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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 13, 1905)
6 THE MOBNIifG QEEGONIAK, FEBRUARY 13, 1905. Entered, at the Fostofflce at Portland. Or, &s second-class matter. SUBSCKITXION' KATES. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. (By Mall or Express.) Dally and Sunday, per year Dally and Sunday, six months 5-00 Dally and Sunday, three months. 2.55 Dally and Sunday, per month .85 Dally -without Sunday, per year 7.o0 Daily without Sunday, fix months 3.00 Dally -without Sunday, three months...- Dally -without Sunday, per month -65 Sunday, per year - - JJJJ Sun4ay, elx months Sunday, three months. 60 BT CARRIER. Dally without Sunday, per -week. Dally per week. Sunday Included - THE "WEEKLY OREGONIAN. (Issued Every Thursday.) "Weekly, per year "Weekly, six months . "Weekly, three months - HOW TO KEiOT Send postolflee money order,, express order of personal check on 4 our local bank. Stamps, coin or currency arc at the sender's risk. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The S. a Beckvrith Special Acrocy -New-York: Rooms 45-50. Tribune building. Chi cago: Rooms 510512 Tribune building. The Oregonian does not buy poems or toxics from Individuals and cannot under take to return any manuscript sent to It Uthout solicitation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose- KEPT ON SALK. Chicago Auditorium Annex; Poitotfic News Co., 178 Dearborn street. DenverJulius Black. Hamilton & Kend rick. 00G-912 Seventeenth street, and Frue nnff Bros., 605 Sixteenth street. Kansas City. Mo Rlcksecker Clear Co.. Ninth and "Walnut. Ixik Angeles -Harry Drapkln. Oakland. CaL -W. H. Johnston. "Four teenth and Franklin streets. Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh. 50 South Third: L. Rcgelsburger. 217 First avenue South. New- Xork City L. Jones & Co., Astor House. Ogden F. R. Godard and Myers & Har rop. . Omaha) Barkalow Bros., 1615 , Farnbam; Magcath Stationery Co., 1308 Farnam. Salt IiOke Salt Lake News Co.. 77 West Second street South. San Francisco J. K. Cooper fc Co.. 740 Market "treet: Foster & Crear, Ferry 'News Stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter; t. E. Lee. Palace Hotel News Stand; F. "W. Pitts. 1008 Market; Frank Scott, 80 Ellis: N. "YVbeatlcy. 83 Stevenson: Hotel St. Francis News Stand. "Washington, D. C Ebblt House News Stand. PORTLAND, MONDAY. FEB. 13, 1005. CHURCH AND STATE IN FRANCE. Separation of church ana state in France, a connection -which has ex isted from the time of Clovis that is, for 1400 years seems now to be de creed. Within this long period rela tions of church and state .have, of course, undergone many changes, but except in the period of the Revolu tion, when the church, under the fury of the people, was wholly eliminated the church and the state have had close relations -with each other; and down to a period of about three cen turies ago, the church was wholly the superior power. The fury of the Rev olution aimed at the total destruction of Christianity, and the total destruc tion of the church, its organic ex pression. But Napoleon, on his acces sion to power, saw with the eye of genius that the church, revived and restored on a modified basis, might be made a powerful auxiliary of His plans and of his system. In the height of his power bis mind reverted to the time of Constantino and to the time of Charlemagne, when the state convoked the assemblies of the church and had large direction of ecclesiastical policy. Napoleon, proposed to revive and to re-establish the prostrate church, but to make it subordinate. largely, to his political system. This he did, and the relations of church and state in France have subsisted for more than one hundred years on the -basis of his concordat. Now the prop osition is to separate church and state entirely- A concordat is an agree ment by which church and state are to live on terms of agreement -with each other the limits of authority and action in each being defined as closely as possible. Such agreements are among the landmarks of old history. The most notable one of all times was the concordat of 1801 between Napoleon- and Plus VII, by which the Christian religion, which had been formally abolished by the Revolutionary lead ers, was re-established in France. The literature of this subject is im mense. Not even an outline can be attempted here. It is enough to say that the church in France was obliged to abandon its ancient pretensions, which, indeed, it "was glad to do for it "was in extremity on any conditions that would give it any sort of chance to live. Napoleon, therefore, took the church under the wing of Tils power. He .en tered Into a concordat with the Pope, whereby .the Consul soon to become Emperor nominated and' the "Pope ap pointed the bishops, who were all re quired to .swear allegiance to the Re public Friction arose out of this scheme; but Napoleon, in his charac teristic -way, took the proceedings in his own hands, held the Pope virtually as a prisoner, and enforced his purpose -which made, priests, bishops and car dinals both officials of the government and officers of the church. Support of the church, to an extent, defined as clearly as possible, was guaranteed by the state. 'Without much modlflca tion, this has continued to the pres ent day, amid all shifts and changes of government in France, though there has been friction at all times. It is probable now that the system established by the Napoleonic concor dat will at last be abolished. The draft of the new bill, now pending, for separation of church and state In France, embodies these essentials, to- wit: First, abolition of the concordat whereby the relations of the church nnd state were established; second, ter mination of all government aid and subsidies to religious sects or function aries: third, formation of church asso . rnatlons into civil corporations amen able to the same laws as other organ! zations Adoption of this scheme will put France in line with other nations whose polity is based on principles of civil and religious freedom, which can not exist in perfection so long as church and state have official relations with each other, and, therefore, are inter dependent. Napoleon said at St. Hel ena that one of the great mistakes of his life was that of entering the gov ernment into agreement with the church. Having mastered the Revo lution and quelled its fury, he should have left religion free simply allow ing the church opportunity to restore itself. The agitation for separation now t comes from a double .source first, the state complains of the interference of ecclesiastics Jn affairs: second, the church is restive under the frequent checks it receives from the political state. On its side, the church could not avoid the Inclination to become a political propaganda; on the other. the state was restive under ecclesias tical intrigue and interference Sep aration of church and state In France will mark a new era In the life and history of that great country, to which the world owes so much for lessons in science, art and freedom. 1 SMITH'S RAILROAD BILL. The Oregonian, never has favored state railway commissions. One reason is that the men who compose them cannot be expected to have the neces sary knowledge.' Another reason is that they force the railways Into poll tics for protection of their Interests; and then politicians make terms with the railways, .and the- railways with them. Direct legislation on rates is better than a rate-making commission for a state. A. bill is now before the Legislature of Oregon, to create a Railroad Com mission. .The bill is to be considered today. It Is one of those drastic meas ures -which, under cover of the plea that the people ought to be protected, are really Intended to oppress the rail roads. This bill authorises the Com mission to make all rates, and he rates it may make can be changed only by suit before the Commission. It is just such a bill as that offered In the Legislature of Washington at the beginning of the session, but which has been modified through the discussion to which It has been sub jected, on the ground that the railroads, so important a part of the life of a state, have the right to live. Power Is to be given to the Com mission by this bill to make all rail way rates In Oregon. This power Is to be placed in the hands of three men. who may have no knowledge whatever of railroad business. It would mean virtual deprivation of the railroads of the right of control over their traffic, departments a very dif ferent tiling from a condition under which the traffic departments would fix rates, subject to control of a com mission. There are no conditions in Oregon which require such drastic regulation and. control. Modification of rate sheets by the railroads of the state, to meet local and special demands. Is In constant progress. Since August last one of the leading roads has issued no less than eighteen supplements, modifying rates for every rond -wants to make such terms, as will make most business in Its territory. But it Is not fair to place the traffic of the railroads of the state in the hands of three men who may know, nothing about the serv ice. Conditions vary, moreover; so that a proper rate in one part of the state may not be a proper rate in another. The arteries of circulation in a mod ern state are Its railroads. No com mission with the powers of strangula tion which this bill would confer ought to be established in a state which still looks to Its development through rail road activity. MISS BARTON HAS BEEN RETIRED. The National Red Cross Society is at last to be reorganized with Miss Clara Barton left out. The -elimination of Miss Barton from the control of this great organization is not a measure as harsh as it seems. Miss Barton Is no longer young, is feeble in body and frail in health. An efficient factor in the work of the society for many years, she is no longer able, for these reasons, not one of which reflects discredit upon her, to manage the business affairs of a great organization. She has reached the limit of usefulness, the common limit fixed by Nature, and must give place to a more active, far-sighted and energetic leader. This condition or fact In common life is a matter , of sympathy and regret chiefly when- a futile plea Is put up against a universal decree, and the man or -woman, outdated by time, re fuses to recognize the fact. Miss Bar ton Is said to be a broken-hearted woman, chafing in her age against what she conceives to be the ingrati tude of those who insisted upon her retirement from the presidency of the Red Cross Society. This, If true, is lamentable, inasmuch as she earned through the endeavor of her effective years, a peaceful and happy old age. Into this heritage she might have glid ed easily and graciously, had she not revolted against the decree of Nature, which is inexorable in. the limit that it places upon human activity. The happy and honored old person is he or she who without repining or comment of any kind glides serenely into the place ordered" by Nature, past the indeterminate boundary that di vides middle life from old age, finding easily, and keeping without strife of will, the place assigned to all who sur vive the heat and burden of the day. It is a pleasure to think of Clara Bar ton In the full force of her endeavor directing the full hand that came to the relief of the suffering and the dis tressed. It would be a pleasure to think of her, gentle, frail, worn with the strife of the long day, sitting rest- fully and happily In life's evening shadows. And Jt can scarcely be less than painful to think of her as resent ful and unhappy because the limit of her long day of usefulness Is ended. POLICl' IS WRONG. The Legislature should consider well its action before It passes a bill grant ing to purchasers of 6tate land Interest upon the money paid by them to the state. Though the particular case pre sented may seem meritorious, a prece dent may be established which will cost the state thousands of dollars, every dollar coming out of the fund which should be paid to the common schools of the state. The House committee on claims has under consideration a bill by Senator Haines for the relief of Lewis Verhaag, who purchased land from the state fourteen years ago, but now finds that he has no title, for the reason that the land has Tiot been sur vexed, and is not likely to be soon. He not only asks that his money be re turned, but wants interest and repay ment of money paid by him to Dquglas County as taxes on the land. The State Land Board has offered to pay back the money received from Ver haag, but refuses to pay interest there on. When the bill -was discussed in the Senate, it was argued that the same standard of business honor should be required of the state as of men, and chiefly upon that argument the bill passed the upper branch of the Legls a Lure. Let it be granted that this rule should prevail, and it still does not ap pear that the state should pay interest upon money paid y purchasers where the title falls. The state does not give warranty deeds, but rather a conveyance in the nature of a quitclaim. The state does not .undertake to warrant title to lands it sells. In this respect it pursues the same policy as the Federal Govern ment, leaving the applicant for land to Investigate the title and purchase upon his own judgment- The Government pays back neither principal nor inter est where Its titles fall. Neither does an individual who sells land by quit claim deed. The purchaser by such a conveyance takes at his own risk, and neither the Individual, the state, nor the Government should be held liable for repayment of the money. The state. however, has been generous, and has paid back the purchase price, and, in too many instances, has also paid in terest. In this manner, speculators have been encouraged to buy state land In violation of law. knowing that, even if the title fails, they will be repaid their money, perhaps with interest, thereby rewarding them for their Illegal practices. It Is altogether probable that the beneficiary of Haines' bill was Ignorant of public land affairs and assumed that his title would be good, if he had a deed from the state. Scores of thou sands of homesteaders, miners, timber land buyers and other purchasers of Government lands have acted upon a similar assumption, only to find that a patent from the United States Is not always good. The state cannot "and should not undertake to reimburse every man who acts In business affairs without knowledge which should be common to all men by this time. If the state pays back the purchase price, that is more than should be expected of it. hut to ask that interest also should be paid is -wrong. WATER TRANSPORTATION CHEAPEST. From the earliest days of maritime commerce, deep-water shipping In search of cargoes has always endeav ored to reach the nearest point where such cargoes originate. Water trans portation per ton per mile costs less In big ocean carriers than any other known method for moving freight.' For this reason in all parts Qf the world, we find large ocean steamships going in some cases hundreds of miles inland to reach large dlstributlng'ports, where, to use an old expression, "rail and sail meet-" A recent illustration of the growth of ports of this nature Is shown in Hamburg. That port, situated on a small, narrow stream, more than sev enty miles from the sea. has built up an enormous sea trade within less than thirty years, and today stands second only to London in point of harbor facil ities. . Short-sighted statesmen. arguing .against river, and harbor appropria tions, can learn something to their ad vantage by a. perusal of some figures recently complied by Jerome Hart, of the San Francisco Argonaut, who spent many months examining the seaports of the Old World. Mr. Hart has dis covered that, while Hamburg, an in land seaport, in 1870 had but 240,000 in habitants, Baltimore, situated on an arm of the sea, had a population of 267,834, and Boston, another seaport right at tide water, 240,000 population. Thirty years later, the inland seaport had a population of 705.73S, compared with census returns of 508,957 for Bal timore, and 560,892 for Boston. Over this shallow, sluggish river Elbe, which carries seaward a much smaller volume of water than that which rolls out of the Columbia, there were handled last year 14,000 vessels of 9,000,000 tons reg ister. . Their .inward cargoes, some of which contained Oregon and Washing ton products, amounted in value to 950,000,000 marks, while the value of exports was 825,000,000 marks. Small -wonder is it that, .after viewing this colossal sea trade at an inland port, Mr. Hart- wrote as follows: The more I aee oX the -waterways of Europe, the. more I am amazed at the neglect of our own. On the Clyde at Glasgow are launched some of the greatest ships that mil the seas, yet the Clyde once was nothing but a muddy estuary. It has been dredged deep enough to permit of deep-sea -vessels floating there, but even now it is so narrow they are forced to launch big ships broadside on. Think of these little creeks and sloughs here bearing millions of tons yearly, and then remember that our two fine rivers, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, roll almost uselessly to the sea. These strange contrasts make a Callfornlan wonder what California may do after this present gen erationand perhaps one or two others have been Gathered to their fathers. The trade possibilities which await the improvement of the California streams are small Indeed in comparison with those which will follow when the mighty Columbia River receives- the at tention to which It Is entitled. At only a small fraction of the cost of the im provements on the river Elbe, the Co lumbia River could be provided with a channel of sufficient depth to admit of the easy passage of much larger ships than can ever reach Hamburg. A moderate expenditure would also open to water navigation an Immense mileage of Internal waterways "which would bring to deep water a vast 'com merce at a much smaller freight rate than "would ever prove profitable to rail lines. This country has much to learn In the way of river and harbor improvement, and when our statesmen become more familiar with the merits or advantages of water transportation, Portland will begin showing a growth in keeping with that whloh has made Hamburg the" wonder of the maritime .world. The Agricultural Department,, which has been imposed on by some of the subsidized fakers who "make" wheat statistics for foreign ship brokers, says that the wheat crop of Oregon, Wash ington and Idaho for 1904 was in ex cess of 53,000.000 bushels." As the total shipments for the season (flour includ ed), by rail and water, to all points, have not exceeded "23,000,000 bushels, and seed and home consumption re quirements until July 1 will not exceed 11,000,000 bushels, the Government still has a matter of 19,000,000 bushels to come forward. The learned statisti cians who are responsible for such fig ures will confer a great favor on mill ers, wheat-huyers and railroads if they will kindly disclose the present where abouts of the missing 190 shiploads, or 19,000 carloads, of wheat. A -bill is before the Legislature, in troduced by Huntley of Clackamas, to put a check upon the common abuse of manufacturing, affidavits as to qual ification of electors, In lieu of regis tration. It proposes to require the ap pearance of the six freeholders at the polls, before the judges of election, for attestation of the qualifications of the unregistered voter, Instead of allowing persons to vote on -certificates manu factured anywhere, for the purpose. This bill ought to be put through. It would not require all six persons to be present at once or together, but would require - them to appear before the judges, to make and sign the necessary affidavits. The business of manufac turing "affidavits for all comers has been carried at times to a scandalous extreme. Men -have often certified for others whom they' did not know, and personsj other than those designated could easily vote, and, It ' is believed, often have done so, on such certifica tion. The Huntley bill Is a bill against a dishonest pracflce in elections, and it ought to pass. Mr. MacMahan. who attacks the man agement of the Penitentiary at Salem, proves that a lot of officials and. their families are living' in luxury at ex pense of the state. Their apartments are furnished gorgeously at state ex pense, their tables arc loaded at ex pense of the state with luxuries to them hitherto, unknown, which they could not provide for themselves at their own expense, and which they -will have to do without as soon as they get out .of official place. Governor Chamberlain seems to think this is all right. Perhaps it is and then per haps it. is-not. One question is. Why should MacMahan worry? Nobody else seems to, Even the Legislature ap pears to be Indifferent. There Is steady growth of the great sac of pus that marks the increase of the imposthumes of the state. After thirteen months, presumably devoted to investigation, the Cook County (Illinois) courts have appar ently decided that no one was to blame for the Iroquois Theater horror, which cost the lives of more than 600 people. The indictments, which were found against the principal offenders whose culpable negligence was responsible for the awful disaster, have all bean quashed. If some of these men who have escaped the law have hearts' softer than stone, they are undoubtedly suf fering a punishment tinder an indict ment that no law on earth can quash. As an example to others whose greed of gain might produce another such charnel house. It would seem that some legal punishment should be meted out to the offenders, but Chicago is Chi cago. Much light is thrown upon condi tions in Santo Domingo by Judge Ab bott, the American financial agent who has been stationed at Puerto Plata. He explains the opposition offered to Lieutenant-Commander Lei per at Monte Cristi by showing that the place is inhabited by so many revolutionaries that what passes as Dominican gov ernment has no control over affairs in the port. "We call Monte Cristo 'the Independent Republic' in Santo Do mingo," says Judge Abbott. With the exception of Hayti, Santo Domingo is probably the greatest caricature of a republic in the world, and the sooner the pax Americana is established there, the better it will be for the natives and for all who have dealings with them. .With the possible exception of Joseph Jefferson, no actor on the American stage is so universally loved and re vered as J; H. Stoddart. He is now 81 years old. He is yet in reasonably vigorous health, but he is now mak ing his last tour, and his present en gagement in Portland will be the last. Mr. Stoddart seems' to have struck the highest note of achievement during his long career in the stern and unyielding yet admirable character of Lachlan Campbell, in 'The Bonnie Brier Bush." It is a clean, beautiful and touching play. It is a pity there "are not more like it, but, since thereare. not, "The Bonnie Brier Bush" ought 'to be seen as often as possible. The United States Steel Corporation will divide a cash bonus of $1,000,000 among 5000 of Its employes.; The money will be distributed on a pro rata basis according, to the size of the salaries. The American public will be gratified to learn that someone besides the stockholders of this trust will share in the enormous profits. It is difficult to forget, however, that the 51,000,000 dis tributed among these employes is a mere bagatelle compared with the amount that Is annually given the for eign steel-buyer In the way of lower prices than will be quoted In protected America. There are men who have resources in indurated sensibility, and there are men who find resources in stubborn audacity of denial. And a great crim inal. In fiction, who found one and an other and all quitting him, still .was .actuated by a fierce and obdurate courage. For it was his last resource. So he exclaimed: ' Let them fly all; The mind I sway by and the heart I bear Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. The bearing of which observation as of many more, lies In the application of it. Russiau experts estimate the num bers of Kuropatkin's army to exceed by 50,000 Oyama's forces, giving the Russian commander 410,000 men and the Japanese 36O,OQ0 These figures, although merely estimates, are prob ably close to the mark, and show the vast scale on which operations are be ing conducted at a point thousands of miles from the Russian seat of govern ment and hundreds of miles from the Japanese capital. Descriptions of the prison in which the Russian author, Maxim Gorky, is confined sound like the advertisement of a modern hotel,, with the exception that "cell" Is substituted for "room." Of course, the commandant of the fort ress maybe carried away by enthusiasm when he describes the comforts of home life in Fort St, Peter and St. Paul, hut, as Gorky cannot communicate with the outside world, the word of General Ellis must be taken. The woman who comes whimpering Into court for a divorce from a second husband on the ground that she mar ried him too soon after the divorce from her first, Is entitled to no sym pathy, though her act has branded her for what she Is. It seems necessary to grant, her the legal redress she asks for, even though the proceeding Is In a sense a farce. Marrying on probation is not divested of indecency by a de cree of the court. "I do plainly and Ingenuously con fess that I am guilty of corruption. and do renounce all defense. I beseech Your Lordships to be merciful to a broken reed." Francis Bacon, to the House of Lords. It will now be everywhere agreed that United States District Attorney Heney and Secret Service Agent Burns know their business, and attend to it A great author wrote: "Corruption wins not more than honesty." -The universal reader knows who-wrote' it, and what it means. SHORT STORIESJOF REAL LIFE. Or urtis particular topic a great and lasting silence has come 'over W. Is his bull terrier. Tncro was a time, not so vcrv lonc ago, when Mr. Mcars thought his par ticular terrier was the most perfect specimen of canine in existence. He may think so yet. You can hover tell what one is thinking when he is silent. The terrier had taken a number of prizes at dog shows. It had also taken various and sundry vagrants by the oosora ot tne trousers and usnereJ them from Mr. Mcars premises. For alertness- the dog seemed absolutely without parallel. This, fact was appreciated by, Mr. Mears, who had the terrier sleep on the foot of his bed to watch for un scrupulous prowlers who might chance into the house in search of plunder. One night, recently, a prowler came. He got in through a window. Cautious ly he stepped through the dark hall ways and rooms, ransacking bureaus, nooks and crannies. Finally ho came to Mr. Mears' sleeping-room. Little thought he of the danger, of the alert and ferocious terrier guarding its mas ter and ready to sink its fangs In any one who might seek to trespass upon the sacred domain. Cautiously the- bur glar crept into the room and flashed his dark lantern about In the darkness until he located a pair of ample trou sers on the foot of the bed. The fellow took the trousers and, not wishing to disturb the sleeping dog, which looked so deliciously comfortable on Its mas ter's feet, went into a nearby bathroom and extracted hlr. Mears coin there from. After which the Intruder left the place by the way he had entered. Thus Mr. Mears lost his confidence in his dog, and his pocketbook. at one fell swoop. And while he, still thinks it is a pretty tolerable sort of a pup he Is not in the least averse to nailing down the windows, bolting the doors, and taking other precautions against bur glars. SERGEANT SLOVER. of the .Police Department, has learned something new about human nature. The lesson came in the most uncomfortable and most forcible way Imaginable, and it has caused the Sergeant and other members of the Police Department to determine on considerable more discrimination in the arrest of vagrants. Three evenings ago, the one we all remember as the coldest of the season, the Sergeant with one or two officers, went 'in search of vagrants. Now these derelicts are not so easily caught even when the thermometer is lingering well down toward the zero mark; for there Is something about going to jail that does not seem to appeal to anyone. Therefore the officers disguised them selves In old clothes to look like tramps, and sallied forth, acting on the principle that It takes a thief to catch a thief. " . It w;as the plan of the officers to find which of the saloon and street loung-' crs were without means and arrest them in order that they might be re moved from the temptation to commit robbery. For' when a man gets cold and hungry and is playing a losing hand In the game of life he sometimes be comes desperate, even if his previous moral standing has been good and thus many of the robberies we read about over the morning meal. Shortly before midnight the officers saw a disconsolate person standing at the" corner of Second and Burnslde streets. He had no overcoat on and the wintry blasts had doubled him into a linot. When Sergeant Slover approached, the fellow was engaged In looking up and down the streets at the signs as If in search of some place. The policeman put on his most sloven ly air and slouched up. He was sure he had a victim. "I say, pard." began the disguised officer, "you couldn't give a fellow something If he was hungry, could you?" The disheveled, overcoatless, half starved person on the corner eyed the shamming policeman for halt a minute. "Say, mister, are you really very hun gry?" he asked .between -his chatter ing teeth. 'Yes, I could eat pretty near any thing."' said the officer, who was ready to place the fellow under arrest as a vagrant, as soon as he said he had nothing. "And you haven't got a single cent to buy nothin' with." went on the sus pect. "Not a cent, pard." answered, the dis guised officer. The vagrant, with a pitiful effort of his benumbed hands began feeling around in the pockets of a pair of thin trousers three sizes too large for him. In a moment he brought out a coin and1 held It towards Slover. "I only got 15 cents, pard," he said, "but here is a nickel of it. I'm going to get a bed with the other dime and was intcndln" to use the other for my break fast in the morning, but you're welcome to it" Two policemen who were waiting in the background were somewhat puzzled to see tholr Sergeant walk away with a disreputable-looking person and disappear into a restaurant. They were even more surprised when they looked through the window of the restaurant a few minutes later to see the Sergeant and the stranger laughing and talking together over a big meal. Their surprise grew still more when the couple came out of the res taurant later and the officers were or dered back to their beats for ordinary duty. And now, after an elapse of three days, the freezing man, who was will ing to give up one-third of-his capital to another whom he thought in need, has been- rewarded with a good job in the street department, and a new suit of clothes, while the Sergeant in ques tion has a new confidence in human nature. Point of View., Lippincott's. Senator Penrose says that a friend of his residing in Wilkesbarre recently, en gaged as nurse a Scotch girl just come to this country. It appears that one Sunday the lady In duced the nurse, who is the strictest sort of Presbyterian, to attend a beautiful church just erected In Wilkesbarre. When the girl returned her mistress asked her If she had not-found 'the church a fine one. . "Yes, Ma'am." responded the girl.. "It ,ls very beautiful." "And the singing." said the lady, "wasn't that lovely?" "Oh, yes," replied .the murse. "It was very lovely, Ma'anv.but don't you think it's", an, awful way "to spend the Sabbath V GREAT ACTORS AND ACTRESSES MOLIERE fiy Arrangement with tho Chicago Tribune. THE CAREERS of Shakespeare and i Mollcre, the two greatest playwrights I that ever lived, prcspnt certain features j of resemblance. Both were actors and I managers, as wctt as dramatists, und pre- j sented their own plays. Shakespeare sur- j passes MoIIere In tragedy, as he does all other writers. But the Frenchman equals, 1 If he does not excel, the Englishman in the field of comedy. - Mollere has a further claim to funre that Shakespeare has not. Shakespeare was but an indifferent actor. Mpllero was, perhaps, the greatest comedian that ever graced the French stage. His comedies have never been so well played as by their author. No doubt the transcendant qual-. lties of the dramas of Shakespeare and Moliere are largely due to the fact that they were written by experienced actors, and were- primarily Intended, not to be read, but to be acted. j Moilere's father, whose name, by the way, was not Moliere. but Poquolin. was a well-to-do tradesman in Paris, and also held a small office at the French court. He wanted his son to be a lawyer, and Jean Baptiste studied for that profession. But the passion for the stage was strong within him. and when 21 years old he joined a company of actors who called themselves "L'lllustre Theatre." A ten nis court In Paris was their first theater. The Duke of Guise presented them his castoff clothes. But the castoff clothes of even a duke did not suffice to draw crowds. Empty benches and clamorous creditors drove "L'lllustre Theatre." of which Moliere was now manager, to take refuge in the provinces. A dozen strolling companies of players were then touring the rural districts of France. Scarron and Perrault have given amusing pictures of their adventures and misadventures, successes and failures. Sometimes, when these humble followers of Roscius were "flush," they traveled in rumbling coaches. Oftener they rode in lumbering carts. Not infrequently, after a season of bad luck, they tramped In the mud behind the heavy, clumsy vehicles on which their scanty wardrobes and crude properties were dragged along. Arriving at the town where they intended to play, they rented a tennis court and improvised a theater with their own experienced and expert hands. The provincial theater of that day in France was a quite different place from the theater of our time. Tap estries were hung around the stage, and entrances and exits were made by pulling aside the heavy curtains, which ' often knocked off the comedian's hat or tripped up the heels of the leading woman and sent her sprawling. The lights were cau dles stuck In tin candlesticks around tho stage. The performance began at 3 o'clock in tho afternoon. Moliere led the happy-go-lucky life of- a strolling player for 15 years. He was seen in almost every large town in France. Like other strollers, he not infrequently was stoned and egged by disgusted audi ences, and often had no money In his pocket - But his art grew apace. In 1C33 he brought out at Lyons "L'Etourdi." the first play of his own writing he presented. Ills "Le Deplt Amoureux" followed in 1656. Emboldened by success and growing fame. Moliere, two years later, returned to Paris, and in 1559 gave in his own the ater there his latest play, "Les Precleuses Ridicules." This play marked a. new era in the French drama. Moliere in it broke with imitation of Italian and Spanish plays, and took off to the life the affected and vulgar In the manners of the French higher classes of his own time. It was an instant success. "Bravo! Moliere," brawled an old man in the pit; "this Is real comedy." The powerful persons ridi culed took umbrage. One great lord rubbed the skin from tho actor's face ODD BITS OF NORTHWEST LIFE. But Why Not Ask the Goat7 Paisley Corr. Lakevlew Herald. E. P. .Mathews and Jim Wakefield, two gentlemen, who had some experience with a "goat'-' last Saturday evening, absolute ly refuse to tell just where the goat struck them. Somethin' Coin'. Monument Enterprise. This morning the sweet slumber of our peaceful and quiet town was aroused by bang, bang, bang, like the report of fire arms, about S o'clock, indicating that a shooting affray was taking place In some part of town. Oases in a Prohibition Desert. Tillamook Independent. If our prohibition friends could have ex amined all the packages that came In on the Elmore Thursday, their contents would have been a revelation to them, a great many of them bearing the address of well-known prohibitionists. Mayor Kingsley's Tired Feeling. Lakevicw Herald. The Herald's devil and fighting editor, Major Kingsloy, grew tired of work after holding down a case for three weeks, and accordingly failed to make his appearance at the office Monday morning. The warm weather attracted our devil, and kind words, chewing tobacco and oigarettes could not keep him at work. Hard Luck. ' Hay Creek Corr. Madras Pioneer. Charlie Parrlsh's wonderful four-horae sleigh looks rather lonesome sitting out there In the mud. Charlie Is pining be cause the snow has gone off. Never mind, old boy, if the old sign don't fall, we'll havo some more snow before long, and then you can slcighridc; perhaps take an other trip to Haystack. Let Us Vindicate." Oregon State Journal (Eugene). 'In order to be consistent but that is no longer considered a virtue anions politicians the Legislature should indorse Hermann, Mays. TSrownell. Meldrum and a number ot others tv ho have been indicted1. And to be fair and Impartial, some of "the best men in Oregon" McKlnley, Puter and others who have already been convicted 6n the same or similar charges, all srowlng out of the same buslnes, should not be slighted. These convictions are no itaa objectionable than indictments. They give Ore gon a. "bad name," and should be vigorously denounced ,by the Legislature. "What is a Lelgalature and a state government, maintained at considerable, expense and some bother to ejectors, zood for If they will not protect their own citizens against "centralization" and interference from outside "powers. If the states and the Legislatures have no longer any "re served rights," and If "carpetbaggers' can come in and run things, high-handed and red eyed, then why not "go away back and sit down" among our "colonies," along with the "Filipinos, and try "taxation without represen tation" or any other old thing. These- be troublesome days, and there does no: oeem to "be much proflt or encouragement in being good any longer. Expositions anfl Toothpicks. Philadelphia Record. The success or failure of the forth coming' Lewis and Clark and James town Expositions will hinge upon the activity or negligence of their respec tive publicity departments.. To focus the attention of a Nation" and hold it Is a gigantic task, without newspaper co-operation it would be impossible. With newspaper aid success is certain, whether the enterprise be "the promotion of a Na tional .-exposition or the sale of wooden toothpicks. ' - , with his coat buttons. But Louis XIV, with whom Mollere rapidly beearae a, fa vorite, protected him. had him play at court, appointed him to the office his father had formerly hold, and gave all hiv players sinecures as servants in tho royal household. Moliere seems to have lived on tci-ms almost . of Intimacy with tr King. Th huntsman was not among th persons rldiculod when "Facheux" w.. first played at court. 'There's ono you -forgotten," fold Louis. Twenty-four hours latur. when' the piece was given again, there was a boor of a huntsman In It. who is to this day one of the most ludicrous, of stage characters. Moliere's acting was as much admired by populace as by Prince. When he ossaved tragedv, however, it was liked by neither. , The reasons for Moliere's popularity as a playwright are sufficiently evinced by his plays. lie attacks all the follits and vices of the ago avarice, prodigal ity, coquetry, would-be gentility, van ity, hypocrisy, misanthropy, affectation pedantry, arrogance, jealousy, rogucrj and all with sparkling wit. scathing satire and honest indignation, yet al ways without exaggeration and with great good sense. "The Misanthrope,' "Tartuffe," and "The Learned Ladies ("Les Femmcs Savantes") are among the greatest literary productions of any age. Moliere had a, bad stage voice, a dis agreeable cough, and harsh inflections, but "he was. nevertheless." says Mile. Poisson, who saw, him. "a comedian from head to foot; ho seemed- to havo several voices, everything about him spoke, and by a caper, by a smilo. by a wink of the eye and a shake of the head, he conveyed more than tl o greatest -speaker could have done by talking an hour." His failure as a tra gedian seems to have boen mainly be cause he persisted in speaking and act ing naturally, whereas tho public de mand of the time was for turgid, bawling tragedians who tore a passion to tatters. Moliere was much envied by other Parisian actors and managers, and was the object of their incessant lampoons and libels. They even asserted that his wife, Armande Hervcwas his own daughter by his former mistress, Made leine Herve. As a mattor of fact the women were sisters. He was also con stantly persecuted by powerful nobles and hypocritical churchmen, who had felt tha sting of his satire. His friends, who include all the great writers and philosophers ot France, urged him to quit the stage. "It is a point of honor that prevents me," Moliere told Boi leau. meaning he could not bear to de prive the members of his company of employment "What!" exclaimed Boi leau, "to smear your face,, with a mus tache as Sganarelle, and coma on the stage to be whipped with a stick? That is a pretty point of honor for a philosopher like you!" But Moliere con tinued In spite of his friends' pleas, III health, increasing age, and the at tacks "of his enemies to play on. The night of February 17, 1673, he gave the third performance of "Lc Molade Imaginaire," a satire on physicians. He had been feeling badly, and near tho end of the performance he fell In a fit on the stage. Ho was carried to his room and his wife was called, but be fore she reached his side the great comedian was dead. Tho animosity of the clergy towards him denied him a Christian burial. A hundred years later the academy, which had shut Its doors against him because of his profession, raised him a bust beneath which was engraved: "His glory lacks naught; ours did lack him." S. O. D. JOHN PAUL JONES. -' The Oregonian has received the -following note, dated Portland, February 12: Having read the article In Tho Oregonian relating to tho supposed discovery o the burial place of John Paul Jones, 1 wish to stato that I have many times seen his grave, which Is in the old churchyard of KIrkbeau. in Kirkcudbrightshire. Scotland, two miles from Arblgland, his birthplace. His grave stone is built into the old stone wall -which encloses the churchyard. This old grave yard is many centuries old, and is tho-only burying place for many miles around. I was born about 400 feet from It and lived there till I was 10 or eleven years of age, and John Paul Jones crave and gravestone were familiar sights to me, as waa also the nousa where he was horn. It was called John Padl Jones cottage, or oftener Paul Jones' cottage. It was a small house, built o stone, as were all the houses there, and I have been In it many times. Arblgland Is on the shore of tho Solway Frith, and is about 14 miles from the city of Humfrles. By writing to the minister of the parish church of KIrkbeau, I suppose, the record of his burial could be found, and also the exact Inscription on the grave stone and other particulars. It is certain that John Paul Jones was born at Arblgland, Scotland, and equally" certain that he died in Paris. Certain also it is that his namo was John Paul that of Jones having been assumed In after life. Since, also. It 13 certain that he died in Paris (July IS, 1792), In" poverty and neglect, thoro Is no probability that his remains were taken to his native place for burial. What is called his grave atone, "built into the old stone wall which incloses the churchyard at KIrkbeau" is doubtless only a memorial, marking no tomb merely a centaph. AH accounts show that he was actually Interred at Paris. The place is still pointed out though possibly not with certainty. WHY JAPS FIGHT TO THti DEATH In accounting for the determination of the Japanese as a nation' of fighterr, it is interesting to note the reference of Laf cadlo Heani in hip "Gleanings in Buddha Fields." Referring to the rarity of quar rels among Japanese in their native, land, he says: "Anywhere, as a general rule. Japanese fight only to kill; and when .i sober man goes so far as to strike a blow he virtually rejects communal pro tection and takes his life into his own hands with every probability of losing it." That the Japanese refrain from quar reling among themselves is due not so much to existence of laws against it as to tho prevailing customs of the land. wnicn preserve peace aim compel jiumuii help and kindness. "Quarreling between men of the same community could not be tolerated, and the whole village would resent any needless dlsturbuncc of thr internal peace," said the author, and th" residt was that when a Japanese decided to fight, he fought to kill and killed him self afterward. It is not to be wondered, then, that the armies of Nogi fought with grim and r.(Hk less determination in their attacks upon Port Arthur, and that the Japanese in their campaigning are very generally said to light with desperation- Their armies advance silently. Absence of martial mu sic and cheering of a coming host arc said to -strike with awe the cnomy op posing them. Courage as a physical qual ification is not so much theirs as com plete training to the Idea of fighting to kill. Bagpipes Again in Favor. London World. That terrible instrument, the bag pipe. Is winning favor In certain cir cles. It is even whispered that there is a fair royal piper,, and that, tho daughters of Scottish nobles are rap idly becoming proficient in the art o skirling tha, pipes is the hapless ex perience of 'many visitors to the. north.