6
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDASV aTTGUST 13, 1005.
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PORTLAND, OR., MONDAY. AUGUST 14.
STATESMANSHIP IN IDAHO.
The impression we get about Idaho
irough the frequent phillippics of Hon.
IFred T. Dubois, of Blackfoot, is that
fit Is reeking with polygamy and sodden
rith Mormonism. The Impression we
might get from the vivid rhetoric of
iHon. TV. B. Heyburn. of Spokane, is
of an indlcnant and deserving people
jutraged by an unscrupulous national
idministratlon through Its Infamous
forest reserve policy. The Impression
Kwe have from the quiet and convincing
Oratory of Hon. W. E. Borah, of Boise,
Is that Idaho gets along very well with
the Mormons and with Roosevelt; and
tat it refuses to get excited about
jolygamy or the President's effort to
fsave the forests for the benefit of the
rhole people.
The Mormons are criminals and there
la nothing in Idaho but polygamy, cries
)ubols. There is no polygamy in Ida
io, because it is against the law, and
the people of Idaho are law-abiding,
lswers Borah. The forests were made
to be despoiled by anybody that comes
ilong, yells Heyburn. The forest re
serve policy is correct; the bona fide
settler will be taken care of, responds
Jorah.
Now, what is Idaho going to do about
lit? Senator Dubois has done much to-
Eward giving Idaho an unenviable no
Storlety by his lamentations about the
jriminal practice' of the Mormons, so
that there is In the United States a
considerable number of people who
thlnk the dreadful monster polygamy
has crushed out every decent instinct
fcof Its citizenship. Senator Heyburn
tas oDoosed the national administra
tion in Its war on the land-crabbers
id timber thieves, and he has done
mch to show that Idaho Is not keep
ing step with the mights' march on
le grafters. If Idaho deserves to
emerge from the cowboy and pickax
eriod. it will have to change its rep
resentation in the Senate at Washing
ton. The Oregonlan doesn't at all say
lat Borah is the man to send; but
t unhesitatingly declares that some
Irian who stands for the things Borah
idvocates will do better things for
iaho at "Washington than its present
intl-Mormon acitator and bow-wow
statesman. "Who It shall be Idaho will
3f course determine for itself.
JAPAN AND THE NEWSPAPERS.
Russia made no mistake when It sent
Er. Witte to the peace conference. He
Lnderstands the diplomatic came.
Iiough his methods are not Russian.
Jhey are American in their candor and
Irectness. His first play is to "smoke
mt" the Japanese by taking the lid off
ielr subtle and ingenious secrecy.
tussla. on the defensive, a defeated
f.nd humiliated people, must depend
iow on her wits to get the most favor
ite possible terms from her victorious
toe. it is her first business, then, to
use the active sympathy of the
world's opinion. How? By making it
Lppear that Japan intends to squeeze
Ihe last drop of blood from Russia, and
!hat her continued mystery and silence
.bout her peace terms, entirely char
acteristic of Japanese policy, and her
hefusal to permit the Russian delegates
make them officially public, are in
spired by a fear that other civilized
wers may Interfere. What Japan
tvants is Russia's consent, willing or
mwilling, to her proposals. What the
Lorld then says will not matter much.
It is therefore clear why we find Mr.
fitte talking freely to the newspaper
)rrespondents. He does not under
stand English but he knows human
Inature. "Gentlemen," he says in ef
fect, "I want to throw these proceed
ings open to the public. I desire that
you shall know everything. We have
nothing to conceal; but as it is, Japan
wants everything kept dark. We want
the world to Judge between us; but how
can it judge unless it knows all about
everything?"
It cannot When Japan shall dis
cover that the press of the world can
not be continually mystinea about a
momentous proceeding being carried on
under its very eyes, it may see fit to
change its tactics. The right of Japan
to establish a press censorship in Japan
and at the seat of war may be con
ceded, because it has to be; but at
Portsmouth, there is a difference. What
is going on there the world has a right
to know, and It is an error for Japan
to deny It.
A NEW LIGHT BREAKING.
"While the light holds out to burn,"
etc. Former leaders of the opposition
to the policy of reduction In the tarifT
on sucar and tobacco from the Philip
pines have suffered a change of heart.
Not only would they now consent to
reduction of the tariff, but they would
willingly go a sten farther and entirely
remove it from those staples which are
such cTeat factors in the trade of our
new dependencies across the Pacific
It is of course not at all probable that
the sutrar trust or the tobacco trust
will regard this proposed reform with
the keenest satisfaction, but there is
a growing disposition on the part of the
American peoole to get away from the
domination of those institutions. So
strong Is this sentiment becoming that
it is probable the trusts may show loss
direct antasronlsm to the proposed re
form than is expected.
The fight. If a hard one Is made
acalnst free trade with the Philip
pines, will undoubtedly be for reten
tion of refined sugar or manufactured
tobacco on the dutiable list, while the
raw material will probably come in free
with but little opposition from the big
refiners and manufacturers; As It
would be unfair to the American sugar
and tobacco planters to bring in the
raw material to help the manufactur
ers, without also bringing in the man
ufactured article to help the consumers.
no distinction should be made. This
belated reform movement, if it is car
ried to a successful termination and
we have the opinion of so excellent a
tariff authority as Representative Gros-
venor that "the outlook for its passage
is very favorable" will prove bene
ficial to this country for other reasons
than the supplying of our consumers
with cheap sugar and tobacco.
Our American exporters have always
suffered a handicap In securing ton
nage for the Far East, by reason of
their inability to supply return car
goes for the ships which carry our flour,
wheat, lumber, cotton and merchandise
to the Orient. With the tariff removed
from sugar and tobacco, a considerable
amount of tonnage will be required to
handle these products, and, with cargo
both ways, ships can afford to handle
our products at a lower freight rate
than they could make if they were
obliged to travel one-half the round
voyage In ballast Now that the men
who formerly opposed free trade with
the islands have begun to appreciate
its advantages, there Is hope for an
other reform of even greater impor
tance. In July. 1906, the law prohibiting any
but American vessels from carrying
freight between the United States and
the Philippines will become effective.
Unless this law is repealed in a very
short time after it becomes effective,
our trade with the Far East will re
ceive a most serious blow. It has al
ready been demonstrated, through lim
iting the handling of government
freight to American bottoms, that cost
of the service is vastly increased over
the cost where the business Is open to
competition from the fleets of the world.
The Philippines are producing and as
civilization advances will increase pro
ductionsugar, tobacco, jute, orna
mental woodp. and other raw mater
ials which can be turned Into manu
factured state in this country to great
advantage. Europe Is also an extensive
purchaser of these products, and they
are carried to her manufacturing cen
ters by the ships that make the low
est freight rates. Irrespective of the
flas: that flies over them.
This matter of freights on low-priced
raw material is a very big factor in
the cost of the finished product, and
if the American manufacturers hope to
enterthe field in competition with the
Europeans, they must be permitted to
take advantage of competition in
freights, which, under the law effec
tive next June, is eliminated. A good
beginning has been made In the move
ment to repeal the hampering tariff
laws, but to make the work complete
and place us in our own trade field on
even terms with our competitors, we
must be permitted to charter ships at
the same rates paid by the foreigners.
with whom we are competing In other
trade fields as well as the Philippines.
LOOKING TOWARD PARKED STREETS.
A movement has begun In Portland
whose object is to reform the paving
of streets in residence districts and at
the same time to park that part of
the roadway not actually used for traf
fic. Briefly stated, the proposed re'
form is based on the fact that except
in the business sections, only about
one-half of the space between curbs
is used by vehicles. It is held by those
who have watched traffic in other
cities as well as in our own that a
driveway 24 feet wide is ample for all
purposes.
This reform Is not theoretical. It has
been adopted in several cities of the
Middle West and Canada with more
than satisfactory results. Illustration
in text and picture of what has been
accomplished in these cities was to be
found In The Sunday Oregonlan yester
day. For the views The Oregonlan is
Indebted to Mr. E. A. Kempe, a former
resident of Minneapolis, who has made
Portland his home. He is a strong ad
vocate of the reform and has been do
ing some quiet missionary work.
It Is likely that the movement will
soon take concrete form in Portland.
Property-owners on Fourteenth street
have been conferring on the proposi
tion to park that thoroughfare from
Montgomery to Burnslde and make It
the handsomest street in the city. This
street Is 80 feet wide, the sidewalks
take up 12 feet each, leaving a road
way of 56 feet With a permanent
roadway narrowed to 30 feet there will
remain 13 feet on each side to be sown
to grass and planted to trees. The
prevalent Idea is to put out elms nine
feet from the curb and 30 feet apart
But most of Portland's streets are 60
feet wide. This cuts no figure in the
general proposition, say those who have
seen streets of that width parked.
Make the driveway 24 feet wide and
there will be eight feet at either side
for grass plot and row of trees out
side the present curb line. To the ar
gument that some residence streets
must, sooner or later, be given over
to business there is offered the answer
that you needn't cross that bridge till
you come to it The parking can then
be abandoned for durable pavement
One phase will appeal to all prop-crty-ownexSi
namely, xedace4. jnsl of
street Improvements. The expense of
paving 26 feet will be about one-third
less than for 40 feet. Advocates of the
reform see, as the outcome of the
movement and It will take some years
for fruition roadways of permanent
material in the better residence dis
tricts replacing macadam, which In
Winter Is muddy and in Summer dusty.
Whether the movement" shall become
popular or not. the work of those who
are pioneering it will be watched with
interest. ,
MR. ILVRRIMAN'S NEW THEORY.
Settlement of the whole United States
for the last fifty years has proceeded
on the idea that country must be made
accessible, and its development made
profitable, before settlers of average
sense can be expected to enter it Ever
since the notion was exploded that a
neighbor within a mile was a nuisance,
and injured the hunting, the plan has
been followed of building roads, first
dirt and then Iron, end lastly steel,
as the forerunner oT settlement and.
habitation. Even Mr. Harrlman knows
and practices modern railroading else
where than In Oregon. In Texas, for
example, his companies have built
hundreds of miles of road to open the
country. After the road came settle
ment and then the railroads sold mil
lions, literally million?, of acres of land
grant lands to the settlers at cheap
rates. But the remaining lands of the
great Oregon and California land grant
thirty miles wide, have been taken off
the market and are reserved for an
increase of ultimate profit by the own
ers of Mr. Harriman's roads. Possibly
the railroad might earn more If these
withheld lands were sold and settled.
Certainly the population of Oregon
would speedily grow more quickly than
at present and, by Mr. Harriman's
new rule, more railroad would be built
Let that pass for the present with the
suggestion to Mr. Harriman that, if
he really desires more people here, more
traffic, more products, one easy way
would be to put the land grant lands
on the market once again.
Let us see. If the clamor of Oregon
for more railroads should be hushed,
even on the new Harriman theory of
people and development first and rail
road afterwards. The extension of the
Columbia .Southern for the long ninety
odd mile stretch from Shanlko to Bend
was promised by Mr. Harriman a year
and & half ago and is now promised
again. Has Mr. Harriman, or has Mr.
Cotton, who knows Oregon so very in
timately, ever heard of the 600 people
living on the agency plains, who raised
18,000 bushels of wheat last year? This
region is less than half way from Shan
lko to Bend.
Who are right. Mr. Harriman and
Mr. Cotton, or Mr. Hutchinson, the
well-known land commissioner of the
Deschutes Irrigation and Power Com
pany? From the last named we learn
that his company has sold 30,000 acres
of, this irrigated land, already to actual
settlers. These men have gone In, bag
and baggage, J00 miles or so, beyond
Mr. Harriman's terminus, hauling
goods. Implements, furniture, three
days' journey to their purchased land.
with sublime faith In Mr. Harriman's
promises. The irrigation works of that
company will reach 214,812 acres. They
say they have spent $SM,O00 and ex
pect to spend in all 52,266.009. All this
is at the end of Mr. Harriman's prom
ised extension to Bend, and offers what
railroad magnates, as a rule, would
consider inducement enough not to stop
at Bend, but to open up. the rest of a
territory with more Irrigable land In it
than the Palousc and the Yakima coun
try combined.
If Mr. Harriman does not know the
facts about Middle Oregon for they
are common property here, too well
known to be disputed whone fault is
it? His own delegates have spied out
the land and reported on It The Gov
ernor of Oregon, with the officers of
state, journeyed over It and they told
their tale. The newspapers have done
their work, early ana late. Investors
in irrigation enterprises, railroad en
gineers and surveyors, land buyers.
prospectors, deputations from groups
of intending settlers, county surveyors,
state Senators and representatives.
mortgage loan agents, cattle buyers and
cattle and sheep raisers everyone, ex
cept Mr. Harriman knows of these
5$,0W square miles of country, abun
dant in resources, not dependent on ir
rlgation but being developed by it set
tied, civilized, with, county seats and
national banks, and with telephones
criss-crossing the land. They know,
everybody except Mr. Harriman knows,
that the wealth of these counties even
now is measured by millions; but It is
Infant compared with what only waits
a railroad to be produced. The Agency
Plains settlers are types of thousands.
They are courageous because they have
dared to go forfh ahead of railroad
and canal; energetic, because they have
builded their houses, and set up their
fences, and plowed their fields, and set
out their orchards, in reliance on the
ordinary, necessary, agencies of our
civilized life followintr aulckly on their
steps; patient and persevering, because
when hope has been deferred and hearts
have grown sick from waiting they
have not given up their fight with na
ture or lost faith in man. They are
there yet and the stream of settlement,
though slow and obstructed, has not en
tirely ceased. California will get there
if Oregon falls. That is sure.
The Oregonlan prints today a letter
from the New Orleans Progressive
Union protesting against the "gross ex
aggeration, misstatement of fact, and
publications of an alarmist character"
that have appeared in many newspa
pers relative to the yellow fever situ
ation In the unhappy southern city.
The Oreonian cannot speak for other
newspapers, but it can assure the Pro
gressive Union that there Is no desire
or purpose on its part to make heav
ier the New Orleans burden of woe
and misery. The truth Is quite alarm
ing enough. Saturday there were more
than 100 new cases of yellow fever and
yesterday 50. The epidemic seems to
be growing worse rather than better;
but confidence may be felt that the
splendid fight being waged on the
scourge by the government marine
surgeons will prevail. New Orleans
faces its dreadful dilemma with cour
age and has placed all needed funds In
the hands of the surgeons and nurses;
so we may expect beneficent results.
The movement eastward of cattle
from the great ranges of Montana and
Wyoming Is in full progress. Accord
ing to the Chicago Drover's Journal,
through arrivals from these ranges
have been "slightly bruised as a result
of too frequent unloading consequent
upon the enforcement of the twenty
eight hour law." The National Hu
mane Sacietv, that is responsible for
the enactment of tljis twenty-eight
hour law. will doubtless take Issue
with the Drover's estimate of the cause
of the "slight brulslngs" of these cat
tle from the ranges. In transit to the
stockyards In Chicago. If the crowding
of the beasts In the cars and the meth
ods pursued in loading and unloading
do not result In more than "slightly
bruised" arrivals at the slaughter
houses. It is probably because those
who make up the reports only take note
of "bruises" that cause the animal to
die before final discharge of enrge be
gins. In view of the unavoidable suf
ferings of range cattle In transit, not
to mention the cruelties needlessly In
flicted upon them, the humane person
may look upon the canned product of
the packing-houses with pleasure born
of the thought that the miseries of the
creature thus "embalmed" are over.
It is gratifying to find the Seattle
Times making diligent effort to see that
Seattle week at the Lewis and Clark
Fair Is a great success. The Times Is
anxious to send Wagner's band to the
Fair to show, no doubt, how much bet
ter is Seattle's band than other bands
and to that laudable end wants to
raise $S00. Here Is the unique method
the Times takes for getting the money:
Through the Interposition of Divine Provi
dence, about 500 men in Seattle have been
made wealthy on account of the advance in
reel estate recently. We can think of one
gentleman who -was willing to sell his land on
Denny Hill for about $50,000 before th re
grade wax ordered on Second avenue, but
-who did sell it a few weeks ago for the
rplendld cum of J 123.000. What a bagatelle
Indeed it -would be for that gentleman to
Just order Wagner to take hla band to Port
land and etay all the week.
If the Second-avenue plutocrat resists
this appeal, it may be hoped that the
Times will not be discouraged, but will
single out some others of the lucky
five hundred.
The' eleven boys who ran away from
the State Reform School Saturday af
ternoon may find that there are worse
places than that institution. Most of
the boys who have been committed to
the Reform School are better fed.
housed and clothed than they were at
home, and perhaps have more kindly
treatment But It Is one misfortune of
many people, old as well as young, not
to know when they are well off. Run
ning away has Its pleasant features.
but a few days of hiding In the woods
with nothing but berries and cold water
for subsistence will make some of the
youngsters wish they were back at the
school, where three warm meals are
served every day and where soft beds
rest the weary muscles at night.
The determination announced by
Food and Dairy Commissioner J. W.
Bailey to compel all dairymen to keep
their stables clean is commendable and
it is to be hoped that he will carry his
plans into execution. It Is more trouble
to keep a stable clean than to let it
become filthy, but the consumer has a
right to have pure milk delivered when
he pays for it It is not practicable
for each buyer of milk to visit the
dairy and investigate conditions, so it
is entirely proper that this important
duty should be performed by a publio
official. Probably Oregon dairies are
kept as clean as those of other states,
but there are always a few dairymen
who will be careless.
It is a reasonable provision of law
that a corporation which has not paid
its taxes shall not be permitted to
transact business or use the power of
the courts during the delinquency. Cor
porations are creatures of the law and
can have no rights whatever except
those conferred by law. Since they en
joy special privileges they should bp
required to fulfill strictly all obligation?
to the government under whose author
ity they exist Too often, on the con
trary, their chief end seems to be to
evade the observance of statutory reg
ulations. In the case of payment of
taxes. Oregon seems to have a law
which should be easy to enforce.
The French Arbitration Society ha3
cabled to Mr. Witte and Baron Komura
the text of a petition signed by 100,000
Frenchmen asking for an Immediate
armistice and the conclusion of peace.
The response of the Illustrious pair who
will receive the petition will probably
recall the answer of Captain Carroll,
the veteran Alaska navigator, who was
approached by a lady passenger with
a numerously signed petition asking
him to tie up for the night in order
that certain scenery along the route
could be viewed by daylight "Madam,"
said the sad sea dog. "this boat is not
run by petitions."
Of all of the brutal, desplsable, cow
ardly outlaws with which the earth 13
cursed but few can equal In malignant
meanness, the brute who poisons or
maims a dumb animal for the purpose
of revenge on its owner. If It can be
proven that the handsome mare which
has been on exhibition near the Fair
grounds was killed by a poisoner, every
possible effort should be made to have
the punishment come as near as pos
sible to fitting the crime.
The doctors who claim to have dis
covered a cure for leprosy after sev
eral months of experiments In the Phil
ippines, decline to have their names
made public Their reticence in thU
resoect will add to the credibility of
their assertions. One trouble with new
discoveries In medicine is that too often
their chief use is to serve as adver
tisements for the discoverers.
Young men who hope sometime to
serve on the detective force In Port
land must not be deceived. Profanity
and other indecent language are not
prerequisites to an appointment even
thouch Portland can boast of having
in its. employ the most foul-mouthed
detective in the world.
A correspondent declares that al
though Hades may be a lake of fire, he
Is certain that it supports vegetation,
for Its Instruments of torture would
not be complete without an evergreen
blackberry vine.
We suppose that Mayor Lane's hesi
tation comes entirely from the fact
that he is uncertain whether to require
his detective force to bump the bumps
or chute the chutes.
Governor Folk may not come to Port
land because he can trust no one else
to sit on the lid. Has it occurred to
the Governor that he might bring the
lid with him? .
All we can do now Is to hope that
the parents of all those prodigies at the
baby show will be the best pleased
couples In the is: Grid, with, Dan McAllen
Intending.
OREGON OZONE
A Xew Paper in Oklahoma.
Now we'U catch it!
Carrie Nation
Runs "The Hatchet4,
Great creation!
As a slasher
And a slammer
And a smasher
'Tis no shammer.
I
Such a journal
As "The Hatchet!"
No diurnal
Sheet can match It
1
To this weekly
Let us bend us.
Mild and meekly.
Lest she end us.
If the Sheriff
Don't attach it.
Long we'll hear of
Carrie's "Hatchet."
The group photograph of President
Roosevelt and the peace envoys proves
conclusively that Komura will never con
sent to fight It out personally with Witte.
The funny man on the Indianapolis
Morning Star 13 named Joe Miller. It was
Inevitable that the author of Joe Miller's
Joke Book should break Into print again.
A Portland young man who has been
calling It "Loover" all his life has been
enlightened since the Exposition brought
its art exhibit to town, and now ha calls
"It "Lowvcr."
How could a foreign opera writer with
a namo like Humperdlnck fall to score?
Fate is cruel! A Kansas man died last
week whose heart's desire for years had
been to possess a Panama hat. He re
solved, back In 1S90. to put away 23 cents
a month toward the fortune required to
purchase a real Panama. Last week his
hoard reached the necessary figure and he
started for the hat store, but died of heart
disease upon the threshold. As James
Whltcomb Rllcy would say, "there's
nothln' more pathetlcker" than that
Hiram Hayfleld writes from Grass
Valley that he Is coming up to the Expo
sition poultry show "with1 the oldest
China peasant" In captivity. How about
yellow slavory. now?
To the Header.
If I were you and you were T,
Now wouldn't things be quite awry?
You'd have to be Jocose and gay
And sing the sundry songs I sing;
I'd have to road them every day!
(I wouldn't swap for anything!)
Elucidated.
Jimmy Say. what's a Woodman of
the World?
Tommy Why, it's a Wow; they spell
It W. O. W.
Jimmy I know, but why do they
call him that?
Tommy Well, a woodman, you
know, as a man that handles an ax?
Jimmy Cert
Tommy And he lives in town and
don't know the tricks of choppln' wood
see? and ho chops off his finger the
first lick. Then he yells Wow! and
he's it
The Optimist.
It's better to be sunny and sad, I say;
It's better to be merry than road. I say;
Then let us be Joyous,
Whatever annoy us
Be sunny and merry and glad, I say. -
An Invitation.
Come out of the gloom;
Climb up to the light;
There's plenty of room
Where the sun shines bright
Come out of despair;
Climb up on the slope
Where the rays fall fair
On the forehead of hope.
Don't dwell In the twilight;
Don't grope in the gloom;
Up hero in the sky light
There's plenty of room.
ROBERTCS LOVE.
SURGERY FOR CHILD REFORM
Milwaukee Sentinel.
In a dispatch from Indianapolis a cor
respondent of the Chicago Record-Herald
tells of three cases treated by a local
physician In which Incorrigible boys
brought before the Juvenile Court had
been cured of their vlclousness. In each
case, so runs the story, the patient had
suffered through accidental Injury and
a depression or thickening of the skull
had followed. The children were young
when the accidents occurred, but marked
changes In their characters and dlsposl
tlons followed, one becoming a thief and
the others developing "pure cussedness'
to such a degree that they were the ter
rors of the neighborhoods in which they
lived.
The dispatch goe3 on to tell how tho
Judge of the Juvenile Court and a physi
clan, his personal friend. In the course
of a conversation on juvenile depravity.
speculated on tho possibility of bringing
about a reformation In particular cases
through the agency of surgical opera.'
tlons. Examinations were made In the
three cases treated, and. after the con
sent of the parents had been given, the
operations were successfully performed,
In two cases reformation was complete
in the third, that of the thief, the pa
tient has but recently been discharged
from tho hospital and the change in his
character, if any has been effected, has
not yet had time to develop.
This would appear to be a matter that
societies and public officers interested In
the correction and management of vicious
and delinquent Juvenile offenders might
investigate with profit It Is understood
of course, that the great majority of chll
dren that drift into this class are influ
enced by other causes than accidents to
become incorrigible. Environment, hered
ity. neclect and prenatal tendencies hav
much to do with recruiting tho ranks of
delinquent children; but bumps and blows
come frequently and with some force
during the days of childhood before tho
skull has attained its growth, and while
It Is susceptible to Injuries that may prove
permanent. If three cases of this kind
were discovered In Indianapolis, as re
ported. It Is worth while to look for elm
liar cases elsewhere. If three boys can
be saved from Involuntary and irresponsl
ble Incorrigibility by a simply surgical
operation, that, too. Is worth while.
The percentage of vicious children that
could be reformed by this method is pure
ly a matter of speculation, because the
surgeon Is not called In to examine such
cases. Parents do not as a rule keep
record of the bumps acquired by their
children from day to day, and it never oc
curs to them to submit a case of that kind
to a physician after the swelling has dis
appeared or the cut healed, it is possible,
therefore, for a child, born normal and
fit. to become through accident a vicious
and dangerous man, a disgrace to his
family, a menace to society, and a curse
to himself. The example set by the In
dianapolLs Jnflay and nhvslelan Is Korth
following.
TARIFF TIDE TURNING.
ew York Journal of Commerce and Com
mercial Bulletin. Ind. Rep.
Agitation upon the subject of tariff revi
sion and reciprocity treaties nowadays Is
Induced by anxiety about foreign markets
for our surplus products. This Is In strik
ing contrast with the time when the
chief solicitude was over the home mar
ket, and It Implies a changing sentiment
which must sooner or later lead to a new
commercial policy. The requirements for
reserving and developing the home mar
ket for domestic production are different
from those necessary for securing and
extending the foreign market. The old
policy of protection was supported by
plausible arguments. Its avowed purpose
was to build up and diversify manufac
turing Industries and provide a market
among our own people for products of the
oil. By restriction of the admission of
foreign manufactured goods by means of
high duties, foreign capital and labor
were Induced to come here to produce
them Instead of producing them at home
and sending them here In exchange for
raw materials and foodstuffs. This has
tened foreign Investment in our industries
and stimulated Immigration, and fo'r a
time It contributed to diversity of em
ployment for both capital and labor and
Increase of population, restricting the
export of natural products and enlarging
the market for them at home. The plea
was made that this not only stimulated
the development of our resources and our
growth in Industry and population as a
nation, but made us more Independent of
other nations and more sufficient unto
ourselves.
This was the theory of our protective
policy in the Industrial and commercial
Infancy of the country, and the argu
ments In support of It had certain force
which vanished long ago. Much fallacy
has taken Its place. While It may be
true that development and growth wero
hastened by protecting the domestic mar
ket against foreign invasion, that policy
was not the source or the primary cause
of the development and growth. That lay
In the natural resources and advantages
of the country, and foreign capital and
labor would have come In to avail of
these In profitable employment In any
case. Without "protection early pro
gress might have been plower. but it
would have been more healthy, and later
progress would have been more rapid as
well as healthier, and we should have
escaped the demoralizing and corrupting
abuses of the tariff policy. There is no
fallacy more gross and palpable than
that which attributes high wages for la
bor and high profit for capital in this
country to the restriction of Imports.
They are necessarily due to natural re
sources and advantages which enable us
to produce larger value than others at
smaller expenditure of labor and of
tho capital which Is the other chief factor
In production. The result may be In
creased by higher intelligence and ac
tlvlty and greater freedom In the appli
cation of energy, which add to efficiency
In production, but we are apt to overes
timate our superiority In those qualities.
Opportunity, no doubt, tends to stimulate
them, but so far as they are really more
highly developed than elsewhere there Is
the less need of protection against the
competition of others. With superiority
of resources and advantages, and of en
ergy and Industry, we could defy the
world in production and trade, with a
free field and no favor. If we fail at
any point It Is on account of inferiority,
and the advance made by Germany in
recent years Is mainly due to superior
Intelligence, industry, skill and training
applied to resources much inferior to
ours.
But that development and diversifica
tion of Industries, that accumulation of
capital and Increase of population, which
the early protectionist sought, were long
ago attained. The home market has been
built un and filled up. and wo have
reached the point where, not only In agri
culture, mining and forestry, but In many
lines of manufacturing, we are able to
produce a surplus for export What we
want Is not to hold our domestic mar
kets against others, but to gain access
to foreign markets. We can hope to ao
that only In competition with others and
by producing at as low a cost and selling
at as low prices as they do. By su-
oerior resources and superior capacity we
can do that without diminution of the
returns to capital or to labor pr lowering
of the standard of living, for It la to do
remembered that whatever the figures
representing wages or profits or prices.
the real source of wealth and weu-oetng
Is In volume of production and facility
of exchange. If we are to find more and
larger markets abroad and Increase our
foreign trade, we must abandon the policy
of restriction, remove obstacles and lower
barriers which add to the cost of Inter
change and limit the opportunities of pro
duction. In spite of a casuistry that has
become so familiar as to be accepted by
manv as" a truism, there can be no one-
elded trade between nations, no selling
without buying, no extension of exports
without corresponding Increase or im
ports in one form or another. The agi
tation for "outlets" for our surplus, ior
foreign markets, for freedom to sell to
advantage, must inevitably lead to a
change of view on the subject of restric
tive tariffs, and already there are Indi
cations that the tide of sentiment and of
thinking is turning. Reciprocity Is but a
means of mitigating the effects of an un
dlscriminating protective policy, and,
once beeun. It will find no stopping place
short of a revision of the tariff on the
principle of extending foreign trade by
making it freer and gaining access to the
markets of others by opening ours to
them.
A Famous Phrase.
Anaconda Standard.
An item going the rounds of the press
ascribes to the late Daniel fa. iamont tne
nriMn of the ohrase. "Public omce is
public trust" As the story runs. "When
private secretary to cieveiana. men wv
ernnr nf New York. Cononel Lamont com
piled a pamphlet made up of Cleveland's
nntfthie utterances. Being a trained news-
oancr man. Mr. Lamont naturally cast
about for a striking headline or title and
the famous phrase suggested Itself to his
minH " The Dhrase Is commonly an
buted to Mr. Cleveland himself. The fact
Is, a3 may be seen by referring to Bart-
etfft 'tFamlllar Quotations.- i.naney
Sumner as long ago as May 31, 1S72, more
than 10 years' before either Mr. Cleveland
or Mr. Lamont had achieved prominence,
wrote that "the phrase 'public office Is
n. nubile trust has of late become com
mon property." Bartlett, however, fails
to locate the origin of the phrase more
definltelv than that, although he lm
plies that It is a paraphrase of Thomas
Jpfferson's remark. "When a man as
sumes a public trust, he should consider
himself as pubjlc property.
The Country Sunday.
Isaac Ogden Rankin. In Consregatlonallat.
Not as of old. the pilgrim ciimDa
The -way to Zlon's hill;
Quenched the old fires of sacrifice.
The ancient praise is still.
For thou, our God, in every land,
Where'er thy people come,
Makest their hearts thy dwelling place,.
Their homes thy chosen home.
And -where In fellowship we build
Our house of common prayer.
Still, when we meet to worship thee,
Thou, Lord, art with us there.
The clear bell from hill to hill.
O'er meadow, stream and woed,
"Come from your toll, ye children, come.
Rest in God's fatherhood!"
In these mysterious sunlit skies.
Where white cloud chariots pass.
This wind that like thy spirit breathes,
This pool, thy heavens glass.
This cool rest of the maple's shade.
This song bird's carol free
We thank thee for a world. O Lord,
lniiinc.t with thoughts of thee
JAPANESE JNDUSTRIES.
Japan is succeeding in its efforts to
control the shipping trade along the
Chinese coast. The new service be
tween Shanghai and: Hongkong vte.
Fuchan and Amoy is doing a large busi
ness, which will be permanent, as it
provides connections between the serv
ice Joining Formosa ports and prts
of the Chinese coast. The Japanese gov
ernment subsidizes the line, subject to
the vessels arriving and leaving m
time. At present tho vessels In uee ar
all chartered vessels, but as sr as
tho war Is over they will fly th -
rayed flag of Japan. Of this Camms
Coast trade American vessels only repre
sent Vn per cent. Great Britain's shar is
oVA per cent.
Japan has 9020 agricultural, commer
cial, industrial and transportation In
corporated companies, with $S2.,a8
authorized capital, of which 5 4 ...-
000 was paid up on March 31. 10W. ttm
close of the Japan fiscal year. Tlw
growth since 1S96. the first fiscal yaar
after the Chlno-Japanpse war, t 4SSB
companies and $500.00ft.O.M paid up cap
ital. A further great expansion of Jap
anese business. " Internal and external.
will doubtless follow the close of the
present war.
Japan's crop of barley and wheat was
20.000.000 koku (lO.O-W.OdO bushels) in
1904. against 13.000.000 koku (S.5M.MA
bushels) in 1903. an increase of 7.)0.W
koku (3,500,000 bushels) just when thay
wero wanted the war year; the rice
crop was 50,000.000 koku (25.M4l.dM
bushels), an increase of 3.903. 0tW koku
(1.500,000 bushels); the raw silk pro
duced In 1903 was 2.400.000 kwan (24.
000.000 pounds troy), an Increase over
1901 of 200,000 kwan (2.00.9W pounds
troy); tho 1903 production of cotton
yarn was 2O.S0O.00O kwan (308,0,C
pounds troy), an increase over 19J1 of
300,000 kwan (3.000.000 pounds troy);
the "1903 production of coal was lt.dM.
000 tons, an increase of 1.50.0Mi ts
over 1901; of Iron the 1903 product wiw
8,500.000 kwan (S5.000.000 pounds troy),
an Increase of 700,000 kwan (7.034M
pounds troy) over 1901; of copper the
1903 output was 50.000.000 kin (7.,
000 pounds), an Increase over 1531 oC
5.000,000 kin (6.600.000 pounds): of pe
troleum the 1903 production was S0O.
000 koku (liquid) equal to Sl.m.M
American gallons, a small increase ov,i
1901, but double the product of lSt.
and quadruple the product of 1S57. It
would seem as If, for years, nature ImmI
been helping Japan to acquire National
assets as a financial basis for the pres
ent war. Rice, barley, wheat, raw silk,
cotton yarn, copper. Iron, coal and pe
troleum are Japnn.'s chief products.
From $13,500,000 exports and $13.04M.
000 Imports In 1SS4, a total of foreign
commerce of $26,500,000. to $156.0M.MO
exports and $1S1.000,00 imports in 104.
a total foreign commerce of $337.M,
000, an Increase of $310,500.HM). is the
record of tne growth of Japan s foreign
commerce In only ten years. How e a
country be kept back whoso ferelga
commerce increases $31.646.9ee eeck
year for ten years, starting with MAy
$26,500,000, and two of the years wr
years?
Profanity In Golf.
London Tit Bits.
"I want your advice. Mr. Prosle." seld
the church warden to the vicar.
"Yes, dear friend." replied the raverentl
gentleman, "and on what subjeet?"
"I've taken to playing golf." explittae
the other, "and I er find it difficult t
restrain er"
"Ah, I see what you mean." seld the
vicar; "bad language."
"Exactly." replied the pillar" ef the
church.
"Well, how would it be to pt a at a
in your pocket every time you SmmmI
yourself using a wrong word; Jeet a re
minder, you know?
"The very thing," exclaimed tne eMK&R
warden. "Thank you so much!" An se
they parted."
A few days later the worthy ciene w
passing along the road whleh led t the
links, when he met an Individual wfcewe
clothes stuck out an over wun great
knoby lumps.
Gracious me. Mr. Bagshawe. ' Ro crtett.
as the object approached nearer; "la that
really you?
Yes, its I," gruntea tne voice ot mm
warden.
'Why. you don't mean surely all those
aro not the result of my suggostiear
continued the horrified parson, gaztog at
the telltale bulges.
'These!" snorted the other, contomptH-
ously, "why, these are only the 'aaMMts.
The others are coming along on a wheel
barrow." Mayor "Weaver's Story.
New York Press.
Mayor Weaver, of the awakened elty
of Philadelphia, was talking to a re
porter about a very astute and wy pe
tlclan. It is difficult" said the Mayor, "to
get this man to do anything he doesn't
want to do. Cornered he aavances argu
ment after argument against the course
you desire him to pursue. He begins with,
weak arguments. You think you've got
him. But just a3 victory appears asetired.
he puts- forth a final argument that te
Insuperable, a final argument that floors
you thoroughly.
"The fellow Is like the fickle sailor ef
the old romance. This sailor was stroa.
handsome and gny. The girls liked Mm.
he. I fear, liked the girls. The foltowlafr
conversation one moonlight nlght in tho
tropics passed between him and a youur
wonjan:
" 'But I promised my wife, sweetheart,
that I would never marry a second time."
"The young girl, beautiful In the flat
tering moonlight murmured:
" 'Would you cast me off for the sake
of a promise to a dead woman?
" 'But she Isn't dead yet. said tho
fickle sailor."
Song of the Retrcatinc Russians.
Bertrand Sbadwell in New York MaH.
We're marching on to freedom. In the dark
before the dawning:
The shells are bursting round us. aud the
shrapnel shriek on high.
We're marching on to freedom, through the
black and bloody morning:
A crimson thread Is In the east and creeps
across the sky.
We're hopelessly defeated; let the Joyous
news be shouted.
Our armies are In full retreat and soon we
shell be free.
Outfought and outmaneuyered. outflanked
and raked and routed.
Three hundred thousand beaten men are
singing like the sea.
Our forces fill the valleys full; the plain Is
overflowing;
Our bayonets clothe the trampled earth
like fields of sloping corn.
Above the distant mountain tape the light Is
slowly growing.
A scarlet cord Is In the east and seen It
will be morn.
O grave, where Is thy victory O death,
where Is thy stinging?
"We die that Russia may be free; w9 Twse
that she may gain.
There's blood upon the read we take: ht
-still we take It singing.
Our triumph Is in our defeat, our glery In
our pain.
We're marching on Jo freedom through the
blood-red light of morning;
The cannon roar behind us and the dead
are falling fast.
You can see our patient faces, in the crim
son of the dawnlngj
We've suffered through the weary night,
but day has come at last.
For we're beaten beaten beaten! Let the
Joyous news be shouted;
We've lost the tyrant's battle now. and
soon we shall be free.
Wronged, robbed, oppressed, tormented. Im
prisoned, exiled, knouted.
A hundred million Russian Slavs are rta
1ns like tho sea.