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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 2, 1905)
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THE DESPOT'S PLEA. The Russian aristocrat and oligarch, wincing and cringing under the criti cism of the world, begs and blubbers and enters pleas in avoidance. The people of Russia are not fit for liberty, and any demonstration they make In that direction therefore must be put down with massacre. The despot in deed regrets that he has to do It, but he does It for the people's good; and such is the benignity of his motives that he feels he doesn't deserve the fierce exe crations heaped upon him by mankind for his benevolently bloody work. The oligarchy has to "save the govern ment." A constitution would mean an archy. Dukes and Grand Dukes, Counts, nobles and favorites wallowing in wealth wrung from the people would be "out of a job." The revolution, if not crushed, wiould upset things In Rus sia as it upset things in France. Hence a barbarian soldiery, having no sympa thy with the people, Is brought from distant provinces to hold the people down by Intimidation and massacre. What is needed by Russia, however. is just the revolution so much dreaded by oligarchs. There would be violence. of course. The imperial palaces might be sacked and the bastiles destroyed. The fury of the people probably would be proportional to the energy and cru elty of the resistance to their demands. But if the imperialists, aristocrats. oligarchs, oppressors and plunderers of the people had to flee for their lives, or even if some of them did not succeed in making good their escape, the world would admit that it was an impressive thing to behold the hand of justice working once more on so great a scale. for removal of ancient wrongs. And if the assassination of liberty by the Czar's legions In Poland, Finland and Hungary were avenged, reminder of the fact would be another lesson in retributive justice, for the good of mankind. 2mo people so situated as those of Russia will ever get constitutional gov ernment without revolution, and there can be no revolution on such a scale without violence. Autocracy will grant nothing; everything must be wrested from it. It is the oldest as It is the commonest plea of tyrants that the people are not fit for freedom; and they point to the violence of revolutions as proof of It. This subject was finely dealt with by Macaulay, In his famous essay on Milton. "The one cure," said he, "for the evils of newly acquired freedom is freedom." Given a chance, men in a short time begin to reason They learn their responsibilities. The extreme violence of opinion subsides, Hostile theories correct each other. Men get society and government on a working basis. "Many politicians of our time, continues Macaulay, "are in the habit of laying it down as self-evident proposition that no people ought to be free till they are fit to use their freedom. The maxim is worthy of the fool In the old story, who had resolved not to go Into the water till he had learned to swim. If men arc to wait for liberty till they become wise and good in slavery, they may indeed wait- forever." MUCH IN A NAME. The great southern branch of the Co lumbia ought not to be called Snake .Kiver. it is not a beautiful name. It Is a loathsome name rather, and so beautiful and so majestic a stream Is entitled to a better one. In past years The Oregonian has often spoken of the desirability of giving this noble stream a name that the Northwest would not be ashamed of every time it was spoken. The river belongs to the old Oregon Country, now chiefly to Oregon wasnington and Idaho though Its main sources are in Montana and Wyo ming, where they are known in differ ent places by separate local names. This river Is especially the great main stream of Idaho, and in Idaho they don't like the vile name it bears. That they do not shows state pride and esthetic progress. So there is a propo sition to eliminate "Snake" from the river nomenclature of Idaho, with vari ous suggestions as to what name should replace it. Surveyor-General Eagleson, of Idaho, suggests the old Indian name Sho-sho-nee. We have hyphenated the syllables, to indicate their proper division; and the pronun ciation would be quite analogous to that of "Tennessee." Through all that country, in the early time, the Indians called themselves "Shoshonee" with a somewhat striking accent on the last syllable. Latterly the name has been corrupted by many into Sho-shone which is an abomination. Early records tell us that travelers and trappers called these Indians "Snakes," from their Aplicity and treachery. Others say they were so called because they fed on snakes and lizards and bugs and all creeping things. But the name, whatever Its ori- gin, however it came, ought to be ta booed, outlawed, proscribed, cast out. Oregon, "Washington and Idaho can do it. The stream has a course of more than 400 miles through Idaho; it forms the boundary between Idaho and Ore gon for 200 miles, and the boundary be tween Idaho and "Washington for near ly 100; then it enters WashlngtontJand, after a course of about 160 miles in that state, enters the Columbia some twenty miles north of the Oregon line. We should be glad to see the Legis latures of the three states agree to give this majestic river a decent name. Iewis River -would do, but Shoshpnee, it seems to The Oregonian, would be better. The sound of the name is im pressive, and the analogy to Tennessee would be striking. If the Legislatures will act. the press of the country, the newspapers and the mapmakers and the public schools will soon' effect the transformation. ROOSEVELT TO DIG IT. In order to-get at work actively at Panama, it Is necessary, it seems, to abolish the Canal Commission. Among the seven members of the Commission, all able men, there is too much deliber ation. The Commission Is like a council of war, that never fights. Each one thinks too precisely on the event. The suggestion of one member sicklies and wastes to nought the suggestion of an other. And so their whole deliberations lose the name of action. Now, therefore, the whole power is to be placed by law in the hands of the President. He is expected to select a man who will take hold of the work and put it through. Such confidence in the energy, intelligence, integrity and judgment of one man is an extraordi nary phenonenon. But to this extent has the personality of Theodore Roose velt impressed Itself on the country. If Congress shall charge him -with this duty and doubtless It will the work will be done. And this will be the surest way to avoid "graft." In the letting and per formance of contracts so vast there would be, under ordinary circum stances, -endless opportunity for work of this kind. But here is a man of whose tireless vigilance and resolute purpose all "grafters" arc afraid. The tendency of opinion seems to be more and more towards a sea-level ca- naL This idea Is gaining on the mind and Judgment of Congress. A canal. cut to sea level, will require longer time for construction and will cost more money; but when completed It will be complete. An article In the North American Review upon "The Panama Canal From a Contractor's Stand point," by George W. Crichfield, makes a strong plea for a sea-level canal. He urges that a sea-level canal is much to be preferred to a canal with locks, and that in order to have a sea-level canal it is only necessary to dig dirt. The amount of earth to be dug out is. of course, enormous. But the undertaking Is colossal under any circumstances, The building of locks will be expensive. while the removal of dirt will be inex pensive by comparison, because of the cheaper tools and the cheaper labor re quired. The lock system, he points out. would be especially vulnerable In time of war, besides being "dangerous, dif ficult and costlj-." . He believes that the most troublesome part of the entire work will be the dredging for a dis tance of twenty-nine miles through ma larlal swamps on the Atlantic side. This work will be costlj' in more senses than one; for with the best sanitary precautions known to science it will probably cost a great many human lives. This, part of the work will have to be done in any event, whether the canal be built with locks or at sea level, al though the dredging would have to be much deeper for the sea-level canal. And though the amount of earth and rock to be removed In cutting down the Culebra ridge Is so great that the work would literally require removal of mountains, yet this writer urges that by a combination of modern excavat ing machinery with efficient but com paratively low-priced labor, the big ditch could probably be dug from sea to sea, without locks, almost as cheaply as we could construct the canal on a higher level, with the necessary locks. After all, the labor question is the one of paramount importance, and it is this that has given the Canal Commis sion most serious pause. The climatic conditions on the isthmus are so un usual that it becomes a matter of the first Importance that the laborers se lected for the work shall be of a class best adapted to endure these conditions with the least loss of life, and with the least loss of time through sickness. Mr. Crichfield expresses the opinion that the laborers best fitted for the canal work would be the native peons of the lowlands of Mexico, Central America and South America, and that they should be under American andJ German superintendence. If this whole problem shall be given to President Roosevelt for solution, he will make a point of showing the world how effect ually he will be able to solve it; for it is no flattery to him to say that ne is the greatest reservoir of Irtelligent energy that has appeared In our time. 1VHAT KLAMATH COUNTY WANTS. That the Klamath Canal Company should fight the Government reclama tion project in Klamath County Is quite to be expected, for self-interest dictates such a course. Any other concern, backed by almost any other men, would do the same under the same circum stances. But the fact that this opposi tion has arisen and is likely to be prose cuted with vigor is no reason why the Government should abandon Its plans or hesitate a moment In Its work. From the information at hand the situation seems to be this: The Klamath Canal Company has undertaken con struction of an irrigation system by means of which 00,000 acres of arid land would be reclaimed, this land lying in the lower portions of the Klamath Ba sin. The Government's plans are for construction of a much more extensive system, surrounding and including the territory reached by the private con cern, and injuring that company's pro ject by lowering the water In Klamath Lake. Because the Government's system would Include 315,000 acres" of land and therefore contribute to the development of the country more than five times as much as the private system, the people of Klamath County are desirous that the smaller project should give way to the .larger. The private concern pro poses to charge water-users an initial sum of $10 per acre for water rights and $1 per acre per year rental. The Government offers to construct the works and charge the users the actual cost, and place the annual rental at cost of maintenance. In other words. the company system would always re main a private property, while the Gov ernment system would be owned by the people who use the water. There is every reason, therefore, why the water- users - and the people of Klamath County generally should prefer to see the Government reclamation works constructed, even If the private system should as a consequence be abandoned. This choice does not arise from a desire to see private enterprise discouraged or to deprive any person or corporation of vested rights. It is merely a desire to secure the greatest good for the great est number a purpose which it Is al ways wise to follow. Neither the Government nor the peo ple of Klamath County have any Inten tion to wrong the Klamath Canal Com pany. If the Government should go ahead with Its project, as it seems ready to do, it will be willing to" pay the reasonable value of any property or property rights Injured or destroyed. The canal company Is not willing to give up its system on such terms, and is endeavoring to induce the Depart ment of the Interior to withdraw its reclamation officials from the Klamath district and leave the field entirely to private enterprise. For reasons already given, neither the people of that por tion of the state nor the reclamation officials favor the abandonment plan. but Insist that the smaller concern should give way. Since the bodies of water from which the irrigation canals are to secure their supply are navigable, and also inter state streams, it is Improbable that the Klamath Canal Company has any rights which could stand in the way of the Government's plan of lowering the waters of Klamath Lake and River. Certainly the company could not object to the Government enterhjg the field with a rival irrigation system, serving a much larger territory' and owned by the people whom It serves. If private Interests are all that obstruct the prose cution of this great work, there should be no delay whatever, but the Gov ernment should go ahead with Us plans, paying "whatever is justly due for In juries done, and charging up this sum as a part of the total cost of construct ing the system. PLAIN -WORDS ABOUT THE RAILROADS. From Maine to California, from tHe Lakes to the Gulf, the relations of the railroads to the people are being de bated. The problem is how to be fair to the railroads and to keep them from being unfair to the people. The rail roads must prosper or they cannot help the people to prosper. Very true and very trite. But the people allege injury by the railroads in two directions, first by private rebates and secret favors and discriminations to large shippers, and second by unfair and unreasonable open rates. Are these Injuries in the same class and to be cured by the same treatment.' aureiy not. The essence of the first the secret rebate, the se cret favors and regulations, the secret discrimination lies In the fact of se crecy, the underhandedness, in other words, the furtivity of the bargains The essence of the second, the alloged oppression of the openly charged rates and regulations common to all who have dealings with the railroad, lies in the nature of the contract between the common carrier and any shipper. If the contract is just, evenly an plied and reasonable In Its terms, no question arises. If It is unfair and un reasonable between the carrier and the shipper, then either party; should have a right to take it into a court of jus tice and have it reformed and the dam ages ascertained and paid. Now in the secrecy. tlie underhandedness, the fur tivity, o'f the rebate or the discrimina tion privately arranged betweenjhe individual shipper and the Carrier, lie the elements of fraud which will justify the legislative power Indeclarlng such dealings criminal, and to be dealt with by the Government, State or National on that basis. Furthermore, that foundation having been laid, no man. official of a corporation or Individual, can escape the consequences of his action in being the hand to arrange and carry out a corrupt bargain such as is now In question by pleading In structions from a superior In office, The responsibility runs through the en tire set of persons Involved. It follows also that Government officers are the proper officials to follow up and carry' to the bitter end any process for ferret ing out and having punished all such offenses. Take up now the other class of cases. The correction of unfair and unreasonable rates, which are yet uni form in their application, and are the basis of contract between the shipper and the carrier, is, as above stated, a civil matter. In which there is a legiti mate plaintiff and a defendant whose rights can be ascertained and adjudi catcd in a civil court of justice. On this theo'ry the Government officers may properly intervene If National in terests are brought in question, even in support of a private plaintiff If he be unable tojrnsh his claim to a final decision, and they should intervene and take the case up if collusion between the shipper, plaintiff, and the common carrier, defendant, might cause injury to the interests of the public. In all such cases the presumption should be In'- favor of the common carrier. If he duly publishes the rates, and business is carried out on that basis, for the contract for carrying is an express one if the published rates are accepted as reasonable; or, otherwise, an implied contract to carry on just and reason able rates. Then remain the questions of how the facts surrounding the ship ment which is brought Into the court are to be officially found out and stated how the law should be applied to those facts, before what tribunal trial should be had, with what rights of appeal, and how the decision should be made ef fective. The suggestions on these heads make up, as Rudyard Kipling says, another story'. The main point In the first stage Is to determine whether acts com plained of make a criminal or a civil offense. There should be no confnslon here. On this decision a whole struc ture of remedial law can rightly be based. It should not be an impossible task to define and proscribe under suit able penalties the secret rebate, the un published favors, the furtive and cor rupt discrimination. Is all the money spent by the luxuri ous rich wasted? Note the story, from 'Success," printed today. It is a story of luxurious living, not exaggerated; for not a few have Incomes that en able them to live In this way, and Fome at even greater expense. The point to be observed, however, is that the money wholly goes to employes, trades people In all lines, for dress, equipage and traveling expenses through which multitudes obtain livelihood. So the rich, who spend money, are benefactors of those who must work for 'their liv ing. Luxurious living, therefore, for such as can afford it. Is not waste. Ap plication of the socialistic principle. which- would cut out the rich, would cut off also the means of comfortable liv ing of the multitudes who in one way and another serve them. When Governor Mead, of Washing ton, was In Portland the other day he was interviewed. Among other Inter esting things he said that "the rail roads are working In harmony for the creation of a railroad commission." Now we find that the able and astute representatives of all the roads are at Olympla telling the legislators why there should not be a commission. However, the conflict between the Gov ernor's statement and the real attitude of the railroads is more apparent than real. The railroads know that the Leg islature proposes to create a commis sion. Their opposition is now more or less perfunctory, or at least formal. Any commission the Washington Legis lature creates won t have norns. Some Washington legislators want to remove the state capital to Tacoma. The chief complaints against Olympia are that it Is out of the way, and that Its hotel and other living accommoda tions are meager, and promise to be no better. But it Is hard to move a state capital. In the former contest, four teen years ago, Olympia received with out great effort nearly as many votes as all competitors, and in a subsequent election had a clear majority. Since then the state has built a Capitol, and done much for Olympia. The trouble seems to be that Olympia, having a "cinch" on the capital, has done little for the .state. The Eugepe Register thinks there ought not to be four normal schools in Oregon, but it complains of The Ore gonlan's remarks about the merely local nature of our various state schools. "Some of the brainiest and ablest men in the whole country today are graduates of the State University," remarks the Register. To be sure. So, also, some of the brainiest and ablest men In the country today are graduates of no university. But The Oregonian' . l f 1 .1 , . V.n r-tnfn which Is paying 51000 and more per graduate Is entitled to be assured of a high average product. Press reports disclose that there is In Congress for freight-rate regulation a Hepburn bill, an Esch-Walker bill and a Davey-wuiiams mil. uur csteemeu contemporaries the New YorkNAmerl can .and the San Francisco Examiner also 'mention with gratifying promi nence the Hearst bill, which they com mend. It may be hoped that the zeal ous advocacy of the Hearst bill by these papers has attracted the notice of Congressmen in general and Rep resentative Hearst in particular. , There was attempt to get up a scare about a purpose to "promulgate a constitution, without submitting it to a popular vote. The Oregonian said that "no constitution under our system" ever was so proclaimed. It was an swered that .Virginia has a "promul gated" constitution. But that consti tution was not established "under our system." It was established under the system that prevails in our Southern States, adopted for the purpose of cut ting out the negro vote. The New York Dramatic Managers' Association is to be held accountable under the criminal statute for consplr acy to keep out of alj its twenty-seven theaters James B. Metcalfe, editor of a weekly paper. 4 The managers say they can keep out whom they choose; the Journalist says he can go when he pleases if he pays his way. Judging from, reports as to the dramatic situa tion in New York, the managers have heretofore had no trouble about keeping people out of their theaters. , The fish bill proposed by the jqint committees of the Oregon and Wash ington Legislatures for protection of Columbia River salmon will protect the salmon by allowing them twenty-five or thirty days more In which to be caught. The title of the bill might properly be "A bill for an act to amend an act entitled an act to protect the tin can Industry." Mr. Niedrlnghaus refuses to with draw, and will hold out to the end, even though a permanent deadlock, should result. Having won a victory for the first time In thirty years, the Missouri Republicans . do not know what to do with It. There is no doubt that the Russian Baltic fleet saw that torpedo-boat. There is similar unimpeachable testl mony about a historic phantom ship, It was always seen after the tenth cocktail. The "Little Father" talks pleasantly to "my children" about the duties of obedience. They already know the pen altics of disobedience. The net registered tonnage of the steamship Keemun, given on this page yesterday as 2527, should have' been 5727. Swinburne to the Czar. London Algernon Charles Swinburne contributes to the Pall Mall Gazette sonnet, entitled "Czar! Louis XVI.! Ad sit Omen." It reads as follows: Pcaco on his lying lips, and on his hands Blood, smiled and cowered the tyrant, seeing afar His bondslaves perish and acclaim their Czar. Now. sheltered scarco by murder's loyal bands Clothed on with slaughter, naked else he tttands 31c tiles and stands not, now the blood red star That marks the face of midnight. As a scar Tyranny trembles on the brow it brands, And shudders toward the pit where death less death Leaver no llfo more for liars antt slayers to live. Fly, coward, and cower while there is time. to fly. Chorion awhile thy terror-shortened breat Not aa thy grandslre died, if Justice give Judgment, but slain by Judgment thou shall die. The Ethical Influence of a Good Senator. Kansas City Star. In view of the great success of Senator William Joel Stone's oration on "Purity, the Capital Lyceum and Debating Society- announces the following interesting enter tainment in Its Winter course: Tho Horrors of Lynching," Senator Ben Jamln F. Tillman, of South Carolina. "Protecting tho American Forests," Sen ator Mitchell, off Oregon. The Inviolate Ballot." Senator W. Clark, of Montana. "Should Most of tho Votes Be Counted? Senator Money, of Mississippi. "Postofnces. the Root of All Evil," Senator Dietrich, of Nebraska. The series will conclude -with a joint de bate in which Senator Stone, of Missouri and Senator Burton, of Kansas, will be oDuouents. Tho question will be, "Re solved. That Purity In Less Monstrous Than National Shame." NOTE AND COMMENT. Evil communications corrupt good manners." but nothing like the way threatened communications corrupt good Generals. Will the g. h. see his shadow today? Dr. Irvine has forgiven Bishop Talbot. he says, and will take no further pro ceedings In either the civil or the ecclesi astical courts, thereby avoiding scandal to the church. Apparently Dr. Irvine looked after he leaped. How They Built a Home. Nit by O. S. Marsden in Success. They did without food. They dressed In gunny sacks. They euchred the gas meter. They won prizes' at progressive hearts. They short-changed the pedlars. They killed all book'agents. They spanked the kids with a shingle and saved their slippers. They didn't pay the contractor. Again the "decisive battle of the cam paign is imminent" in Manchuria. Another postofflce safe has been blown," this time in Vancouver. It's a wonder no postmaster thinks of making his safe secure by sticking a stamp over the lock. A picture of a Russian Grand Duke shows a fine collection of medals with a face attached. Andrew Lane discusses at length the gravo question, "was Joan of Arc a Blonde?" He seems inclined to believe the heroine was dark Instead of fair. Twenty-nine women were married by Hoch, according to the latest discoveries of the Chicago police. What a list of precedents the man must have been able to cite, when he had a dispute with Twenty-eight or Twenty-nine. "Each of my other 27 wives used to get up and light the lire, my dear," or. "Of the 28 wives I had before you. only one wanted hat that cost moro than 51.65." Although May Irwin refused to grace Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish's entertainment. newspaper-reports indicate that the affair was nevertheless "pulled off." A number of chorus girls from, the Casino took part in the performance, and for them Mrs, Fish had provided champagne and ciga rettes, the traditional fare of the chorus girl. But the girls shouted for ice cream and cake, it appears, much to the dis tress of the Fish retainers. However, this was apparently the only hitch In the per formance, so that It Is safe to say an elegant time was had by all present. A monument has been erected on the spot where the German Emperor killed his fifty thousandth pheasant. Peace hath her victories. Railroad companies are kicking because 'Uncle Tom" companies lit up private cars to carry a large number of stowa ways. Players accustomed to double In brass, we -suppose, find no ? trouble about doubling In berths. In a Harlem police court It has been dis closed that a man gave his wife 15 cents a day for her food, and on that allowance she and her 2-year-old baby lived for 12 months. Then the baby began to require more food, so the woman complained to the court, and her husband was ordered to provide steaks, vegetables, fruit and dessert dally or be locked up. On the 15-ccnt allowance the woman had lived on oatmeal, potatoes, bread, tea. and twice a week a little of some cheap meat. It is a testimonial to the benefits of the simple life that she looked thoroughly healthy- after a year of such fare, and If a few groaning dyspeptics were compelled to have the same expense limit they would probably experience a wonderful cure. Two French operatic singers engaged in a spirited flght on the stage recently dur ing a performance of "Faust." The basso was jealous of tho tenor, and the green eyed dingbat led him to smite the tenor good one over tho cocoanut with property sword. Other members of tho company suspended the opera and piled in to prevent bloodshed, greatly to the disappointment of tho audience, wo do not doubt. It is but a few days since Eames slapped the face of a German sin gcr In the Metropolitan Opera-House, thanking God she "wasn't a Dutchwoman or words to that effect These incidents suggest a simple method of making grand opera popular with the masses. Let tho singers be encouraged In their jealousies and when they scrap, let there be no In terfcrence by tho rest of the company Then oicarly every performance will bo diversified by a hair-and-tocnail s,crap and thousands of the plain people with no car for anything beyond "Only a Bird in Glided Cage" will flock to "Parsifal.1 or whatever vehicle is chosen for the ex hlbition of the fighters. And lovers of music would also And It entertaining to hear, for Instance, "Carmen" being sung while two bullfighters in the corner tried to kick each other into submission. If man could any longer be surprised by anything woman may do. he would think it strango to note that yesterday's cold wind made the Portland girl wrao furs around her neck until she was half sraothcrcd, while she wore stockings about as heavy as a cobweb. WEX. J.' General Nogl's Speech. Japanese Officer in Leslie's Monthly. To command the men who are bent on accomplishing the Impossible, men cling lng to tho shell holes and rugged rents of rocks on the hillsides of Port Arthur. with their lunch baskets empty and their canteens dry. who Know the meaning that men live not on bread alone. In a way very few Christians have understood men who draw their nourishment and strength from the world of the spirits to command theje men. their respect and their worship, you need , of necessity be something greater than a mere human, General Nogl seems very happily suited for this high mission, more sacred, It may be than that of a pope or a prieet As a matter of fact, the men under General Nogi not only worship him but love him. The General Is one of the very rare shrines In these civilized days in which dwell the ancient spirit and tradi tions of the samurai. Once upon a time he said: "A soldier, is a soldier, after all, and aftcc a man becomes a soldier he must be perfectly willing to lead a life that le somewhat different from the life of an ordinary man in society. It is Impossible for hlra to enjoy liberty and wealth such as so many of his fellow men seem to enjoy. ... I refer to this point more especially because of a simple fact namely, that the soldier who would per form his duties with credit on a battle field must, of necessity, have trained him self to perform all that Is expected of him In the days of peace. Thorc ought not to be any neglect or any defects in hl$ daily life. The conqueror of him self in time of peace must lie a man If he would aspire to the honor, with any right, of being a fighting man under the sun-flag.' SHORT STUDIES OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS AUSTRIA - By arrangement with N O OTHER country In the world has Austria-Hungary. Its population Is a hodge-podge of Germans, Poles, Mag- ars, Jews. Roumanians, Czechs. Serfs, Italians. Croats of every people, in fact, of Eastern Europe. The Germans are more numerous than any other people, but they are less than one- third of the whole Austrian popula tion. It has been necessary, at the opening of the Austrian Relchsrath, to administer the oath in as many as eight languages. The Magyars are more numerous In Hungary than men of any other race, but less than half the people of Hungary are Magyars. The Czechs, who predominate in Bohe mia and Moravia, are the only people who have a majority in any of tho numerous divisions of this discordant realm; and Bohemia and Moravia have been practically absorbed into Austria. To the confusion of tongues is added a confusion worse confounded of politi cal aims and aspirations. The irre pressible Magyar longing for complete national freedom is incompatible with the German desire to keep Hungary under the Austrian yoke. Bohemia chafes because Austria will not grant her the large share of self-government which she has granted Hungary. The other peoples of Hungary are in con stant turmoil because the capable Magyars almost completely deny them any share in tho Hungarian govern ment. The peculiarities and complexi ties of the dual monarchy explain the peculiarities and complexities of its system of government, as well as of its incessant and bitter political strug gles. The constitution which was granted by Emperor Francis Joseph in 186 4 gives but two of the divisions of his dominions a leading: share in the na tional government Austria and Hun gary. The minor subdivisions of the country are all appendages of one or the other pf these major divisions. The principal tie by which Austria and Hungary are held together Is their common chief executive, who bears the title of "Emperor of Austria, King or Bohemia, etc.. and Apostolic King of Hungary." In constitutional theory. and for the most part in practice, tha country or rather of the countries his ministers being merely his advisers and agents, and the Legislature merely assenting to the laws of which he Is the maker. To help him carry on the common business of his kingdom the Emperor has three ministers a Minister of Foreign Affairs, a Minister of War and a Minister of Finance. The Minister of Foreign Affairs is the head of the dip lomatic service and also looks after the two kingdoms' commercial and shipping interests abroad. Tho Min ister of War has oversight of the com mon army, provision for the support of which is made by the Austrian and Hungarian Legislatures acting separ ately. The Minister of Finance pre pares the joint budget, apportioning the expenses of the joint administration. raises the quotas which tho two Par liaments grant him. expends the joint funds and administers the common debt. Tha common customs revenues are applied to the joint expenses, and tVuatria and Hungary defray, in the proportion of 66 and 34 per cent, the expenses which these revenues are In sufficient to meet. As aggressive Hun gary has at present more Influence over the joint affairs of the two king doms than Austria, It has been wittily said that Hungary reaps 66 per cent of the benefits of the union, whilo Austria pays 66 per cent of the bills. The pollt HOW THE LUXURIOUS LIVE. A Story of the Squad Who "Summer" at Newport. Cleveland Moffett In Success. A general Impression of the cost and complexity of a quiet Newport establish ment may bo obtained by glancing over the following specimen payroll: rwvnnittinn salary. Special chef from Paris ? 5.000 Second chef J.-w Private secretary to the lacy. j.uw Private tutor 2,000 Governessi -- 1.000 Two nursea HcS Housekeeper - i00 Five maids X-W Head coachman 1.-00 Second and third coachmen 1.200 Chauffeur 1.000 Butler w Second butler" Head gardener l.ow Four helpers Total ?23,S00 Nearly 525,000 a year for help alone, and I am not speaking now of ttie richest families, whose payroll would be much larger. Some famous chef, for instance, like "Joseph," whom the Vanderbllts brought over, would receive 510,000 a year. And we know what a steam yacht costs! And a stud farm! So summing up the year for one of our multi-millionaires, we may set down the main items, thus: Yearly estimate. Running expenses of house In New port and New York, with wages apd salaries to. say. 25 people, with food, wine etc., but no special entertain ing ; $ 30,000 Expenses of entertaining, brilliant balls, dinners, fetea, flowers, etc... 30,000 Steam yacht - 50.000 Kxpenses of stable and stud farm, with wages of,( say. SO men 40,000 Grounds, greenhouses, gardens, with wages of, say. 20 men 20.000 Expenses of two other places, say at Palm Beach and in the Adirondacks. 20. CO) Clothes for husband and wife, daugh ters and younger children 20.000 Pocket money for husband wife, daugh ters and younger children 50.000 Automobiles 10.000 Traveling expenses, with private cars, special suites on steamers, at hotels, etc. 10.000 Total - 530O.OO0J' Three hundred thousand dollars a year without counting gifts and charities, doc tors and trained nurses, new horses and automobiles, new furnlturo and jewelry, pet dogs with fur-trimmed coats, talking dolls in lace dresses at $100 each, and numberless other things, not to omit va rious follies, possibly gambling with thou sands of dollars risked by the women at "bridge" and tens of thousands by the men at faro, roulette and baccarat. Panama. Home of the Dove-Plant, Holy Ghost Flower. Amanda T. Jones In Century. A -"What time the Lord drew back thr -ea And gave thee room, slight Panama, "1 will not have thee great." said he. "But thou shall bear the slender key Ot both the gates I bullded nwr. And all the great shall comr to thee For leave to pass, O Panama!" (Flower ot tha Holy Ghost, white dove. . Breathe sweetness where he wrought In love.) His oceans call across the land: "How long, how long, fair Panama. Wilt thou the shock of tldc withstand. Nor heed us sobbing by the strand? Set wide tby gates on cither hand. That we may search through saltless ?and May clasp and kiss. O Panama!" (Flower of the deep-embosomed dove. So should his mighty nations Iovo.) Out-peal his holy temple-clocks It Is thine hour, glad Panama, Now shall thy key undo the locks; The strong ahall cleave thy sunken rocks: Swung loose and floating from thIr dook?. The world's white fleets ahall cofhe in flocks To tread thy straltF, O Panama! (Flower of t,he tropic, snowy dov. Forbid, unless they come lu love.) How beautiful is thy demesne! Search out thy wealth, proud Panama: Thy gold, thy pearls of silver sheen. Thy fruitful palms, thy thiekets green: Load thou the ships that ride between; Attire thee aa becomes a. queen: The great ones greet these. Panama! 5 (Flower of the white and peaceful dove, " J-ct all men 03 Ju come In love.) - . HUNGARY the Chicago Tribune. leal union between the two countries Is permanent, but the fiscal union Is renewable at periods of 10 years. It as called the ausglelch. The most marked peculiarity of the dual government is that It has no Leg islature. The functions, of a Legisla ture are performed partially, and only partially, by the "delegations," which are committees of the Austrian Relchs rath and the Hungarian Diet. Each delegation 'has 60 members. 40 of whom are elected by the lower house and 20 by the upper house of the Legislature which tney represent. The two dele gations meet at the same time and at the same place, one year at the Aus trian capital. Vienna, and the next at the Hungarian capital. Buda-Pesth. but they usually sit separately. They pass upon the annual joint budget, superintend the common administra tion, and may call the common minis ters of the dual monarchy to account for abuse of power or failure of duty. It the delegations are unable to agree concerning any business, after having communicated with each other In writing three times, they meet to gether, and, without discussion, settle the matter by a joint majority vote. The lunperor is assisted in the per formance of his duties as chief executive of Austria by a Ministry having seven members and presided over by a Minis ter President. A law enacted in 1S67 made the Ministers responsible to the Relchs rath In other words, required them to resign when that body condemned their policies but little attention has been paid to this law in practice. The Relchsrath, as the Austrian Par liament is named, consists of two houses, the House of Lords (Herrenhaus) and the House of Representatives (Abgeord netenhaus). The House of Lords was composed In 1902 of 17 princes of the blood royal, ten archbishops, eight bishops, .68 nobles having hereditary seats and large estates, and 137 life members, appointed by the Emperor In recognition of special services to science, art, the church, or the state. Tho House of Representatives Is composed fo 425 members, elected for a term of six years by five classes of peo ple and representing all the 16 provinces of Austria. Tho consent of tho chambera Is necessary to treaties affecting the country's trade, as well as to legislation. Financial and military measures must originate. In tho lower house- Parties in the chambers are divided mainly on racial lines, and their efforts are com monly directed, not to securing the adop tion of broad and definite policies, but to getting control of the legislative ma chinery for this or that race or group of races. There can, of course, be no true parliamentary government in a coun try whero such a condition exists. Large powers are reserved in Austria to the landtags, tho legislatures of tho various provinces. Besides the joint Ministry of the dual monarchy and the Ministry of Austria, tho Empcror-KIng has still a third Min istry, that of Hungary. The Hungarian Ministry hs nine members, at whose head stands the Minister President. Unlike the Austrian Ministers, the Hungarian Ministers must resign when they can not command a majority of tho king dom's Parliament. The Magyars have, in fact, shown a far greater capacity for self-government than any other people ln Austria-Hungary. Fear of the great neighboring powers and the personality of the good Emperor. Francis Joseph, are all that now hold the miscellaneous and antagonistic races and nationalities of Austria-Hungary to gether. Francis Joseph is 74 years old and can hardly reign much longer. There will be no occasion for surprise if his death is followed by the disruption of his empire. S. O. D. ODD BITS OF NORTHWEST LIIJE. Not Always. Walla Walla Union. A blackboard at a churchdoor announces 'Wages o Sin Welcome." Maybe so. Tom Miller's Quiet Tastes. Saginaw Corr. Cottage Grove Leader. Tom Miller says that Cottago Grove la too lively a place for him and that he would rather stay in Saginaw. Fortunate Propinquity of Hobos. Saginaw Corr. Cottage Grove Leader. Aden Miller went to the Grove Saturday on horseback and cn the road home got his horse In a ditch and had to hire a couple of hobos to get the horse out. Czar Should Employ Experts. Morro Corr. Wasco News. We would advise the Emperor of Rus slt to employ a delegation of Oregon poli ticians from Salem to draft a form of government that would meet the wishes of his people Great Money In Onions. Amity Advance. J. W. Gaunt, a farmer residing about four miles from North Yamhill, is report ed to have sold 27,000 pounds of onions last week at an average price ot $2J0 per hun dred. The onions were grown on lesa than two acres of ground and the yield Is said to have been less than half the usual crop. Just think of the opportunities whero less than two acres of land will produce $567 worth of onions, and only a half crop at thatl OUT OF THE GINGER JAR. Clara Did he propose to you before or after he kissed you? Maud I can't tell. During the excitement I forgot ail tho details. Life. "Eld you ever try any of our whisky.. Judge?" asked the dealer. "No." replied, tha Judge, "but I tried a man today who had." Tonkers , Statesman. Peggy Tom says ho loves me so much that he could die for me. Aunt Jane Tom would do anything to escape work. New Tork Press. Tommy I can io count up to flv on my fingers, can't I. ma? Ma Yes. Tommy, but don't brag. I saw a little boy no older than you today who could count np to fifty; Tom my Geo whiz! Where did he get all them Angers? Philadelphia Press. "How is your daughter progressing in the study of languages?" "Beautifully, answered Mrs. Cumrox. "Has" she a good foreign ac cent?" "Yes. her teacher says that she speaks German with a French accent and French with a German accent." Washington Star. i suppose." said tho plain person, "you are often deceived by apparently deserving objects of charity whom you quietly help." "Y.s. Indeed." replied tho great philanthropist. "It's ' just like throwing money away. The very people you think will advertise you moi. never say a word about it." Catholic Stan.iard and Times. ' "Really, now." said the diner to the waiter, "right down In your heart, don't you believe this tipping system is all wrong?" "Indeed, I do," replied the waiter with feeling; "that fellow at the next table to mino has made $2 today; and I've only made 20 cents." Yonkers Statesman. "Yes," said the city editor, with a noto of regret in his "Voice, 'Twas sorry to discharge Spacer. He was the best Are reporter, we had. The trouble came last week. He wrote an obituary of Van Sandt Sapleigh and ended up by saying The loss was fully cov ered by Insurance' " Puck. "Did you hear how McDipp was hazed last night?" asked the first freshman: "the sophs put him through a terriblo ordeal." "What did they do to him?" asked the second fresh man. "They 4burst Into his room." said tho flrt 'freshman, "and took all hio cigarette away from hlra." Cleveland Leader. Tom I saw Slickcly the other day, and he was looking exceedingly prosperous. Dick If you sec him again tell hlra I'm out of town. Tom What for? Dick He once confided to me that the only time he er pretended to .be a swell dresser was when ate was broke and oat borrowing moneyDclroit Free Tress.