to keep Its 12 or 15 men em ployed regularly about the rail! which means quite a revenue for the city. Woolen mills are generally success ful In Oregon, and further develop ment of the Industry is ' promised. When 20,000,000 pounds of wool are pro duced in a stato, and not enough wool eh manufactures are sold to balance the S2.300.000 paid out for clothing, and when the greater part of that cloth ing han to be brought 308 miles, after being made of wool transported that same distance to be made up such conditions arc, to say the least of it, peculiar. The Pendleton blankets liavo represented a specialty of excellent quality and in wide demand. It is a satisfaction to know that the manufac ture is to be resumed, after a tempo rary suspension of operations. "After several months' idleness the Pendloton Woolen Mills are once more running, work having been commenced yesterday. "It ivas announced and intended that the mills should open about a month ago, but the shut-down was protracted on account of two electric motors which have been delayed In shipment. The 15 horse-power motor which is used In the picking-house was In stalled yosterday and the other motor which will be used to run the looms will be installed Saturday. "The ecouring department was the only part of the mill opened yosterday but dyeing will commence today and carding Saturdny. Tho looms will be started Just as soon as the motor Is In. running order. "William Welch, formerly of the Al bany -Woolen Mills, who has been In Philadelphia the past few years, has accepted the foremanshlp of the Pon dleton mill and as ho is recognized as one of the best woolen mill men In this country, there Is no doubt that the work turned out by the local mill will be of the finest gradft. "Mr. Welch has been at work In the mill for the past month, -with the aid of a few assistants, putting the ma- . chlnery Into shape and making im provements in different parts of the plant." The above quotation Is from the Pen dleton Tribune. SUGAR INDUSTRY IS GROWING Experiment Proves That Oregon Soil Is Uncqualed for Beet Culture. The manufacture of beet sugar In Ore gon is now confined to the factors at La Grande in Union County. As has been recently noted, an acreage of 3300 in the fine Grande Rondc Valley has sufficed to keep that factory busy. This Industry has been satisfactorily developed in our neighboring State of Idaho. A. Heath, referred to In the fol lowing account, has been rocently stay ing at our Oregon beach, and was Inter view by the Astorian. Mr. Heath Is County Treasurer of Fre mont County, and is also interested In the Idaho Consolidated Sugar Company, of Sugar City, Idaho. In speaking about the general pros perity of the state, he said Idaho was in a flourishing condition and the beet sugar business was in fine shape, there being now three factories in tho state. located at Sugar City, Blackford and Ida ho Falls, and factories building at Nampa and Payette, all practically owned by one company. The factory at Sugar City has a capacity of 600 tons of beets per day. and they expect to handle S0.O00 tons of beets this year. The making of sugar from beets is a -very scientific matter. and just how to save all the sugar has been a serious problem, but this factory Is now Installing the Steffens system at a cost of 5130,000. by which process they win be able to save about 97 per cent of the sugar. Idaho Is especially adapted to the growing of beets, the percentage of sugar running from 14 to 20. We shall probably not be far out In esti mating that 7200 acres of beet land will keep the Sugar City factory busy for a year. The United States Government not long ago issued a bulletin on the ugar beet industry, formulating the conditions most suitable In soli and climate for the plant. These being compared with the conditions existing in Eastern Oregon, justuy the statement that no known dis trict Is more suitable. Experience in tho Grande Ronde confirms this. But In the irrigated and irrigable rejtlons of Middle Eastern and Southeastern Oregon are many tnousand acres of beet land. Exam lnations made in the interest of the Co operative Christian Federation of the 140,000 acres Included In the French Glenn property in Harney County show, on this property alone, about 40.000 acres of land or sugar-beet quality. In the valley of the Malheur and Its tributary streams, and extending through tho whole irrigable region, 200 miles across In an east and west direction, to the foot of the Cascades, land of the special con stituents needed offers Itself in wide acre age. .Nevada, Idaho. California have prosper ous lactones, giving lucrative returns on large capital, and providing employment In each state for hundreds of work people. What possible cause can be sue. gested why Oregon should not share In such advantages, to a still higher degree. than the lack of railroad transport? Ob- vlously, this Is a first requisite in an In dustry depending on the handling or Immense tonnage at cheap rates to secure due profits on the returns. Mexico Is alive to the advantage to a state in the establishment of this Indus try. See the following item: "Los Angeles. Aug. 33. Twenty-five families leave here next week for Mexico, where a colony will be established be tween TIa. Juana and Ensenda. "August Heck, father of the project, owns 15,000 acres of beet-sugar land, and will give five acres to each householder. The Mexican government has promised half the necessary funds to build a beet sugar factory, and a handsome bounty for every pound of sugar." IRBieATION DOES WONDERS DESERT LANDS ARE MADE TO BLOSSOM. Comparison of Actual Cost and Val ues Under Government and Carey Act. Among those projects on which nrork is boing carried out under the Carey Act Is the Columbia Southern Irrigation Com pany. The area proposed for Irrigation Is 27.000 acres; and water Is on 15.000 of that total. We learn that during the last 18 months the company has constructed 25 miles of main canal, 30 feet wide on the bot tom, with a depth of four feet. About 75 miles of lateral ditches have been dug. The source of supply is the Tummalo creek, one of the ' affluents on the west side of the Deschutes. This stream, fed from an ever flowing source In the moun tain side, shares with the main De? chutes river the peculiarity of maintain lng a practically even level. Winter and Summer alike. A noticeable fact is, that In spite of a three-days' haul from Shaaiko. the nearest railroad aoint. settlement on these irrigated lands has followed up the work so fast that buyers of the irrigated lands have been there reven ahead of the water. Recoat visitors to the district exclaim with one accord that the lightning change from arid sage brush and seemingly barren land to the cultivated farm, bringing .forth all for which arrangements are made and seed Is found, verges on the miraculous. The cost to the settlers, under the company's contract, ranges between SM and 315 an acre. To this is added a permanent rental of u for each acre of Irrigated land wntcn sum pays the cost of maintenance and management of the ditches, and for the labor of turning the water on and off the lands In due season. The crops now being harvested on land adjacent to that in this system have been described above, and certainly speak for them selves. The adjoining enterprise of the Deschutes Irrigation Company is on a much larger scale. Undor practically sim ilar conditions as to terms and price to the settlers about 140.000 acres of land Is now settled or is ready for settlement. an outlay of upwards of S3.00 having been, met by the company. Bend Is Headquarters. Bend is the new town, growing like Its own alfalfa plants, in a night, and is the headquarters of the Irrigation com pany. In the absence of a railroad It is a constant source of wonder that men should enter, make homes, and set to work to produce that which needs transportation to And a market, and which is at once so bulky, weighty, and low in value, that It connot possibly stand tne cost of transportation to. and then by, the railroad. It seems as If such cour age bordered on recklessness, in view of the interminable delays which have forever shifted the talked-of railroad from a condition of probability and promise Into one of hope deferred. In Saturday's Oregonian a statement appeared that the iraue of the necessary certificate of compliance with the con ditions of the law, which has to be made by the State Engineer. In ordor to base the issuance of Government patent, had Deen oeiayed. Tne reason clvon was that the State Engineer could not visit the Deschutes country before the middle oi me monui to maKe the necessary examination on the spot. Such delays must De. to say the lease, unfortunate. wnen seniors are waiting for their titles. Comparison of Systems. Comparisons are belnjr drawn between the apparent low cost of the Deschutes Irrigation (J12 an acre average) as con trasted with the 542 an acre, estimated cost of the Government system In the Melheur. Before any deductions are made allowances for the charge of 51 por acre in the Deschutes, In perpetuity, must be figured ouL .ot for all of it, however. xor mis covers also tne cost of main taming the ditches and turning the water off and on. It is understood that the J42 por acre Government charce em braces cost of maintenance for the ten years allowed for the completion of the partial payments by the settlers. Another complication Is thus brought Into the calculation. The questions, brought down to figures, may at last come to these. What is the value of a perpetual rent or ji per acre, less an estimate, say. of 25 cents an acre for the cost of main tenance and operation of the ditches? And. what Is the deduction that should be made from 542 per acre to offset cost of operation and maintenance for ten years? On the same basis as above, of 25 cents per acre, this credit should be somewhat less than 52.S0. Opinions differ as to the value of the 51 per acre rent charge. Each man must settle that for himself. In default of a generally adopted rule. But, whatever ngure Is set, the 512 per acre cost in the Des Chutes must be increased by so much. To make the calculation between values under the two systems exact, of course the comparative worth of the acre of reclaimed land in each must be settled. Probably not much difference exists. Provision of railroad accessible to one or the other district would turn the scale heavily at once. Value of Irrigation. This year demonstrates the worth of irrigated land. The conditions described In tho above account prevail there In the face of general dryness and sparse rain fall. The following Item is from a resident In that semi-arid district. It will bo noticed that a reduction, not a destruction, of tho grain crop is shown. That is about the worst we get In Oregon: "This has been a year of unusual drought, even in the semi-arid districts of the state where the rainfall Is light at all times. During the past Winter very little snow fell and a correspondingly small amount of moisture was stored up In the soil for crops. And It is this state of affairs which has caused tho short crops of the present year. Such years arc unusual, and In fact, extremely rare, and settlers in this portion of the state should not be discouraged. The same conditions prevail In tho old wheat district of Sherman County, whero the shortest crop in ten years is being har vested this year. "Tho drought has been general through out Central Oregon. Old residents of this section of the state say that not in a great many years have they seen so little snow upon the mountains. The Des chutes River, which never rises or falls more than a foot or IS. inches, even dur ing the rainy season, is fully a foot lower this Summer than It has ever been known. to be before. This is caused by the small amount of snow In the mount- alns from which the Deschutes Is fed." New Project in Polk Indenendence. Polk County. Is falling into' line. We see notice of a bold proj ect wherebv springs and a small lake. across the Willamette, among the hills of Marion Counts', are to be utilized. The engineer employed, Mr. Miller, has completed the preliminary survey, ana brings the estimate of cost within the limit of 533.000 proposed. The system Is a gravity system, and the city Is to own the works. MARKED , SALMON CAUGHT. Means Should Be Taken to Open More Breeding Grounds. The following Item Is of much Interest. In view of the known habits of the sal mon In returning to the breeding grounds. where It first began life, or was turned out, a baby fish, to run the gauntlet of Its enemies. The Miller's Sands Fishing Company has taken no less than thirty marked salmon this season, the great majority of which bore the mark of the Chinook hatchery of 1S02. One of these fish weighed 4S pounds, one 41 pounds and several from 25 to 35 pounds each. The small fish weighed IS pounds. They also caught two fish with the Kalama mark and two with the Clackamas mark." To stock the Willamette again, and open hundreds of miles of Its head waters as breeding grounds for salmon, is an undertaking the succes of which it is hard to over-estimate. Again and again step? have been taken to construct fish ladders at the Oregon City falls, and the Winter floods have disabled or destroyed them. The following extract from the Albany Herald will bo read with much interest. The actual presence of the fish In the upper waters Is the only effective demonstration that the falls can be sur mounted by them. The North Santlam j Is an Ideal salmon river, clear, strong, pure, with abundant falls, pools, and t raclds in its lower course, and gravelly valleys at the head through whiph the streams flow quietly. Tho Herald says: "Master Fish Warden H. G. Van Du sen returned last evening from the North Santlam river after spending a couple of days investigating that stream. He is looking for a site for a new hatching station for salmon, and thinks that the North Santlam would offer a good place for this work. Since the Im provements have been made at the falls of the Willamette at Oregon City, Mr. Van Dusen states, the salmon come over the fall? In large numbers and come up the stream and enter the rivers flowing into the Willamette. In former years the salmon have passed over the falls at Oregon City the last of June or early In July, but this was caused by the shallow ness of the ,"UUer below the falls early In the year, and the fish after reaching the falls were compelled to wait until the back water from the Columbia raised the stage of the water below the falls to enable the fish to climb over the rocks to the waters of the upper river. The Improvements made enable the fish to ascend the river when they first reach the falls, and the result Is they come up fully a month earlier and pro ceed to the upper rivers. "In investigating the river at Mill City and Moharoa. he was informed that no salmon had come up this year, but when he came up to Gates he received the information from men who are constantly on the river that the salmon In large numbers had passed up 'early In May and had gone to the upper river far above Detroit. "Mr. Van Dusen states that the reason no one had seen salmon in the Willamette river at this point was that they had all passed here long before anyone had thought of looking for the fish, and that hereafter salmon would be found In the river early In May, and that trolling for salmon would be good sport here next spring. "Mr. Van Dusen will make further In vestigation of the Santlam in a short time, and If the outlook is favorable he will establish a hatchery at some point on the river where salmon eggs may be secured for hatching purposes." DESCHUTES HAS GARDENS. No Fear but That .Newly-Irrigated Land Produce Bountifully. The following description from the Bend Bulletin will serve to allay the fears of those who have been doubting if the new ly-reclalmed land In the Irrigation dis trict of Eastern Oregon will not be dis counted by failures on account of ell mate. Various stories have been circu lated as to the effect of late frosts and storms. Thoreforc, the following account is printed: "The outcome of the crops this season has been a matter of much concern to everyone in and about Bend. Consider able land is being farmed on the "desert" this year, and the soil has been given a fairly good test. A remarkable showing has been made on the new land In many instances, and the results obtained have surprised old residents and convinced newcomers that the country Is all right. "No longer need we fear that grain will not mature here, for the different kinds of small grain have not only rip ened but have filled woll. Such tender vegetables as beans, watermelons and to matoes have grown uninjured by frost on several farms. Marketable beans, cu cumbers, pumpkins, squashes and sweet- corn have already been produced this season. Turnips weighing nine pounds and carrots one pound were pulled as earsly as August 15. Joe Buckholtz dug during July, 1000 pounds of potatoes from six short rows on his farm three miles ast of Bend. Last Wednesday he took to town roasting ears and some tine Hubbard squashes. In his garden may be seen watermelons ten Inches long. "The Sherwood boys have been sell ing large Summer squashes a foot long and on their farm they have a few acres of a very fine side oats. Very flne crops of oats have also been grown on farms near Forked Horn Butte. Much has heen learned from these experiences this season and the successes with various crops have been numerous enough to show that the agricultural possibilities of the country are quite good. "Who says corn will not grow In the Deschutes country? L. D. WIest can con tradict any such statement. Tuesday Mrs. WIest sent a specimen of their roasting ears to The Bulletin office. The ears are of good size and are well filled with perfect kernels. " Dad West's strawberry patch Is now hearing Its second crop this year. The vines arc In full bloom and the berries are beginning to ripen and a fair yield is promised. SIDE LINES THAT PAY. Three Suggestions for Farmers Try Turkeys, Sunflowers, Broomcorn. The turkey Is a very profltable bird to raise. The experience detailed below Is common to all who have not been de terred by the occasional losses of the chicks when but a few days old. During these early times the little ones roust be cared for, and their mothers must not have the chance to lead them out Into tho wet grass. With ordinary precautions, the danger point will soon pass, thence onwards no feathered fowl need less care in feeding, but they are great strayers. In early days in the east counties of England, it was a common sight, through the Fall months, to see a drove of per haps 500 turkeys, spread over the wide wheat stubblefields. A small village boy -was In charge, his wand of office, a slen der stick, ten or twelve feet long, witn a bunch of red flannel strips tied to the end. With this he guided and corrected his feathered flock. The experience quoted below Is that of C E. Macy, of Harrisburg. In Linn County. His flock of turkeys has access to 200 acres of pas ture land, but range over but 50 acres.! Fifteen cows and 25 sheep are grazing on this 50 acres. He does not feed the turkeys anything whatever if ter they are a few weeks old. but lets them find their own living In the pasture, which consists principally of grasshoppers and crickets. As the grasshoppers suck the life from the grass, thus destroying It for the cat tle. It Is figured that the turkeys pay for their living from the time that they are a few weeks old. Last Winter Mr. Macy wintered but five hens and one gobbler; these roosted out and looked out for themselves. Each hen averaged 12 young ones, which are now about 14 weeks old. and like the old ones, roost on a hillside. Mr. Macy will sell his turkeys (dressed) in November, and expects to receive on an average $2.50 apiece. Allowing 25 cents apiece for raising them the first lew weeks and marketing them, there is left 52.25 clear profit apiece, or 5135 from a flock of 60 turkeys. The letter giving these details was printed In the Salem Statesman. Sunflowers in Yamhill. Another experiment on a minor indus try is the following, which appeared in the McMInnville Reporter: "Nearly an acre and a half of sun flowers growing on the Henry Eccleston farm near town will determine the fate of another Important diversity for the farmers of this section. Mr. Eccleston has contracted with a Portland firm for the sale of 50,000 pounds of sunflower seed .every year for three years, if that much can be produced, at a price of 3 cents per pound. Everybody who has a few sunflowers growing because the chickens like the seeds, knows how thrifty they are and what broad, rich faces they pre sent to the sun on his dally round. But the great drawback to raising sunflowers for commercial profit, as with 'the pro ductlon of broomcorn. Is the difficulty of getting them matured and harvested before the rains of Autumn dampen them and cause discoloring or decay. Mr. Ec cleston's venture will be watched with interest. If successful, there will be a market for all that the country will pro duce." Broomcorn Does Well. Several references, however, to the growing of broomcorn show that this year there is every prospect of success. One of the broom factories has received quite a large consignment of Valley grown corn, and speaks very well of It. GOAL IH WESTER! OREGON HEAVY DEPOSITS IN DOUGLAS AND TILLAMOOK. Projected Railways "Will Give Op portunity to Prospect -New Jllnlng Fields. The following item confirms what was said last week as to the prospecting which has beon begun In the Upper Valley of the North Santlam. The Albany Demo crat reports as follows: "A. O. Ayers, of Lacomb came to. town today with some flne samples of coal from the mines of the Lacomb Coal Company. There is a flne body of coal there which promises good results. It Is being developed on a small scale. with the purpose of getting something material out of it as an lndutsry. The quality Is good." For several years the existence of large coal deposits near Elkton. In Douglas County, has been known. Transportation by railroad has been wanting. No serious advance toward opening out and market ing the coal could be made In its ab sence. Here. then. Is one of the first fruits of Mr. Harrlman's long-delayed activity in railroad building. The Rose burg Plalndealer has this to say: "The coal lands of the Umpqua Coal Company are situated at an elevation of 1750 feet above sea level at a point one and one-half miles from the Umpqua Rlvor. A spur from the new line recently surveyed by the Southern Pacific Railway would not only require a couple of miles of track along the comparatively level bottom lands from Elkton to enable the coal company to dump its coal by direct bucket-tram from the mine Into the cars on the spur. This coal bed being 30 miles northwest of RosebUrg and IS miles from Drain, the nearest railroad point. a means of transportation facilities was the great problem to confront the com pany, which,, however, has already been solved by the announcement that the Southern Pacific Company will soon build a branch line into Coos County from Drain to pass within a short distance of this splendid coal property. "The coal lands now comprise about 1000 acres of proven coal land. Four distinct veins are opened, the second vein and fourth being working veins, with indica tions of others yet to be uncovered. "The second vein Is nine feet and five inches with four feet of good coal in the top next the roof, which Is of slate with fire-clay on the floor. "The veins are all in place and lay horizontal. This is the Ideal formation. and Is the only coalfield yet developed in either Oregon or Washington where these conditions prevail. "This coal formation and location is superior to the famous Coos Bay coalfield, and transportation is assured." Mineral Oil and Gas. Another Instance where early pros pect of railroad transportation stimu lates to action is seen In the Nchalem country, to be made accessible by the Portland, Nchalem & Tillamook Rail road, now building. Indications of mln- ral oil have long been known to exist, and are now to be tested. "Drilling for oil in the-Nchalem dis trict has commenced under the dlrec tlon of the Portland Development Com pany. A standard rig drill has been secured and Is said by the manage ment to have commenced boring. It will drill to a depth of 2500 feet, if necessary, to prove the formation This work will command greater at tention than any other oil boring begun In the state, because of the proved coal deposits near the slto of present work and the favorable qil formation found in Nehalem. It will he remembered also that Mai heur County, and the neighborhood of Ontario, have been referred to as pro mising oil fields. Various spasmodic ef. forts have been made, without effective results. Recent reports point to an other oil field on tho French-Glenn ranch, now under option to the Co Operative Christian Federation. Indl cations there are. reported to be very favorable. TEREDOS EAT OYSTERS. Shoalwater. Bay Bcd3 Are Attacked fay the Pest. It has been known that the teredo is a "deadly enemy to the oyster, but news that tho. Shpalwatcr.Bay beds, had been recently invaded by this pest Is of Interest to consumers as well as to . pavement by Hoik Holt is accused of tho owners of the beds and the oyster-! alighting from his buggy yesterday after men. The Astorian learned from the noon, pulling his wife therefrom, and nvstrTnn that th tPr.1oa swarm now, and appear to be attacking not only the native oysters, of Eastern and native stock, but the young growth as welL The paper adds the experi ence of an expert. Interested in the Cal ifornia beds of the Morgan Oyster Company, as well as in those of that company in Shoalwater Bay. Mr. Doane stats as follows: "He Is of the opinion that a largo percentage of the present crop has al ready been ruined by the pest, and that much of the seed has also been de stroyed. The majority of the growers, he believes, do not appreciate the havoc already wrought. "Mn Doane has had an experience with the teredo on the company's Cali fornia beds, and does not relish a rep etition. There, he says, it became nec essary to hire Japanese to gather tha toredo spat,, the same as oyster seed is gathered, in order to effectually check the ravages of tne pest, and once they wero under control, the greatest ! vigilance has since been necessary In ; oruer io Keep liicui in auujecuuu. ne will spend several days In going over the local situation, and. then decide j what action is necessary to avert the disaster. Those who have seen the teredo in operation assert that there is cause for the greatest apprehension, once the pests Invade an oyster bed. Multiply ing rapidly, the number of oysters which the teredo will destroy, they de clare, is little short of marvelous. Fastening on the oyster's shell, the te redo bores a hole through the oyster's side, inflicting a mortal wound to which the victim soon succumbs. LESS WHEAT, MORE FRUIT. Decline in Wheat Crops "Will Induce Farmers to Reduce Acreage. While there Is, past doubt, a short wheat crop this year In Western Oregon, there are exceptions, and these seem to indicate that the advice to decrease the acreage in wheat, but to so farm as to raise the fertility of the land. Is well founded. The threshing crews have felt the reduced crop. Few of them have made their accustomed number of bushels to the day'3 work. The best we have seen re corded was of 2776 bushels on tho Stump farm, near Monmouth, In Polk County. In that same county are the peach or chards referred to as follows: "To appreciate Polk County in August. one should visit the Independence peach orchards, especially the D. L. Hedges orchard, two and a half miles north of town. Ten years ago Mr. Hedges set out 1200 young peach trees. For a number of years they were slow about bearing, and at one time the grubbing up of the trees was considered. The orchard was sown to alfalfa a few years ago and the trees began to bear. This year the crop Is tremenduous. But for props the limbs would be broken from the trees. The peaches are fine of color and size and richly flavored, and the big orchard pre sents an attractive appearance. This Is harvest time and men, women and chil dren are engaged in picking and sorting the luscious fruit for market. There Is a brisk demand for the peaches, and $1.50 a box of one bushel capacity is realized for them." This confirms advice given in these columns last week on the value of Wil lamette Valley peach orchards. As much might be said of those In the Wllllamette bottom above Corvallls. owned by R, Kiger and others. The following Item from the Pendleton Tribune contains a suggestion for many of our new settlers on the semi-arid lands !n Eastern Oregon: "8. Glover, of Glover. S. D., speak ing of his big ranch, stated that his grain raising Is confined to the growing of macaroni wheat, which he says will yield 75 per cent higher than other wheats. This wheat g-rows better in dry countries than other kinds of grain and large crops are produced with out Irrigation. He also says It has the. advantage of being very hardy and that It does not shell, bleach, sprout or smut. "A great deal of this wheat has been shipped to the Northwest for. seed, he says, going into tnis state and Mon tana, and he Is confident that within a very few years it will be one of the leading wheats grown In this country. He has raised no other kind of wheat for the past three years." The main object of Mr. Glover's visit was to secure 30.0CO lambs. At the time of writing he has obtained 10,000 In the Mount Adams district in Washington, the balance he expected to buy In Oregon. He was paying from $2.25 to $.0 per head. FIRES IN THE CASCADES. Some Plan Should Be Provided to Combat Them. The last news, that a heavy fire was raging in the splendid timber of the North Santlam and was past control of tho small force of men engaged In fighting it. is very serious. Many hun dred acres had already, on Friday last, been destroyed, and there was then no sign of control. it surely would bo possible to organize somo form of Insurance, through funds as sessed on the owners of the timber, whereby on news of the outbreak of fire, sumcient force, under competent direction, might be hurried to th.o Ughtlng line. Such useless and un caller-for destruction of the timber re sources of the state is shocking' to think of. Laws have been passed to prevent forest flres as far as possible. This dry year testifies to their partial efficiency. But dealing with fires when they have takenhold in the tlm ber seems left to chance, or to a very imperfectly developed sense of self nreservatlon in the owners of the timber. Howry Arrested for Embezzlement. Milton Howry, charged with embezzle ment of 5255 from tho Portland Imple ment Company, at the head of which Is J. P. O'Donnell, was arrested last night at 3S0 Morrison street. His bonds were fixed at 52000. but falling to procure that amount, be was locked up. Howry was an employe of the Portland Implement Company until August 1, at which time it Is charged that he disap peared with over 5500 of the company's money. Irj making out the complaint against mm. me teaser sum was nameq. Howry's defalcations were apparently known to O'Donnell, who said last night that he had offered to lend- money to Howry that he might make his account good. The prisoner disappeared August 1, and It was supposed that he had gone either to- Boise, Idaho, or Baker City, Or. War rants were sworn out for his arrest, and descriptions were telegraphed to the two places, but he could not be found. Howry returned to Portland last night and was arrested at 280 Morrison street by Detectives Carpenter and Beslng. Arrested for Beating: Wife. H. Holt, a fireman on the flreboat Georgo H. Williams, was arrested last night on a charge of beating his wife. Miss Effa Holt, and threatening to kill his sister-in-law. but was released on 550 ball. Mrs. Holt, as the result of the beating. Is suffering from a bruise on- the back of her head, caused by being knocked to the StrtKMjr her in tne lace. Kesiuenus ci East WashlnKton street and Grand ave nue, where Holt lives, witnessed the as sault, and It is said threatened violence unless he desisted. Holt win appear be fore Judge Cameron tomorrow morning. The court will not be in session today on account of Labor day. AT THE HOTELS. The Portland C. H. Hunter. W. Bryce and wife. San Francisco; M. R. Sanguln and wife; G. B. Welch and wife. Washington. rC.; Mrs. Bartllng. Salt Lake; Miss A. I Whe lan. fc'an Francisco; J. H. Thrasher and wife. Texas; A. T. Brant. M. L. Chapman, lr glnla; F. W. Talmle and wife. Tennessee; . N. King. Miss E. King. Columbus; E. Hater. Medford ; Mrs. T. W. Pack, San Francisco; C. Longhead. Detroit: M. W. Pope. Baltimore; H. Lague. Concordia; C. O. Rider. Philadel phia; J. E. Shepherd. Atlanta; S- Hlllson, Boston; H. G. Plageman. San Francteco; Mrs. W. H. Flsk. Chicago; A. D.Rummell, A. Mueller. San Francisco; T. B. Mcllvrey and wife. Chicago; H. Schaeffer. San Francisco; Mrs. C. M. Schwab, Mrs. J. F. Walter. Mlsa ggCjJ P. H. Emmori and wire. Mre. S. W. Pease, n. AlocK. Miss E. J. mock, jars. ju y. tdgin; u. Marl ana wire, ujevejanu, Robinson, Boston; W. Lackaye, New York: .S Brockingham; Mrs. Aylen. Ft. Saskatchewan; J. 7.. Henderson, Vancouver; . oeio. San Francisco; J. H. Murphy. New York: Lv. H. Shepard. Hood River: Mrs. F. E. Good year. New York; A. H. Williams. San Fran cisco; W. H. Rlchenback and family. Pltu burg; G. T. Patterson, New York: G. B. Ferndel. St. Paul; P. B. Brown and wife. Loulsvllte; W. E. Carson. Carson City; B. B. Burkhardt. Michigan; G. M. Stayton, Chi cago; J. M. Dougherty, Omaha; F. Ellce, Ttlllnn. r MnnrinT nnt urtfp Anaconda: M. Donlse and wire. M. Donlse. Jr. Jjonwc, E. J. Luke. C Lanmester. Pasadena; M- Gros grean. San Francisco: J. F. Rhodes. Pasadena; P. Jacobson and wire. San iranewco: fi Hlrach and wire. Miss Hlrsch. Salem: J. K. Haynes. St. Paul; G. B. Blttenger and wire, MIs A. Wlnderllck. Los Angejes; Mlsa B. C. Llghtner. Mrs. P. K. Frankenhelmer, River side; W. McNeal and wife. Victoria; W. Gf King. Seattle; C. K. Merrlam and wig, Spokane; C Gurnsey, Toronto: Mrs. W. H. Kern. Miss W. Kern. San Francisco; W. H. Whiting. Brand Brock; E. A. Stuart. Seattle; J. H. Spohr, San Francisco; H. O. Smith, Los Angeles. The Perkins B. May. St. Petersburg: W. A. Winder and wire. Aurora; J. W. Hughes and wire. Forest Grove; Mrs. W. T. Perkins. Helen Perkins. P. Perkins. Salem: W. E. Vaughn. San Francisco; J. D. Hammond, Nashville; J. A. Denholm, Tacoma; J. B Leavltt and wife, Lenox: W. D. Service. Pocatello; B. H.. Davis, Boise; J. Cameron. Webfoot; C. H. Tomey and wife. ChehalU; Mrs. H. Nelll. Palo Alto; V. Madden, Tha Dalles; C. H. Mack Vee. San Jose; " . H. aa Meter, J. H. Minds. Philadelphia; O. Rob erts. Chicago: G. W. Tillotson. Prlnevllle; Captain G. Gollghtly. C. W. Snyder. E. O. Blocks. S. S. Eureka: H. V. Gates and wire, Hlllsboro; E. Stratum. Newberg; TJ. H. Bond. New York: W. B. Bear. BeHlngham: J. v. Coleman. A. R. Jacobs. Ashland; C. D. Uidy. B. V. Price. Chlco; F. S. Land. Seattle; V.. A. Harrison and wire. Minneapolis; 3. JJ. Jones. Grangevllle; Ida H. Lennon, Mrs. Anna. Lennon. La Crosse; E. Warroan. Alden: l Frees. C. B. Downing. Genoa; Elma Johnson, Wallace: Mrs. W. E. Bender. R. Bender. Ev erett; H. Baldwin and wire, Spokane; M. Mc Innis. The Dalles: N. Bronell and wife. The Dalles; C. M. BeVall. Colfax; R. P. Reynolda, Walla Walla; Mrs. T. Paddock. Mrs. M. Pad dock. Greenwood; R. E. Williams. Dallas, F. B. Connors, Pannydale; H. Edwards. Hunt ington; W. H. Gaynor. Dallas; H. L. Jraver, Eugene: J. Seiner. Mrs. H. E. Clark. Seattle; F. E. Palmer. Pomeroy; W. Burnett and wife. Seattle; M. Coon. G. McClean. Boulder; J W. Maynan. J. U Murray. M. C. Hunt and wife. P. E. Bobbins. A. O. Miller. R. H. PumnVii. E. CamDbell. Seattle; Mrs. A. ! Kroatch. Miss Kroch Mrs. H. F. Floyd. and wife. Tacoma; J. Parker and wire, Ka lama; Mrs. A. J. West. Marie L. Robinson, a T. Nelson. Sadie Nelson. Aberdeen; R. L. Ish Medford; P. W. Mitchell, Spokane; i. J. Scroggan. La Grande: Dr. k. aeeiej, lne; C B. Rosa and wife, Parma; S. Cava- naugh and wire, A. E. CharIeworth and wl.e. S. F. Sutton and wire, seaiue; k. abuu. N. Lewis. W. Warren. Olympla; W. J. Dav enport. CoQullle; J. R. Yoran and. wife, Ta coma; A. C. Carter. Los Angeles; B. F. Laugh- lln. The Dalles. TV,- Tmn.r)ul-a TV f?orir. Vancouver. B. C; A. Felscher. Stevenson; F. Stantes, city; H. Wllty. Seattle; F. T. Schmidt. LW aehraldt. Olympla; A. V Demming, San Fran cisco; J. Mayer ana son, j. r. nunier. Santello. L. Graham, W. W. Boom, Seattle; Mra. Minnie McEwen. Baker City; E. E. Tan ner. Columbus; w .a faprecner, wiscooeiu, r...j 1? nsurln ITlomath TTnlls- A C CUl- fi"irt 7 Hairttcin Klamath Falls: A. C. Cul lan Seattle: B. E. Shaw. Los Angeles; G. Aihpr spittle: I. I. Parnell. Goble: Miss May Reeves. McMInnville; S. Smith and wit. Kendrick; J. F. Keeffe and wife: Mrs. D. H. McCord; E. J. Williamson. San Francisco; J. L. Henderson. Hood iliTer: J. . vvooa, a no rtaiiMt- J v. VXll. Lowiiton: C. W. Dob bins. Wardner: F. O. Bunting and wire. Lake. view; F. W. Durbin. airs. u. uurom, oaicra; C. W. Fulton. Astoria; F. S. Hendeerson. Chi cago; C. G. Baker, Astoria; 3. Burnett. Was ean; Mrs. C J. Henrolt. Wlnrred. Henrolt, Mrs. A. P. Henrolt, Celo Henrolt. Rex Henrolt. Cowlitz; A. H. Berry. Astoria; S. M. Powell, Albany; C S. Fulton. The Dalles; J. D. Mat- meson ana wur, ll uchuuo, . u. nnrt wir. Baker Cltvt J. P. Montgomery. Starkvllle; P. B. Durea, A. Hartmao. Seattle; Gesner. D. H. Preston, iTinevuie; tr. Jones. Seattle: H. A. Day and wire. T. Harris. Jr.. Miss A. W. Harris. New York; A. R. Clausen. Nevada, Wis.: A. M. Craw ford. Salem; H. B. Pelrldge. Seattle. The St. Charles G- Kelsey. Fossil; W. Jt. Orr. Wasco; J. R. Bennet. Hood River; J. Casaldv. Ameevllle; W. M. Cllne. lit. Angel; C Martenson; G. W. Reed. Llttell; E. M. Oliver. H. O. Oliver. Houlton; J. W. Harl gan, Prlnevllle; C. Beede. city; A. B. Cropp, Index; Mary Price. Springfield; Alma TrumDo. Illinois; Anna Mgrody, Pleasant Plains; C. W. Trumbo. Llnnens; L. L. Purdue and family, Purdue: C L. Storms, Chinook; T. Nicholson and wife. Fort Stevens; V. P. Veltte. Orange; J. B. Conrad. Junction City: R. H. Tyson, Saoem; Margaret McKenzle, Scappoose; F, . Lehman. U. S. A.: W. XI. Flanagan. H. Almy, San Rafael; J. Pate. Jefferson; F. M, Coffee. Tacoma; E. I Semple. F. Lowe, Canby; F. E. Schmld. Fort Stevens; W. J. Binder and wire. Astoria; u. uross. a. v. Flock. Roseberg: G. Carter. Castle Rock; Pearl Graham, J. Thomas; M. M. Duke, Ya colt; Mra. W. G. Locher. Mls3 Lulu Potter, Spokane; E. M. Oliver. H. D. Oliver, Houlton; J. S. Nlsaley and wire: J. L. Carlton. Medlll; J. F. Overhulse. R. Overhulse. Olympla: J. L. Stelner and wire. Jefferson; E. Usher. Che halU: B. Schmidt. Llttell; H. L. Kllcker. Havre; B. T. smith. E. Jones: s. M. Greer. Hlllsboro: D. F. Robinson, Wausau; C D. Robinson, Castle Rock; C. Pope. Seattle; H. Tlmmel: P. Kauffmana. Roesland; F. G. Carey. Sclo; J. Massay, Brooks; H. C. Mer- win. Kaiama; J. Lawe. .Burton: a. u. biaur fer. Hood River; W. D. McMillan. G. Drog ollch. J. Coffman. C. Osmnndeon; C. Holme, Seattle. The Esmond G. A. Taylor. Tacoma; Geo. Mllllcan. Prlnevllle; C. N. Bates. Denver; J. Smith. Antorla: W. B. Avery and wire. C S. Bogan and wire. R. Bogan, L. Bogan, Wood land; G. Oaken. Welser; F. Easter. Ruth, Easter. Tillamook; J. R. Drum and wlfo, Santa. Barbara; L. Cronln. L. Blum. Astoria; Lillian Hogan. Grunt's Pass; H. Markln. As toria; Mrs. C. P. Webber. J. McEthaney, Syra cuse; H. Moore, Stevenson; A. Moore, W. Newqulst. Murray; A. Flack. Aberdeen; Mrs, G. Reardon. Mrs. G. Wlegant. Dubuque: C. C. Berg, Cathlametr S. J. Lowe. 3. Weeden, North Yakima'; A. NUeen, Eagle Cliff: D. D. Hoi gate and wife. Boise; D. Richmond and wife, Mra. E. B. Fletcher, Pendleton; J. Vinson. Svenson; G. Gunderson and wire Cathlamet: Mary E. Howard. Rainier: C Holland. Marshfleld; T. F. Rutter. Mrs. War Ickson. Clatskanle; L. N. Cole, Palmer; Mrs. L. Jones. Miss Jones. Oregon City; L. Cul bertson, Clatskanle: C. Brown. J. L. Camp bell. A. Ward. Ingels; H. Oman. P. Camp bell. Attorla; J. Simpson and wife. Spokane; O. S. Wlllert. Astoria; H. Brooks and wife. New York: V. E. Ebersold. Chicago: H. H. Holbrook. Kelso; F. Stelner. G. Stelner, Eu gene; J. Jagelo and wife. New York: L Fer rler, 1. Ferrler. E. A. Kerp, Little Falls; F". Casebolt. W. Meyer. Chehalls: W. E. Stone. J. G. Ross. J. P. Ross. Mrs. Boss. Knappa; J. "W. Palmer, Goldfield; H. C Knowles and wife, Ballard: L. Roalck. Pillar Rock; A. Naterlln. Oregon City: J. Hooker, Pillar Rock; J. D. Williams, W. J. Hall. Chinook; C Vance, Aertorla: H. E. McCul lough and wife, Mlea J. Hutchinson. P.. Camp bell, Missoula; E. Baron. Cape Horn: L. M. Henry, White Salmon; Mabel Spear, Palmer; B. F. Watklns. Heppner J. C Rodgers and wife, Selma; W. F. Chaney and wife. C Botts. Pocatello; R. W. Kent. Hood River; F. W. L. Sklbbe. R. Sklbbe. The Dalles; H. Young and wife. Mrs. H. J. Redmond. M. B. McLaren. Kata Young. Oak Point: H. A Latourell. C. H. Latourell. R. M. Graham, C. A. Yanger. Latourell Falls; F. Blair. L. Cowan. F. Sides, J. Svenson. H. Mattson, Astoria: W. Hayden. R. J. Watklns. F. L. Lowe. D. O. Walcott. Marshfleld; G. Lawson, A. Ofeen. Astoria: R. W. Sparger. Soldtea; Mlos Brakeman, Seattle; J. Rleger and wife. Miss Rleger. Oak Point; J. Mooee. G. Smith, New OrleansL Tsemaa KetI. Taeam. American plaa. Rates. 5f aa ay. Hotel Densellj-. Taesms. WasUsgtas. European plan. Bates 73 cents to 53.91 per day. Free buss. Anglo-Saxon on Top. Indianapolis News. -'Slav or. Anglo-Saxon" Will a new" edition be necessary? . - '