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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 26, 1905)
8 THE U.gRXIiH'G- OltEGONIAN, SATURDAY, -AXFGTJST 26, 1905. Entered at the Fostofflce at Portland, Or., a eecond-class matter. subscription katks. invariably in advance. (By Mall or Express.) ZaHy and Sunday, per year $8.00 Dally and Sunday, six months 5.00 Dally and Sunday, three months 2.35 Dally and Sunday, per month .83 Dally without Sunday, per year Dally -without Sunday, alx months .0 Dally without Sunday, three months... 1-83 Daily without Sunday, per month .63 Sunday, per year 00 Sunday, sir months 1.00 Sunday, three-months 60 BY CARRIER. Dally without Sunday, per week -13 Dally, per week, Sunday included... 0 THE "WEEKLY" OREGOXIAK. (Issued Every Thursday.) Weekly, per year 1.0 Weekly, six months .o Weekly, three months - -50 HOW TO REMIT Send postoWce money order, express order .or personal Check on your local hank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 6. C. Beckwith Special Acency New York, rooms 43-50 Tribune building. Chi cago, rooms 510-512 Tribune butldlnr. KEPT ON SAXE. Chicago Auditorium Annex. Fostofflce Kews Co.. 178 Dearborn streot. Dallas, Tcx-rGlobe News Depot, 200 Main street. 6aa Antonio, Tex. Louis "Book and Clear Co., 521 East Houston street. Denver Julius Black. Hamilton & Kend rlck. 806-912 Seventeenth street: Pratt Book 6tore, 1214 Fifteenth street. Colorado Springs, Colo. Howard H. Bell. Des Moines. I. Moses Jacobs. 309 Fifth street. Goldfleld, Nev. F. Sandstrom; Guy Marsh. Kansas City, Mo. Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut. Los Angeles Harry Drapkln; B. E. Amos, 614 West Seventh street; Dlllard News Co. Minneapolis M. J. Karanaugh, 50 South Third. Cleveland, O. Jamca Fushaw, SOT Superior street. New York CJty-U Jones & Co., Astor House. AUantle City, N. J. Ell Taylor, 207 North Illinois ave. Oakland. Cat W. H. Johnston. Fourteenth and Franklin streets. Ogden F. R. Godard. and Meyers & Har top, D Lu Boyle. Omaha Barkalow Bros.. 1012 Farnam: Mageath Stationery Co.. 130S Farnam; 210 South 14th. Sacramento, CaL Sacramento News Co., 429 K street. Salt take Salt Lake News Co.. 77 West Eecond street South; National News Agency. Yellowstone Park, Wyo. Canyon Hotel. Lake Hotel, Yellowstone Park Assn. Long Beach B. E. Amos. San Francisco J. K. Cooper & Co., 746 Market street; Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter and Hotel St. Francis News Stand; L. E. Lee, Palace Hotel News Stand; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market; Frank Scott. 80 Ellis: N. Wheatley Movable News Stand, corner Mar ket end Kearney streets; Foster & Orear, Ferry News Stand. St Louis, Mo. E. T. Jett Book & News Company. 806 Olive street. Washington, D. C Ebbltt House, Fennsyl anla avenue. PORTLAND, SATURDAY, AUGUST 26, 1905. STEPS WHICH LED RUSSIA ON. Why is Russia on the shores of the pacific, at war with Japan? Had Rus sia not sufficient room for expansion without encroaching: on nations upon the Pacific at the opposite extremity of Asia, thousands of miles distant? Russia sets up for apology or ex planation of her aggression in the Far East, her claim that she Is Impelled to this easterly expansion by regard for her most vital interests. She asserts that her people- require these vast Asian territories for their further spread, since the density of her home population in Europe is so great as to exert upon them a ceaseless pressure eastwardly. Yet she is pressing upon countries whose population is more dense than her own Manchuria, Corea and Japan. A traveler and publicist of note and fame Dr. Wolf Von Schlerbrand author of many books on problems pre sented in Russia, Germany and other countries, has taken occasion In his "America, Asia and the Pacific," to ex amine this claim, put forth by Russia for justification of her pressure on Pa cific countries. His statement admits of summary. According to the latest census taken in Russia, the European part of the empire, comprising a territory of 2,052, 490 square miles, considerably larger than the whole remainder of Europe, lad a population of 105.396,634. The non Russian part of Europe, with only two thirds of the territory of European Russia, has about 285,000,000 inhab itants. Compared with some of the more densely settled countries of Eu rope, as Belgium, Holland, England, Germany, France, or Italy. Russia proper is but thinly Inhabited her density being only from one-third to one-tenth that of the countries named. Nor are there special circumstances, such as large waste lands, great desert districts, or infertility of soil to out weigh this consideration. On the contrary, the heart of Russia, "the fifty great provinces making up Russia proper, are by nature among the most fruitful lands of Europe. With an agricultural system as rational and intensive as that of the main countries of the rest of Europe, Russia proper could, easily support treble her present population. But the great trouble with Russia is that her system of agricul ture Is a vicious and mistaken one. The one-crop system (wheat or rye) is forced upon the Russian peasant and landholder by an irrational finan cial economy. Exactions of govern ment force the on crop for which, at some price usually very low money can surely be had. Again, this sys tem leads to impoverishment of the soil, and in districts where the soil fifty years ago was- deemed the most fertile in Europe, famines now are frequent For this vicious agricultural system the Russian government is chiefly respon sible. Necessity of movement to new lands : is a consequence of the system. This one cause leads to a train of ef fects. It has pushed Russia on her career of eastward encroachment, till, wanting an ocean out on the Pacific, she began absorption of Northern China and of Corea, and brought peril to Japan. In fact, it Is these countries, the 'density of whose population much exceeds that of Russia in Europe, that might better talk of their own lack of room and need of expansion. This -writer contends that Russia never will play much of a part as a customer of ours. For one reason, the exports pf Russia are all of a nature of which we ourselves have abundance, namely, cereals and other agricultural products. She is, therefore, in her ex ports, one of our chief rivals. Russia does her greatest foreign trade wJth Germany; next, with England. She takes but small quantities of goods from us. The great Siberian railroad was an undertaking that got the attention of the world. Russia's reasons for bulld , Jng it were twofold. The road was to develop .Siberia,, make new lands ac cessible and further trade along its line. But the potent reason was a po litical and military nature. It was to aid Russian expansion in the Far East. For it was believed there was no power in the Far East that would have the presumption to dispute with Russia upon any claim she might make; still less, to resist her aggression by mak ing war; or if war should be a conse quence Russia would quickly crush any little "yellow" antagonist Japan was negligible. This contemptuous estimate of Japan was the circumstance that led Russia into her position in Manchuria and caused her to refuse to send her mil itary forces away, as she had coven anted to do. It still looks as if peace were Impos sible. There are great irreducible quantities In 'Japan's demands, and rather than forego the advantages which she believes she possesses, Japan will continue the war. And Russia ap pears to feel that she can't be hurt much more than she has been hurt al ready. She is not willing to give up everything under contention and pay a vast indemnity besides. CENTRAL WASHINGTON AND CENTRAL OREGON. Along the Washington Central branch of the Northern Pacific railroad, avail able for shipment "this season are more than ,5,000,000 bushels of wheat Prac tically all of this enormous surplus of the 1905 wheat crop- will find a market at tidewater ports on the Pacific Coast The freight charges are 10 cents per bushel. At this figure, the gross earn ings of the railroad company for mov ing the wheat will approximate $500,8M. With wheat at present prices, the freight charge is only a'moderate pro portion of the value per bushel of the cereal; therefore, it Is easy to see that a vast amount of money will be placed In circulation along that hundred miles of railroad. Wherever many millions of dollars are scattered In a compara tively small area. It Is a certainty that other lines of industry will open, and other wealth producing agencies will work. This is true along the Washington Central. Since the road was built cities and towns have sprung up along the line, and the requirements of the farm ers are met by tradesmen and caterers In all lines of business. Part of the millions that this year will be paid out for wheat will be turned over again and again, producing with each turn some new Increase in trade. The Wash ington Central in spite of all of the antagonism toward it by the people along its line, is a boon to them, though It needs improvement It has brought Into touch with the markets of the world a region which prior to the con struction of the road was as inacces sible and as worthless, from a. profit making standpoint as Central Oregon is today. And there are strong points of similarity between the Central Ore gon country of today and Central Washington region before, the railroad came. When the project of constructing the Washington Central was first broached to the public the news was received with a degree of Incredulity similar to that which a few years later greeted the announcement that E. E. Lytle would build a road through Sherman and Wasco counties in this state. Soil and climate in -that portion of the Big Bend traversed by the Washington Central Is not dissimilar to that of Cen tral Oregon, and the projectors of the Washington Central, like Lytle with his Columbia Southern, were far-seeing enough to know that there would be business forthcoming as soon as the road was in a position to handle it. But as was the case with the Columbia Southern, and as Is now the case with the proposed extension of that line, there can be no business for a road, nor can the farmers secure any re .turns at all commensurate with their labor, until the road is constructed and affords an outlet to market for the products of the farm. These products have little or no com mercial value until facilities are pro vided for sending them to market As a result, the land remains untllled and the region unsettled until the railroad comes. No sensible man would go Into Central Oregon and raise a crop of wheat or anything else that could not be driven out on foot until some fa cilities were given him for reaching a market, and creating a value for the products of the soil. The railroads and the farmers have a mutual Interest In a new country, but it is the duty of the railroad to take the initiative. Settlers along the region traversed by the Washington Central were few and far between when that road was projected. Settlers along the proposed route of the central Oregon line are perhaps more numerous, but they are. under just as great a handicap as were those of the Big Bend before the railroad came. Incidentally It should be remembered that Central Oregon has a wealth of diversified natural resources unknown in the central Whshington country, which annually turns off such magnifi cent wheat yields. The railroad Ma homet never yet has met with much success in Inducing the agricultural mountain to come his way. He has been amply repaid, however, when he has mo'ed to the mountain. A' CONGRESS OF HISTORIANS. The Historical Congress, sessions of which were held in this city early this week, closing Wednesday morning, brought together a number of special ists in education who exchanged ideas freely and fully, to the entertainment and profit of each other and of others who gathered "to hear their various themes. The Oregon Historical SocJety had charge of the congress and the programme that had been prepared was entertainingly carried out The history compilers of Oregon found much in the discussions that was of help, while in the commendation that the visitors ex pressedmen of thought and of re searchof the effort to make authentic record of the beginnings or history in the great Pacific Northwest there Avas much encouragement Men accustomed to delve in musty tomes and -faded manuscripts for the facts which are crystallzed into histori cal record, regard this wide and fresh field as especially attractive to the. his torian. The events of the past half century are close enough to have the quaint personal touoh of folk lore, and yet far enough removed from the pres ent day's routine to be enrolled as his tory. It Is the part of wisdom to chron icle these events now, since much" that is of value, as showing the. beginnings of civilization on the Paclc Coast will otherwise be lost to future generations. "The golden woof thread of romance" runs through the history of these early times and the disposition to make It brighter is noticeable, im, muoh . that passVs for history as It" has 'come "from the hands of Inexperienced or careless writers. The necessity of segregating fact from legend and from fancy is upon the careful historian of this truly enchanted land and it will take the mind and hand of a master to do this and still preserve alive, so to speak, the spirit that entered Into and made strong the foundations of our Pacific Empire. Our early history makers, or the vast majority of them, have passed on, but passing, they have left behind a rich, harvest for the chronicler to gather. MR. HILL ON THE LAND QUESTION. The address of J. J. Hill, president of the Great Northern Railroad, read be fore the Irrigation Congress by Mr. Eberlein, is the utterance of a philo sophic thinker. His remarks are wise and timely. It cannot be added that they are quite disinterested, for he speaks, of course, with the welfare of the railroads foremost in his mind; but the whole matter of small farms. Irri gation, colonization of reclaimed lands and conservation of the. publta domain for home-builders, is fortunately one where the good of the railroads and the good of the public are entirely in har mony, and where both will benefit most from the most enlightened policy. It goes without saying that the idoal country for a railroad Is one that Is densely populated. Intelligently farmed and continuously prosperous. None of these conditions can be rationally ex peoted in a territory parceled out among a few great land-holders, at least in. the arid West. They will either raise stock under the shiftless and wasteful range system, or, if they cul tivate the soil, it will be by whole sale and unthrifty methods. In many cases they will do worse still, leaving their holdings desert and waste to wait for the unearned increment fastening themselves to an advancing community like a parasitic tick to a sheep to suck the wealth which has been created by the energies of other men. The rail road companies understand welt the in estimable economic power of the small farm. It means dense population. It means diversified products. v It means comfort and intelligence in the home. It gives leisure to the farmer and so ciety to his family. It makes good country schools possible. It multiplies business for the common carrier. Nor have the railroads been satisfied with theoretical appreciation of the small farm. In the Yakima country, to speak of one instance only, they have first promoted irrigation projects and then divided their great donations of land, selling them at reasonable prices to settlers, and have thus created thriv ing communities. When, therefore, Mr. Hill says "Inculcate everywhere the gospel of the small farm," be knows from experience that it is a Teal gospel. He knows that the poet's regret for the time "when every rood of ground main tained its man" is based on sound economics and enlightened statesman ship. It is not a mere dream. Per haps not quite every rood, but certainly every five or ten-acre tract of arable ground can maintain, not only a man, but a man with his wife and children. Who does not recall the story, ajmost classic among farmers, of the man struggling to live on a ranch of SM acres and keep up the interest on his mortgage, toiling Summer and Winter from daylight to dark without comfort Jejsure or hope, who finally sold all his land but ten acres? He paid his debts, planted rhubarb, and. all of a sudden found hlm&lf a free citizen with leis ure and1 money. For feint Mgbt labor spreads its vMmmc More; Just save what Hfe required, but so more. And what more did he want? What more does any man want who has learned "to see life clearly and see It whole?" If Mr. Hill could convert ihe world of farmers to his evangel, he would do a vast work In establishing the kingdom of heaven on earth and the churches with their theology might not labor in vain. He states also with passionate en ergy his contempt for our wretched land laws, which are operating to throw our whole remaining public domain, arid and timber, under the ownership of "the lumber king and cattle baron." as Mr. Hill calls these thrifty parasites -upon the body politic. "Those who go upon government land in our day to make homes," he truly says, "are a handful," while, for all that this ter ritory is passing Into private owner ship at a fearful rate. In 1W the gov ernment alienated twice as many acres as in 1SS. In the next two years the rate increased much more rapidly still. It is sheer folly to speak of the hard ship and toll of those who are thus get ting hold of what ought to be the homes of the people. These men do not toll, neither do they spin. Their proceed ings are the shame and scandal of our generation, and Mr. Hill speaks with great moderation when he( denounces them. The provision of the Reclamation Act limiting water privileges to tracts not exceeding I6 acres under the same ownership he pronounces partial and lame. Perhaps he would be surprised to learn that these fraudu lent beneficiaries of foolish laws have the impudence to resist that prtvislon to set up a wall, in fact, over what they brazenly call its Injustice. But probably he would not be surprised. Mr. Hill is not without the ability to do that sort of thing himself when the case seems to require -it SOUTHERN PROSPERITY. Classing Itself as a southern city, Baltimore has always taken deep in terest in and played large part in fhe development of the southern states. A striking record of the progress of these states is now furnished by a special edition of the Manufacturers' Record of Baltimore. Every industry shows prodigious groivth, and increase of val ues is astonishing, especially since the South has no titles 'of very great size, and few comparatively that can be rated as second or third in rank. It is in productive energy that the South is great in addition to Its vast agricultural output the South is making enormous pro gress In large lines of manufacture. Its outdoor work is done mainly by negroes, and though this labor Is not at all times efficient it is in the mala contented, and gives Increase of pro duction from year to year. It is-' shown that the assessed values of property In the fourteen southern states has Increased during the past four years at the rate of $250,000.00 a year, or one- thbusand millions for the period. Partial returns Indicate that the year 1905 will maintain or exceed this record of Increasing values. Every state shows the gain. The 'Baltimore publication enters Into minute details, too long to permit jan "attempt to re produce th'em, or een to' make 'a. se lection. It generalizes, however, by saying: "The substantial wealth of the South is steadily advancing and mak ing more absurd than ever the tacit or openly acknowledged claim that the South is obliged to look to outside philanthropy or to federal funds for help in Improving its educational fa cilities or for doing other work that can only be done right at the expense of the taxpayers of individual states." The man who makes himself rldicu lousbefore the world by "wanting dem presents back" appears periodically In the role of folly, plays his part to the amusement disgust or weariness of the audience that he gets through the press, and retires, followed by universal con tempt. It Is bad enough for a man to be so foolish as to lavish his money and presents of value upon a young woman whom he desires to marry, and it must be humiliating, when as in the case of one Adojph Kreis of St Louis, the preacher of whose flock he was a generous and trusting member, "cuts him out." If he would maintain a dig nified silence In the matter he would be entitled to some sympathy, but when he spreads his case upon the records of the court and airs his wrongs with great fidelity to detail, takes legal measures to get his presents back and sues the young woman for breach of promise, he merely incites the public to utter contempt. To the credit of 'the American jury it may be. said that It is not likely to grow sentimental In a case of this kind, though In a very ag gravated Instance wherein the fickle young woman refuses to give back to the disconsolate suitor a dog that was a part of her pre-nuptlal endowment, damages In the sum of $1 may be al lowed. If the people of Norway, Sweden and Denmark were animated by the high est courage and wisdom, they would put an end to the farce of kingship, which has grown a little stale, and unite in a federal republic. King Os car's son Charles Is doubtless a "nice" boy, but there Is something ludicrous in this superstitious reverence for royal blood. There are plenty of men in Nor way suitable to head the nation. andJ there is plenty of Intelligence In the Norwegian people to choose him. In stead of that they give their crown to a young man whose merit is entirely hypothetical and who has deserved nothing of them. It is such things as this that make philosophers laugh and cynics sneer. The modern king Is a fetich that has been found out The new King of Norway will be worse still; he will be a fetich which has been put together like a "ragdoll by the people who are going to play at reverence for him. It is a matter of regret that the pub lic schools open so late this year. The small boy running so long at large has become a public nuisance and a private pest a menace to his own life and limb and to the lives of his playmates. Specific evidence of the truth of this statement may be noted in the occur rences of one day in the present week which sent one boy of 11 years to the hospital with probably fatal injuries from becoming entangled, while at play, in the machinery of a sawmill. An other boy about the same age was se verely; and it was at first thought fatally beaten by three other boys somewhat older. And it Is still nearly a month before the mischievous or per verse wild animals will be caged for the Winter. It is said that the Kaiser is egging on the Czar to continue fighting. This is probably true. With Russia at war William can bully France to his heart's content But also, with Russia at war England will steadily buttress the fron tiers of India. England Is backing Japan's demands to the limit, knowing that her own interest is not for peace. The fall of Lord Curzon signifies an aggressive policy in Asia. One who aspired to prophetic glories might now make a bid for fame by crying, "Look for news from Persia if the peace con ference fails." After a careful study of the informa tion collected by The Oregonian cor respondents, the wheat crop boomers are steadily dropping their estimates. Some of them have marked down the figures from around 00,000,000 bushels to as low as 47.000,000 bushels. By printing a different estimate every day or two these second-hand estimators will be In a position when The Oregon Jan's annual estimate appears next month, to point to one of their "guesses" as being approximately cor rect. A $60-a-month bank clerk in Paris embezzled $200,000 and ran away with a steam yacht and an actress. France has always been noted for the delicate skill of her financiers and the Imagina tion of her novelists. This latest esca pade supplies food for thought for both classes. Seldom even in this sensa tional age, are we afforded such a re markable exhibition of high finance, rp mance and bewildering deviltry. Many hopyards of the Willamette Valley are said to be showing evidences of old age. Vines that for fifteen years have borne good and generally heavy crops of blossoms are this year rela tively barren. The prudent grower will take the hint thus given and with new plants and new land; revive his hop yards. Otherwise nature In a few years more will put him out of business so far as hop-growing is concerned. In the Milwaukee Sentinel of Mon day last the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul Railway "ran" a page advertise ment of the Lewis and Clark Exposi tion, with an excellent blrdseye view of the grounds and buildings and state ment f rates by various routes to Portland and back. It makes all feel comfortable to see our Exposition and the Northwest country advertised In such way. With the whole city to choose from, one would suppose the fake shows and peddlers might leave the Salvation Army lh peace tipon their corner at Fourth' and Washington streets. The good deed has but slender chance to shine In this naughty world. The Supreme Court of Massachusetts is trying to make John D. Rockefeller tell the truth about an old contract with an inventor. The impossible has a curious fascination for certain minds. WItte says Komura Is not clever. Wonder what Kuropatkin and Llnle vitoh think of- Oyama. (Russia's enemies at ih'ome also have a claim for indemnity and cession of territory. 0REG0N0Z0NL , Visitors to the Lewis and Clark Expo sition have expressed some disappoint ment at not finding the West as wild and woolly as the Eastern" story-writers have depicted it. The trouble Is that they have come a little too far to the westward: they should have stopped off, for instance, in Wyoming. While Wyoming may not be exactly wild. In the accepted sense. It. Is a trifle woolly. If the evidence of these two news items from the town of Ther mopoils, in a recent issue of the Cheyenne Tribune, are admissible; James Hubbard, proprietor of a plunge bath establishment here, went home last week to discover hia wife making lore to a stage driver by the name of Sweeney. Hubbard en tered a very strong protest to. his wife's con duct, whereupon she drew a six-shooter and opened Are, emptying the .gun at her hubby. When the smoke cleared away Hubbard crawled out from under a bed and Sweeney had disappeared. Later. Mrs. Hubbard left her home and it Is understood has eloped with Sweeney. During a drunken ssree here a cowboy boasted he could shoot off the eyebrow of a man without Inflicting serious Injury and aa a result. Otto Johnson, comedian of the "Lightning Rod Agent." a heme talent pro duction which is traveling through Bis Horn County. U shy about three Inches of skin over his left eye. The- cowboy escaped. It would appear that Thermopolis, at any rate, retains something of the ancient glory of the West Not even the Arizona KIckor, In Its liveliest days, ever wrote up Items containing so much wool in their make-up. An anxious reader inquires what is the cheapest way to get to the Jamestown Exposition. Walk. Just go down to the tip end of old Virginia and walk right up Hampton Roads. Messrs. Lewis and Clark and Mme. Sac ajawoa arc to be prominent figures at the Astoria regatta next week. If all their lineal descendants, white and red. actual and attributed, are present, the regatta cannot fail to be a success from point of attendance. The fact that a fish bites is not prima facie evidence that it is a sucker. Evory now and then we see a man whom we arc Inclined to envy, but prob ably if we had an introduction to the skeleton in his closet we should pity him. Yesterday I saw a man go into a saloon and buy three drinks of whisky, which he drank himself, and he paid 43 cents for the drinks. When he went out on the street I noticed that he stopped on the sidewalk and looked longingly in a show window, filled with children's school shoes marked down to 63 cents. Query Why didn't he stop and look at the shoes before he entered the saloon? The young woman at the next table In the restaurant looked very charming until she said to the waiter: "Bring me a Hamburger stoak, very rare." A- new poet in Kansas Is named Don keyson. It's pretty close to Missouri to have a name like that No one is surprised o learn that the Whisky Diggings mine in California 13 to be worked again. Physicians In Manila claim to have proved by the autopsy that a Chinaman who had been afflicted with leprosy and had been treated by the X-ray process shows no trace of the disease. Still, the Chinaman is dead. Emperor William has been guilty of writing an ode or two and some songs. President Roosevelt recently wrote a mag azine article in praise of a volume of poems. Both the Emperor and the Em press of Japan, according to a recent translation, write pootry. All these rulers are strenuous. Maybe there's a hint in this for the Czar. Will some one kindly send Nicholas Romanoff a copy of Walk er's Rhyming Dictionary? Joseph A. Graham, of St Louis, who Is a journalist In private life, contributes to Outing an article on the care of dogs, during hot weather. Mr. Graham insists that dogs need very little food during the heated spell. "A dog Is better off for semi-starvation." he says. So he would feed the dog a biscuit in the morning and a bowl of mush and milk and a raw egg for supper, with one meal of well-cooked meat once a week, just to keep him from forgetting that he has a stomach. This appears to be excellont advice. We al ways have thought It a quite unnecessary thing to bake a whole panful of steaming biscuits for a dog's breakfast, garnished with 35-cent butter, and served with bacon or ham-and on the side. A dog hardly ex pects It And for supper the mush, nnd mljk and the raw egg arc plenty. Why should we continue to prepare for our dogs poached eggs on toast, clam broth, bouillon and the like, when the simple life is much more to their liking? Why, we repeat? As to Mr. Graham's advice regarding the meal of well-cooked meat once a week, we must give assent also. No dog except, perhaps. John De Rock efeller's dog, or the Duchess of Marl borough's dog. or Joseph A. Graham's dog, woujd expect a broiled porterhouse with parsley oftcner than once a week. With two porterhouses a week, the ordi nary dog would forget that he's a dog and become uppish. ROBERTU3 LOVE. Rockefeller's Gifts. Brooklyn Eagle. 'University of Chicago 115,000.000 General Educational Board 10.000.000 Rush Medical College, Chicago 8.000.000 Barnard College 1.375.000 Southern Educational Fund 1.120,000 Harvard University l.OuO.OOO Yale Unlverrtty I.OOO.OOO Baptist Missionary Fund 1,000.000 Johns Hopkins University 500.000 Teachers' College .New Tork 500.000 Vassar College 400.000 Brawn University 323,000 Cornell University Bryn Mawr 230,000 Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research 200.000 Cas School of Sciences. Cleveland.. 200.000 Rochester Theological Seminary.... 200.000 Newton Theological Seminary 150.000 Adelphl College 123,000 Syraewe University 100.000 Smith College 100.000 University of Virginia .. 100.000 Wellenley College 100.000 Columbia University 100.000 Denlson College. Greenville, 0 100.000 Furman College, Greenville. S. C... 100,000 Y. M. C. A.. New York 100.000 Y. M. C A.. Brooklyn 1 00.000 University of Nebraska 67.000 Indiana University 50.000 Y. M. C A.. Washington 50.000 Shurtleff College 3S.O0O Bucknell University 23.000 William Jewell University 23,000 Gifts prior to 1602. exclusive of Chi cago University 7.000.000 Personal charities 2.000.000 Total gifts $49,733.000 Chau-Talk-Qua Talk. Brooklyn Eagle. In a recent Chautauqua talk. Dr. James M. .Buckley, D. D.. laid down the rule that no clergyman has the right to make his congregation laugh. Ia the eminent doctor quite sure that it isn't better for a preacher occastonalUy to make his hearers smile than occasionally to make 'them yawn? ' ' CHINA BOYCOTTS NOT AMERICA ALONE Ban Is Put oh European Commerce Also and Is ass Outburst of the New National Spirit. Washington Star. The signs that China is awakening to the responsibilities that are crowding upon her are manifold. That she no longer refuses "to take up the white man's burden" Is manifested by the treaty concluded at Shanghai with tho United States on the 8th of October, 1903, "to extend further commercial relations and otherwise sromote the interests of the peoples of the two countries in view of the. provisions of the flrst paragraph of Article XI of the final protocol signed at Peking on the 7th day of September, 1901." Article VII of the treaty declares: The Chinese government, recognizing that it is advantageous for the country to develop Its mineral resources and. that It Is de sirable to attract foreign as well as Chi nese capital, will permit citizens of the United States to carry on In Chinese ter ritory mining operations and other neces sary business -relating thereto, providing they comply with the new regulations and conditions which will be Imposed by China on its subjects and foreigners alike relating to the opening o mines." China, thus aroused from the sleep of ages, now prepares for the struggle for life. The United States manifestly must have and hold a particular interest mCblna, whilst Japan, dominating Corea and Man churia, will aspire to extend her "sphere of Influence" to China. Japan will attract and endeavor to control European and American capital, to exploit not her own resources, which are meager, but those of China, which are vast and almost limit less. To maintain and develop her newly found power, Japan alms to dominate China and thus becomes the natural rival of the Occident of the United States In particular, selling us everything, buying from us nothing. The maintenance of the territorial In tegrity of China, may be declared in the protocol of peace at Portsmouth If there may be such peace but the letter of the treaty counts for little it the spirit Is wanting, a fact amply illustrated by the violation of the treaty of Shimonosekl, executed by Russia and Japan In 1SD5. by which the. Independence and autonomy of Corea was solemnly guaranteed, a guar antee which Corea at this moment Is asking the United States in vain to as sure. On the other hand, we are told that Japan is In favor of the "open door" in the Orient In China. "What fools we mortals be." The open door, forsooth! It appears that the futility of an open door has never occurred to the Occidental, for when Japan shall have fairly begun the exploitation of the Far East with Occidental capital, which she may obtain at will, the exploitation of the varied industries of Corea, Manchuria and China will be effected with labor at 10 cents a day. How, may it not be asked, can the Occidental utilize an open door under such manifest disparity of conditions? The boycott which has been widely ac cepted as directed solely against Ameri can commerce In China, appears to be waged likewise against European com merce, and. It should Be added cynically, against British commerce, as heretofore cited In the protest of the 70 or more di rectors of British trading houses in China to Lord Lansdowne, the Importance of which has since been accentuated by the Information that the boycott has ex tended to Nagasaki, a fact which must have been the subject of curious consid eration and reflection by the British Min ister for Foreign Affairs. China is essentially agricultural. Land is all freehold, held by families on pay ment of a tax to government. The work animals are oxen and buffalo and the farm imnimPTits nrimltlvc. Wheat har tley, maize and millet, with peas and beans, are grown in tne nonn; . cotton. Indigo, sugar and rice In the south; opium and silk In all sections. The mul berry tree grows everywhere. Tea is cultivated In tho west and south. An Important feature in the develop ment of Chinese Industries Is the erection of cotton mills In Shanghai, and filatures for winding silk from cocoons in Shang hai. Canton and Chefoo. All the eighteen provinces contain coal, and China may be regarded as one of tho greatest coal countries In the world. The Ta-Yet iron mines. In consideration of a loan of 3,000.000 yen at 6 per cent, has been mortgaged to a Japanese syndicate for thirty years, the Han-Yang foundry engaging to buy from 70,000 to 100.000 tons of ore annually during that period, at prices already fixed till 1915. Copper oro is plentiful in Yunnam. Tin and gold are mined In Hainan and Fuklen. The want of a fixed monetary unit in China Is manifested In the financial crisis which Is now threatened. The copper cash has a floating value of 1.60O to 1 dollar or halkwan tael, silver bullion or syace, be ing the usual medium of exchange. Railways, like mining enterprises, are under the control of the board of com- ALFONSO DISEASED: NO BRIDE Madrid dispatch to Philadelphia Press. Further concealment of the physical and mental condition of King Alfonso being impossible. Dr. Macho, private chaplain to the royal family, admitted that the youthful monarch probably would prove a consumptive, and that his marriage to the robust Princess Patricia, of Con naught never would take place, as all negotiations for a marital union had been broken off by King Edward of England, following a report of two physicians, members of Alfonso's suite, when he was a visitor in England. Thus ends all hope that the royal line In Spain will be continued in direct de scent The King's father died at 2S. with all the evidences of extreme old age, fol lowing a life of wild dissipation, which his frail physique was unable to with stand. Alfonso was a posthumous child, born six months after his father's death, and Inherited all his weaknesses. The suggestion of marriage to the-pallid, nerveless boy King of Spain was in tensely repugnant to the healthy young woman who had been selcted as his bride, but royal matlngs permit no denial If the alliance be an affair of statecraft If the doctors had made a favorable report. In stead of telling the truth, the Princess Patricia, in all probability, would have been Joined for life to a weakly youth. Incapable of grasping his own responsi bilities or assuming them, and with al most a certainty of early death. Following the accepted programme of deception which Spain has observed for centuries as to its rulers. Alfonso has! been represented to be vigorous and pos sessed of an alert and active mentality, when he possessed neither. So complete ly were the ipeople deceived that the an archists feared he might become a power In the kingdom and sought his life. In last May an attempt was made to assas sinate him In-Paris when hewas riding in a, carriage with President Loubet A bomb was thrown and la persons were Injured. The young King and Loubet escaped injury. That Alfonso did not realize his peril was shown in the flip pant utterances he made, which were transformed into grandiloquent expres sions by his courtiers. When the Spanish ruler went to Eng land, following the attempt on his life. he took more interst In feeding the monkeys In the Zoological Gardens than In attempting to understand questions of statecraft. There were many reports of a marriage engagement. His mother was said to favor the Archduchess Gabrielle, of Austria, and the King himself was re puted as looking lovingly on the Princess Victoria Louise, of Germany, If she would consent to embrace his religious faith. But all that gossip narrowed down to the Princess Patricia, of Connaught, and the people of England were really brought to believe it would be a match, knowing nothing of the Inquiry set on foot by their sovereign. The only wonder of It all is that the truth could have been sup pressed so long. merce and railway companies and under takings are subject to their regulations. . The China-American Development Com pany, of which J. P. Morgan controls the majority of stock, holds a concession for the construction of the Canton-Hankow railway, for the surrender of which China has offered the American Com pany 57,000,000. Mr. Morgan desires to sell, but King Leopold, a stoekholder. Is opposed. The Chinese are reported as anxious to buy It back in order to com plete It themselves. An article In the New York Journal of Commerce of August 1L entitled "American Prestige In the Far East." warns the State Department In the following language: "We confess our inability to see how the prestige of the United States In the far east or elsewhero is to be advanced by keeping this ques tion open. So far as American influence in China Is concerned the mischief was done when a controlling majority of the stock of the American-China Develop ment Company was sold to the avowed agent of the syndicate headed by the King of the Belgians. The attitude of the Chinese toward the corporation will remain one of flxed suspicion and dis trust, and it can hardly be to the ad vantage of American prestige In the far east to have such a company build a rail way for China against the express desire and proved readiness of the Chinese to do it for themselves." Like Caesar's wife. America's good name in China must be held high and above suspicion. The lesson of the Boxer rebellion was cruel. China, May 2S, 1901, agreed to pay to the powers 450.000,000 taels for Injuries Inflicted, the powers consisting of Austria-Hungary. Belgium, France, Ger many, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, tho Netherlands, Russia and the United States. On the other hand the lesson of that re bellion brought about a much needed re form In the matter of the military or ganization, inspired Indeed by LI Hung Chang, but executed by his successor. Gen. Yuan Lie Kwai. actually the vice roy of Pechlll. The normal central author ity for the military organization of tho empire Is the newly established Lien Ping Chu or army organization office. The historic forces of the "Eight Ban ners" exist no longer as an army. The bannermen ore recruited for service In one or other of the newly founded corps, but there Is no obligatory service for them in these ranks. The Lu Yung or army of the "Green Standard" (the Chin ese are opposed to the Manche or Banner troops) has similarly no further existence, as a fighting force. . Both these forces are in process of for mation. The Pel Yang (northern army), composed of the troops In the province of Pechlll and Including those of Shan tung, numbers 90,000. The Nam Yang, or southern army, under the viceroys at Nan Kung and Wu Chang, does not possess the degree of cohesion visible In the northern forces, and its numbers are difficult to gauge with any precision. Thes- possible reach o0,C0. Progress Is undoubtedly being made in creating a fighting force, but there Is a complete dearth of officers, and vast sums of money are misappropriated In tho purchase of materials. A general who commanded In Peking informed a European officer that he com manded 10.000 men, but the European dis covered that he actually commanded but 800! His method was common to China, He received the money to pay. feed and clothe 10.000 men. If his army was to bo Inspected he hired coolies at 200 cash, about 10 cents a day, to appear on parade. This was perfectly well known to the In specting officer, but the latter received a bribe to report that he had Inspected tho array and found It In perfect order. Gen. Yuan Sle Kwai, tne viceroy. Is a marked pxception to this class. The writer knew him intimately during tho two years of his official residence In Seoul, Korea (1SS7-S9). when Yuan was then H. I. M. Chinese resident. Yuan was returned to China In 1S86. and after serving with gallantry as division commander he was appointed viceroy of Pechlll. to succeed LI Hung Chang, In No vember, 1901. Pechlll. with Its popula tion of 21.000 Inhabitants. Is an Important post It includes the ports of Tong-ku and Tientsin, and thus guards the gate ways to the capital and the avenues to the throne. China found a man and master in tho late Li Hung Chang, who. devoted to the old order of things, controlled the des tines of his country with wonderful abP Ity. The moment Is approaching when China. In process of evolution, will re Quire a leader, a patriot and a soldier. When that hour arrives Gen. Yuan SIo Kwai may have occasion to take the part to which destiny may have assigned him in the consolidation of the forces of his country under the cry of "China for the Chinese." which Is not precisely tho present program of the mikado. JAPAN'S FINANCIAL SITUATION Thomas F. Millard in Scrlbner's. Aside from the probability of a new foreign loan, many persons In Japan are beginning to feel decided uneasiness about the present financial situation. There 13 an apprehension that gold paymonts may be suspended at almost any time, and many persons and some business firms are having their bank deposits transferred to Europe and America. With .the gold ob tained by the recent foreign loan, and what Is left from the flrst one. together with what can be taken from the govern ment bank reserve, it Is probable that the government can keep going rntil the flrst of next year. It 13 estimated that about two-thirds of the war purchases arc made abroad, and gold is required to pay these. It Is possible that In a pinch the govern ment might meet Its internal expenses bj" issuing more paper currency. But at present the Nippon GInko has outstand ing paper notes amounting to 320 percent of Its gold reserve, and there Is a limit to which this can be carried before currency depreciation begins. There is practically no gold in circulation in the country, and comparatively llttlo is to be found in the form of Jewelry and the like. Hardly any gold Is produced In the country, and experts think that such gold deposits as exist are about exhausted. With an an nual revenue of only 230,000.000 yen (J113. 000,000) In ordinary times, and that barely equal to the budget, it Is difficult to see how any part of he principal of the now existing debt Is ever to be paid. Since the war special taxes have been levied, which are expected to net this year about 120. DQ0.000 yen. From this, however, must be deducted the customs receipts and other sources of ordinary revenue hypothecated to pay Interest on the foreign war loans. And even when the war Is ended, the in terest on the war domestic loans, which Is payable in gold, will eat up the reve nue secured by the war taxes. It seems probable, therefore, that the government will not be able to remove the war taxes, which must be regarded as a permanent burden upon an already impoverished country. Even with a continuation of this extra revenue. It Is by no means cer tain that the Interest on the present loans can be met after a few years. A Puzzling: Reflection. Chicago Chronicle. In spite of the honors recently paid to Paul Jones by the Navy Department. It is a puzzling reflection that if Paul Jones were alive today he could not get a com mission In the United States Navy ex cept In the remote contingency that he should enlist and succeed in getting one of the half-dozen commissions which' are yearly available to enlisted men who pass a particularly stiff examination. Up to four or Ave years ago he would not have had even that chance. The only way to the quarter deck then was through tho Naval Academy, and it Is not much dif ferent now.