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PORTLAND, SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1905.
JAPAN'S EXISTENCE AT STAKE.
Can Japan defeat Russia at sea? It
is now the question of paramount in
terest for the entire world. In coun
tries that sympathize with Japan rather
than with Russia, and have admiration
for the splendid fight which Japan thus
far has made, there is very serious
apprehension, because of the perilous
situation in which loss of her command
of the sea would place Japan. It would
cut her armies on the continent off
from their own country, and would
place Japan at the mercy of Russia,
unless other nations should interfere to
prevent the execution of a vengeance
that would mean her virtual annihila
tion. Other nations, we said; but Great
Britain is the only nation that could
be at all expected to interpose.
Russia's naval armament In the
China Sea Is considerably greater than
that of Japan. It is greater In vessels
and men and guns; but the question
whether its fighting force is greater is
one that can be settled only by the test.
The Japanese fleet -Rill have need of all
the superior qualities of strategy, dar
ing, celerity, gunnery, skill in the use of
torpedoes and every other weapon which
it has been supposed to possess.' Acci
dental circumstances too conditions
known to men as fortune or even as
luck may play large part In this mo
mentous affair. But skill, judgment.
quickness and courage remain the qual
ities that will tell; and on these Japan
bases her hope of emerging triumphant
ly from her present supreme peril. For
all Japan knows that her existence is
at stake on this battle, and her fleet Is
prepared to fight with this knowledge
of what is expected of it.
COAL AS A FACTOR.
What coal will do for industrial
growth needs no remark. It falls under
every one's observation.
An immense proportion of the recent
development of our Southern States
rests on coal before the Civil War un
known. There was nothing of any con
sequence in coal production in the
South in 1860. Since the war Its growth
has been enormous. This may be made
plain by the following figures from the
Manufacturers' Record, a trade paper of
ijauimore, wnicn prints taoies snowing
growth of coal production (in tons) in
several Southern States, viz:
1870. 1880. 1800
Virginia 61.000 43.000 784.000
West Virginia 608.000 1.820.000 7,384.000
Tennessee 133,400 495,000 2.169.C00
Kentucky WO.fiOO 946,200 2,701.400
Alabama 11,000 323.000 4.090.400
1000. 1004.
Virginia 2.393,704 3.500.000
West Virginia ..............22.647.200 30,500,000
Tennessee 3.509.500 4.750,000
Kentucky ....... .-... : 5,328.900 7,095,000
Alabama 8,394,200 11,252,000
The growth Is prodigious. Not only
is the "coal crop" great In itself, but
It Is also the source and support of
other immense Industries. It is plain
and manifest that the South, which
yields raw material in abundance of the
most important articles of use, being
the possessor of this vast store of coal,
is destined to be one of the most Im
portant manufacturing regions on the
globe, and only awaits money and. en
terprise for the development of its enor
mous natural wealth to become an in
dustrial wonder of the world.
And, since coal is In this day the
great source of material power. It Is ap
parent that a chief need of our Pacific
States is development of coal supply.
Herein, as The Oregonlan has often re
marked, is one of the directions in
which our energies In these Pacific
States ought to be employed. Portland
and Oregon have made and are making
fine progress in all development, ex-,
cept that of coal. This lags; and it
holds back everything else. But the
coal is In these states, and we must get
at it. '
Has Admiral Togo been governed by
an excess of prudence in delaying the
great sea fight that must come in the
China Sea? Has the fear that he might
lose some of the vessels that constitute
the relatively small naval force of
Japan caused him to remain in rendez
vous until the fleets of his formidable.
adversary effected a conjunction that
makes the naval power opposed to him
to "all appearances overwhelming? Ib
he. In obedience to a rush order from
Tokio, steaming: now to defeat and dis
aster? Or will he by wiles yet undis
closed and resources made quickly
available be able to save his fleet and
inflict vital injury upon that of- Ro-
jestvensky? The world awaits with In
tense interest the answer that it Is be
lieved -will be given by the greatest sea
fight In" modern times within a few
days.
THE EXPOSITION TO DATE.
People in Portland are never tired.
nnce the Athenians or ow, of hearing
and seeing some new thing about the
Exposition. The city Is large enough to
undertake and carry through a big en
terprise, and small enough for a com
mon impulse of interest to run through
the whole community. One thing all
are proud of Is that the foresight of the
management Is justified ty the pre
paredness of buildings and the forward
condition of installation of the exhibits.
so that It could be officially stated 'that
on June j. tne aoors win De openea on
a completed Exposition. What was
made impossible by the gigantic scale
at St. Louis is made possible by the
more moderate undertaking at Port
land. What is shown more clearly day
by day Is that our sister states have
adopted the Exposition as their own.
This, though hoped for, was hardly ex
pected. California and "Washington
spare neither money, skill nor effort to
show the world how bountiful Is Dame
Nature on the Pacific Slope. But the
display of the products of studios,
workshops and factories will astonish
fully as much as the outcome of one
short century of conversion from sav
agery of forest and wilderness to fruit
ful field and smiling homes. Old World
arts and Industries have been receiving
the newest of New World develop
ments. As time passes and comparison
between the various structures is pos
sible, our Forestry building retains its
pre-eminence. Nothing like it has been
seen. All instructed observers will no
tice the reproduction of the ancient
Doric pillar of the Grecian temple of
the earliest architecture in the forms of
the splendid tree trunks from the for
ests of the Columbia upholding the
massive architecture. The dim and cool
interior of the building, with its sense
of subdued coloring, size and space,
suggests the vaults of a huge cathedral
of the woodbuilders of old. Whatever
the fate, of other structures, the For
estry building must surely never be de
stroyed. So each day adds to the scope of the
display, and, as the litter and strew of
construction disappear and the natural
beauties of the site stand more clearly
out, the sense of pride and satisfaction
grows, and more and more Invitations
go lorth far and wide. Come and see.
OUTLINES OF AN INDIAN POLICY.
Francis E. Leupp, United States Com
missioner of Indian Affairs, outines in
a clear, comprehensive way, in a recent
number of the Outlook, the Indian pol
icy of the Government as he sees and
tries to administer it. In brief, it Is the
policy of individualism as applied to the
treatment of Indians the effort to de
velop the initiative In these people and
to throw them upon their own resources
in making and maintaining homes and
in the accumulation and care of iirop-
erty. Mr. Deupp starts -out with the as-.
sertion that the commonest mistake
made fcy the Well-wishers of the Indian
is the assumption that "he is simply a
white man with a red skin; the next
commonest is that, because he is a
non-Caucasian, he is to be indiscrimi
nately classed with other n on -Caucas
ians the negro, for example."
Common observation of the manner
of dealing with the Indian readily at
tests the truth of this statement The
result of these mistakes, especially the
first one. Is seen in the degeneracy of
the Indian from the standard of sturdy,
independent savagery to a low grade of
civilization, if that can be called civili
zation in any sense of the term that
supplants such native characteristics as
are in a degree admirable, by vices that
are in every way abominable, and
leaves its subject neither a savage nor a
civilized man, but a nondescript, who
has no place in the economy of Nature.
To the end that the Indian may not
be further demoralized by the policy
that has developed above all things else
the pauper instinct and contributed to
his native indolence and irresponsibility
Mr. Leupp says we must reckon with
several facts. The first of these is that
nothing can be done to change the In
dlan who lias already passed middle
life. In this It must be conceded that
he Is not unlike other men. Fixity of
habit is not a racial trait, but one alto
gether human. The very quality of
steadfastness, which when well applied
is admirable in all men, will keep him
an Indian of the old school to the end.
With the younger adults, continues Mr.
Leupp. we can do something here and
ther(?t tut our maln hope Hes with the
voumflli ceneration who ar still monK.
urably plastic.
This was the theory so strenuously
urged by Captain M. C. Wilkinson, the
first superintendent of what Is now the
Chemawa Indian Industrial School
Optomist though he was, he felt that
the blanket Indian of the smoky, mal
odorous tepee, who had passed from a
boyhood of idleness through the early
years of manhood in increased Indo
lence, and on Into middle life in sodden
laziness, content with what this condi
tion brought him, could not be made to
appreciate even the commonest of what
are known to civilization as the "con
quests of life." Everything depends
upon an early beginning and the devei
opment of character. In the words of
Mr. Leupp, "efforts must be directed to
educating rather than instructing In
dians. Learning is a secondary consid
eration. When we get to that our duty
is to adapt it to the Indian's immediate
needs."
'He estimates that of the 30,000 or 40,
000 Indian children of school age in the
United States at least three-fourths will
settle in that part of the West which is
still styled the frontier. -Most of these
will try to. draw a, living out of the
soil; a less part will enter the general
labor market as lumbermen, ditchers
miners, railroad hands, etc. "If any
one can show me," adds Mr. "Leupp,
"what advantage will come to this
large body of manual workers from
being able to reel off the names of the
mountains in Asia or to extract the
cube root of 123456789, I shall be deeply
grateful."
Here we have a distinct note, of utili
tarianism injected into the eternal song
of Indian elevation and reconstruction
Proceeding In this strain, Mr. Leupp
says:
To my notion, the ordinary Indian boy
better equipped for his life truggle on
frontier ranch when he can read the elmpl
English of the local netvipaper. can writ
a short letter. Intelligible though maybe HI
spelled, and knows enough of figures to dis
cover whether the storekeeper Is cheating
him. Beyond these scholastic accomplish
ment his time could be put to its best use
by learning how to. repair a broken harness,
haw to straighten a sprung tire on his wagon
wheel, how to fasten a loose horseshoe with
out breaking the hooft and how to do the
hundred other bits of handy tinkering which
are so necessary to the farmer who lives
thirty miles from a town. The girl who has
learned only the rudiments of reading, writing
and ciphering, but knows also how to make
and mend her clothing, to wash and Iron, and
to cook her husband's dinner, will be worth
vastly more as mistress of a log cabin than
one who has given years of study to the
ornamental branches alone.
This training accomplished, the only
chance In Industrial life for the Indian,
as well as for the white boy, is to set
him to the task of taking care of him-
self. Many individuals unable to keep
up the pace may fall by the wayside
and be trodden under foot. This Is the
case withlhe strugglers of every race.
It is the stern, uncompromising law of
the survival of the fittest. Deeply as
we deplore this possibility, we must
not let it blind us to our duty to the
race as a whole.
TRADE WITH THE FIHUPPINES.
Complete trade statistics from our de
pendencies across the Paaclfic are a lit
tle slow In coming to hand, but the
Government has just received the com
plete figures on the foreign commerce
of the Philippines for the ten months
ending October 31, 1904. The Imports
for that period reached a total of $25,
418,189, compared with $29,320,156 for the
same period in 1903, and $27,618,014 in
1902. Exports -were valued at $24,700,5S7
compared with $26,101,405 for the corre
sponding period in 1903, and $22,056,595
in 1902. Hemp exceeds In value all
other products exported from the
Islands. the total for the ten months
reaching a valuation' of $17,633,310, of
which the United States received 47.499 I
tons, valued at $8,443,524, while to the
United Kingdom were shipped 47.513
toales,valued at $7,793,113.
The value of the Imports into the
islands from the United States Was
$4,363,683, and the exports to the United
States were valued at $9,394,050, a loss
of something over $1,000,000 compared
with the same period In 1903. The
United TCine-dnm cwms to hiivA th
KtmnroEt Tini nn ttn rnne
trade with the Philippines for imports
frnm tViof m.-rt t
$1,614,765. although the United States
made a slight gain over the same period
in 1903 by shipping to the amount of
$245,000.
The most significant feature in con
nection with these Philippine trade sta
tistics lies in the statement regarding
the nationality of the vessels which
handled the exports and imports. Brit
ish vessels, of course, led all others in
the trade, Spain second, with Germany
close third and America fourth. It
will be another year before the com
merce between the Philippines and
American ports will be at the mercy of
the American shipowner, but the figures
regarding the carrying trade to and
from the islands last year are suffi
ciently alarming to demand immediate
effort to prevent extension of the coast
wise privilege to vessels plying to and
from the Philippines.
As previously mentioned, the import
and export trade between the Philip
pines and the United States for the ten
months ending October 31, 1904, amount
ed to $13,757,733. Of this amount, im
ports to the value of $2,283,326 and ex
ports valued at $2,064,317 were carried In
American bottoms, all of the remainder
being carried by foreign vessels, -which, I
If the present law Is not repealed, will
next year be barred from the trade.
Everyone at all familiar with the ship-
ping Industry knows that there Is an
insufficient number of American vessels
now in commission tohand!e the trade J
as satisfactorily and economically as it
is handled by the foreign ships. Great
difficulty 1 experienced on this coast in
securing American ships to carry
freight to Manila as cheaply as it would
be taken by the foreigners, and yet.
with the Government favoring Ameri
can vessels, they handled less than one-
third of the traffic between the islands
and this country during the period last
year.
These figures foreshadow what was
predicted when the nefarious measure
placing the Philippines under the coast-
wise laws was passed that is, the for-
eign ships will continue to carry the
bulk of the trade to and from the
Islands, but instead of carrying it to
this country, they will take it to coun
tries to which all flags look alike so
long as they fly over ships that offer a
prompt and economical conveyance of
freight to and from the Philippines or
any other port. The act of Congress
which extended the coastwise naviga
tion laws to the Philippines should have
been entitled "An act to restrict the
trade of the United States with the
Philippines."
CHANGE IX STOCKRAISING METHODS.
Men representing the livestock Inter
ests of the great range districts foresee
In the near future a radical change in
stockgrowing methods. While the free-
range system, unuer conditions of
sparse settlement, has been immensely
profltable to a few, it is held, with rea-
son, that the restricted range, under
conditions of intelligent fencing, a pro-
tected pasturage and forage crops
grown under irrigation, will be equally
profitable to the many. The difference
will lie In wjder distribution of wealth
through the medium of the stock Indus-
try, carried on by those who are known
to the trade as "small' stockgrowers."
The great ranges have, been repeated
ly overstocked by Eastern capital, with
a result in many instances, of enormous
loss to investors. If the. effect of this
overstocking had stopped here, it would
not have been serious, but the worst
effect of this policy (or of method.
which lacked intelligent policy) was the
keeping out of small stockmen and
farmers. Nothing of permanent value
was left to the country by the old pro
cess. On the contrary, the effect was to
drain a vast region of Its chief asset
by utterly exhausting its wealth of pas
turage and leaving it more specifically
a "wilderness" than it was before.
Following this destructive policy, cat-
tleraislng on a smaller scale has been
Introduced. The aggregate in output
has not suffered, but the Industry has
yielded its profits to a much larger
number of men. Pastures have b'een
fenced and protected by the "rest sys
tem" required in plant life as well as
In animate Nature; alfalfa and other
forage crops have been grown for Win
ter feeding; and, best of all, homes
have sprung up over wide areas where,
under the old system, the shanty of the
herder and the corral at the shipping
point were the only signs of human
habitation.
At a late convention of the Stock-
growers' -Association - in Miles City,
Mont, a case in evidence; of the. success
of the new method of fencing and for
age over the "free range," against
which hot contention still exists in por
tions of our own state, was cited,
wherein a well-known sheepralser was
running . 30,000 sheep on the same
ground upon which his predecessors
failed with 4000. In explanation the
speaker simply said "alfalfa and man-J
agement did it"
Of course "management" without
"alfalfa" would not be able to score a
success of this kind, and alfalfa be
comes a possibility upon the semi-arid
lands only through irrigation, Hence
the stockman's hope under the changed
conditions that are pressing upon his
business is in irrigation and in personal
holdings of land, the grazing of which
he can control. - i
The homebullding spirit will press I
forward indeed is pressing forward In I
sunDort of this hone and' plan. .The
time will no doubt come when the small
stockraiser will be to the livestock In
dustry what the small farmer is to ag
riculture. The term "small" in this con-
nectlpn Is. of course Jf"
but it means the springing up of homes
and schoolhouses over a wide region
that has heretofore been given over to
herds and flocks and their homeless,
half-savage caretakers. It means also
a diffusion Instead of a concentration
of wealth through the stock industry.
and eventualy an end to the disgraceful
warfare waged between rival elements I
upon the open ranges.
The St. Paul Globe Is to die. It was
started in opposition to the Pioneer
Press, by special Interests that thought
they -wanted a newspaper to promote,
support ana iurtner uieir own various
scnemes. sucn ventures into newspa-
perdom have been very common. But
after a career of twenty-three years,
during which It has sunk a, great deal
ot money, the Globe Is now to glVe up
t-he ghost. Such Is the fate, soon or
late, of every effort to establish a news
paper as an auxiliary of the schemes of
capitalists, or to make a public journal
successful on any basis other than re
gard for the distinct purposes of jour
nalism. Such efforts are still continued, I
nere and there, but they are less fre-
auent than formerly, and after a while
will Drobablv cease altogether. 'As the
tail of the kite of capitalistic syndicates,
th npwsnanpr npvpr siicrpedfi. Monev I
may be at command In abundance, but
invariably It is found that money can't
make such newspaper "go."
Possibly, even probably, the newspa
per men of Washington who were in
want of story, have laid too much
stress on the notion that John Barrett,
Minister to Panama, was out of favor
with the Administration, and would be
recalled. Barrett has ever been a fa
vorite with the President, and when he
went to Panama he well knew what the
President wished to do. As an effective
agent of the Administration's Panama
policy, his superior could not easily be
found. Barrett has quick perception.
strong resolution, and has acted
throughout with the one purpose of pre
serving conditions that would keep the
peace and maintain the rights of the
United States upon the Isthmus. It
seems probable that the newspaper cor
respondents were in need of a story and
that conjecture has supplied it. It is
as well to wait for further advices.
A momentous question has been set-
tied for another year. Mrs. Donald Mc-
Lean, of New York, has been chosen
president of the National Solcety of the
Daughters of the American Revolution.
Her chief competitor In a spirited con-
test was Mrs. Sternberg, 'wife of ex-
Surgeon-General Sternberg, who on the
final ballot polled 322 votes to 362 for
her successful rival. In evidence of the
statement that women have learned to
control their feelings and not "show
temper" in the face of opposition and
defeat may be cited the fact that the
victorious candidate in this election
gave a largely attended reception in the
evening following her triumph, at which
I harmony aiyl general good feeling pre- I
vailed. .1
I
Amonjr the interesting allegations
made In connection with the Equitable
scandal is the statement that Chauncey
I Depew has been on the society's
I payroll for thirty years at $25 000 per
vpar Thirtv time $. 000 iq S750 000
which, with 6 per cent interest, would
amount to about $1,000,000. If the Sen
ator were to be called on to make resti
tution of $1,000,000, It might occur to
j,im that a directorship In the Equitable
Is not such a cinch after all. He might
be required to show what service he has
rendered for that great sum. Is it be
cause he is a "peach"? Or a United
States Senator? Or otherwise useful to
other directors in th'eir schemes?
Quite possibly Patrolman Carlson hit
William Edelman, the park loafer.
harder than was necessarj. It is not
the business of a policeman to be gen
tle. But what was Edelman doing with
a pistol, and who can justify him for
trying to kill the policeman? Perhaps
the weapon was not loaded, as Edel-
man's friends say. But what of It'
Carlson was under no obligation to ask.
nor to assume that Edelman had any
purpose but to shoot. If the author-
itles discipline Carlson, it will be
most encouraging for idlers with pistols
who desire not to be disturbed while
sleeping on the grass.
One Portland woman, not lacking in
pride or good taste, believes with Ed-
h'ard AtkInson- th! noted economist.
that a woman can dress on $65 a year.
Mpre than that, she knows It, because
she has done It. Her opinion, as well
as half a dozen others, will be published
In The Sunday Oregonlan tomorrow.
Easter falls this year within two days
of as late a date as it Is possible for it
ever to fall. There is an infallible rule
for' findlng Easter. Take the 21st of
March, the vernal equinox, as the start-
ing point. Easter then will be the first
Sunday after the first full moon after
the 21st of March.
Wisconsin has driven out the cigar
ette, and now proposes to tax the
bachelor. There is nothing left for the
bachelor but to come to Oregon, where
he can smoke himself to death.
Wisconsin has passed a law which
forbids all sale of cigarettes within the
state. Why not tobacco in all forms?
We may all be interested, to know
just what will be the style of Council
man Rumelin's plea in abatement.
Evidently it is a long time "between
bears for Mr. Roosevelt
NOTE ANDCOMMENT.
What? Roosevelt a guest of honor at
the Iroquois Club of Chicago! Has the
millcnium rally come? Will St. Peter
dine with Satan?
Jimmy Hyde seems "to have hold of
tfle hot end of the poker.
And now Jawn Gates scalp alorn3
Armour's belt. Maybe after a while
these trade highwaymen wjll learn to
respect their chief:
one wav for steam railroads to pro-
tect themselves from, electric lines is to
Mohlerize their local- trains.
f
Johann BluebeaYd Hooh. wants a Ger-
man jury. Wonder If a few months
hence He will ask that the -rope be of
German manufacture?
That Front-street bridge is a never-
ending source of surprises. Next!
-
'"What would ' tho surgeons Jo,"
ki1l 1, tt,. i-c... "I tho 1
jorlty of persons hud' their appendices
' . .
retuuveu nunc mey were in ijciicui. i
nealthr Tney would clip coupons from
bonus bought -with the fees and patient-
ly wait for the minority.
.
F. Augustus Heinzc. of Butte, gets
another "top of column next to live
reading matter" position by a court vie-
tory over other pirates.
Afer a few days at Monte Carlo, Mr.
Hay "felt stronger" but the amount Is
not stated.
Lillian Russell says that the Sunday
theater Is immoral. Well, after 30 years.
sh oujrnt to fcnow.
A Chicago university professor says
it would be better for the country if the
Rocky Mountains ran cast and west in
stead of north and south. Respectfully
referred to the - Interstate Commerce
Commission.
An exchange remarks: Some people
seem to think that, instead of "James
H. Hyde and associates." It ought to be
written "James H. Hyde and accom
puces.
About a year ago Dr. Gray lost a wallet
cnnuuninjr a large sum ot money, says
ino oaraen uuy rieraia. He offered a
liberal reward for Its return, but the
party who found It thought tho whole
thing was better than the reward. The
other day the doctor entered his coal-
house, and the first thing he saw was
his wallet, and protruding from the end
was a card bearing the inscription: "Doc
tor, please fill this prescription again."
The Rev. Henry C. McCook. pastor
emeritus of one of the oldest and most
fashionable churches In Philadelphia. tell3
of a Scotchman who left the Presbyterian
Church and became an Independent. The
deserter was taken to task by the Pres
byterian minister.
"Sandy." began the minister, "I'm jorry
to find that you have changed your re
ligious Inclinations. 'A rolling stone gath
ers no moss, Sandy."
"Ay, minister, I ken," responded Sandy,
"but canna ye tell me what guld th moss
Is to th' stane?"
The late Baron de HIrsch, the Jewish
financier, was dining, at a German noble
man s nouse in company wun a certain
Prince, who made no secret of his ven-
omous antipathy to the Jews. Courtesy
proved no barrier to the outflow of his
spleen.
Remarking upon a tour he had made in
Turkey, he said he had been favorably
impressed with two of its customs:
"All Jews and dogs that are .caught are
Immediately killed."
The Baron; with smiling sang froid. Im
mediately relieved the scandalized con
sternation of the other guests with
bland rejoinder:
"How fortunate you and I don't live
there."
The poet-lauroate of the HoldenvJlle
Tribuno breaks forth into song to the
praise of Theodore Roosevelt:
Hello, Ted. old boy. we greet you with
joy: we're glad that you're In the great
west; throughout, tne wnoie land wo II
sive you a hand of friendship, and all
that is best
Indian Territory s pride Is at a high
1 t,de when your name is heard on the
plain land of the fair God, where wild
I beasts have trod, Is the place for you to
remain.
Your life is a hope to massos who
grope in labor's rough tumbles out here;
hence we fondly bring to you everything
that harbors on thoughts that are dear.
We'll give you the bear, soul, body and
hair; chase and kill and eat and be glad;
we'll give you the woods and deliver the
goods), and frolic that you never had.
We'll make your life blest with joys
of the West; we'll loan you our homes for
shelter; we'll gve you our money. Indian
Territory's honey, and boasts that roam
helter-skelter.
There's nothing too high for him who
Is nigh to the heart and home of his kin;
to us you're a man whose glories will
span climes where others have never
been.
Chape down the rabbit as though 'twere
a habit; chase down the wo1v.es and coy-
otos free: chase down the bea3ts nnd live
on feasts; chase down the worry with
glee.
And when you leave you'll then believe
that we're all that we claim to be a
people of thrift, who push and who lift
the blisses that thrive on life's sea.
At Gibraltar.
G. E. Woodberry:
I.
England. I stand on thy imperial ground.
Not all a stranser; as thy bugles blow.
I feel within my blood old battles flow-
I The blood whose ancient founts in thee are
found
Still surging against the Christian bound
Wld& Warn presses; well Its people know
Thy heights that watch them wandering
below:
I think how Lucknow heard their gathering
ound.
I turn, and meet the cruel, turaaned face.
.England, 'tis sweet to be so much thy son!
I tfce conqueror in my blood and race:
Last night Trafalgar awed me, and today
Gibraltar wakened: hark thy evening gun
" Startles the desert over Afrlcai
Thou are the rock of empire, set mld-aeas
Between the East and West, that God has
built;
Advance thy Itomah borders where thou wilt.
While run thy armies true with his decrees
Law. Justice, liberty great gifts are thcae;
"Watch that they spread where English
blood is spilt.
Lest, mixed and sullied with his country's
ruilt.
The soldier's life-stream flow, and Heaven dis
clease i
Two sworda there are: one naked, apt to smite.
Thy blade of war; and. battle-storied, one
Rejoices in the sheath, and hides from llzht.
American I am; would wars were donet
Now westward, look, my country bids good-
nisht-
Peace to the world from porta without a gun!
CONFESSIONS OF A YELLOW JOURNALIST
All the World's a Fake, sad Mea. and Women Are Merely Faker, la -tie
Axiom Followed by SensatlonalVPrens. ,
(Public Opinion -Is printing a series of ar
ticles from a prominent writer on a widely
circulated newspaper, describing the methods
of the yellow press. The Incidents he gives
are said to be correct in every detail. Follow
ing are extracts from the first installment:)
Two or three years more than 20 have
gone since what Is known today as yellow
journalism was projected. It has passed
through many stages. It has been laughed
at. It has been scoffed at. It has been
regretted, it has been excoriated, it has
been damned.
The scheme which directs this journal
ism was conceived at a psychological mo
ment in the evolution of the great centers
of population in this country, especially
New York, when what are called the pa-
Ders of the old school were no longer able
to mold public opinion. These papers real-
Ized that their force and power were on
the wane, but tradition ruled with them.
They had ideals and they had policies, and
fifv onuM nnt- ht-ine tomsPIWR tn fOIlOW
where they had led so long,
. , ,
Journalisrn saw that he raust take them.
sciVes seriously. Ridicule was the first
weapon with which the older establlsh-
ments In tho newspaper craft attacked
tnen, and the.. Darried it with an assumed
seriousness which, with time and the
growth of the power which circulation has
put in their hands, has become an essen
tial part of their life.
Soon after the first step it was realized
that the news of every day would not
meet the requirements of the new depart
ure, which made It necessary to print
something different from other papers.
The aristocracy of the "ICO" could not be
made to marry and give In marriage to
order, neither could they be made to buy
titles for their daughters nor possess
themselves of line jewels and gowns, nor
even play the different parts in the com
edy of the divorce court. This condition
had to be met. and it was met by the
making of news. That was the dawning
of the day of the fake story.
The cxhaustless harvest of Inaccuracy,
misrepresentation of facts, and the en
largement of the most inconsequential
events into matters of seeming import.
wnicn mam me reports oi news, w suu .
then. The sowers knew their ground; J
masses of the American people exaggera
tion; they understood the temperament
of the ordinary American, whose elastic
perspective Is pleased to apprehend only
that which strikes upon his ear as being
abnormal or remarkable; they grasped his
good-heartedness, his vanity the romance
of him. v
In the beginning the perversion of facta
was not different from what it Is today,
except that mechanical skill and scien
tific genius and a little art have made tho
process a more rapid operation which
permits of greater variations. Typesetting
machines, the typewriter, the telephone,
the Increase in telegraphic and cable fa
cilities, the camera all these have come
to play their part in the scheme, as they
have in every phase of human activity.
but the- principlo of the yellow system Is
unchanged.
All the world's a fake and men and
women merely fakers, Is the paraphrased
axiom which haunts our omces. Looking
out unon the world from this point of
view, we workers in the yellow houses of
the craft become cynical. Our vision Is
distorted or clouded by the shadow of the
business office, which forever keeps re
peating. "Do not offend v a class. Steer
clear of advertisers. Keep your eye on
the circulation." It is then that we real-
pTJTr nnmATirtXT OC DA IF WAVC
o 1 A 1 C UCOtt. 1 1UH ui hhiliihio
Chicago Evening Post.
At a time when a number of enthusi
asts are striving to convert the Amer
ican people to the belief that munici
palities and the State should own and
operate all public utilities: when oven
our own administration has acquired pos
session of an important railway line and
is reported as preparing to compete with
the transcontinental roads as a commer
cial rival on a large scale, and when there
is a strong public sentiment hostile to
the methods heretofore employed by th
private corporations engaged in transpor
tation, the rsports of 'the strike of JW.-
000 railway employes on the railways of
Italy have an interest to our people
greater than that of any other foreign
news of the day.
A large part of the railways of Italy
are owned and operated by the state,
c...,r.o. rii Tiac traveled in Italv has
had experience with the objectionable
features of these state-operated roads.
While no sen-Ice In that couniry ap
proaches In comfort, regularity and speed
the sen-Ice of moat American railway?.
those lines that are under State control
are particularly unsatisfactory. Baggage
-ost or damaged frequently, and there
are many cases of absolute looting of
luggage by railway employes. It Is pos
sible that citizens of Italy may be able
to obtain redress, but a foreigner never.
What would be the use of suing the Gov
ernment? And now trh railway employes have
aken offense at the action of the Govern-
mcnt in introducing and mipportlng
bill In Parliament that will enable tho
railway department to have a reason
able amount of control over the roads
and their workmen. Without going into
the question whether the bill Is necessary
or not.-It is sufficient to note that this
strike has come up on a clearly political
...,ilnn namaK- tho attitude of the GOV-
crnment toward a bill pending before tho
Chamber of Deputies.
I It offers a valuable contribution to tne
discussion concerning the operation of
public utilities by the State or munici
pality, especially in this country, where
the rule of the majority controls the law
making power. The Italian railway strike
shows that wherever the state enters Into
the commercial field the men who are
engaged In doing that class of work are
given a double amount of Influence. As
voters they form a compact alliance that
might be capable of determining the
choice of President: as workmen they
have the power to disorganize the busi
ness of the country" in case their de
mands for 'specially favorable legislation
should be refused.
The people of this country may as well
face the situation that. Is now Impend
ing. A considerable oody of hungry
"outs" are anxious to get in. They failed
eight years ago owing to theories they
promulgated that alarmed the sound
-business sense of the people. They failed
again four years back because they had
learned nothing and had no living reason
for seeking the support of their country
men Last fall they planned a humiliat
ing defeat for their own leader In order
that they might secure control of their
party machinery for the campaign of
1903 and resuscitate some of the dead
crazes of 1895,
Suddenly an accident, a combination of
curely local causes in Chicago, has given
them what they have long sought a new
craze with which to humbug voters and
straightway we find the free silver luna
tics of 1S96 again In the saddle, striving
to. herd the Democratic masses Into the
municipal-operation corral.
. They haven't the candor to call them
selves State Socialists. They do not dare
to c6me out boldly for the full flower of
State Socialism. But every vote or voice
In favor of municipal or State operation
will hasten the day when individual en
terprlse and ambition will be chloro-
f6rmed and put to sleep. That Is the di
rect tendency of the public operation of
public utilities
ize that we are simply part and parcel .of
a commercial Institution, and we think of
a clerk behind a counter, offering the
goods of his employer for sale, and we
say to ourselves, "What difference does it
make? I am not to blame. It's the peo
ple on the outside."
But one cannot afford to drift into this
line of thought often. When one of us
begins to moralize, except in so far as
the needs of a story require, he becomes
useless for yellow newspapers.
There Is something In a yellow news
paper office which we call human Interest.
Philosophers write of it as the scheme of
human emotions, but whatever phrase
one may choose to express the idea, the
one demand of the yellow newspaper bus
iness Is that we shall play upon that scale
and no other. Man and woman, woman
and man and here Is the basis of all
working material. The day provides" the
variations of treatment., and when it fails
to do'so. the process becomes a process of
mechanics.
Here is an instance of the rule of hu
man interest. The return of the Bald
win Antarctic expedition a few months
more than a year ago we told In a stlck-two-Inches
of type, and in the same is
sue we used more than a page to tell the
story of the sordid murder of a factory
girl in a town more than 100 miles distant
from New York.
The law of "making good" is an inex
orable one within the yellow realm. It is
invoked in every phase of the production
of columns not filled with advertising.
It grips the beginner with a force which,
with his enthusiasm, often carries him
beyond bounds, to do things which in
calm moments make him blush to con
template. Yciing men and young women
are sent by city editors on assignments
which the editors themselves know to be
Impossible, but with the Injunction.
"Don't come back without it." meaning
the story, "and pictures."
I remember the Incident of a boy but a
few days In an office, whose eyes did not
see things as they really were, who waj
sent to report a burglary. The yellow
news asset of the crime lay in the fact
that it had been committed in a "'fash
ionable locality." and that a young so
cletv woman, who lived ODPOSlte thf
ohc . hmt!8. hj,,, tn11 ti, nollce that sr.-
tnougnt she 'had seen the burglar. SH
repeated this statement to the cub re
porter, and added that possibly she might
be able to Identify the housebreaker
That boy had bec told when leaving the
office to bring back a picture of the young
woman. She refused to give him one. He
returned to his office with a story which
related graphically how the young wom
an had seen the burglar emerging from
her neighbor's home; how she knew on
the Instant that he must be a burglar:
how she had rushed from her own home
calling for the police: how she hcJ caught
the criminal and grappled with him and
been knocked down, "rendered uncon
scious." and then, to cap this remarkable
tale, its author presented to his city edi
tor the young woman's picture in a leath
er case which belonged on a table in the
front room of her home. She had re
ceived the cub there. There was no reas
oning as to the probability of what the
reporter said.
"That's good work." said the city edi
tor. But I called that-Jad aside and told
him that he was a likely candidate for a
state institution. I accused him of hav
ing stolen the photograph, and asked
him why he had done It.
"I would have been fired if I hadn't."
And that is the snirlt of the game. Get
a thing bv honest means it you can. but
if von can't well, get it anyway- But
get it!
SALARIES OF STATE EMPLOYES
Woodburn Independent.
The statement that the effect of the
threatened referendum upon the general
appropriation la already being felt by
the employes of the state Institutions.
that those desiring to realize upon their
vouchers at the present time must con
sent to a discount of 15 per cent and ac
cept S3 cents on the dollar has or should
have no bearing upon the question in
hand. In fact, it is foreign to the sub
ject. It Is. possibly, an effect, but not
of the substance Men who accepted
positions In the state offices did so In the
full knowledge that the referendum brake
was liable to be applied during their In
cumbency or that a legislative body
would fall to organize. If they are dis
satisfied with the present pecuniary con
ditions attached to their work, they have
the privilege of resigning and seeking
private sen-ice which pays dollar for
j dollar. There Is. doubtless, a sufficient.
f number of capable men who will fill
their places and not growl at the peo
ple seeking to teach a legislative body
a wholesome lesson, save money to the
taxpayers and break up the normal
school ring.
In Prohibition Missouri.
Kansas City .Star.
It is one of the Ironies of circum
stances that bibulous citizens of:' Kan
sas City in rum-soaked Missouri have
to emigrate to Kansas City In prohi
bition Kansas now when they wish to
slake their thirst on the Sabbath day.
The new Police Commissioners in the
larger Kansas City have decided tn
enforce the closing of the saloons on
Sunday, and last Sunday was the first
day that the order went Into effect.
It Is asserted that there was a con
tinuous stream of thirsty people
coming across Into Kansas, and that
the saloons in the lesser Kan?as City
did an extremely flourishing business.
For 20 year the officials of the clty
on the Kansas side have deplored thn
fact that they are unable to enforce
prohibition because of helr proxim
ity to Kansas City. Mo. Only a street
divides them, and it has been- easy for
the thirsty populace of the Kansas
town to step across, into Missouri
and drink to their heart's content.
Now the temperance people of Kan
sas City, Mo., deplore their proximity
to prohibition Kansas, because It
keeps them from having an absolutely
"dry" Sabbath.
Governor Folk's new Police Board
Is said to have absolutely closed the
saloons on the Missouri side last Sun
day, despite the fact that the Mayor
did .not give the movement his hearty
approval. If this can be accom
plished on the Missouri side, would it
not be possible for the officials on the
Kansas side In a much smaller city
to enforce prohibition to a degree at
least, if they were so disposed?
Setting Him Right.
Catholic Standard.
"J don't know whether you've no
ticed It." said Bragg; "I don't know
why It should be. but I can't, help re
marking how much the girls always
make of me."
"How careles you are becoming in
your speech." said Knox; "you left a
word out of that sentence."
"Eh? What's that?"
"The word 'fun' after 'much. "
Unsupported Statement.
Kansas City Journal.
"I did not make this world," says
Franklin MacVeagh. Does Mr. Mac
Veagh really expect the country to
reverse its opinion on a mere unsup
ported statement like that?
A Correction.
Brooklyn Eagle.
No. gentle reader. Mr. Roosevelt is
not the author Of "Wild Animals I
Have Refused to Meet." The rial
composer of that volume is the in
ventor of a popular insect powder.