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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 16, 1905)
5 THE MORNING -O&EGONIAN. TUEGDAY, MAY- 16, "1903i . Entered at the Postoffice at Portland, Or., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTION' BATES. INVAKIABLT IN" ADVANCE. (Br Mail or Express.) Pally and Bandar, per year i'tin Dally and Suadar, six months Dally and Sunday, three months jLalJy and Snnday, per monin Dally -without Sunday, per year... Dally without Sunday, six months. . . -Dally -without Sunday", three months. Dally without Sunday, per month.-.. Sunday, per year Sunday, six months. Sunday, three months... BY CARRIER. Dally -without Sunday, per -week 2lly, per week, Sunday Included.... THE "WEEKLY OREGONIAN. (Iesued Every Thursday.) Weekly, per year .85 . 7.30 3.80 . 1.95 . .65 . 2.00 . 1.00 . .CO .15 .20 1.50 Weekly, six months Weekly, three months -- - HOW TO KEHIT Send postoffice money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency ore at the sender's risk. EASTERN" BUSINESS OFFICE. The S. -C. Beckwlth Special Asescy New Tork; Booms 43-50 Tribune building. Chi cago; Rooms 510-512 Tribune building. The Orecoaiaa does not buy poems or torfes rom Individuals and cannot under-d take .to return any manuscript seni 10 u without solicitation. No stimps should be Inclosed for this purpose. KEPT ON SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex. Postoffice News Co., 178 Dearborn street, Dallas, Tex. Globe News Depot. 260 Main street. Dem-er Julius Black. Hamilton & Kcnd rlck. 806-812 Seventeenth street, and Frue tiuir Bros., (305 Sixteenth street. Vtn Moiiiw. Ia. Moses Jacobs. 303 Fifth ttreeL Golafield. N'cr. C. Malone. Kansas City. Mo. Rickseckcr Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut. Los Angeles narry Drapkln; B. E. Amos, 514 West Seventh street. Minneapolis M. J. Kavanauph. 50 South Third; L. Regeleburger. 217 First avenue South. New York City U Jones & Co.. Astor Houre. Oakland, Ca! W. H. Johnston, Four teenth and Franklin streets. Ogdea F. R. Godard and Meyers & Har top. D. Jj. BoyiK. Omaha Barkarow Bros.. 1612 Farnham; Majfeath Stationery Co., 130S Farnham; McLaughlin Bros.. 246 South 14th. Phoenix, Ariz. The Bcrryhill News Co. Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento News Co., 428 K street. Salt Lake Salt Lake News Co.. 77 West Second street South. Santa Barbara. Cal. S. Smith. San Dlejro. Cal. J. Dillard. San Francisco J. 1C Cooper & Co., 748 Market street; Foster & Crear. Ferry News Stand: Goldsmith Bros., 230 Sutter; J,. E. Lee. Palace Hotel News Stand; F. TV. Pitts, 100S Market; Frank Scott. SO Ellis: N. Wheatley Movable News Stand, corner Mar ket and Kearney streets; Hotel St. Francis News Stand. St. Louis. Mo. E. T. Jett Book & News Company, S0G Olive street. Washington. D. C. Ebblt House News tand. PORTLAND, TUESDAY, MAY 10, 1903. THE PRESIDENT'S TROUBLES. It Is no wonder that President Roose velt had to cut his vacation short. The number of perplexing and important problems to be solved by the Adminis tration appears to be growing greater every day. The President had hardly left the remaining grizzly bears undis turbed in their mountain fastnesses be fore he was brought face to face with the untamable tigers of riot in Chicago. He was made to hear a long and imper tinent address from several of the strike leaders, and then he suffered a Tound of entertainment and speechmak ing for a day and a night that m'ade his previous month's strenuous lite seem like a lazy man's fishing trip. Back In "Washington his programme of ..troubles looks something like this: JJowen-Loomls-Vcneruela imbroglio. Oregon land fraud cafes. Beef trust scandal. Oil trust investigation. Railroad rebate problem. Tobacco trurt inquiry. Treasury deficit. Germany's threat of tariff retaliation. Santo Domingo row. Japanese-Russian War. Federal appointments. The President found the Oregon af fairs demanding his immediate atten tion, and he disposed of them with his accustomed vigor and promptitude. When the President became convinced that the Government had been swindled out of enormous sums by the operations of a gigantic land ring, he determined to bring the thieves to justice. To that end he procured the services of men who he thought deserved his confidence, and he offered it to them. He did more. He assured them that they would have the cordial and unhesitating support of the Administration under all clrcum nances, mat tne President meant what he said he always does Is ob vious from the swift manner in which he acted on Mr. Heney's recommenda tlons. We know In Oregon that Roose velt and Secretary Hitchcock are back of the Government prosecution, and that any other thing that appears to stand in the way of the successful ter mination of these cases will be instant ly removed. If It is in the power of the President to do It. But Oregon is one of the smallest of the Administration's troubles. The Bowen-Loomls controversy Is a very serious matter. The Venezuelan gov ernment Is charged with having out rageously violated the rights of Ameri can citizens owning large properties In ine faouth American Republic Just when we were about to bring President Castro on the carpet for explanation and reparation, and just when we were especially annoyed by his insolent and defiant attitude, gave charges affecting the Integrity pf men who have had charge of the American Government's negotiations are made. Assistant Sec retary of State Loo mis is made the ob ject of a scandalous newspaper attack, based on alleged revelations of his con duct while United States Minister to Venezuela, and these charges are sup posed to have been inspired by the pres ent United States Minister to Venezu ela, Mr. Bowen. It Is needful that our own attitude toward Venezuela be above reproach, or suspicion of any kind, and so the President will get to the bottom of this ugly affair before he goes far ther with the doughty Venezuelans. But it Is all In a day's work with the Executive. He thrives on controversy since he knows that his motives are correct, and the public knows that his judgment is sound, and his plans far reaching. The big bears of Wall street and. the little bears of Oregon are all fair game for Theodore Roosevelt. Professor William Stoddard Franklin head of the department of physics of Lehigh University, Intent more upon the safety of" the small "boy than the comfort of the general public, has in vented a toy cannon which makes flash and a loud report, but will neither explode nor burn and will project noth Ing more harmful than a cork. It is op er&ted on the principle of the gas en gine. An electric spark ignites the gas and air, and & loud explosion follows the cork shell is hurled with great ve locity, and. a flame is emitted which It of such low temperature that It does not even scorch ttesae paper. All of this bespeaks safety to the small boy out for noise on the Fourth of July. But when Professor Franklin says that the cost of 5000 shots and -their deafening detona tions is not more -than 5 cents, he out lines possibilities of suffering- for the American public that are all but appall ing. MR. HILL'S OMISSION'S. The statement of -Mr. James J. Hill, president of the Great Northern, as to the impossibility of establishing a per manent freight rate which would be satisfactory either to the shippers or the railroad Is one of the most impor tant bits of expert testimony offered before the Senate investigating com mittee. Mr. Hill's logic on this partic ular phase of the railroad case Is prac tically unanswerable. Referring to the daily changing of conditions which gov ern rates-, he says: If a railway company, had a lot of empty can? moving in one direction it could afford to make a lower rate to fill those cars than If it had to send the cars out with that load and bring them back empty. . . . Tou must make a rate always assuming that you have to -bring the car back empty, because you are called, upon when you have empty cars, going out Tou are called to send this car out with thl load and there Is nothing to bring back. That in itself In my opinion and I have watched It closely goes further to hold rates up than almost anything else." These constantly changing conditions today puzzle the best railroad experts In the country, and must be met, or some shipper will get the worst of It. A maximum rate bill would offer little or no relief, for it would have to vary" o greatly in different localities that its establishment and maintenance would be practically an Impossibility. The rate situation is such a complex affair that It requires frequent and prompt readjustment to enable the communi ties and individuals served by the roads, and even the roads themselves, to secure what Is right and proper. But a very small fraction of the pres ent outcry against the railroads has been caused by unjust or unreasonable rate schedules, and where there has been trouble of this nature It has been adjusted without' much difficulty. In the majority of cases where the rail- Toads were forced to appeal from the rulings of the commissions, they have been sustained in the courts. This proves ihat the rate is not the prime factor in the creation of the present trong anti-railroad sentiment. The questions which have aroused the indig nation of the public and worked up this sentiment against the railroads are the nefarious secret rebates and the unjust discrimination in cutting rates in favor of certain shippers to the detriment of smaller patrons engaged. In the same line of business. Mr. Hill has but little to say on this point, and he has nothing to say re gardlng the division of territory be tween his lines and those controlled by Mr. Harrlman. The rankest rate dis crimination that Mr. Hill has ever fceen guilty of is not one-half as unfair as that which he. by agreement with Mr. Harrlman, Is practicing on the people of Idaho. .At an enormous expense ner ton per mile he is lifting freight thou sands of feet up through Potlatch Can yon, then dropping It down again to water level, and again lifting It to the summit of the Cascades, to be dropped down to tidewater on the Pacific Coast. One locomotive and a train crew can take from five to six cars from the Clearwater River up to the head of Pot- latch Canyon. If Mr. Hill would- build or permit Mr. Harrlman to build a few miles of railroad between Lewlston and Rlparla, the same locomotive and crew could take fifty to sixty loaded cars right through to tidewater, without climbing a single grade. As the traffic Is now handled, the Clearwater products are farther away from tidewater after they have been dragged up that steep canyon than they were when they left the Idaho farms. This is a species of discrimination that Is more pernicious than the rebate, for the reason that it is absolutely Inex cusable. The thousands of" settlers all through the Idaho Panhandle are enti tled to some consideration In this mat ter, arffl if there is a profit for the rail road In lifting freight over one mile above water level and then dropping it down again, while a gravity route re mains unused. It Is decidedly plain that the rate exacted for the service is too high. Mr. Hill has put up an excellent argument against the granting of rate making powers by the. Government, but he has skillfully avoided all reference to the rank discrimination against com munities, counties and states which has goaded the people into a state of mind where they are not averse to seeing enacted laws sufficiently drastic to ,drive the roads Into bankruptcy. When Mr. Hill and Mr. Harrlman will drop this division of territory and the secret rebating and discrimination against certain ports in favor of others, they will find a much more friendly sentiment In their favor. A maximum freight rate Is not the only question now under fire in the railroad camp. FOR ROSE DAY AT THE FAIR. Enthusiastic amateur'rosarlans a few years ago called Portland the Rose City. Defending usurpation of the article "the," even In the face of Callfornlan products. It was proved to experts more than once that many favorite varieties grew to greater perfection in Western Oregon than In any other part of the world. With the vast amount of adver tising attaching to the Lewis and Clark Fair. Portland's roses have been ex ploited wherever, between the two oceans, newspapers and magazines are read. Now we are put to the test. Never a' season has gone by In recent years, except when an inconsiderate and ridiculous date was set, that Port land could not get together for a rose show two or three thousand exception ally fine specimens. This year we have invited the nations of the earth to wit ness what we can do with the queen of flowers. Distinguished Americans, In cluding the Vice-President of the United States, will be present, together with representatives of various foreign governments Portland must not allow them, nor the multitude of undistin guished visitors, to be disappointed. At least 100.000 roses will be needed to meet expectation and fulfill promises. It will be easy to assemble that num ber if there shall be anything like' gen eral response- to the Rose Society's re quest. There are in Portland not fewer than 15,000 homes whose gardens pro duce good roses. Seven from each home, or fourteen from every other one, will suffice, if only fine blooms be sent, for such an exhibit as will add largely to Portland's fame. One point in Mr. Sibson's letter, pub lished in The Sunday Oregonian, cannot be too strongly emphasized. Disbud your roees. Whit fa th ue, where b-ue&es are c plentiful, f per- ml t ting imperfect buds to sap life and strength from the perfect bud? So, where there is a cluster, rub off the lit tle buds and let all' the sap go into the strong bud in the center. Disbudding should be practiced not only for the Role Show, but 'every year as well. Necessity for cultivating the soil, urged by Mr. Sibson, Is plain. Roses are eer-. talnly entitled, to as much care as onions in the vegetable garden, and for like reason. Saturday, June 3, -will be Rose day at. the. .Fair. Arrangements have been made tor 5000 large glass Jars. These must be filled. A little work, which ought to be a labor of love. In the com ing three weeks, coupled with public spirit and home pride, will serve effec tively to create such a rose exhibit as shall eclipse anything of the kind ever undertaken elsewhere. But to make a big success everybody must help. Today is a good time, or those who have not begun, to begin to heed the suggestions offered by the Rose Society. A FORGETFUL PROFESSOR. Professor Triggs, who did so much to keep the University of Chicago In the public eye during his connection with the great Rockefeller Institution, has just been awarded a verdict for 6 cents damages In the action for libel he brought against the New York Sun. Professor Triggs had criticised Longfel low and other poets, and the Sun, in its own audacious way, criticised and "Jol lied" Professor Triggs. But the matter of the libel Js of less interest than some of the testimony extracted from the plaintiff In the course of cross-examination. A theatrical firm had offered Profes sor Triggs $700 a week to become ad vance agent for a production of "Ro meo and Juliet," and this elicited sev eral Interesting confessions from the plaintiff. As a professor of English lit erature, a student of Shakespeare and a possible lecturer upon "Romeo and Juliet," a play with which he declared himself to be "very familiar," Professor Triggs was asked who Tybalt was. He did not remember. Neither did he re member Mercutlo, and he could not even name the two houses which were, at outs or the city In which the scene was laid. Of course. It is better that a lecturer should know the spirit rather than the letter of his subject, but in our mortal imperfection students cannot arrive at the spirit except through the letter. As the Sun spoke of Professor Triggs as the scourge of Whlttler and Long fellow," there was much reference to these poets during the trial. Professor Triggs maintained that Longfellow had no Imagination, spontaneity, passion, Inspiration, and that his style was poor, simple and unattractive. The defend ant was asked who wrote .the words: For of all pad words of tongue or pen, The saddest arc these. It might have been. Professor Triggs did not know. Nor could he tell who' wrote the lines: Up from the meadows rich with corn. Clear In the cool September morn. The clustered spires of Frederick stand Green walled by the hills of Maryland. "1 really do not place the poem," said Professor Triggs of this quotation, "I do not study It In that way." Longfel low, Whlttler and Shakespeare appar ently made but small impression upon the Trlggslan memory, but It was oth erwise with Whitman. From one of Professor Triggs' utterances this paragraph- was -quoted: "It Is not unlikely that the nineteenth century will be di vided Into the age of Poe and the age of Whitman." This. Professor Triggs said, was not praise of Whitman, but an "Interpretation of facts," and that It was on a level with saying a certain building Is high. With Whitman's works, Professor Triggs proclaimed himself familiar, and further said that "Leaves ofGrass" could with propri ety be read to a young girl or young married woman, "as I explain them." From all of which It appears that the professor of literature is sometimes a person apart from the ordinary reader of poetry. CURING DRUNKENNESS. Dr. Paul Farez, a well-known French psychologist and physician, has lately been conducting experiments for the cure of drunkenness by "suggestion," for which he presents satisfactory re sults. The question. "Can Inebriety be cured by suggestion?" Is one that has been asked many times, but the experi ments to which reference Is made are unique in the realm of subtlety, the subject having been practiced upon en tlrely while asleep. He was, moreover, not desirous of being cured of alcohol- Ism, nor willing to submit to treat ment of any kind for it. Notwithstand ing these adverse conditions. Dr. Farez declares that this man, "against his will and unknown to him, was cured and has remained so for four years." That he was a stubborn and difficult subject is shown by the following statement of his case: The patient was 25 years of age. married. of sound constitution and average health. He commenced drinking when he wa 17 years of age, and his wile had married. him in or der to reform him. After bis marriage, how ever, he drank as .befdre. His dally ration was two quarts of wine with his meals, and during the day several glasses of brandy, rum. A-erroouth. absinthe, etc Ordinarily the man was quiet, but when he had taken more ab sinthe than usual he became violent, abused his wife, broke everything within reach, and surrendered completely to his frenzy. The day following this delirium the man remembered nothing, but when told of what he had done he went, promised to become sober, etc The scenes, however, were soon repeated. Not because the man was considered to be worth saving, perhaps, but rather because it took too long for him to die by this means, his friends gave him into the care of the psychologist. The latter took charge of him willingly In the interest of science, and began treatment by suggestion during natural sleep. From four to five times a week Dr. Farez worked upon him through his subconscious mind. The patient did not know what was going onr and there was slow but steady improvement from the first. Between January, when the treatments began, and April, the man was Intoxicated only three times; In April and May not at all; In June and July slightly intoxicated on two occa slons, and so on, until by the end of the year he took no stimulant except a lit tle absinthe once or twice a month at home. In conclusion. Dr. Farez says "The man is no longer Irritable, but happy, and a regular wdrker. -He has gained control of bis will, Isentle and affectionate, and Is indeed entirely transformed." From his testimony from so high a source we may conclude that the treat ment for alcoholism in the future though possibly still some years hence will not be on lines against the patient's will, through prohibition or other meth otis which invoke his stolid, stubborn opposition, but ly subtlety and circum vention. Tike theory elaborated toy Dr. Farez Is as reasonable as any presentment ! that Is practically inexplicable. It Is well known that, in cases of chronic inebriety the will of the victim suc cumbs entirely to his appetite. In the words of a temperance "lesson in an old" school reader: All. sink before It. hone and truth. And comfort, joy and wealth. As the germs .of tuberculosis weaken and destroy the tissues of the body, so the power of appetite utterly subju gates the will of the subject of alcohol ism. A cure In the first case Jcan only be hoped for by building upthe de fenses of the body so that they will be able to resist the attack of "the Invader. A cure In the second case depends en tirely upon revitalizing the subject's will. Difficult as is the.flrst process, the second is even mere so. If the French psychologist has succeeded In showing; that this can be done along the path oC non-resistance. It may be assumed that he has made a great discovery in the realm of that shadowy but persistent something known as the human mind. The well-attended meeting at Pendle ton of the Oregon Good Roads Associa tion calls attention to the Increasing in terest felt in Improving pur highways. Next to more railroads, the most cry ing need of the rural population is bet ter wagon rorfds." It would be difficult to estimate the-loss sustained each year by reason of poor roads, and In many localities the natural conditions are not o unfavorable to good roads as to pre- ent. their being constructed at a com paratively small cost. It Is money well expended by a farmer If a road over which but one ton could be hauled at a load can be Improved so that the same wagon and horses can haul two tons. The automobile Is doing consid erable to spread the gospel of good roads in the city and suburbs, and the gospel of good roads Is now spreading more rapidly than ever before. Life Is- never tedious In Oklahoma. It Is reported that In one part of the territory 14,000 cyclone caves are being dug. At Hlnton. the following notice has been published: On nlghtn when clouds look at all danger ous a sentry will be stationed In the bell tdwer, provided with a repeating nhotgun. If there Is apparent danger, he will ring the bell and Are a number of phot in quick succes sion. Also any per on who sees a storm com ing when the sentry Is not stationed will be exacted to fire a gun. Yet there are people who th'ink Okla homa Is the garden spot of the world. Perhaps. But those people have never seen Oregon. They may never get the chance. If they stay In the tornado helt much longer. Mr. John Thorson, late of Sweden, and Mr. Martin Mathewson, from the fjords of Norway, wound up a carouse in the Aberdeen, Wash., tenderloin with a discussion as to the superiority of the respective nationalities of each. Mr. Mathewson, with the aid of a two-by four scantling, offered the most con vlncing argument, and Mr. Thorson in consequence was the central figure at a Coroner's Inquest. This' Is not the first time that the question of the superior Ity of nations has been settled by force of arms, but it Is not the usual thing for the loser In the argument to have an inquest held over his remains. The conscienceless burglar Is abroad by night In the city. A minister's home was entered Sunday evening while he was out seeking to save souls, and his best silverware was stolen. There Is an injunction of Scripture which says: "If a man take away thy coat, give him thy cloak also." It is not recorded. however, that the thief In this case Is being sought by the man who lost his "best silver" for the purpose of turning over to him the plated ware that he considerately left behind. While Jessie Bartlett Davis was not In the first class of singers, she held for twenty years a strong hold on the theater-going public There was in her voice the soul of melody. No one, not destitute of the -musical faculty, could listen unmoved' when she sang "Oh, Promise Me," the most charming num- Hood." By this son she will be re- membercd with something of affection by millions of Americans. Dispatches from Seoul to the effect that the Japanese have landed a large army o'n the northern part of the Corean coast, with the object of attack ing Vladivostok, lend additional mean ing to he apparent inaction of Togo. With Vladivostok Invested, the Port Arthur story may be retold, and Ro- jestvensky's squadron lessened one by- one with the aid of mines and torpe does. The Pittsburg young woman who sued her faithless, lover for breach of promise and got damages now sees the error of her ways and remarks: "I thought I loved him, and did love him; but I did not know him. A life with him would have been monstrous, unen durable." But a life without him and with $13,000 of his money will have some attractions for the repentant young lady. Advices from Manila detailing the guerrilla warfare of the outlaw chief Moro may change the views of "antis" with regard to political independence for the Philippines. Incidentally, Major-General Wood, who was a National Issue twelve months ago. Is brought into the limelight of publicity. Roose velt's old chum has proved himself a fighter. Russian co-eds may not be so strenu ous as the American girls In the way of basket-ball, class rushes and athletics generally, but they keep up their end by provoking Cossacks into breaking up their meetings with whips. Rev. Mr. Ghormley took for his topic "The Next Mayor," and then proceeded to pay a high, and no doubt deserved, tribute to Candidate Paget. This is very pleasing to Mr. Paget, but really it is all irrelevant. Young Mr. Rockefeller, It Is said, will give up his religious work, which Inter feres with his Standard Oil work. The public heretofore thought that Rocke feller looked upon his Bible class as recreation. Evidently opium dens in Kansas City are run so openly that a complete stranger like Herbert Croker ned have no difficulty In finding one when - in search of a "little fun." The Supreme Court says the pool rooms can't do business la Portland. 'j Well, tbey h&Ven't been. - - . - , NOTE AiNIKOMMENT; Young Mr. RockefeMer-flndi that' he has too much work, religious work and work: that Is not ao very' religious. Very nat urally, he decides to give up his religious work. There Is very little financial profit in such Mabor at the best, and Bible classes arc by no means the most pro ductive part of the field. His conduct la like that of the Scoftlsh minister of re ligion who was accustomed to curse volu bly when playing golf. "When a friend re monstrated that such profane, golf and the ministry-did not go well together, the' player replied that he would have to give it up. "What, give up golfl" said his astonished friend. "Nae, the meenlstry." answered the " parson. So Rockefeller gives up the ministry for his game. A common gaming-house Is a public nuisance, says the Supreme Court, thereby confirming lay opinion. The Lancet, that journal which Is equal ly at home In a discussion upon berl berl and a discussion upon the latest hygienic penwiper, now condemns the hatpin. woman's great weapon of defense and of fense. "On a windy day." says the Lan cet, "the leverage on the roots of the hair when the large and flapping headgear is endeavoring to sail away Is one of the causes of the headache of which most women complain after a buffeting by the elements." As woman is unlikely to aban don the modern stiletto, the Lancet bad better try to abolish, windy days. Some time ago a paragraph concerning Lloyd's went the rounds of the press. It was to the effect that the company had issued a policy of Insurance against twins. A prospective father, paid $75 for a $5000 volley. It now develops that Lloyd's won the bet. The man who so providently In sured himself against misfortune Is now the father of a fine son, and the Insurance company Is $75 ahead, so both parties arc probably greatly pleased with the situa tion. ' "I am awfully grateful to" the jury," says a St. Louis woman who obtained damages for breach of promise. "They were an Intelligent party of gentlemen, chivalrous and clear-headed, and In giving me a verdict, while they did their duty. yet they did me a service which I can never forget.' Wc should like to hear the defendant's opinion of the same jury. . New defenses In criminal actions are rare. Defendants usually rely on a time- worn plea such as Insanity or put forward an alibi, so it is refreshing to find a New Jersey murderer with an absolutely novel excuse for. his peccadillo. This Ingenious follow says that he has two personalities, which we may designate A and B. Per sonality 'A, present In court, pleads that Personality B committed the crime, and that Personality A Is therefore not re sponsible. It appears to us that this is a very reasonable plea, and that the court should acquit Personality A and hang Personality B. This might not meet with the defendant's approval, perhaps, but It would be a logical decision. Smoot is beginning to reappear in the dispatches. Perhaps he is a relative of the worm that dleth not. It certainly is rough luck on a preacher to go home after the service and find his house ransacked by burglars. He couldn't pven have the satisfaction of knowing that the scoundrels bad been in church and had been compelled to sit through his sormon. The Frecwatcr Times thinks that since the Emperor of Russia is -known as the Czar, and his wife as the Czarina, their young son should be known as the Czar- dine. Mme. Patti has been decorated with the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, and Presl dent Loubet Is credited with remarking as he signed the decree nominating her a foreign member of the order, "I do this with as much pleasure as I experienced long ago, wMen I had no gray hairs, and when I heard Mme. Adcllna Pattl sing "in Lucia and 'La Somnambula.' " Is It possible that a Frenchman could so tact lessly remind a lady of the number of Uears that Kave sscd slnce hCr flrst farewell tour? The manager of the Pacific Christian Advocate has resigned to work for piano-house. From organ to piano, as a noted Portland wag remarked yesterday. In the "hupper suckles" of Nebraska society It appears that the .hostess who would be boss of her own entertainments In her own house must be of an unusually determined character, for one poor wor ried woman writes to her town paper that some self-assertive guest frequently de mands the refreshments to be served at a time choseji by herself. It does seem to be rubbing It In a little to make the unlucky hostess alter her hours. Just to please one guest, but why not present the howling one with a ham sandwich and suggest that she eat it on the way home, whither she ha'd better set out at once? WEX. J. Unhappy Russian Students. World Today. The university student in Russia, with rare exceptions, belongs to. the Liberal rarty. It wms t have be- me a tradi tion that the student's attitude should be strongly against government. This is In lar, measui e exo alned by the fact that the student class suffers more than any other from the arbitrary regulations of the police and censor. Each faculty is provided with Its sub-Inspector and hla staff. At flrst I took these uniformed "spies" for janitors, but afterward learned that their duties consisted simply in remembering the full name of each student. In getting acquainted, as far as possible, with the voices of those who seemed to be the leaders, in order to recognize them even from behind closed doors. In the gymnasia, corresponding to our high and preparatory schools, the regulations are even more strict than In the universities1, and there is no evidence of organized protest. Likewise, on leaving the university .the student finds himself struggling against the bureaucratic ma chine, and gradually submits and accepts it as Inevitable. There Is a small con servative element In the student body, but It does not form an opposition party and can' be disregarded, since It exerts little or no influence on the general trend of student activlfes. x Where Eggs Are Currency. Dublin Lady of the House. Eggs are current coin in Mayo, Ker ry, Donegal and Leltrlra. They are everywhere received over the counter In payment for tea, sugar, meal, oil, bread, tobacco, patent medicines and general haberdashery. Accounts are kept open and good supplied on credit in eggs. Predatory agents traveling through the wilae with worthless teas, itinerant tinkers and musicians, Polish Jews "hawking tlasel Jewelry asa Hedy pictures, ell accept this current cola. ganeraJly ualoadlsy it at the nearest jrallway tow. THE INDETERMINATE. Pertlaeat Ceauaeat ea a Prfsea Reform Adopted by Orison, That Goes lata Effect This Maata. Eugene Smith, prominent prion reformer. In tho New Tork Independent. . The attempt to adjust the penalty for a defined crime to the guilt of tne offender Is not merely difficult: it Is absolutely Impossible of accomplisa ment. The crime Is doubtless suscepti ble of exact definition, and such defi nitions are essential in every penal code; but the degree of guilt In the person committing- the crime Is not susceptible of definition or of human admeasurement. There are a thousand facts and circumstances, relating to the degree of provocation or tempta tion, the habits and natural tempera ment of the offender, the motives that controlled him, the environment of his past life, the extent, of his Intelligence, his Inherited qualities, and countless Individual incidents, every one of which goes to aggravate or to palliate tne guilt of that particular crime. Tne problem from the very nature of tho case. Is insoluble; It is beyond the com pass of human Intelligence. The absolute necessity of providing for the differences of individual cases demanded some elasticity In the retri butive system To prescribe a fixed and uniform penalty of eight years' im prisonment for assault with intent to kill, for Instance, applicable alike to every case coming within the definition of that crime, regardless of the provo cation or lack of provocation attending the assault, would be too revolting to common instinct? of justice. Tne device was ong since adopted of softening the rigidity of a uniform sentence by en acting a minimum and a maximum term of imprisonment for each crime punishable by Imprisonment "not more than ten or less than five years." "not more tnan one year," "not moro than three years and not less than six raonth3." Expressions like these are found In almost every penal statute. They are designed to cast upon the Judge conducting the trial the duty of measuring the prisoner's guilt and of pronouncing a just sentence, the dura tion of which, the law decrees, must He within the limits named. This 1m DOies upon the Judge a cruel responsi bility. It is the logical consequence of the retributive theory that when a con vict has duly served his sentence he Is said to have atoned for his offense; so far as the state Is concerned he Is purged of his crime and is entitled to regain his freedom as If he had never violated the law. This right to a dis charge Is an absolute one, and wholly Irrespective of the convict's character or purposes. It may be morally cer tain that he will Immediately return to a life of crime; he may even avow openly his plans and Intention to do so; still, the law has no provision for his further detention, and, by the ex piration of the term of his sentence, he becomes ipso facto a. free man. This is practically the most dangerous fea ture of the retributive system. Dis charged convicts now constitute by far the most hardened and desperate class of criminals: they are the ex perts, tho instigators, the skilled lead ers in criminal enterprises. When a criminal Is found guilty, why docs tho state condemn him to Impris onment? What Justifies such Impris onment and what Is the object to be attained by It? The state confines a convicted criminal In prison, according to the theory of retributive punish ment. In order to make him suffer: the suffering is the penalty of his crime, and when It has been prolonged to a degree commensurate with his guilt the prisoner Is held to have paid the penalty and to bo purged of the crime. This is a very narrow view of the re lation of the state to crime, and a very false view of the ends of government by law. The state is justified in Im prisoning a convict on precisely the same ground that It is justified in con fining In an asylum a lunatlce who Is suffering from violent mania, or In forcibly placing In a hospital a small pox patient who Is at large. The rea son for the enforced restraint in all such cases Is the- same; It is not safe for the community that these persons should have their freedom. The mo tive properly governing the action of the state, the end to be attained, are in each case the same, namely the pro tection of the public. To sentence a burglar at the time of his conviction to Imprisonment for the term of five years is as Irrational as It would be to send the lunatlce to an asylum for the preordained time of five years, or the smallpox patient to a hospital for exactly three weeks. The lunatic and the person afflicted with contagious disease must be confined until they are cured until it is safe for the public that they be discharged. The same course Is the only rational one to adopt for the criminal. The Indeterminate sentence has been devised in recognition of the principle of public protection as opposed to that of retribution. By this sentence a per son convicted of crime is sentenced to imprisonment not for any fixed or definite term but to imprisonment simply. The imprisonment is "to con tinue until the prisoner shall have un dergone such a change In his character. JUDGE BELLINGER'S DEATH. Jurist of Noble Character. Baker City Democrat. In the death of Judge C B. Bellin ger .of the United States District Court of Oregon, the state has lost one of Its ablest jurists. Judge Bel linger was a man of noble character and he was bloved by the members of the bar throughout the "state. An Incorruptible Judge. Boise News. The death of Judge Bellinger of Portland, last evening, removed from the Federal bench one of the ablest Judges In the country. Judge Bel linger was appointed by President Cleveland during his first term to suc ceed Judge Deady. He was. respected by all classes as an incorruptible Judge. His Death Most Unfortunate. Pendleton East Oregonian. Judge Bellinger has been one of the most Impartial and fearless men ever to occupy a Federal position In Oregon, and his death at this crisis In the state's his tory is most unfortunate. It .will delay the land fraud cases, and -In such delay the accused and indicted parties will have many opportunities to strengthen their straw defenses. Loss of a Noble" Pioneer. Eugene Guard. The death of Charles B. Bellinger removes one more of the honored pioneers ithat made that journey across the plains to the then wild uncivilized great state that Is now a great com monwealth of this Nation. He was a scholar of great attainments, his de cisions vers sound and just, and Ore gon loses one of its noble pioneers who helped make the state through years' of .hardship and strife. His place can sot be filled. A Jdge to Be Trusted. Albany Democrat. Oregon people have been greatly concerned this week ever the illness of Judge SeillBger &f the United S-tates District Ceurt. follswed by his death. His career has bees oa Which has . . SENTENCE FOR CRIME I habits and purposes as to render it safe, in the judgment of a competent tribunal, to restore him to freedom. Of course, the indispensable concom itant of the indeterminate sentence is a reformatory system of prison treat ment. 'Confinement In prison affords protection to the public only while U lasts". Effectual and permanent protec tion can be secured in but two ways cither the prisoner must never be re stored to freedom, or else he must be so reformed that he can, with safety to the public, be set at liberty. The latter alternative Is not only the more humane; it Is also the more economical, and-on both grounds the protection and well-being of the public demand the reformation, as much as they demand the imprisonment, of the criminal. It nas been fairly 'demonstrated that . a large percentage, much more than a majority, of all convicts can be so transformed, through prison discipline and training, that they can safely be Intrusted with freedom, and that they wiil aDstain from crime and lead in dustrious and honest lives. A cardinal principle of the reforma tive systtm Is the individual treatment of prisoners. Every effort is made t$ gain and to record all available In formation regarding the past life of each prisoner. Hlc life while in prison passes under close scrutiny, and the results of such observation are mi nutely recorded. Every convict Is sub jected to special treatment adapted to his capacity xmd having reference to his points of strength and of weakness; In numberless ways he. Is subjected to tcs'.s. and his successes and his failures are carefully noted in his record. By these methods the inmost character and purposes of tho prisoner becomo unfolded to tile prison officers: the system Is so searching that shams and 'deceit are unavailing and are well- nigh impossible. When it comes to the question of hl3 fitness or unfitness for freedom the record of his life In the prison yields ample data upon which to found a Judgment regarding his capapity, his power of self-control, the strength of his moral purposes In a word, regarding his Intention and his ability to lead an honest life. The de cision can safely be trusted to a board of experienced men acting In co operation with the officers of the pris on, and the judgment arrived at can be formed with as much confidence In its correctness, as. for example, in the decision of a body of physicians that an Insane patient has recovered his sanity. ) . ' It is the vital principle of the inde terminate sentence that no convict should be discharged until he is fit for freedom. In another way the Indeterminate sentence i3 a most potent instrumental ity toward the reformation of the con vict. Under this system the duration of the convict's imprisonment is de pendent upon tne convict himsetf. None of the reformative agencies .can be effective without his active co-operation. The instinctive love of free dom, the longing for release, consti tute the strongest motive that ani mates the prisoner. And when he Is made to realize tnat he has to work out his own salvation, and that the, length of his imprisonment depends on his own exertions, the strongest possi ble stimulus is applied to him to sur render himseir to 'tne reformative in fluences that surround him. The Indeterminate sentence Is not properly applicable to every offense. Capital crimes, which incur the sen tence of death or imprisonment for Uff. ought to be excepted from its op eration. If peculiar circumstances can In any case justify the release even of, a convict guilty of a capital crime, the power to pardon vested in the Gov ernor is plenary. The indeterminate sentence Is na longer a mere doctrinaire's theory. It has now become firmly Imbedded in American criminal jurisprudence. n In modified forms, all o which. however. embody its vital principle, it "has been Incorporated In the statutes of various states of the Union, notably New York. Massachusetts. Connecticut, New Jer sey, Ohio. Illinois. Indiana. Minnesota and Colorado. Another essential concomitant of the Indeterminate sentence is the feature of conditional rcleaes on parole. When a convict Is deemed fit for release a situation wnero he can have employ ment Is procured for him through the efforts of his friends or through the agency of the state, and he is sent there on probation. He remains for a term (generally six months) a. ward of the state, still under sentence and un der official supervision. If he falls Into evil ways and seems to be gravi tating back toward crime, he Is rear rested and returned to prison for fur ther treatment. 'If he passes the pro batlonay period leading an honest life and demonstrating his intention and ability to abstain from crime, he ob tains a final and absolute discharge. In the universal adoption of the in determinate sentence, with all that It logacllly Involves, rests the strongest hope for final victory in the contest, which has hitherto been a losing con test, for the suppression of crime. called for encomiums of a high order, without a word against his conduct. His sterling character and great worth as a man placed htm prominently as a Judge who could be trusted above the din of political clamor. Hence his Ill ness excited general concern among all desiring justice, particularly in the land-fraud cases, over which he pre sided with fairness and discernment. There Is universal regret over his death. Severe Loss to the Northwest. Olympla Olympian. In the death of Judge Bellinger at Port land Friday not only Oregon, but the en tire Northwest sustained a severe loss. Few men die leaving behind greater mon uments self-reared through life work. Judge Bellinger has perhaps done more to command respect for the laws of the land than any other man that ever lived in the West not through hard and un compromising application of the law, but by his own undying hatred of wrong, his devotion to the fundamental principles of law. He was a great, broad. Just man one who inspired respect for the things he stood for. A Lovely Errand. Llpplncott's. He was a cherubic youth of 4, with af beautiful, blue-eyed countenance and an angelic smile the kind of boy that hon est persons long Instinctively to kidnap. He sat on the fence, swinging his heels and humming a kindergarten song. "Oh, you darling!" cried an impulsive young .woman, pouncing upon him and giving him a hug. "Has your mother any more like you? Have you any little brothers?" "Yop," replied the angelic boy, "got three. Me and Jack and Billy and Frank." "Which one do you like best?" "Jack, I guess," replied the youngster after a moment of deep thought. "Yop. I like Jack, best." "And why," asked the young woman, "do you like Jack beat?" "'Cause he dia such a loyejy errand for me once." "What was, that lovely errand?" "He hit Billy on. the leg;" replied, ths sweetly serious eherufe. "Why,"" purwed the young wenian. "didn't you de your swn biting?" . "'Cause I hate "the taste ef .Bfliy'i Hgr," was the calm reply. -" . - f'