12
THIS MOKXING OEEGONIAN. MONDAY, JULY 31, 1905.
PHASES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OREGON
1 --------.
TREASURE FROM
OREGON FIELDS
bounty Exposition Exhibits
Need Renewing to Get
Best Results.
DEEP WATER FOR BIG SHIPS
Little Facts of Great Values How
Apple Cider Is Converted Into
Vinegar Also How Sweet
Cider Is Preserved.
Among the minor industries recorded
Is the new cider vinegar factory at
Medford. The history of the enter
prise Is suggestive.
"Three years ago a vinegar factory
was started and several hundred bar
rels of cider were made, but the pro
jectors were not conversant with the
methods of turning the cider quickly
into vinegar and were unable to secure
anyone with the required knowledge.
The process of changing from rider
to vinegar by nature was too slow
for commercial purposes, so the en
terprise was abandoned and the plant
and stock were sold to Ingham and
Zlmmer. who have been conducting
a simlliar enterprise at Eugene.
Now these gentlemen propose build
ing an up-to-date. fully equipped
cider vinegar factory In Medford, and
are alreaviy making arrangements to
that end. The necessary machinery and
appliances are now on the way
from the East, a site for the factory has
been secured on the railroad company's
lands, adjoining the Osenbrugge ware
house, and within a few days construc
tion will commence on the building,"
says the Mall.
Process Is Simple.
Expediting of the double fermenta
tion necessary for turning apple Julco
into vinegar is accomplished by the
introduction of ferments, which are not
'difficult to obtain. Some few years ago
Professor Pcrnot, of the Oregon Agri
cultural College, published the neces
sary particulars. Experiment on a
small but practical scale convinces that
that process is both simple and sure. In
tho open barrel, three parts full of
sweet cider, a very small quantity of
the ferment culture was Introduced,
and nature did the rest. In a very few
days the little black flics, which indi
cate and also hasten the conversion,
made their appearance in quantities,
and the double fermentation was short
ly In evidence. Certainly the vinegar
produced was of the very best. This,
like home cheese-making is one of the
little industries of the farm which are
economical, easy and profitable.
The converse of tho vlnegar-maklng
process is referred to in the appended
letter from a trusted lady correspond
ent. This process, too. Is so easy that
it Is well worth trying that is for any
one who can deliberately propose to
keep his cider for three years one year
is too long for most of us.
To Preserve Sweet Cider.
Professor E. F. Pernot of the Ore
gon experiment station, has found a
process, by which Tie has opened sweet
cider after three years, when it was as
sweet as tho day it left the press. He
believes It would keep Indefinitely. The
juice is filtered of all sediment, and
placed In hermetically sealed bottles.
The tops loosely set on, they are set
in a steam chest, the temperature raised
to ICO degrees. After 15 minutes, they
are left to cool, until 24 hours later,
when the heat is again raised to the
same point. After cooling for another
like period, the heating is once more
applied. The corks are then tightened,
and when cool, they are dipped In hot
canning wax. I can venture to say, that
the same effect may be produced in the
common steam cooker, with the help of
the dairy thermometer, which registers
up to ICO. Sweet cider Is a valuable
family and harvest drink, especially
Kood for those of a rheumatic ten
dency." FAIR DISPLAY OF COUNTIES
SHOULD BE BETTER.
Early Harvest and Ripening of Vari
ous Crops Gives Opportunity
- for Increased Benefits.
The -various counties undertook a great
task when they bespoke io much space
in the Agricultural building. Nobly have
many of them done. But all will bear re
minding that exhibits need enlarging and
supplying Just as long as the Fair is kept
open. "With some of the counties It looks
as if their bolt had been shot by the day
the doors were opened. Others, possibly
richer, or more accessible, not only have
not lost interest, but prove this by their
activity.
If some of the counties, or rather the
representative men of the counties, could
hear the passing comments of the visit
ors there would be a considerable awak
ening. Many excuses were made for the
absence of fruit and vegetables in that
preparations ahead were not practicable.
But Nature is taking care of us in this
early season and ripening weather. It
is a sure thing that some of the counties
are already securing great returns for
their outlay. But on the other hand some
are losing rather than making by inevi
table comparisons. We have some pages
of notes of the exhibits as they are in
evidence. Some of them might hurt, so
perhaps it is best not to publish them
today in tho hope of improvement in the
sear future.
Even if immediate gain to some coun
ties is not yet apparent, let the following
be borne in mind: Most of the Fair vis
itors are here on round trip tickets. They
e&nnot be expected to stay and settle
sow. But they are taking notes with all
their might. "When they get home their
experiences and observations will not
only determine their own return here.
but will govern the action of many a
friend and neighbor. This was foretold
months ago. Now every observer admits
it. The great gains to Oregon will not
come until next year and the year after-
IS NOW FORESTRY SERVICE
Government Department Under New
Name May Become Invaluable.
In the official notice of the new name
for the Forest Department of the Govern
ment the aims of the newly named branch
arc given as follows:
"Studies of forest products.
"Methods of making timber more dur
able." "OTf tree planting." Then follows the
general, "all subjects which can promote
wiser and more profitable use of our sec
ond greatest resource." Under this gen
eral heading it is to be hoped will come
such an Intelligent and systematic view
and review of the timber resources of the
Nation especially in Oregon as shall de
termine the ripeness, and suitability for
early use. of the forest trees. The prac
tical woodman knows that the Indefinite
reservation from cutting of much timber
In this state is very poor policy. Ho
knows that ripeness is followed by rot
tenness in timber as surely as in fruit,
and that timber fit this year for the saw,
may be. In five or ten years' time, better
fit for the fire.
To preserve the timber of the Nation
from being stolen is an excellent course,
which Is pretty sure to be followed In
Oregon for some years to come. To shut
the forests from legitimate use Is to rob
tho Nation of the profit from Its own.
ORCHARD GRASS PROFITABLE
Morion County Farmer Finds Or
chard Grass Pays "Well.
Orchard grass Is among the most nutri
tious of grasses, and this item from the
Salem Statesman Is well worthy republi
cation. Orchard grass is grown in many
localities. It prospers In Western Oregon.
But the care for this crop and Its profit
able handling make an excellent showing
of the new farming where both enter
prise and Intelligence are brought to
bear. Tho Statesman says:
"Mr. H. H. Vandervort. who has a
farm on top of the hills west of Salem,
has tried an experiment tills year which
bids fair to pay him well for his trouble.
Last week he bound about 30 acres of
orchard grass, which, when threshed, will
yield him about 3000 pounds of seed,
which Is now worth in the market from
10 to 12 cents per pound. It is not a new
thing to raise orchard grass In this coun
try, but it is a new thing to take care of
It and thresh It for seed. Mr. Vnndor
vort's 20 acres of orchard grass will thus
pay him fully as much as If he had had It
in wheat, and it was a great deal less
trouble."
VESSELS OF HEAVY DRAFT
OREGON "WATERS.
IN
Yaqulna Harbor Attracts Many
Ocean Carriers of- Commerce.
Has Place In History.
The Willamette Valley Development
League had a good deal to say about the
advantage of a port or ports on the Ore
gon coast. They reminded their constit
uents of Yaqulna, almost forgotten by
most of us except as one of the best, if
not the most generally attractive Summer
resort accessible by rail. But the New
port paper reports the Arago from Coos
Bay a week ago on Sunday, the Newport
on Thursday, and the Robarts, a Govern
ment supply-ship for the Coast lighthouse
service, also was In port a few days ago.
The bar at low tide carried 15 feet of
water, according to the reports from the
various ships, which, with a 7.6 feet rise
of average tide. Is an easy proposition for
ships of considerable size and draft. Let
it not be forgotten that In tho season of
1SSP-90 no less than 24.0CO tons of wheat
were shipped out from this harbor. This
alternative outlet at that time affected
the Valley wheat crop to the extent of
about 5 cents per bushel in price. Since
that year considerable work has been done
by the Government in straightening and
deepening the entrance.
While on the subject of ocean traffic, It
is worth while to reprint tho record of
tho Aragonia a day or two ago.
Ten hours after leaving Portland the
.steamship Aragonia was on the Pacific,
having made an unusually quick run down
the rh-cr. She goes to Yokohama, Moji
and Hongkong with flour, machinery and
a general cargo. She drew a little over 21
feet, hairing obtained a light cargo this
trip. Tides wore favorable, and no time
was lost anywhere along the route.
The time made by the Aragonia in get
ting to sea shows very decidedly the con
dition of the channel at this time, when
the river is at an average stage. Leaving
the Albina dock at S o'clock. Captain
Pease, the pilot of the Portland & Asiatic
Company, took the vessel straight through
SOURCE OF SUPPLY FOR CANAL.
to Astoria without a hitch. Among the
items of freight on the Aragonia are S)
head of blooded cattle, bound for Japan.
Ball Barley Yields Well.
In- Eastern Oregon, the wheat harvest
Is in full blast, with every Indication of
a good crop and good prices.
In the Rogue River Valley, yields of
from 4S to 52 bushels per acre are reported
from some of the threshing outfits.
From Harney County an item Is noticed
as follows, regarding a successful experi
ment with one of the new varieties of.
beardless barley. The name is given as
"Ball barley. The samples shown were
60 Inches high, having well-filled heads,
and weighing pounds to the bus-heL The
straw is soft and seemingly relished by
stock.
SOP
"WEALTH OF OAK, LAUREL AND
MAPLE ABOUNDS.
Value for Veneering and Manufac
turing Purposes Not Appre
ciated by People of State.
The conlfera of Oregon. Douglas fir, red
and white cedar, spruce, sugar pine, yel
low pine, mountain larch, hemlock, have
overshadowed other merchantable trees In
her forests. But In the many hardwood
trees Oregon bus an asset of Increasing
value. On both sides of the Wluamctto
Valley the foothills are sprinkled over
with oak. In many cases of great age and
size, stretching up the hills to mingle with
iirs on the lower ranges.
An expert hardwood merchant from Illl-
nols, not many months since, stood exam
Inlng one of the gnarled, twisted, knotty
trunked oaks, probably five feet In diam
eter. 12 feet from the ground, where the j
great branches left the parent trunk. "Do ;
you know what that tree would be worth
to me if I had It in my lumber yard In
Illinois?" said he. "Not less than ISM to i
saw into quarter cak and veneers."
Here In Oregon the owner would prob- ,
a.Diy sex. worm oi ptanK out or it. and
burn the rest. The tract on which this
special tree stood had about 12 or It such
to the acre, and stretched along the hill
side for many miles.
In Josephine County, and In Jackson,
are many millions of feet of laurel or
madrone timber. This tree. too. 4s found
In many districts in the Valley counties,
certainly as far as Benton and Polk on
the West Side. The wood has a rich red
color. When green It Is scarcely harder
than fir. but when seasoned it takes a
polish as well as walnut. Worked In fur
niture with maple, it makes a very hand
some contrast, and Is sure to be prized
wherever It Is tested. Samples of the
maple, both curly and twisted, and also
straight grained, are seen in many of the I
exhibits at the Fair, notably in the-For-
cstry building, and attract deservedly
mn.ii if.n)iA r ,,...
t...i.uvu .v. uu .ft I cult, j
.
SHOULD 'UNO FACTORY
MOHAIR BASIS OF PROFITABLE
EASTERN INDUSTRY.
Oregon Goats Pay Better for Frecce
Than Sheep Entire Clip
Shipped East-
Taking up again a subject touched on
last week, it is Interesting to learn that
most of the mohair produced In Oregon
Is bought for and shipped to the great
factory In Holyoke, Mass.. owned by the
Farr Alpaca Company. In their factories
there 900 looms are working. The manu
facture Is known to be exceedingly profit
able. It is a parallel case with the alpaca
Industry established about sixty years ago
at Saltaire. in Yorkshire. England, by the
late Sir Titus Salt. The alpaca fibre was
then new and untried and needed specially
devised machinery for .successful develop
ment. This was accomplished, as all
know who are la any way familiar with
the trade, to the Immense profit of the
founder of the Industry and his family.
The establishment of mills In Oregon'for
the utilization at home of a. product now
carried across the continent to be handled
may be recommended. Conditions of
water and climate are specially adajked In
Oregon, to the handling of animal Mtrat
of variaus grades asd deccri-VtieM.
"
WILLAMETTE VALLEY II OP YARD AT MIDDLE OF
On practical authority it may be stated
that an average herd of angoras In West
ern Oregon will yield three and one-half
pounds per head If well cared for and
that higher grades of stock and equal care
will raise the average return to four
pounds per head. The prices of several
years past show. It Is stated, an average
return of 51.23 per head, probably from
15 to 17 per cent higher than that on
sheep In Western Oregon In respect of
wool only.
The cost of caring for "goats, when the
herd is once established and takes Its
part as one of the regular Industries df
the farm, Is even less than that of sheep.
TENT CATERPILLAR INVASION.
Benton and Lincoln Counties Havo
Strange Visitation Now.
About 12 years ago there was In the
West Side counties of the Willamette Val
ley an invasion of the tent caterpillar.
The ash trees appealed to their ravages
first and were stripped bare of -leaf. Then
they took the foliage of the apples. A
f similar Invasion Is reported In Benton and
Lincoln Counties this year. Its ugliness
ii
TYPICAL IR&IOATION CANAL
Is the. worst of It On the former occasion
Professor Washburn, then entomologist
at the Oregon Agricultural College, was
,fifu.iAj n tj. ..nlanaHnn of
v... -
- m . . I. I a .. ... 11 ... -
the strange fact that Insects usually pre
sent In a few cases In the orchards,
and readily kept under control by cutting
off the slender boughs covered with their
"tents" and destroying' them, should sud
denly appear In myriads too great to at
tack. But, he said, the chances were that
the frost of next Winter would kill out
all but a few survivors, and so It proved.
No trees were killed, and the next year's
foliage and fruit were none the worse.
REMOVE ROGUE FISH LADDER
Salmon Now in Columbia Not So
Largo as Earlier.
The supply of salmon Is watched closely.
The fish early In the season were scarce
la the Columbia, but of splendid site. The
run now In progress Is reported to con
sist of smaller fish, but catches of from
1500 to 3T0 pounds are being made at the
various seining grounds. W.e notice Items
hi the Grant's Pass papers about obstruc
tions in the Rogue River. It Is stated that
the dam of the Golden Drift Mining Com
pany has been ordered taken out by the
Master Fish Warden, and- that this re
.xnoval has been accomplished. Surely
such drastic steps are Dot essential when
so much has been learned on the construc
tion of fish ladders or passes. Still.' while
leading principles are admitted, each dam
has to be taken as a fresh proposition, so
much may the force and head of the wa
ter, the depth of the pool below and the
necessary height of the dam affect the
place and construction of the fish pans.
Coos CoHnty Aggressive.
Since heaven helps those who help them
selves, there surely is all kinds of assist
ance due to Coos County. Not only have
they their independent building at the
Fair, constructed, filled and worked by
thls eountv alone, but "the? take advantage
5 of all openings. Last week the Portland
Board of Trade received a letter from the
Bandon Chamber of Commerce, stating
that, as they had now by ,the good steam
er Newport direct communication with
Portland, they desired to open up business
at once. They had butter, eggs: cheese,
wool, etc, to sell, and waatd Portland
merchants to give them prices. Notice
the "etc." suggestive of ether Industries,
which the exhibit at. the Fair In their
building Indicates.
The Newport, having good accommoda
tions for passengers, a. trfsdswa. the-coast
to Southern Oregon by way of Coos Coun
ty, has all sorts of attractions at this time
of year.
SiEWING-MACKLNR BARGAINS
Real ees, at Singr-s4ors.. Bar Sre sad
deal wltfe the maaaiacizrers. The Stager
Comeanv is permanent aad resaoMibi?
its representatives are always at asd t
Look for, tHeud S.
3 MorricM sc.
ew&eWi: sc.
&M WllUam ave.,
Fwitaad. Onsm.
Vain Sc. Ors Cttjv Or.
mmmmmmVmmsvAmlmn ' ,!iilv.w-SJMEKi2. 3Bnb
mmmmmmElmmrBBmV "G3F' s&SwfflUmMSf&tfcS? ',K36iBmmR
i
SEASON.
SEP TAX
LAKE COUNTY FIGHTING TEST
CASE OF NEW LAW.
Slieepowner Contests on Ground That
Law Is .Unequal and Also
Unconstitutional.
One of' the laws passed at the last ses
slon of the Legislature had for Its oS
Ject taxation of the great bands of
sheep, uriven from county to county for
feed, wherever found.
That such a law would -not be ac
quiesced, in by the shSepowncrs without
protest was known from the first. A test
case is reported from' Lake County,
wherein the authorities sought to "collect
tax on migratory sheep from A. B.
Schroeder. Circuit Judge Benson decided
for the sheepowner. the following being a
TO KE CLAIM AIUD LANDS.
I
j short account of the case, which will be
, followed with Interest In-the Supreme
j Court. This report Is" from the "South
i fVrron!an Medford:
,
I Thl In
This law provides that any flock of
sheep or other stock Is assessable and
subject to taxation 1n the county in which
It belongs, and in case It should migrate
Into another county Is subject to assess
ment and taxation In that county also,
but the amount of taxes collecfed In the
latter county Is rebatable- from the first
county upon presentation of a receipt for
the amount paid by the owner of the
flock. Schroeder contested the taxation
of his sheep under this law upon the
ground that it was unequal and unconsti
tutional In Its provisions, in that the
property was subject to taxation more
than- once'during the same year and that
one county had no authority To fix the
amount of taxes to be collected by an
other county."
3Iarble Quarries - In -Joseplilne-
The Rogue .River Courier .reports the
commencement of development of the
BIYXI6irXED
fKwSiSEmBssssssssssssssssssWsssEsV i
XARICIXG H OPDK YBK UTILIZED FOR STORAGE OF
OTHER PRODUCTS.
Jones quarries. 22 miles from Gnafs Pasa
on Powell's Creek. A mill arryisg six
saws arjd operated by an overshot water
wheel has been pat te place. The sam
ples shown la Grant's Paas were white,
with, slight gray sMrkings.. Tie owners
report a l&rg .vets, otntnrm,textaro and
quality.. Here M another wiser Mdastry
open for development. It is staled that
there Is a goed wages read f ram. .Graat's
pag
ta the Barry.
Xfce whits erosc oa tk- red, atfd ef Mm
Sw! tec, s a ittceM mtaamc. It was
PROGRESS OF IRRIGATION
CONTRACT LET FOR FURNISH
DITCH NEAR ECHO.
Klamath Lands Must All Be Included
Before Government Begins
Construction Work.
The" last week has witnessed important
progress In two projects. The Echo ditch
of the Inland Irrigation Company, com
monly called the Furnish ditch, after the
president and manager. W. I. Furnish,
which will Irrigate 10.000 acres In Umatilla
County. Is now. It Is stated, placed under
contract, the excavation work to be com
pleted by January 13. 1906. The water Is
to be taken from the north side of the
Umatilla River above Echo. Thirty miles
of ditch will be constructed, tho main ca
nal being ten feet wide on the bottom and
four feet deep.
An interesting feature of this system
In operation will be the use of -Winter
Irrigation. This method requires a sub
soli that win retain much of the water.
In Central Oregon, the enlargement of
the Pilot Butte flume by an addition ten
feet wide to the existing flume Is to be
completed by August 10. If no untoward
accident Intervenes, The two, canals to
be supplied from the enlarged flume are
expected to Irrigate about 60.000 acres.
The Government supervising engineer.
I. B. Llpplncott. has advised the Water
Users Association that the reclamation
will not be undertaken until "the owners
of the two tracts, known as the Kerns
tract and the Miller tract, and aggregating
7200 acres, have Joined the association and
waived their riparian rights. This acre
age, representing 10 per cent of tho total
area, or 23 per cent of the private hold
ings, the attitude of the Government en
gineer Is explained. The cost of the recla
mation Is. to be borne by the owners of the
land in the association. But the lands
of the nonassentlng holders would share
the benefit with the others.
DTVERSIFIED FARMING WINS
Douglas County Man Secures Maxi
mum From Thirty-Five Acres.
Here Is an extract from the Roseburg
Review that should be read, marked,
learned and Inwardly digested. The deduc
tion at the end needs no proving:
"On 33 acres of land a man near Gold
Hill, Or., has 1000 cherry trees. 600 Spitzen
berg and Yellow Newtown Pippin apple
trees. IK acres strawberries and 1000 Black
Cap raspberry plants. SGC0 tomato plants.
2 acres in muskmelons. Vz acre watermel
ons. Vn acres carrots. 1 acre onions and
3 acres of corn, besides other varieties of
vegetables, also several acres of alfalfa.
Of course, he has some cows, swine and
poultry, And can truly he numbered among
the class of diversified farmers. He will
always be prosperous."
Grand Ronde Indian Lands.
It may have escaped notice that about
23.S0O acres of land in the Grand Ronde
Reservation are to be sold by the Govern
ment by sealed bids. This reservation lies
in the southwest of Yamhill County and
the northwest of Polk. There seems no
maximum limit of the acreage to be of
fered for in one bid. but the minimum Is
stated at one section. 640 acres. The sales
are to be for cash, and the proceeds to be
distributed among the various tribes on
the reservation. Bids to be delivered at
the land office at Portland between tho
2d and the 10th of October next. Another
Indication thus appears of the passing of
tho red man. ProbaDly the experience at
the Slletz Reservation 10 or 12 years ago.
will be repeated. The best Iand3 will be
selected and reserved for the Indians, and
the rejected residue sold.
MINE filiD MILL ACTIVE
NEW, MERCURIAL FURNACE FOR
BLACK BUTTE ORE.
Big Dredging Operation In Jackson
and Josephine Countles--Con-centrator
for Continental.
One of the undertakings abandoned for
some years but resumed this year is gold
dredging In Josephine County. We read
of it with much Interest In the Grant's
Pass Courier. We learn that one dredger,
costing $110,000. has been operating for
several months on Foot's Creek, one of
the tributaries of "Rogue River, with good
success, and that others will be placed
on Willow Creek near Jacksonville and
another on the Illinois River near Waldo.
The Foot's Creek dredger Is now run
by electric power from the Condor dam.
substituted for steam power developed
from two Ite-horsepower boilers. Another
utilisation of heretofore wasted resources.
These dredgers have no light work, some
times aavtag ta lift fifty feet and over.
Seme few years ago there was a great
develop si eat of dredging oa the Snake
River. Many thousands of dollars were in
veeted, bat the methods of recoveries the
to&Iy coeaiBated gold failed. The RogHe
River dredgers are operated by the Cham
pllK. Company, recently from Bannock.
Moat They are said to brlag auccesefal
experieace to this work.
In J&cksoB Cotmty the Sterling miae
peosie do net yet ewa alt the ptaeer
grewHl 'ta their aetgltberhoedl It Is ua
dersteol tb&t eeakpeiitioa 1 afoot for
other ground In that neighborhood, with
fair prospects of new enterprise.
It is learned from the Plalndealer that
large outlays are being made on the
Black Butte quicksilver mine. In the erec
tion of a large new mercury furnace, to
be followed by the remodeling of the
existing Scott furnace. The two. com
pleted, are to handle about 210 tons of ore
each, daily. The new furnace, size 40 by 40
feet on the ground, helsht 35 feet. Is to
have sixteen roasting zones in the tower.
The smelting plant, when completed, to
be the largest in Oregon for treatment
of any character of ore.
For the Continental gold mine. Myrtle
Creek, Douglas Counts. It Is stated that
a 50-ton concentrating plant has been or
dered, and Is to be Installed at once. The
concentrates are shipped to the Tacoma
smelter.
JINGO AUSTRALIA.
Even Small Boys Are Fnll of Mar
tial Enthusiasm.
Kansas City Star.
The Commonwealth of Australia is the
most martial nation In the world. Before
30 more years have passed every able
bodied man on the continent will be a
good shot, a trained soldier and a disci
plined unit of a very competent and
healthy fighting machine." The school
boys are never given lessons In patriot
ism. They sing "God Save the King."
with a certain levity and learn to speak
of that song later on as "tle national
anathema." But as soon as every school
boy is S years old he Joins the military
cadet corp attached to his school and
then begins "a course In practical soldier
ing that continues in one way or another
until he Is a man of at least 30.
And the soldiering he begins learning
at 8 years Is not at all for recreative
purposes. The youngster bears no like
ness at all to the pupils of the "Summer
military academies." The khaki uniform
he dons athls Initiation Is an exact
replica of that worn by his big brother
or father, and once. a year he goes into
camp with his seniors and puts in. a
week of serous and hard campaigning.
Twice a month he goes to the rifle
ranges and puts in the afternoon learning
to shoot at moving targets. He drills
with his company for an hour every aft
ernoon, and once a month that company
Is paraded with the regiment to which It
belongs. Kach regiment has its juve
nile brass band and the assiduous boy
soldier may rise from sergeant to lieu
tenant from that to captain and finally
to the highest rank he can hold, that
of battalion commander. The school
cadets, as they are called, are organized
in regiments of three battalions each.
A battalion consists of 12 companies. 100
boys composing each company. The drill
book used Is abbreviated from that issued
by the British War Office and the
young soldiers take the daily routine
In quite a. matter-of-fact spirit
Every morning at 9 o'clock in every
national school and big private college
In Australia the little cadets are marched
once around the school grounds to the
time of drum and bugle and halted at
the tall flagpole that crowns the entrance
porch. The bugle sounds reveille, the
color sergeant hoists the Union Jack,
to the top of the pole, the boys present
arms, salute the flag with a blank volley,
and are dismissed to their classes. When
they have finished drilling each after
noon they parade again In front of the
flag and salute as It flutters down. And
they display neither indifference nor en
thusiasm in these exercises. They look
and probably feel Just as nonchalant
as the men of an ordinary British regi
ment would look and feel at the same
work.
In Australia education is free, "secular
and compulsory." and no boy is permitted
under any circumstances to leave school
until he has received hl3 fifth form cer
tificate. When the boy soldier graduates
and leaves school he joins the senior ca
dets and drills in the evening Instead
of the afternoon. At 21 he transfers to
the militia and remains there for at least
three years. The enthusiasts remain with
the mllltla. and freauently remove from
it to the regular army; but many others
join the reserves and centent themselves
with monthly rifle practice at the butt3
and the yearly week under canvas at the
annual encampment
He Is a good shot by then and a good
horseman for every Australian 4s a good
horseman by Instinct but the thing of
vital Importance In the making of him Is
the grounding he received as a boy at
school. And the Australian boy soldier
was the conception, not of a fierce mill
taire "bearded like the pard," but of a
plain. peace-loving, rather Quakerish
wholesale .dry goods man named Fred
erick. Sargood. When the business of
that gentleman wa3 flourishing sufficient
ly he went into Australian politics and
was shortly made Minister of Defense.
Hls fertile brain, freed from the cares of
business, conceived many Improvements
in the national school system. When he
brought Into Parliament his very short
bill establishing the cadet corps as an
Integral part of the defense forces of
Australia It was passed after a two
hours" debate and Immediately put into
force. Today the system is complete, and
before Sargood died he put his seal on
his work by nresentlne every school with,
the "Jack" and the flagpole with which
each morning's work Is opened.
There are now In the Australian school
C0.4C0 cadets "under arms." 18,000 senior
cadets and 6000 naval cadets, all very
healthy boys under 20 years of age and all
doing their work quite seriously. No
people In the world are less self-consciously
patriotic than those of Australia, but
when Great Britain, according to Mr.
Kipling, had to "cringe to the younger
people for the men who could ride and
shoot" It was the adult product of Sar
good's boys who were among the first
colonial volunteers to join the British."
forces in South Africa.
DURING THE HEATED TERM
Seasonable Advice as to Behavior In
Keeping Cool.
Brooklyn Eagle. .
When It Is hot as It has been lately,
remember that It Is never so hot as
some newspapers would have you be
lieve. Remember, too, that all the
deaths given as, the result of the heat
wave are not necessarily due to heat.
If a man falls off a ladder and frac
tures his skull when the thermometer
Is at 90, he w'ill probably be somewhere
reported as a heat victim. Men fall off
ladders and die when the mercury is
below zero, yet their demise Is never
recorded as due to the Intense cold.
These are contradictions In life and
death that even meteorology cannot
explain, and many of them appear in
the frenzied reports of the hot spells.
If you. would be. immune to the perils
of the season, avoid iced water, beer,
cocktails, pink papers, porterhouse
ste&k, roast beef, the subway and the
sunny side of the street. Do not rita
after cars nor-' try to believe all that
Tom Lawsoa is reported to have said
In his last "Western speech. By ehserv
ing these few simple rules. y&H. will
probably live well into the Winter, er ,
even longer.
If Safer Za Cwttta f(h,
84 son im wt m aac wMtrid J O