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PORTLAND, SATURDAY. FEB. 4, 1005.
HOW WILL THE DRAMA END?
One thing is apparent, to-wit: The
political and personal friends of those
who are under prosecution In Oregon,
in connection with the land frauds, are
not passive spectators of the proceed
ings. They don't like the prosecutors,
either. Both sides are busy, and the
air is full of plots and counter-plots.
After a while there will be revelations
that will satisfy even the most eager
and sensational curiosity. Conspiracy
is asserted on all sides, and a mass of
matter Is accumulating which, when
produced, will be startling. Much of it,
on both sides, is leaking out; but it
would be manifestly improper for The
Oregonian to print all it hears, or to
comment on statements not delivered
as testimony in court It is known, In
general, what the accusations are, for
these come to the surface through the
indictments. But the testimony on
which they are to be supported or to
fall must be waited for. As to the de
fendants, there can. be no public judg'
ment till they have had full opportu
nlty to meet their accusers openly. But
t is certain therehave been great mis
takes and great wrongs, on one side or
the other.
Though the trials are yet perhaps two
months off, the preparations for them
are working up to a point of dramatic
Intensity. Behind this effort Is - the
whole force and energy of the National
Administration, which must be confl
dent it has a case, or it would not push
the effort as it does. On the other side
the reputation and the political and
personal fortunes of men in high place
are at stake; and whatever the course
or the result, the denouement will be
striking In either event, because of the
prominence of the parties engaged in
the contest. In a combat of such forces
favor cannot be asked nor granted. It
Js not ordinary litigation over prop
erty; it is a struggle which has all the
resolute purpose of war itself. Attack
and defense will not be less determined,
nor less rancorous, than if carried into
the arena of arms, under the spirit of
mortal hatred.
It Is clear that on both sides the feel
ing and effort are growing more tense.
week by week, at all points. And no
wonder, when it Is considered what Is
involved, to the contestants, in a con
tention of this kind. It will not leave
things as It found them, either In Ore
gon or at "Washington. The Oregonian
has no prediction to make, only this:
That from a battle so set, from as
sault and defense on such a field, some
thing is going to happen.
ON SEEING THINGS.
To the casual reader of. the proceed
ings before the International Commis
sion which is inquiring Into the slaugh
ter of the British fishermen by Rojest
vensky's squadron it probably appears
that one side or the other must be
lying. A little reflection, however, will
convince those interested that this Is
far from being the case; indeed, that
both sides are telling the truth.
The men of the fishing fleet are posi
tive in declaring that there were no torpedo-boats
among their vessels. Cap
tain Clado, the Lawson'of the Russian
navy, and some of his confreres de
clare just as positively that they saw
torpedo-boats with the fishing fleet.
The paradox is easily intelligible. "When
a. man suffering from overwork in de
creasing the supply of whisky declares
that he sees pink rats upon his bed he
is undoubtedly right. He sees them.
His less nervous friend, who says there
are no rats, brown or pink, in the room,
is also right. There are no rats. So
with the torpedo-boats. The Russian
officers undoubtedly tell the truth in
saying that they saw such vessels, and
the fishermen are undoubtedly right in
saying that there were no such vessels
in the North Sea.
In this connection it is not amiss to
recall the story of the commander of a
Russian torpedo-boat that ran out of
Port Arthur. This officer had spent the
last ten years in running a farm, and
was consequently not so much at home
upon the narrow bridge of a torpedo
boat aB he might have been. He es
caped from Port Arthur in a blinding
storm. Nothing could be seen ahead,
although the devilish Japanese could be
seen miles astern, pursuing the fleeing
boat with relentless fury. "It waB not
human," ran the captain's story. "We
fell upon our knees. "We prayed to be
delivered, from such demons. We
heaped coal upon the furnace and then
we ran ashore, thank God!"
Owing to the width of the North Sea
It was impossible for the ships at
tacked by the demoniacal torpedo-boats
off the Dogger Bank to find a welcome
haven upon a shingly beach, but they
boldly fled as rapidly as possible from
the place where such ghostly craft
maneuvered. It Is a high proof of the
Russian officers infallibility that they
could not possibly be mistaken in
thinking they saw torpedo-boats, al
though several instances were cited
before the commission of battleships
and first-class cruisers having been
taken for the diminutive vessels, even
in peace maneuvers. It is another in
stance of the dogged bravery of the
Russian naval officer. He will see what
his duty or his country's interest de
mands that he should see. and. like the
canny Scot, he will take his oath to it,
even if he wouldn't bet saxpencc on it.
THE STATES AT THE '05 FAIR.
Governor Mead has come to Portland
to select the site for the Washington
state building. The Legislature of that
state has just appropriated the liberal
sum of $75,000, which ought to be ade
quate for a comprehensive display at
the '05 Fair of the many things the
state has to show. Washington has
been late in making its preparations to
take a suitable part in the great Expo
sition, but it is not too late. With the
energy and enterprise which are char
acteristic of its citizenship we may ex
pect that It will be enabled to derive
from the Fair all the benefit to which It
is entitled. To that end the Fair man
agement will give its most hearty co
operation. TheVbest site available is
not too good for Washington, for
Washington will make the most of It.
The great awakening relative to the
importance and splendor of the ap
proaching Exposition that has taken
place throughout all the states has been
most gratifying to every person inter
ested in the success of the Fair. New
York had appropriated $35,000; now it
seems that the state has decided that
it is not enough, and it proposes to give
$65,000 more. The Governors of the Im
portant States of Illinois and "Wisconsin
are urging upon their Legislatures that
they provide for suitable representa
tion here. The following table will
show how the matter of appropriations
stands in all the states:
Appropri
ated. 5 35.000
Pendlnc.
New York S 05.000
Pennsylvania 00,000
Illinois 25.000
Wisconsin 50,000
Colorado 35,000
Oregon
Washington
450.000
75,000
15.000
10,000
10.000
10.000
10,000
90.666
Massachusetts
Missouri
Utah
Montana
Idaho 15.000
Arizona 10,000
California
Total S2C0.O00 $705,000
It must be borne in mind that the
states will contribute only one of the
important features of the Exposition.
No account is here taken of the general
exhibits, the vast number of private
displays and the varied spectacles that
will be installed along the Trail. These
states are coming In because they fully
realize now that the Lewis and Clark
Exposition Is to be a great affair.
THE DOCTORS.
It was, doubtless, a cynic -who said
that one great attraction of heaven was
that there would be no need there for
the lawyers, the doctors and the
preachers. Whatever may be the case.
In the next world, a sure thing is that
some of us here get on with none of
the lawyer and very little of the minis
ter. But at both ends of life, to say
nothing of the middle, the doctor
touches all of us. Again, the ignorant
lawyer is an injury to his unfortunate
client; the ignorant preacher, we may,
at this stage of the world, have noth
ing to do with, but the Ignorant doc
tor may not only kill us and those dear
to us, but he Is a positive and Imminent
danger to the community In which-he
sets himself up to practice. Civilized
man has known this so well in all ages
that he has demanded of his doctor
that he should spend years In learn
ing his business; that the young doc
tors should be gathered In colleges and
universities for the sake of collective
teaching and study, and that the fact
of such course of learning having been
passed should be shown publicly by
Identifying the successful student by
means of some magic letters attached
to his name.
So there has grown up in all civilized
countries a common consent as to the
kind, and almost as to the quantum, of
knowledge that a young doctor must
start with In his career. This covers
the anatomy of the human frame, phys
iology, the symptoms or all common
diseases, especially those of contagious
character, surgery up to date, the
remedial effect of various kinds of
treatment, chemistry In its relations to
means of healing, and the rules of
health for the individual and the com
munity. Practically this Is, or ought to
be, common ground, regardless of what
may be built on, or may diverge from
this foundation of knowledge as the
young doctor may become a specialist
in one or another of the modern schools
of which the number grows from year
to year, or may devote himself to one
corner of the wide field of human Ills.
This measuring up of the beginners
must be done by the experts who have
the necessary knowledge and experi
ence, but who in this represent the pub
lic, the community, not the profession.
It Is easy to see "why the orthodox old
style physicians should desire to keep
the door and hold the key Into prac
tice. In these days all kinds of folk
are looking over the wall and seeking
a side way into the pasture land of
admitted position and regular and col
lectible fees
Is it, or Is it not, for the public good
and safety .that existing requirements
should be relaxed? On the one hand,
very many of us claim the right to get
our doctoring and healing done where
and by whom we please, regardless of
the general qualifications of the so
called "doctor," or of any voucher or
guarantee for his ability. In this idea
we are confirmed by one or the other
who Is a believer in the various
sciences and treatments shown in the
title to Dr. Coe's bill now In hands
of the committee at Salem. Think of
them! Praciicers In the "gift of heal
ing, vital science, osteopathy, magnetic
healing, the Weltmer system, hydro
therapy, mesmerism, spiritualism.
Christian science, faith cure, and other
cults by which disease or lack of har
mony In the individual is treated."
So many men, so many minds. Sure
ly there is room for every one Jn some
tent or other. But the question behind
is this: If an-adult, more or less capa
ble of reasoning, has a right to call In
one from this miscellany of healers for
his or her own case (which Is not now
in issue), does the right extend to the
young and ignorant child, or the sick
incapable of decision, .over whom care
and responsibility extend? The logical
answer seems to be yes, if the practicer
is guaranteed In advance to "have ac
quired sufficient store of the accumu
lated knowledge of the centuries to
have justified him in leaving the
beaten paths of regular practice for
any of these new trails and byways.
So much the state should be required
to see to in the interest of the public
health. Freedom to practice? Yes; but
before the man has leave to deviate he
should be required to have the old map
in his head. Therefore it Is to be hoped
that the committee may tone up Dr.
Coe's bill at least to the requirements
above Indicated before it goes to vote
in the Legislature with their approval.
YOUNG MEN IN THE NAVY.
One hundred and fourteen men were
added to the available working force of
the Navy in line of slow official promo
tion by the graduation of the first class
in the Naval Academy. "If you will
but rise to the level of your oppor
tunities," said the President In address
ing the class, "you will keep and main
tain the proud fame of the American
naval officer." Yet it is a fact that op
portunity to reach the top in the Navy
under the present system of promotions
Is slow, and, to many who wait and
hope. It never comes. This opportu
nity serves but Inadequately the de
mands of our present naval equipment
In time of peace. In an emergency of
sudden war Its provisions would quick
ly prove inadequate. Efficient officers
take longer in making than do efficient
ships, and to hurry naval construction,
as was proven in our Civil "War, is dis
astrous. Park Benjamin makes a plain pre
sentment of the needs of the Nation in
this respect in a late number of the
Independent. He shows that under the
present utterly inadequate system of
promotion in the Navy we are facing
the near possibility of "white-haired
Lieutenants," and urges. Congress and
the people who make Congressmen to
awake to their responsibility in this
matter, adding that "It is too late to
educate Admirals after war begins."
The truth, stated plainly and tersely.
Is this: We are building a Navy com
posed of ships of the highest efficiency.
We have not got enough men of corre
spondlng efficiency to command them.
To provide great tools and not people
able to handle them Is an absurdity.
Mr. Benjamin asserts that all of our
commanding officers of the Navy are
too old for the highest degree of effi
ciency, even In time of peace. He sub
mlts In proof of this assertion that men
nearing three-score have not the physl
cal endurance and the nerve to permit
them to withstand the fearful 6train
of modern war, or even the wearing
responsibilities of command in peace
time, and adds: "Ceaseless vigilance
and Activity require young men in full
vigor of mind and body."
The naval list shows that all of our
Rear-Admirals but two are over- 50;
eighteen have less than two years to
serve, and seven retire during the pres
ent year. Of the seventy-seven Cap
tains, all but three are over 55; thirty
three are over 58; fifty-three have less
than five years to serve. The youngest
in this list is 53& the oldest 61 years
of age. Of the Commanders the next
grade below Captain all are over 47
of .the nlnety-flve who are eligible to
command, fifty are over 53 and twenty-
nine are over 55.
Comparisons here may be disquieting,
but they are suggestive of the neces
slty of immediate relief, if the personnel
of the United States Navy i3 to stand
for efficiency with the navies of the
world. As to Japan, our youngest
Rear-Admiral is older than Admiral
Togo; the four Japanese VIce-Admlrals
are all younger than our youngest Cap
tain. The average age of our Captains
(57 years) Is thirteen years beyond
that of the Japanese Captains, nine
years beyond that of the English and
German Captains, and seven years be
yond that of the Russian Captains
The youngest English Captain Is 20
years younger than our youngest, while
If our youngest Captain were In the
Japanese navy he would have been re
tired for age some time ago.
History supports the assertion that
young men are the fighters of the
world. Nelson was not quite 40 at the
battle of the Nile; at Trafalgar the av
erage age of thirty-one Captains was a
llftle over 40. In the "War of 1812 De
catur was a Commodore at 2Si Hull was
old enough to command the Constltu
tion and dispose of the Guerrlere at 37,
and Perry at the battle of Lake Erie
was about 29.
All of this and much more of similar
trend Is not new. Congress has repeat
edly been made aware of the situation
In specific terms, and the President in
his late message called attention to the
matter, noting" first that "a modern
warship is useless unless the officers
and" men aboard her become adepts In
their duties." Looking to the accom
pllshmcnt of this desirable and indeed
highly necessary result, he said:
"Sooner or later we snail have to pro
vide for some method by which there
will be promotions for merit, or else
retirement of all those who after a cer
tain age have not advanced beyond
certain grade."
Against the first expedient the dread
of political influences that have worked
such injustice and caused so many
heartburnings in the Army looms up,
a menace to efficiency In the Navy.
The seniority system of promotion
though it makes the service hoary with
gray beards and causes it to glisten
with bald heads away down the line
has at least been able to prevent the
pet of the political boss or "the son of
his father" from being jumped over the
heads of men trained In the profession
and entitled to promotion through ser
vice. A feasible plan proposed is to
allow the graduates of technical schools
of acknowledged thoroughness, who
have specialized in engineering and
construction, to apply for commissions
as Ensigns in the Navy, subject to a
reasonable period of probation during
which they will get practical knowl
edge of working ships by sea service,
just as do the graduates of the Naval
Academy. The Ideas simplified In
statement are these: We want edu
cated men, specialized In their work,
to handle the powerful battleships
that are being added year by year
to our Navy. The Naval Academy
cannot turn them out fast enough to
meet the demand: let technical schools
come to the rescue In the lines sug
gested. Again, the personnel of the
Navy must be made up of relatively
young men. Let adequate provision be
made for the retirement of officers who
have passed the age of efficiency, ac
credited by nature and by experience
In naval warfare. It Is believed that in
this .way a! sufficient number of m'en
competent to command and work our
fighting ships may in a relatively short
space of time be secured.
It seems unnecessary at this late day
to offer explanations and excuses for
placing shackles upon Jefferson Davis
during the first few days after his cap
ture by the Federal authorities In 1865.
He was considered at that time a par
ticularly contumacious rebel, whose
avowed purpose to escape across the
Mississippi, where he "might hap to
move new broils," was reported, and
where his Influence with his followers
might have prolonged the war. The
people of the North were not in a3
lenient a mood In regard to the rebel
lion, and those who" precipitated it in
the face of Abraham Lincoln's earnest
plea for amity in his first Inaugural,
as they are now. They felt, as wa
natural under the circumstances, great
exultation in the capture of the pres
ident of the Confederacy, and were ex
tremely anxious that he should be held
until such time as he might be released
without detriment to the public peace.
That no attempt was made to put in
dignities upon him or to humiliate him
unnecessarily is. all things considered,
surprising. That no such attempt was
made is certain. On the contrary, he
was treated with all the consideration
compatible with the general state of
the public temper and his safekeeping.
Long ago a closed incident, no good
can come from reopening and restating
the question. The part of General
Miles In the matter was that of a sol
dier on duty, obeying orders.
Protest againsjt tyranny and massa
cre meets aiincumes in nussia. me
other day the zemstvo3 of Novgorod
adopted a resolution of protest against
the slaughter In St. Petersburg. As
soon as the adoption of the resolution
became known In St. Petersburg an or-
der was telegraphed to the Governor to
arrest every member of the zemstvos.
which was done, the victims being
seized from their beds and taken to the
fortress. The members of the zemst
vos are in every case men of good
standing and Intelligence. They are
the "best people" of Russia, some of
them belonging to the aristocracy, and
some outside of It. The officials, not
responsible to the people, who yet call
themselves "the government." are only
hastening the end. The "hereditary
bondsmen" in Russia will yet "strike
the blow."
The Salem Journal is overcome with
sorrow by the homeless condition of the
Governor of Oregon, who has not an
executive mansion to make tolerable
his lonely life In Salem. "Even a Gov
ernor has rights," cries the Journal.
And it gives the following tearful illus
tratlon:
Suppose we elect a younc man Governor
from Eastern Oregon. Ho comes to Salem
with his "young wife and children. He has
no fortune, but an honesty of purpose to do
his duty. He finds tho salary and the situ
atlon so that he must occupy rooms or live
In a fifteen-dollar-a-month cottage. Is It
not humiliating that man to compel him
to become a homeless man even though
we exalt him to the office of Chief Execu
tive ?
We can see no way out of this ter
rible dilemma except to move the seat
of government to Eastern Oregon.
It will be up to Attorney McMahan,
of Salem, to make good his charge that
the Superintendent of the Penitentiary
and his family and sundry other offi
cers at that institution have been eat
ing off. of the state without due war
rant of law. Also that they have, as
charged, kept open house to their
friends, driven about In carriages,
kept servants, stabled fast horses, etc.,
without drawing upon their salaries In
payment therefor. A Joint committee
of the Legislature will Inquire into
these matters at an early date, to find
(since the main charge of having
drawn subsistence stores from the state
commissary Is admitted!) to what extent
these extraordinary expenses have been
Incurred and allowed. Taxpayers will
wait the findings of the committee with
interest.
Says the Albany Democrat: "Dr.
Hill, of Portland, Is to be congratulated.
The Oregonian, the most infldellc of
any paper on the Coast, doesn't like his
religion." "Where this critic gets the
word "Infldellc," which has no author
ity, no recognized usage, doesn't ap
pear. He means "infidel," no doubt.
But the person who uses "Infidel," In
any application to the religious faith
or Ideas of another, hasn't sense
enough to know what the word means
He always is held an "Infidel" who has
a different and especially a higher Idea
of man's relation to the Infinite than
the ordinary and commonplace one,
echoed by such stupidity as that -which
inspires the utterance above quoted.
A death at once pathetic and shock
ing was that of Mrs. Johanna Kurden
who was fatally burned in a fire that
destroyed the small dwelling hardly
more than a shelter that was her
home on Union avenue, Thursday
night. The event of her death was not,
however, more sorrowful than the life
of utter loneliness from which the trag
edy of a few minutes relieved her.
widow, and childless and alone, sick
much of the time, and no longer young,
life to her was existence merely, and
barren of hope. Not the death of this
desolate woman, but the manner of It,
is to be deplored.
Any county in which sheep, cattle
or horses are killed on the range by
lawless persons should be compelled to
pay the owners the value of the prop
erty destroyed. This Is the sure way to
stop such slaughter. Citizens of the
county in which these outrages are
perpetrated will "put the kiboah" on
such proceedings when they have to
pajr the loss. The bill ought to pass
It war the great Paley who asked
"Who can refute a 6neer?" And It was
the great Samuel Johnson who pointed
out that stubborn audacity was the last
refuge of guilt. The bearing of which
observation lies In the application of
them.
General Miles has a position in the
militia of Massachusetts. He will not
be able to be present In Washington on
the fourth of March to congratulate
Theodore Roosevelt on his election to
the Presidency.
Mr. Pulitzer evidently values his
peace of mind above mundane honors
having decided to have his College of
Journalism founded after his death
France shows a disposition to put a
prohibitive tariff on the cakewalk.
Fortunately, we can retaliate on the
cancan.
A'OTE AND COMMENT.
The Ashland Tribune reports the wed
ding of Professor Payne and Miss Hurt.
WTe hope the affair was less distressing
than it sounds.
Officials in St. Louis announce another
"war on vice." It's a strange thing that
persons don't realize that it's the begin
ning of a war on vice Is a disgrace such
a war should always be going on.
Japan's coal cellar Is being rapidly and
economically filled by the Vladivostok
"blockade runners."
At the Play.
"Funny name, isn't it? 'The Darling of
the Gods. Didn't know gods had dar
lings just look at, those diamonds and
there's Mrs. Smythe she looks a fright
'oh. now tho curtain's going up why,
they're all Japanese It's a Japanese play.
ou say what a funny way those girls
walk I never can remember all those
foreign names why doesn't Blanche Bates
come on? that's her, you say which? I
don't sec her Yo-San? oh, that one is
that Blanche Bates? she looks just like
Jap, doesn't she? you'd never tell from.
her looks she was born right in this town
arc those geishas? how horrid they're
not nice persons, are they? what does
that man want with two swords? one
for each hand. I guess-tbafs the result
of Jlu-Jltsu whv does she talk about
breaking bones? must bo going to make
soup for him oh, oh, they've killed that
man. haven't they? I do hope they won't
-shoot off any guns my nerves won't stand
it what are these ky-isses? oh, just
kisses what a fuss to make over a- kiss
Is the v hero an American? they're all
apanese! I don't sec why the hero can't
be an American look at those Japs in the
box this must make, thom feel like home
what's this shojl they talk about? I hope
It's not Improper why does that man in
front of us keep looking back? is any
thing wrong with my hair? I don't under
stand it a bit these foreign plays are
oolish, I think what are souvenir choco
lates? you can't keep chocolates now the
curtain's going up again just look at that
girl letting that man hug her she's a
geisha, you say well, that makes no dif
ference sbe's a bold thing what's down
In ihi cellar? is it on lire? well. It looks
like It with that red light torturing him
down below? well, he's only a Jap are
all those people swimming? the River of
Souls? how can souls swim? a thousand
years after, you 'say a thousand years
why are they In the clouds? have they
airships in Japan? why don't they come
down by parachute? is that the end?
how silly the villain wasn't even killed
I'll never come to see a Japaneso play
again but wasn't Blanche Bates Just too
sweet yes, the Irvingtoa car we're just
in time. If we hurry."
One of those little scraps of informa
tion that make the rounds of all the pa
pers printed in the English language says
that married life lasts oa an average 23
years, iso statistician naa carea to taxe
the vaudeville hint and estimate how long
it seems.
Valentines become more and more elab
orate each year. According to the Phila
delphia Record, valentine stockings are
the thing this year. They bear embroider
ed hearts and darts, and also such sen
tences as "To my valentine" and "Don't
bo a kicker." We shall await next year's
developments with great interest.
Poland would have a cinch on first place
In a "Niobe of Nations' contest.
Grlppenberg is bucking Kuropatkln.
Pack up your Grippenc-erg aiyi go.
Aroused by the suggestion that the ap
pendix should be removed from every In
fant as a precautionary measure, the Brit
ish Medical Journal demands further pre
cautions. The tonsils, the large Intestine
and part of the alimentary canal should
be removed, thinks the B. M. J. (as It is
familiarly known among Its subscribers)
The lino of reasoning is excellent. Were
our legs amputated In early life we could
n't stub our toes and break our bones in
the ensuing fall. If our arms were chop
ped off at birth we could never lose our
fingers by contact with the tempting but
hard-biting buzz-saw. Were our heads
skilfully removed, we couldn't blow our
brains out, and If all the babies were
killed, there would be no mortality.
Some Ingenious correspondent, who
writes on what appears to be pink and
silver wallpaper, wants to know the best
food for producing fat, and encloses
picture which presumably represents the
letterwriter's Ideal In that respect. Hav
ing hitherto tackled various foods merely
because they seemed good to eat, and
without thought of their fat or thin
producing effect, we must acknowledge
our Inability to aid pink and sliver Slim,
but beg to-propose an attractive subject
for discussion by the Garfield Literary
and Debating Society. Which would you
rather be, a thin person who wants to be
fat or a fat person wno wants to be thln7
It is now remarked that the reason
they couldn't entrap Heney was that he,
like Joseph, "wasn't sleepy."
To keep up the pace of the Santa Rosa
TtftnirtiHean and several other naners. Notn
nnrf rnmmpnt offftrs ono round trln ticket
to the Lewis and Clark Centennial Expo
sltlon and Oriental Fair, to be held this
summer in roruana, ur. ie uctei win ouilt up among the rural carriers a po
not bo good for meals or drinks en route I litical machine, and he Insisted that the
and does not Include admission to the
grounds. It does entitle the holder to aak
a policeman three questions, of which i
not more than two must relate to the
nearest way home.
WEX. J.
GAIN LIBERTY OR DIE.
Albanians Ready to Begin War for
Independence of Province.
ROME. Feb. 3. Prince Ghlca. of Rou-
mania, who has been elected by the Al
banian committee as union supreme head
for Albanian independence, was inter
viewed today regarding his plans and the
purposes of the committees.
The Prince said his election meant the
beginning of a general revolution in Al
bania and a bitter struggle to achieve the
liberty of the country. He said he would
in person assume command of the Al
banian forces, which, he asserted, would
be reinforced by 12,000 volunteers. The
committee, the Prince said, could com
mand all the means necessary for the
prosecution of the war for Independence,
and only asKed to be left free In the fight.
Those enlisted In the movement, he add
ed, were determined to achieve their pur
pose or die to the last man.
Should Austria intervene to prevent the
execution of the committee s plans, he de
clared, she would be opposed by Italy,
Russia and Great Britain.
Kaiser Dines Ambassador Tower.
BERLIN, Feb. 3- Emperor William
entertained Ambassador Tower and
Allison V. Armour, of New York, at a
small dinner given at the palace last
night. Tho Emperor, wno was un
commonly animated, detained his
-guests in conversation until, midnight.
HE DENIES HIS GUILT.
Judge Swayne Answers the Charges
Before Senate.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 3. Through his
counsel. Judge Charles Swayne. of the
United States District Court for Northern
Florida, today made formal response In
the Senate to the articles of Impeachment
voted by the House of Representatives.
Tho answer was a formidable document
in point of size. In every case the fact
charged was admitted, hut explained
from Judge Swayno's point of view, and
in addition it was contended that, even
If the conditions were true as charged,
they were not of a character to justify
proceedlngs for impeachment for "high
crimes and misdemeanors." The answer
was read by ex-Senator Thurston, and
when he concluded the Senate Issued an
order requiring the House to file its for
mal reply by next Monday and directed
that all pleadings shall be in by Febru
ary 0. that the trial may proceed on
February 10. The proceedings attracted
large audience to the galleries, and
most of the Senators were in their seats.
After the trial was suspended Senators
Berry. Stone and Morgnn spoke in oppo
sition to the joint statehood bill in its
present form.
Judgo Swayne's answer is a typewrit
ten document of 55 pages. He took up
the specifications of the charges in de
tail, contending that they were not such
as should- be taken cognizance of by the
Senate.
Admits All the Charges.
Taking up first the charjte of recclvinc
510 a day for expenses which were not
so great, he admitted the receipt of the
money as charged, but denied that his
conduct in this respect was contrary to
law, as the allowance of $10 a day was
Intended to be a fixed and definite allow
ance for Judges when holding court out
side their districts. Judge Swayne said
that other judges generally have drawn
the full amount of 510 a day and that up
to the beginning of the present proceed
ing he had not received any intimation
from the auditing offices of the Treasury
Department or from others that his
course in accepting the full amount al
lowed was contrary either to law or to
custom.
The charge that Judge Swayne had ap
propriated to his own use a railway car
of the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West
Hallway Company was denied. Judce
Swayne admitted the use of the car, but
said It was occupied by himself and
friends in going from Delaware to Flor
ida on the invitation of the receiver of
the road.
Judge Swayne also denied that he
failed to establish a residence in his dis
trict in Florida. He admitted froauent
absences on account of visits to his fam
ily, the holding of court elsewhere and
becauso of a tour in Europe, but con
tended that there has been no offense in
this respect of a character to justify im
peachment for high crimes and misde
meanors. Contempt Sentence Justified.
The charge of committing E. T. Davis
to jail for contempt he admitted, but he
justified it as a public duty. With ref
erence to the charge that ho had pre-
siuea in a suit relatintr to real estate In
Florida in which he was interested Judge
bwaync denied having such interest. He
also admitted fining and ordering to
prison Samuel Belden and E. T. .Davis.
attorneys, on the charge of contempt for
ineir conduct toward him In the real
estate case, and said his conduct in that
matter was justifiable.
Judge Swayne also justified his course
in punishing W. C. O'Neal, saving that
his course In this case has been due to
the fact that O'Neal had made a murder
ous assault on a trustee in bankruptcy
appointed by Swayne in a bankruntcy
proceeuing.
An order was adopted giving the man
agers or tne House until February 6 to
present a replication or other pleading
wnicn tne Mouse may desire to make.
The order further directed that all plead
ings must be closed before February 9,
so tnat the trial may proceed on Feb
ruary 10.
Oppose Joint Statehood.
'rue senate, sitting as a court, then
adjourned and resumed legislative con
sideration of the joint statehood bill.
Stone spoke in opposition to the measure.
particularly on the provisions relating to
inaian Territory.
Berry followed Stone, saying it was not
true, as has been asserted in the debate.
that all the people wanted Oklahoma and
Indian Territory united as one state. He
insisted that the people In Indian Ter
rltory were unanimous in their desire for
single statehood. He thought Oklahoma,
.New Mexico and Arizona should be ad
muted as states at this time and that
for the present Indian Territory should
remain as a territory.
Morgan said that each of the terri
torles should be admitted into the Union
as a state and that to fail so to admit
them would be an act of bad faith.
Teller sought consent to have printed
in the record an article printed today In
a New Tork paper, purporting to give
the text of the agreement between tho
United States and Santo Domingo, but
aesistea wnen assured by Cullom, chair
man of the committee on foreign rela
tions that the publication was not cor
rect. Cullom added that the agreement
was In the process of execution and ob
jected to publication under the circura
stances.
POSTAL BILL PASSES HOUSE.
Vain Effort to Exempt Rural Carriers
From Civil-Service Law.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 3. After nearly
a week of discussion, the Postoffice appro
priation dim, carrying 5180,787,415, passed
the House today, following the defeat of
a motion by Moon of Tennessee to recom
mit it with Instructions to strike out the
provision for special mall facilities on
trunk lines.
An unsuccessful attempt was made by
Watson (Dem., Ind.). after a sharp de
oate to exclude rural carriers from the
operation of tho Civil Service regulations
" I Watson charged that under the present
pQljcy of appointments there was being
Representatives in Congress. could be re
lied on to recommend capable men for
that service,
The chair sustained a point of order
against the amendment.
The question of political activity of
postal employes and the course to be
adopted to prevent it was raised by
Griggs of Georgia, who offered an amend
ment providing that the uniting by postal
ganizatlon which has for its object the
change of the relation of employes to the
Government shall be cause for dismissal.
The amendment went out on a point of
order.
Moon moved to recommit the bill with
instructions to eliminate the provisions
for special mail facilities. The motion
was lost, 42 to 158, and the bill then was
passed without division.
SENATE NOT CONSIDERED.
Santo Domingo Protocol Not Intended
for Its Approval.
WASHINGTON. Feb. -3. (Special.) It
Is now admitted at the State Department
that the original protocol with San Do
mingo providing for the taking over by
this country of the customs receipts and
the guarantee by the United States of its
territorial integrity was drawn up with
out any reference to the Senate or its
advice and consent.
China Borrows to Pay Indemnity.
LONDON. Feb. 4. The final contract
has been signed for th'o Chinese gold loan
of 53.000.000 for the payment of the re
malnder required for converting the Boxer
Indemnity Into gold, says a Pekin dls
patch to the Times. The interest Is se
cured by the liken revenues of Shanshi
Province.
NOT SO MUCH FRAUD AFTER ALL
Many Alleged Fraudulent Ballots Are
Identified by Voters at Denver.
DENVER, Feb. 3. At the session of the
joint legislative committee considering the
Peabody-Adams Gubernatorial contest to
day, John A. Rush announced that the
Democrats expected to take evidence of
3000 or 6000 persons, either before the com
mittee or before notaries. He asked" to
have the ballots taken before notaries
when witnesses were to be heard. This
requost was denied by Chairman Griffith.
James H. Pershing, a Republican law
yer, who acted as Supreme Court watcher
In Precinct 6, Ward 14. testified that with
his consent legal ballots were cast In that
precinct by putting them in the outside
box when the glass box was filled. In his
opinion the election In that precinct was
conducted honestly, although one expert
had testified there were over 60 ballots
written by one or two persons.
Ten witnesses were examined this after
noon, each of whom identified as his bal
lot one of those which the Peabody ex
perts had declared to have been written
one or two persons. From one pre
cinct where an expert had testified 13
Democratic and six Republican ballots
were written by one person, the Demo
cratic attorneys produced six men. each
of whom identified one of the Republican
ballots as the one he wrote. In another
case a Republican election judge Identi
fied the Republican ballots which the ex
perts had declared fraudulent as being his
own and two which he had written for
illiterate voters.
When Mr. Rush, representing Governor
Adams, asked to have photographed cer
tain ballots reported as fraudulent by ex
perts, along with the handwritings of wit
nesses who had Identified them as their
own. legally and regularly prepared and
cast, Mr. Ward, for Peabody. requested
that other ballots included in the number
aid to be fraudulent also be photo
graphed. He explained that he desired
this done to show that handwritings could
be so much alike as to be confusing. The
request was granted.
WILL HEAR CHARGES IN PUBLIC
Illinois investigating Committee
Grants Demand of Comerford.
SPRINGFIELD. 111.. Feb. 3. Frank J.
Comerford's testimony against the mem
bers of the Illinois Legislature. In sup
port of his charges that corruption in
rampant, and more especially that at
tempts at bribery were made in the re
cent Democratic Houso caucus, will be
heard in the open. That is. three news
paper men will be present, and Mr. Com
erford himself will bo permitted to be
present at the hearings. This was de
cided on today by the House investigat
ing committee.
Illegal Voters Convicted.
DENVER, Feb. 3. William C. Lyons
was found guilty of Illegal voting by a
jury in the Criminal Court today. He
will ask for a new trial, and pending a
decision must remain In jail, bond being
denied him by Judge Johnson.
William Kelley and Charles Mueller
pleaded guilty to charges of being ac
cessories to illegal voting, and wore
given 90 days each in jail. The in
formations accused them of taking a
number of women employed as res
taurant waiters to the polls and hav
ing them vote without having legally
qualified.
The Ballot in Missouri..
JEFFERSON CITY. Mo., Feb. 3. Tho
15th ballot for United States Senator to
succeed Francis M. Cockrell was taken
In joint session today without result
and the joint assembly adjourned until
Monday noon. The ballot follows
Cockrill, 71: Neldringhaus, 65; Kerens.
12; Pettijohn, 2; Moss. 1; Finklenburg,
1. Necessary to choice. 7i.
SANITARIUM FOR LEPERS..
BUI for Establishment in Arid Region
of Southwest.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 3. The care of
lepers in the United States and Hawaii
was considered today by he House com
mittee on interstate and foreign Com
merce. Two bills, one providing for the
establishing of a sanitarium In this
country, to which may be sent all lepers
In the United States and another appro
priating 5150,000 to be used in Hawaii for
the scientific study of the disease, were
before the committee.
Delegate Kalanianaole explained briefly
the condition of lepers In the Hawaiian
Islands. He said there were Over 1000 of
them. Great care was exercised to Iso
late them (n the leper colony on the
Island of Molokai. and the territorial
government had spent 5500.000 In their
care in the last six years. The diminu
tion of the revenues of the islands, owing
to their absorption by the United States.
he said, amounted, to 51.150.000 annually.
and for this reason tne Federal Govern
ment was asked for an appropriation, not
to care for the lepers, but to prosecute
a scientific study of the disease with the
view of finding some remedy therefor.
Surgeon-General Wyman. of the Public
Health and Marine Service, explained
the need of the leprosarium In this coun
try. He said there were known to be 273
persons afflicted with the disease in the
United States, and he estimated there
were 100 others scattered through the
states and territories. He suggested a
site In the arid region of the Southwest.
The committee authorized a favorable
report on both bills.
TELEGRAMS TO ALASKA.
Government Reduces Rate for Pri
vate Messages to Interior.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 3. Consideration
of matters pertaining to Alaska occu
pied some of the time of the Cabinet to
day. So much pressure has been brought
to bear upon the Government to induce
the officials to facilitate the transmission
of private messages between people in
the United States and the Interior of
Alaska that it was decided to reduce for
such messages- the telegraph tolls be
tween Valdez and such Alaskan points
as are reached by the Government lines.
Tho rate was made 60 cents for ten
words. 51 for 23 words between Valdez
and other Alaskan points, such messages
being limited to two each month between
any two persons. It is expected the Gov
ernment will not be able to handle the
messages at these rates at a profit, but
the arrangement was sanctioned by tho
Cabinet in the interest of the people.
The Government telegraph lines in
Alaska, Secretary Taft explained, are
being operated at a loss; indeed, the re
ceipts from tolls pay scarcely more than
23 per cent of the expenses of operation.
It Is said, however, that, when Alaska is
developed, the receipts will Increase and
eventually more than meet the operating
expenses. The Secretary believes the new
arrangement will not affect the receipts
to a greater extent than 5 per cent of tho
aggregate.
Colombia Seeks Friendship.
NEW YORK. Feb. 3. A basis is being
discussed, according to a Herald dispatch
from Bogota, upon which to placq a
friendly arrangement regarding pending
o.uestions between the United States and
Colombia.
In order to balance the budget and
avoid a new paper Issue it has been de
cided to Increase the importations cus
toms duties by 7 per cent above the pres
ent tariff. The customs-house classifica
tions of 1SSS have been adopted, except
for such articles of merchandise as would
tend to favor the development of national
Industries. The Increase Is to become ef
fective Immediately.
Riots Excuse Close of Schools.
ODESSA. Russia, Feb. 3. The higher
educational classes for women have been
suspended owing to disturbances which
have broken out among the students.