THE XOKSEvG OREGOXIAX, THTKSDAX, JTJJfE t, ItOC.
Entered t the Potoffiee at Portland.- Or..
m second-class matter.
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INVARIABLY IX ADVANCE.
(By Mali or Expreaa.)
Dt.llr and Sunday, per year,
the tyrant down and put some sense
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Tt.liv nnil Kunriav. six months. ........ 5.00
Sally and Sunday, three month 25
Pally and Sunday, per month .85
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BT CARRIER.
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PORTLAND. THTJRSDAY. JUNE 29. 1805
PROBLEMS OF PCBLIC OWNERSHIP.
Mr. James Dalrymple, of Glasgow, di
rector of the tramways or car lines of
that city, operated tinder public owner
ship, who has been looking over the
conditions existing in Chicago, Cleve
land and other cities- of the United
States, has explained at some length
"what It would be necessary. In his opin
ion, to do, la order to make public own
ership successful In our cities. First of
all. entire separation of the street rail
way business from politics which, un
der our system, would be a difficult
task. Yet it ought not to be an Impos
sible one. But the statement ot differ
ences between the Glasgow system and
our own, presented by Mr. Dalrymple
at Cleveland, presents considerations
of another kind, of highest practical
interest. Speaking of our system of
5 -cent fares for all trips, short or long.
with transfers, when called for. and
contrasting it with the system In op
eration at Glasgow, he said:
I xut teU J' em plainly that It yen have
traBXers you canne-t eperrle under S cots.
My experience has taught me tbst tranff'rs
ought ne-t to be Issues, and then the propo
sition of cheapening the fare won id be
greatly eiropMfled. Is Gtargow w have
stages. se-cattetf. Yob can ride Me stage fer
cent; two 4gei e-r abet 2i retire imc
- cents. 0r tensest rMe la from 14 te 15
mHfP. and this easts 8 cents. Te ae it seems
that 5-cent Tares with transfers and our sys
tem produce ahewt the me resvtt. except
for the fact that we carry a great many nvo-re
peple. Here if a man wanta to ride 104
yards he has t say S cents, er about 309
per cent too much. If a man wants ! rMe
16 miles he still pays S cents, but at an ln
Justice to the railway company. One tiding
Is certain, and that in you can never have
cheap fare with traatfers. Our people would
newer listen to your jtystein.
Evidently the Glasgow system Is the
juster one. But would our people have
it? After a time they might come to it;
and probably under public ownership
they -would find It necessary to do so.
It is admitted that Glasgow does make
her municipalization of public utilities
successful and effective. But can we.
unless we adopt her methods, or similar
ones? Chicago is to be the pioneer In
this effort in the United States. The
newly elected Mayor (Dunne) asserts
that the city will go ahead with it. In
spite of all apparent obstacles.
from the relations of the United States j
to the Canal Zone and. its cities. Min
isters to Panama and Governors of the
Zone are probably what the Scotch
call .-kittle cattle." . Dignities must
be kept up and precedents observed.
So a etate of affairs Is liable,
to arise very obnoxious to a Chief
Engineer, to whom the Canal Itself
is all but a deity, to which every other
entity must bow. Then further diffi
culties crop up. based on the fact of
this being a Governmental work, with
abundant officials in Washington, each
with his little coil of red tape which
he waits to apply wherever the chance
comes.
One thing. Is certain that a really
great man one of the modern type
of American doers of things vigorous,
successful, proud, nervous, absolute,
self-reliant, untiring, will not cannot
give out the best service that is in
him without a free hand. Such an one
must be backed up by the full confi
dence and support of his employer.
With that he will work till he drops.
He may make mistakes and be a thorn
in the side to all red-tapists, but the
work will be done. If this great, world
changing enterprise were committed to
private contractors we all know that
America would be eearched by them
to find, not men, but a- man. Such an
one would be watched and tested most
strictly, especially at first but this
would be so quietly done that he would
neither feel nor resent it. If he could
not stand -up to the- work he would
go at the shortest of short notice.
If he made good everything would be
moved out of his way. The President
knows this Just as well as his observ
ers. Doubtless he is cogitating how
far he can go in this direction in this
most annoying condition evidenced by
the resignation of Mr. Wallace. It is
no light or trivial matter which has
caused such a man to let go of reins
and handles just as he had started
on his furrows. He must Justify him
self for quitting not only In his own
eyes but In those of his friends, and.
above all. of tro Nation which approved
his selection for the hardest task in
the gift of the Nation today.
amination may be improved. Whether
there has been favoritism under circum
stances of that kind it is not necessary
to consider. For the same reason that
man who becomes a Judge S not
be permitted to sit in the trial of a case
in which he was formerly an attorney.
County School Superintendent should
not participate in the examination of
persons whom he has prepared for that
examination. The two positions are as
Inconsistent as for a public purchasing
gent to buy from himself.
POLAND.
"And Freedom shrieked when Kosci
usko fell."
So sang the poet beloved of school
boy orators, but his song is not true,
Freedom never shrieked in Poland, for
she never visited that distracted realm
Even when Poland was an Independent
nation its Inhabitants had nothing like
liberty. The nobles led a sort of Kll
kenny cat existence, tearing each other
and their country to pieces. There was
no middle class, business being carried
on by the Jews; and the rural popula
tion lived in slavery, having no rights
under the law and going from owner
to owner with the land. There was no
court of general Jurisdiction. Every
noble, palatines they were called, had
the power of life and death in his own
dominions: and he was answerable only
to the Diet a distracted caricature of
a Parliament which any member could
adjourn at any time by saying "NIe
pozwalam." It was so adjourned thir
teen times while Poland was a nation.
This queer Diet elected what they
called their King, who reigned but had
no authority except over the army. One
native Pole of genius was made King.
This was John Sobieskl. who defeated
the Turks at Vienna and saved Europe
from Mohammedanism If it was sav
ing. Gibbon doubts it. Usually the
later Polish Kings Were foreigners.
They came from France, Sweden, Aus
tria. Germany, everywhere. The most
famous was Augustus the Strong, who
had 364 children. Talk of Brigham
.Young!
Since alU the royal families had
reigned in Poland, they all felt as if
they owned it. They perpetually In
trigued for the throne; they dragged the
nation into their quarrels: they made
factions among its proud, high-tempered,
hysterical.'seml-clvillzed nobles.
Poland had plenty of natural enemies,
too, bo it was always fighting and gen
erally beaten. The Mongols plundered
it; In the great Cossack revolt under
Bogdan. which Slenklewlcz describes,
the country was harried fiendishly. The
Turks swept jover. it. Charles XII of
Sweden -conquered it. The Russians
were always biting pieces from the
eastern frontier, which once passed Just
this side of Moscow. Polish history is
a thousand years of hysteria, folly, woe
and blood.
There were also religious troubles.
Poland proper was converted by Saint
Adalbert, but. unhappily, to the heret
ical Roman sect, while Lithuania, the
eastern half of the nation, was ortho
dox or Greek. Add to this that many
nobles became Protestants and the
foeautv of the situation is complete. A
country full of hotheaded nobles, all j
pious, all zealous, all eager to be and
to make martyrs! No wonder Sarmatia
fell.
During the entire seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries Poland, poetically
Sarmatia, was a roaring pit full of wild
cats. Meanwhile three sovereigns of
genius had appeared in her three next
neighbor nations, consolidated them,
fixed their institutions and headed
them toward greatness. Peter the Great
In Russia, Frederick in Prussia, Maria
Theresa in Austria. Poland lay in the
middle of the three like a buzzing wasp
nest, or a ripe watermelon. It had no
definite frontiers, no responsible gov
ernment, no policy, no power of resist
ance. Its part was a warning, its fu
ture a menace. Russia, Prussia and
Austria- carved it up and devoured it.
The Prussian and Austrian morsels
have been pretty well digested. That
of Russia, like Mrs. Gamp's pint of
porter, "settled heavy on the chest."
Freedom has always been shrieking
there, and with good reason. Russian
"brutality, bigotry, savagery, have lost
no chance to strike the Poles, Russian
Poland has been a shambles for more
than a hundred years. Now the star
blazes in the east. Hope flames wp
again in the land of Sobleski, Kosciusko
and Pulaski. Blood flows like water
in Lodz and Warsaw. Let it flow and
may it not flow vainly. God speed the
Poles! God nerve their arms to strike
WRITING GOOD ENGLISH.
PresldentWoodrow Wilson, of Prince
ton. stated a well-known truth in s
forceful manner when he said that It is
one of the reproaches of our American
colleges and universities that their
graduates are not trained In the use of
their mother tongue. In his opinion the
inability of so many graduates to ex
press themselves accurately and ele
gantly Is due to the adoption of wrong
methods in training. Jn theme writing.
by means of which the student eecures
his practice in English composition.
"style" is the principal end in view.
whereas the chief object in the use of
language should be the transmission of
ideas. Educational methods are to be
changed at Princeton so that the effort
of the student will be centered upon
telling what he knows, while the man
ner of telling it will be a secondary
consideration. There will be less writ
ing for the sake of style and more writ
ing for the purpose of expressing ideas
which the student wishes to convey.
In this connection it seems appropri
ate to suggest that the one reason why
so many of the young men and women
are poor masters of English may be
found In the decadence of letter-writ
ing. Before the day of railroads and
daily newspapers, the only available
means of exchanging news was by
means of personal letters. Postage
was high and communication infre
quent, so that long letters were the
rule. Parents took pains to Instruct
their children in letter-writing and in
the use of correct language. Letters
were written because there was some
thing to tell and a desire to tell it In an
entertaining manner. Today conditions
are different and the long, formal letter
has given place to a brief. Informal
note which makes no pretense to ac
curacy In the use of English. Cheap
postage, two or three mall trains a day,
and long-distance telephones, have
made letter-writing almost a lost art.
Go through any old family trunk and
read the letters your grandfathers and
grandmothers wrote in their younger
days, and it will at once be apparent
that there is a reason for the general
decline in the ability of young people
to write good English. There ha been
in recent years a lack of practice.
Recently someone raised a grjtat hue
and cry over the danger of the trans
mission of disease by means of 'the
use of soap in lavatories of hotels
and other public places. The alarmist
pictured all sorts of germs on every
piece of soap in use by the general
public. Like many other alarms of
the kind, this proved to be Ill-founded.
An expert chemist made a collection
of cakes of soap from public wash
rooms and after a diligent search was
unable to And disease germs on any of
them. To make a more certain test.
he tried to make the disease germs
live, on soap and found that they
wouldn't live on that kind of pasturage.
Four hours was the longest any of
them would thrive. He found that the
cheapest soap, such as is used- for
laundry purpose?, was the most deadly
to the germ, because it contained the
most alkalaL The least injurious to
the disease germ was a high-priced
toilet soap.
PANAMA CANAL AGAIN.
In the time of the French Company
It was said that the Panama Canal
was the grave of many men's reputa
tions. This saying had special refer
ence to the grafting and corruption
that were believed to prevail. When
the United States undertook the work
at Panama, full confidence was felt
that these evils would be ended. There
is. happily, no reason to believe other
wise. But storms of other troubles have
been developed. Men and methods have
been changed again and yet again. It-is
true that each appeared to be in the di
rections of simplicity, and of concentra
tion of power in fewer hands. Presi
dent Roosevelt's resolve was made plain
to reach results, whether the Senate
said yes or no. In this he had the
unquestionable support of the Nation.
and has it still. How is it, then, that
once more the most important officer
resigns, and takes this action hurriedly,
decisively, and. as ft is reported, "in
a huff?" Possibly in the natural
anxiety to get the great work started
there has been too much haste, and
that, therefore, speed is lost- The
functions of the Chief Engineer of an
immense public work are two-fold.
First, he is an adviser on the scope,
possibilities, methods, and cost of. the
enterprise proposed. In this he not
only may have, hut, if he be a wise
and broad man. he will welcome con
sultation with men of corresponding at
tainments, and certainly of specialists
in various branches. No man is. and
no sensible man believes himself to be.
equally good ail round.
To require and te act- on the results
of suoh consultative action is the privi
lege, and in such a case as the Pan ami
Canal, is the duty of the employer.
So far there is. with reasonable men.
no ground far friction. There is no
reason to believe that trouble has so
arisen in this case. But, if the em
ployer be wise, the more difficult and
touchy questions of departmental con
trol of construction are thorougbly
thought out and determined before
actual work is begun. In the very
inception of construction is the danger
point and apparently the President is
finding this out.
Of course, the Panama work is com
plicated by political quesdons arising
FRANCE AND MOROCCO.
White the pending dispute between
Germany and France on the subject of
Morocco has not reached the acut
stage, yet it is causing great uneasi
ness. even beyond the nations primarily
concerned. It cannot be disputed that
France has the preponderance of inter
est in this wild and half-clvllized sfate.
The Berber tribes of the Interior are al
ways in condition of unrest. The bor
derland between Morocco and Algeria
extends for several hundred miles (no
one seems to know just how far).
Boundaries are artificial purely, and
small insurrections break out without
notice on the Moroccan side, and the
inhabitants of Algeria are invaded. at
will. So that France is within her
rights In insisting that peace be kept
by her neighbor, and that she shall not
only Insist on but enforce It. The rights
of Germany are commercial in origin
and extent, based on her trade with the
mixed inhabitants of the Mediterranean
ports. Doubtless, on modern principles
Germany has right to the open door.
and to protect her traders and mer
chants. Whether she has, or rather
whether the Kaiser has, any undis
closed designs, time alone can show
The Russo-Japanese war has proved
the need and value of coaling stations
all over the world, and especially along
the great sea routes. The Moroccan
coast extends for many hundred miles
with a seaboard to the Atlantic It is
true that harbors are few and unde
veloped. French geographers report
only three on the western coast of any
prospective value Walldlya, Mogadoe.
and Agadlr. The most recent account
of the first named describes It as need
lng but a small expenditure on dredg
lng to make it both accessible and safe,
It might prove to Germany of most ma
terial use to have a fortified harbor for
refuge and coaling accessible to the At
lantic France, therefore, may hav
strong reasons for avoiding or reducing
German influence in Morocco. Such
half-civilized and weak nations may be
Induced sometimes to give a powerful
friend what it may prove to others most
inconvenient for that powerful friend
to accept and develop. If such a la
mentable event were to occur as that
these great nations come to blows.
must not be forgotten that, on paper at
any rate, the French navy far outnum
bers and outranks the German which
latter is of recent creation. The contin
gency of such a war is too serious to
consider lightly. It Is certain that re
publican France, with an enormous and
well-drilled arm, and an aroused na
tional enthusiasm behind It, would be a
vastly different adversary from France
of the empire that crashed down to an
humiliating fall in 1S79. So well is this
known In the German general staff of
fice that the world can rely on a very
serious and demonstrable casus belli
being required ere the German armies
were set in motion. So far this, in the
affair of Morocco, is not in sight. The
war party in Germany includes 70.000
officers, burning for the excitement and
distinction of a real war. The peace
party is the sober thinking and serious
nation, to whose families war, with
whatever outcome, means desolated
and mourning homes, and the upset of
the whole structure of civilized life.
0REG0N0Z0NE.
When the Igorrcte coms.
With a basket for a hat.
We may look for higher prices
For the four-in-hand cravat;
But of this we, may be sure
That his coming won't enhance
Or affect in any manner
The prevailing price of pants.
GRAFTERS AND THE RUSH FOR WEALTH
XeaarkaM AMrm fcy a Corporation Lawyer osr 3taarr XvUo X-e
at Good Mem at M'mmm t Make Criem Csfeafeaal 4 Graft a4
FTawd a SfaHcrace.
OBBRXJN. O.. Jane 23. 190S. James Institution. Such a man. is dangerous
B. Dill, the corporation lawyr of New M the community. His position is so high
York, in the course of a noteworthy J fa of srart is so msiaious
,r-- tA tfc -rntn- t! of I that its existence oftUiaea is not sus-
A learned physician, tells us that with- Oberlln Colelge today, delivered a j J?', h v"P,tv
the nosePlTf?would not be worth liv- .cathlng rebuke t. men who, misuse . ? g
Tuuuioni 11 1 nonar ana ini3L iar uui -
out
lng. The chances are that the doctor
never lived in the neighborhood of a glue
factory or a Summer hotel kitchen la dog
days.
In Alaska the geography shows a place
called Tea Bay. That ought to make a
-fine resort for the Summer girl, but the
unromantic government has made use of
it for a salmon hatchery.
A Texas negro has been sentenced to
the state penitentiary tor a tnousana
years. Even if he is good and gets out
on three-fourths time he will not have
to worry about his livelihood for the re
man and his
poses of personal gain, la urging his j pSSwV,OI1 oul 100 .
bearers to go BacK to BegiaaiRgs. 1 . ,
tmii , -.f ! directs its affairs from the viewpoint
which was foreign to the true Amerl- j ef nls owa Pcet rather than from tha
can character, had been developed by standpoint of tn stockholders inter
our mad rush for wealth and tae tec- ! eat altaoaga he may not be Indicted
ocnitlon of false- standards bv educat- ! Y a sraja Jury, is none the less a so-
ed men in the competitive struggle for i elal highwayman."
as to tae mucn-taiKed-or abase or
"dummy directors." Mr. DiH said: The
dummy director of a great company
wao cummyizes nimseit for pay.
business Doner and social prominence.
without mentioning names. Mr. Dill
referred to the connection of respect
able financial institutions with Indus
trial promotions that are calculated to J whether by the year or by the Job,
mislead the public.
He said; "A large part of oar
modern prosperity is to a perilously
large extent bottomed upon an over
production of fraud and sham. The
malnder of his life, for he can go Into a I crisis Is acute. A feeling of distrust
sideshow as the modern Methuselah and
make 00 a week.
Vanderbllt University students who have
invaded Kansas to earn Pin money at
binding wheat emit this harvest yell:
"Wahoo! Hullabaloo!
7 ll-2?
Muscle and meat! Tell with the heat!
Show u tie -wheat! the wheat!! the wheat!!!
If those boys make the mistake of stop-
Fortunately, the first bathing mishap I ping close to the Missouri border, they
of the season at Seaside ended in a
thrilling story of rescue. More strength
to the arms of the brave North Dako-
tans. But men willing to risk their
lives are not always present. Common
prudence demands that lifelines should
be stretched wherever bathers congre
gate. Men and women take their dally
dip in flocks; ao a few ropes are suffi
cient. The cost is trifling and no ex
pense of maintenance is attached. It
is the duly of hotels to provide lifelines
or guests. That the same duty applies
to cottagers is manifest. Considering
the immense numbers who go into the
ocean, the loss of life in past years has
been Indeed very small, and slight fear
of danger exists among the multitude;
still, under certain conditions which do
not make themselves known, there Is
occasionally an undertow that takes
people off their feet. If you have hold
of a lifeline, you cannot drown.
John V. Farwell. leader of the Chi
cago Employers' Association, which, is
conducting the campaign against union
labor, says "the strike has ceased to be
a strike, but is rather an annoyance.
It no longer has any effect on busi
ness." If this be true, union labor has
met with one of Its most crushing de
feats, for Chicago has for years been
pretty effectually under the domination
of the walking delegate and bribetaking
labor boss. The failure- of the strike
will hardly work a serious disadvantage
on the best men in the unions, but it
may be attended with some hardship
for the Inferior workers which union-
Ism always carries along with It.
The state has been receiving Zi cents
an hour for the labor of convicts em
ployed In the prison stove foundry.
Bids were recently opened for the leas
ing of convict labor for another term
of ten years, and the present contract
ors made an offer of 4.1 cents an hour.
Even this advance is of some conse
quence, but the figure given Is not a
reasonable return for the labor of the
convicts. It may be all the stove foun
dry proprietors can afford to pay, but
it is not as much as the state should
realize.
A deserter from the cruiser Boston
surrendered himself to the Salem police
and asked to be returned to his ship.
Working tn Valley hopyards and hay-
fields is not an easy way of gaining
dally bread not near so easy as serv
ing on board a United States cruiser
However, it Is far more profitable
in the end. and farmer boys are wise
in not giving up the freedom of an
Oregon farm for the confinement of
service on a warship.
A favorable season has made good
hay crops In the Willamette Valley
and feed will be plentiful this Fall.
Livestock will be kept In good condi
tion, thus adding to the appearance of
prosperity which the Valley usually
possesses. Thin livestock will do more
than anything else to make a country
look destitute.
may nna some tarmers wno win aaow
them the wheat and set them such
pace that "Blest Be the Tie That Binds"
will be a tabooed hymn when they re
turn to home influences.
The Bronze Bird-Woman.
Ob. Sac-a-Ja-we-a Is back again.
Out over the overland track again
Sac-a-Jaw-breaker is back:
But where is the little pappooae that came
fAnd couldn't remember his mamma's
name)
On Sac-a-Ja-we-a'a back?
Prevented a Wreck.
Jlmson You're awfully awkward. Why
did you step on that ladys train last
night?
Bimpson Why, to keep it from running
off, of course.
Stag Dinner Defined.
Willie Boy Papa, why do they call
dinner with only men present a 'stag
dinner?"
Papa I don't know for sure, but it may
be because the men present get several
horns each before they go home.
Not a Bigamist Either. .
There Is a man In our town." remarked
the nromlnent citizen from Prineville.
who has married 1 wives."
"Heavens:" ejaculated the Portland
hotel clerk; "and do you mean to say
that he has buried 13 .of them?
"No: they are alt living."
"What divorced, then?"
"No all living happily."
Then he's a wholesale bigamist! Why
don't they Jail him"
"Oh. he's all right; he's the Methodist
preacher." -
The Editors.
The editors are with us now.
They came on "Standard" time
To "Register" and tarry.
And they're worth a merry rhyme.
We trust the "Sun" will shine for them
And every "Star" be bright.
And every "Breeze" blow gently
And their hearts be gay and light.
We give them perfect freedom
To "Express" their varied views
And "Advocate" their hobbles. -
For it's all Important "News."
They never are behind the 'Times."
These editorial "we's."
Who strive to keep their "Record" bright
And always try to please.
Sometimes they "Herald" things to come.
And now and then they print
Some public secrets in "Advance"
When some one gives the hint.
But, "Mall" and female, all In all.
They are a hearty class.
Who never fall to heed the "Call"
To travel en a pass.
ROBERTUS LOVE.
Is growing throughout the oountry.
, Many branches of financial business
have been in one way or another taken
possesion of by the unscrupulous for
the purpose of deceiving- the URwary.
Trust companies have been made the
mediums of the notation ef speeious
and fraudulent promotions.
"Some companies in the field of life
insurance, the highest and in a sense
sacred form of investment, are. as
we all Know now. conduits tarougn
which the savings of the polley-aold-ers
are diverted into operations for
speculative purposes.
'Credit and good raith, not money.
are the oasis 01 Business, uooa er
bad. our modern prosperity is founded
on public confidence. Taka that away
and the whole fabric falls.
The fact Is that the unprecedented
material growth of the country, the
resulting creation of immense private
fortunes, the massing of great aggre
gations of corporate capital, indus
trial combinations and railroad mer
gers, all have tended to concentrate
the attention of the people upon great
financial achievements and to establish
tn the highest place in the popular es
timation the captains of industry and
the powerful financiers, little regard
being paid, in making up the Judg
ment, to the fundamental virtues ef pri
vate Individual life.
Continuing. Mr. Dill said that the
desire to secure unearned wealth was
sidetracking educated men and women
from their real careers, saying that
the essential element of "graft" was a
breach of trust-
Mr. Dill added: "Graft is the ad
vanced stage of the craze for unearned
money. It is not only the desire to get
something for nothing, but it ia an at
tempt to get something in eoasldera
tion of the grafter's parting with
something that really doe3 not belong
to him. It is a wrong greater than
that of the counterfeiter, who merely
makes and passes counterfeit coin.
The grafter is a man who rebs the
counterfeiter, who made the coin; the
grafter, then, passes the spurious eoin
to the public as genuine.
"Another graft is that of the bank
official, who Is influenced in the use
of his institution's funds by any con
sideration other than the good of the
wit) uses his position to control the use
and disposition of ether people's mosey
for personal gain, fc in ao position, to
criticise the clerk who falsifies his ac
counts, or the employe who embezzler.
Tet we all know ef instances of men
who have stolen a million aaving- sent
to Jail employes who had taken only
hundreds of thousands of dollars.
"Now -whose fault is this? It is ears.
It is the fault of public opinion, and
public opinion is our opinion, yours
aRd mine yours of me. xstae of you.
ours of all the rest. We have to leant
o recognize graft and the grafters,
however respectable their dlssulse
and to punish them, not alone by Im
prisonment and fine, but with all the
might ef th- terrible scorn of society
We have to recognize that the seeds of
socialism, revolution and anarchy are
toirn hv lha man nf awn plfl9 an.l
! kind who pretends to be what he Is
not; these seeds are cultivated by the
grafting bank, officer, insurance officer
man In power in financial organiza
tions. In short, by every, grafter who
In a is dealings with the public departs
openly or secretly from old-fashioned
Ten-Commandment honesty.
"Many men of education, at power,
financial and political, seem to develop
a two-faced conscience, one for busi
ness use and another for the individual
life. This is fraud."
"Don't pose, don't be frauds. Be gen
uine. Be true to yourselves. Be your
selves. Seek what you really want.
Take no course in life simply because
ethers take it. Put on no man's coat
because it is becoming to him. 4 Make
your point of view your standpoint.
Don't proclaim it as the bub of the
universe; it is only a firing- line, but
stand on it and fire."
"Don't chase the easy dollasv Money
is good, but money will come if you
do your work well. Give the world full
value, and the world will prize and
pay you for the character your honeJt
efforts will have developed.
"In a free demoaratic nation such as
ours we you who are at your com
mencement and I who have came back
here to the beginnings I tell you that
we need men and women who not only
will not lie. or steal, or cheat, or bribe,
but will make crimes criminal and
fraud and graft a disgrace, even
though the perpetrators have achieved
financial success, even though the
wrongdoers live next door, belong to
our club, go to our church."
THE KLONDIKE OF TO-DAY.
Epic Period Has Passed, but the
Field Is Still Productive.
Six years ago no portion of the earth
CHEAPER AUJOMOBILES,
Wide Demand for -Moderate-Priced
and Serviceable Machines.
St. Louis Republican.
was more talked about than the Klon-1 Announcement Is made that a cheap
dike region of the Tukon Vaftey. From I J tonfc,lSS
Its golden gravels, yielding by the most j00 eomptete. It is supposed, there-
primitive methods over J10O.MO.0Q ia fore, that everybody who can afford to
about three years, came some ample 1 own and maintain a horse and buggy
fortunes, hundreds ot modest compe- I ucuct ouuiu 10 owa mu. owiauun an
auio. a 1113 is a. logical iaea; oiaerwise,
no company would be organized to make
tencles, and an epic experience of life
or death for thousands.
Lately little has been heard of the
Klondike. It no longer seems to offer
the chance of quick fortune or a sud
den end of life to adventurous souls.
Probably nine men out of ten, when
asked about It, would be of the impres
sion that ltc golden stores have been
a cheap machine.
Improvements to the automobile, sim
plifying the mechanism and rerucing the
cost ef repairs and maintenance, have
brought ft into decided favor. To the
50 machines which were seen anywhere
two or three years ago there are now
hundreds. The popularity of the na-
practicaity exnaustea. ana mat tc aw , , fa t to clty- even in
become Nmerely another of the many country towns automobiles are rather
gold diggings wnich have "played out, numerous. They ustd !or business.
According to C. M. W COdwertn. in the for convenience and Treasure.
Canadian Magazine, that Impression j xha. th ai,tmohlle ha so ouleklv
would be far from correct. The time ' favor aealnst the, ImDediments of
has passed In the Klondike when the ; eomDarativelv hlch cost and of some me.
Individual adventurer, wltn his own J chanfcal deficiencies gives flattermg
hanJs and the simplest tools, might promise that a cheaper machine or ma
win enough gold to put him. if he could t chines, if well made and serviceable,
keep it. beyond need to work again, or ( 3h0Uid have a large and wide sale. The
at least enouga to lay the foundations j machine has been so much improved,
of a competence. But the Klondike is ana has so conclusively shown its gen-
TAXATION OF FRANCHISES.
eral usefulness, that it has become a
standard vehicle. There is no proba
bility that It will go out of use: on. the
contrary, there Is every Indication that
Ex-SenatorThurston advises the young
man to keep out of politics. Everybody1
that has ever been in politics tells
everybody else to stay out. Tet no one
takes the advice, possibly because the I Court declaring . that franchises
old men who want the young men to I property which can be assessed
keeD out remain In themselves, until
somebody else keeps them out. -
London Is complaining of an invasion
by American card sharps and confi
dence men. Picking is poor in Wall
street during dog days, so these crooks
have chosen the next best place. Re
ports of early arrests discouraged them
from coming to Portland,
far from exhausted of Its treasures. Al
most beyond question there is still five
or six times as much gold in its gravels
as has been taken out.
With the methods which It was pos-1 it wni steadily become more common and
sible to use during the great rush of 1 more popular.
lBaii-39 claims paying less than IS to, in course of time, when chauffeurs
the cubic yard could not be worked . learn to be considerate and discreet, the
and were abandoned. But conditions j public aspect of ill-will will change for
have chanced with methods, and claims one whollv friendlr. The Dubllc has had
The recent decision of the Supreme averaging $3.25 per cubic yard are now j sufficient cause for criticism and com-
prouiai'ie. n nue unit uraitu& piauii. auu il is uuyra wai. wiut uiout
that would not be abandoned If tho pay t will eomo soon. For. as good streets
streak were regular and not too thin, j and roads tend to increase the number
Witn the dredge's and steam shovels of automobiles, so automobiles tend to
now coming into use hydraulic work- j the construction ot the best city thor
Ings yielding 50 cents per yard are 1 oughfares and the be3t rural highways
found profitable. ! and roads.
Latter Sold as Property by Their
Holders
Oakland (Cal.) Tribune.
are I
and
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTERESTS.
It has always been against public pol
icy to permit public officers to transact
official business in which they have a
private Interest. The man who acts as
purchasing agent for the public should
not at the same time occupy the posi
tion of seller to the public. The Judge
should never sit in the trial of his own
cause, nor a public inspector pass upon j
the merits of articles which he has
supplied in fulfillment of a contract.
No man who has regard for his own
reputation will put himself in a -position
where his private Interests conflict with
his public duty, nor will a careful con
stituency permit such a conflict long
to exist.
A practice which has been growing
la Oregon, and which is open to criti
cism, is that of County School Superin
tendents conducting Summer schools
for the preparation of teachers for the
county examinations. The County
School Superintendent presides over the
teachers' examination, and in that ca
pacity is the guardian of public educa
tional Interests. As the instructor of
persons who are seeking teachers'-certificates,
he quite naturally would like
to see the efficiency of his work proven
by the success of the applicant at the
examination. Whatever may be the de
sire of the Summer school instructor,
there is quite likely to be a feeling
among teachers that if they take a
course of instruction at that particular
school their chances of pawing the. ex-
No small number of practical men
will forgive Engineer Wallace for
throwing up a 520.000 Government Job
involving friction and accepting
straight business employment that is
congenial and pays twice the money.
. President Roosevelt is to be felici
tated over the rare privilege of private
citizenship for one day. Communion
with former fellow-students at Harvard
Is quite as good a mental tonic as asso
ciation with bears In Colorado.
Norway is still looking for a general
manager of her affairs. By singular
coincidence. William J. Bryan, of Ne
braska, is where he can easily be com
municated with on the subject.
After all the midwinter and early
Spring talk concerning reform, we are
still going to have the Insane and un
safe sort of Fourth of July celebration.
Portland drug stores are not advertis
ing witch hazel, sticking plaster, arnica
and absorbent cotton as bargains in anticipation.
Unless some one starts a new commo
tion. Big Bill Taft won't have to .sit on
the lid when he reaches Manila.
The Good Roads convention has
patched, up a peace. Good roads are not
built by bad language.
There is this consolation: When it is
all over, Linievitch. wfll cot 50 on the
stage. .
taxed as tangible property is assessed
and taxed settles a question which has
been tentatively raised and discussed
many time, but which has never be
fore been authoritatively settled by the
Supreme Court. It often happens that
the franchises ot a public service cor
poration a street railroad company,
for Instance are Its mostvaluable as
set. It not infrequently occurs that the
franchise are worth more than the
real and personal property of the com
nanv. Thev are eaoltalized and livid
ends are collected on an enormous val-! working
uatlon for tnem. But the corporation
attorney and magnates are wont to
claim that, franchises, being mere priv
ileges granted for the better accommo
dation of the public, cannot be classed
as property and taxed as such. Never
theless franchises can be sold as prop
erty by their holders. When bonds are
sold it Is with a lien on the franchise.
Stock Is Issued and sold by a corpora
tion having franchises for its largest
'asset. If franchises have an earning
capacity for dividend purposes and can
be KOld as property there Is no reason
why they should not pay taxes In pro
portion to their value or earning capa
city. A street railroad having a physi
cal property worth J2.000.000 or 33.300.
000 perhaps will be capitalized fqr
312.000.0J3 maybe, and pa) a net in
come over and above operating ex
penses on that sum. Its bonds and
stock sell In the market on the basis
of tnat valuation. Why. then should
not franchises pay taxes in proportion
to their ratio of the whole valuation?
The Federal Supreme Court says they
are taxable property. If it be lawful
to tax them at all It is not only lawful
but right to tax them to their full
value.
In California and eisewnere ay- j
draullc gold mining woras have seen
made to pay where the ground yielded
less than 10 cents a cubic yard. Mr.
Woodworth does not believe that rec
ord can fver be equaled in "the Klon
dike. Too much of the gravel Is frozen,
and there are other items of expense
which will keep the limit of profitable
considerably higher. Mr.
CAN THE FOURTH BE REFORMED?
Joke on the Inquisitor.
During the South African War the cen
sorship of soldiers' letters home was
very strict. One soldier, who always
sent an account of the doings of the
regiment, which account was always
blotted out by the censor, laid a plan for
revenge. At the foot of bis .next let
ter ha wrote. "Look under the stamp."
The censor did so, after spending con
siderable time In steaming the stamp
from the envelope. And h found theee
words: "Was.lt bard w get eV
Troy (N. T.) Times.
The "glorious Fourth" is at hand, and
of course every truly patriotic American
believes In appropriately celebrating it.
But is there any good reason why it
Bhould be turned into an occasion for
Woodworth believes, however, that in j offering up a mighty sacrifice of life and
the near future gravels paying 25 j property, to say nothing of the maimed
'cents a yard can be worked at a J bodies that remain as living though pain
good profit. j ful witnesses of over-strenuosity. to call
Within 180, miles east of Dawson j it by no stronger name? The Chicago
there are believed to be more than 5) I Tribune, which keeps a careful record of
square miles of auriferous gravel de- these and other matters, has testified that
posits from 25 to 125 feet thick which I in 10 years in 10 of the prominent cities
will yield an average of mere than 25 j of the country not less than 1100 persons
cents a yard. Twenty square miles in
the Klondike basin are much richer.
There is good evidence that one square
mile on Hunker Creek will produce
250,000.000. Altogether It Is believed
that tbe Klondike basin is capable,
with modem processes and machinery,
of yielding more than J80.003.000. So
it will be seen that the Klondike is far
from "played out." Its epic era the
days of single-handed striving with the
elements for wealth has gone or is
rapidly going. Successful .industry
must now be organized and co-operative
and ober Those woo made the
Klondike's epic, history have trans
formed It. The kind of chance they had
will never be there again. Fifty yean
hence men will doubtless look, at the
Klondiker of 'S3 as we now look at
the Argonaut of '49, with a certain en
vious wonder If It will ever be their
lot to live as he lived, transforming
the face of the earth in few months
with their own hands.
No Insurance in Panama.
Leslie's Monthly.
Under a high enough Hen you may
Insure your life In any country but one.
The one excepted -country Is our new
ally, the Republic of Panama. No pre
mium can be made exorbitant enough to
express a whlteman's chances of occu
pying permanently six feet of that inter
estizg region
were killed and 5333 injured more or less
seriously, while J3.633.0C0 worth of prop
pety was burned on Independence Day.
And other localities make a scarcely less
tragical showing. It is well known that
on the Fourth the surgeons, the ambu
lances, the hospitals and the firemen are
kept particularly busy, and it has come
to be so well understood that the fact is
regarded with a large degree ot public
Indifference.
There Is no danger of the occasion being
forgotten or ot the "spirit of TS" disap
pearing from our midst. Young America
at least will always take care of that.
But if the zeal for celebrating with en
thusiasm and patriotic earnestness con be
tempered with a little discretion so that
the list of dead and wounded will be
shortened and the aggregate fire loss
diminished, the result will be cause for
congratulation and the liberties of the
people will be In no degree curtailed.
"Why not work to such an end?
Which Brand Is Yours?
All gold Is not alike when refined. Aus
tralian gold is distinctly redder than that
taken in California. Moreover, placer
gold is mors yellow than that which is
taken from quartz. This is one ot ths
mysteries of metallurgy, because gold in
placers comes from that which Is in
quartz. Gold taken from different placers
will vary in color. The gold In the TJral
mountains is the reddest la the world.