THE MOHXEJG OBEGONIAN, TUESDAY, . IXNUAB-Y . 31, 1905.
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the early part of the lut century, are off their opportunities In this -.direction: market for all such articles one would
necessary now on this new phase of ac
tion under the Constitution. Upon
subjects where a constitution Is vague.
as such ceseraJ Instrument must often
be, specific powers must be read Into it
by statute and by judicial Interpreta
tion. President Roosevelt tloes not put
the statement in this form, but it Is
kapMed In his argument
What be stands for. on this subject.
ret we hold them od. for booty, our- I have thought the legitimate profits on
selves. It is shameful. It can't last- I on enormous capital mlgnt nae con
tented them. Not so.- The possibilities
of the old. rhyme fascinated them
That they .should -take ttho hare the power
And they ahould keep irho can.
The tool they have worked with has
They should have and must have the
benefit of the' free movement of their
products into the United States. If we
deny them this we- have no right to
hold them.
Moreover- It Is a false nretense on I been unlawful preference on the rail
which their products are excluded. I roads. Take this away, and competl-
Thelr sugar and rice and tobacco are I tlon can have play TilUthis Is effect-
is proper supervision and regulation of not produced In quantities sufficient to ually done, nothing Is done. True, their
corporate actlrlty by the Government, cu Prices in the United States. And If capital Is immense, but this can be du-
aot violent and Ill-advised interference; th' were, would cheaper sugar, rice plicated. Their management of busl-
for "neither this people nor any other nd tobacco be calamities to'the mass ness is astute, capable, sharp. They
free people will permanently tolerate ( our consumers? The real question, have no monopoly there. The hand of
tfc f th -at tw- onfrrd bv I nowever, is one 01 justice to tne if mi- every siocianan in ever
ippincs ana oc our ODiigaiions 01 nonor
to ourselves.
vast wealth, and especially by wealth
la Its corporate form, without lodging
somewhere in the Government the still
higher power of seeing that this power.
In addition to being used in the inter
est of the individual or individuals pos
sessing it. is also used for. aad not
against, the interests of the people as a
whole. This is the keynote of the pres
ent speech. If the Constitution as it
now stands will not authorize this If
such shall be the Judicial interpreta
tionthen the Constitution wIM have to
be amended to meet so imperative a
need.
That the people of the Uaked States
a vast majority ef them stand with
President Itoosevelt on this prlnlple.
The Oregonlan does net doubt. No one
indeed can reasonably doubt it. when
be thinks of the vote of last November.
ASKING FOR 18S.
In thin hustling age and' country It is
a difficult matter for a man to catch the
public attention, even when he sets out
with the deliberate Intention of doing
so. The energetic Thomas w. Lawson.
of Boston, had to conduct a prolonged
campaign before his rhetorical antics
became the cynosure of everybody's
eyes, and when such a hustler as the
foe of the mysterious "System" cannot
bound Into prominence It Is evident
that something decidedly unusual Is
necessary to bring the spotlight of pub
lic attention upon a man.
Dennis Mulvahlll, who used to shovel
coal Into the furnace of a factory, was
some time ago elected Mayor of Bridge-
state is
against those wno have levied unholy
tribute. The dealer In every state who
would fain do an, honest business by
buying and selling at fair prices in open
market he longs for independence" as
of old. The great public of the United
States knows that it has been robbed
under forms of law. It rejoices that
the Supreme Court has taken a long
step toward giving "It relief. It looks
on to the release of the railroads from
the domination of the beer. trust as
that which will set free traffic rolling
from one side of the continent to the
other.
fHM'fJLlCP. TUESDAY. J AX. XI. Ifi2.
THE GCXKJCAL. MVUtEtCXTY.
If there Is to be a constitution! con
vention, Ks work must be and wMt be
stitanitted to the pope, for their ap- !
jsreral The asserttea that the product 1
&i such convention, the constltutios
fnuced by it, would be proclaimed as
the law of the state, without having
feeen first submitted ut the popular
Tote Is groundless The principle is
ur system, that when a eeastilutloi? is
framed the rote of the electors for Ka
( acceptance or rejeotios ust be take.
Ss universal. No oligarchy eas make
atyd .proclaim a. een4ituUen for a free
m'JtXe. No eHgarcby will attempt it.
It is as evenly balanced argument
whether at this time there should be a
coastitstiena! convention, er sec
Abuses have grown up under the pres
ent system which never win be eer
rected, never can be correeted. while
the cesctltuUoa remaJas as k Is. Agaia.
is stitsy particulars, a eosstiiuiioB
made for conditions of fifty years ac
it obsolete. Partner, there Is lack of
power in the cid cenrtitutSen to deal
1th many sew question which have
grown c-gt ef the development of mod-e-n
times. OsJy through a eoastitu
rfeaal convestioc east these new wants
and conditions be met.
Os the ether hacd, there s a. rooted
ard Immovable eeaaervatfem. that
dreads asd reUts aH change, that is
rrAteat with the prevent and wW have
innovation. Between these feree
lies the drbir far andagaiact a eenstl
tstiesai cosventien
Os ese point The Oregeai shim ex
pre a positive epiaios. It nmat say
that if there is to be a coaxtittuie&ai
convention ajf the delegates ought to be
-elected by the people, and bo part of
the delegate ese-thlrd or any other
rrerortiOB beu!d be xwmed by she
Justices wf the Sspreme Court or by any
ether authority er tribunal Formation
asd adepfJes ef a eeastltsCJer is iwkia
tlv and referendum is the greatest and
broadest and tMost pot racial It
the erlgSaal initiative ad referr-
d jjb; and though there may be d4ne
about it h minor matters, there never
can be in this svprrme act ef the ov
erelgaty ef the peoptc
Hence therefore, tho- persons who
ay that let order to ve Initiative and
rrferesdam the propofal to hold a earn
stitutleMt eosveotlea at be voted
dews talk abasrdiy- A eenstitBtional
convention is initiative, asd the vote to
be taks cfOB its resuk is refereadum.
fa rorh treding initiative aad ref
ereadesB Ssds Ks erigiaal, highest aad
most complete expressioa.
No ceastitutiOB is mvrr "premlgat
ed without hart ex been Srst ubak
:4 to the people. Ne eoastitutioa evor
JVhT KOK rLASN" HTATEMKNTS.
Is K tolerable that one should wear
the garb ef the gospel who wears no
honesty? Here again is our Reverend
Doctor. Brother Edgar P. HIM, declar
ing that the people were not deceived
as to the meaning of the Mquor law
miscalled local option adopted by the
popular vote last June, aad taking a
fling at The Oreconian for saying they
were.
That there was fraud la this business
and a system of deceit net very well
suited, let it be admitted, to the char
acter of holy men, is a truth that does
not depend oa the word of The Ore
goaian. but on that of the participant
themselves, who between June and No
vember quarreled over the Intent of the
law aad the purpose of the "combine"
that, through deceit and fraud, had
carried it The newspapers not three
months age were fuH of their acrimoni
ous dissensions, of their charges and
counter charges. It was admitted that
the prohibitionist had framed the law.
and the iocal-optlea elemeat made the
air heavy aad blue wkh asseverations
that there had beea bad faith in it
fraud, trickery -and deceit. This ele
ment, that had furaMied the great ma
jority of the votes, eoafesed that they
had been deceived, cheated and fooled;
and when it eame to forcing the vote in
November for application of the law,
they protested and roared, declared
they had not so understood the bill,
aad had beea completely misled aad
tricked into voting for k.
Heaee the aggregate vote, which had
given a majority for this tricky law
m June, wms heaviiy against the prohi
bition feature which there was an at
tempt to enforce aader it through the
vote of November. Now. since this
holy apostolic fraud is well understood,
it would be beatea overwhelmingly if
submitted again to the popular vote.
And these people know H. Let the vote
come, one way or another.
Our good Brother UMt. with his sanc
timonious safer, drrlares lhAt "to say
that the true meaning of the law was
not known throughout the elate is to
confess thai one at least of our news
papers Is aet widely read." The Ore
goalaa never has been able to stem
tides of deception, fraud aad folly, at
oaee. It has wrought many years
agalast various crazes. tHt K could
make Oregon understand. But this
particular fraud, decek and folly is
aow
who fathered k are aow in aa agony
of fe&r lest k should again be submit
ted to a vote of the people
What is needed Is the conversion of
this fraudulent act iato . genuine and
hoaest local-option law. Aad this will
be done though not with the approval
of thoie who perpetrated the deception,
or ef their dls&embttng apologists Mke
Brother HM4.
The plan of loaning state funds to the
banks Is not likely to be popular with
the people. If the banks need the
money, that is sufficient reason why
they should not be trusted with it. If
th wnnt t nlnnn out tft others there
Pri. uonn. e nas given mat cny a a 8lIll stronger reason why their de
strlotly "business administration, but ,hlMIM' not h granted. If the neo-
that has not done much to attract to are to torfaw state moneyT let It,
junkine eea or a wiuer pumic man tne De afrecty from the state and not
"""i nowever, iuc wuuer Ihmnph th honks. If thora. IaMnoneV
stoker and present Mayor has done In treasury which cannotbe lcMfhad
soroeining mat cans tortn a startiea ,tnnn tntA ciiHtv let the State
Land Board loan It to school districts
under the act passed by the last Legis
lature. In these times, when money Is
In demand, and the rate of Interest
charged by the state Is only 6 per cent,
there would seem to be no reason what
ever why there should be any Idle
money In the funds from which loans
are made. As for the general fund.
from which the expenses of the state
are paid, there should not be for any
considerable length of time any con
slderable amount of money that could
be loaned. Shortly after the receipt of
annual tax payments, there will be
quite a sum of money in the treasury.
but unless the tax levy Is too high, this
amount will not be available for loans
for a length of time that would make It
an object to any bank ' In first-class
financial condition.
gasp from seasoned politicians and
hard-headed men of business. Recent
ly the Legislature raised the salary of
the Mayor from J1C00 to 3000. Mulva
hlll has requested that It be reduced to
the former figures.
It Is unnecessary to comment upon
the startling nature of this action, its
revolutionary principle, or Its extraor
dinary effect upon other officeholders in
Connecticut. "The Mayor's job is
easy," says Mulvahlll. "I never had so
easy a job in my life before. I can
earn $1000 less with the same amount
of work." Of course, ew will agree
that it is easier to be a Mayor than a
fireman. The two occupations are not
to, be compared, cannot be compared,
being of altogether different natures.
But every one will agree that Mulva
hlll is Hkely to be a good fireman and a
good Mayor and a good man In any
Job that he may take. In the midst of
all that is being said and written about
graft In these days, it Is refreshing to
to come across one man who doesn't
want more than he thinks he earns,
however freakish his action appears to
the legislators who offered him more
money It Is but seldom that the Mulva
hllls exhibit their honesty In a manner
that attracts the public attention .o
strongly, but It Is consoling to reflect
that they are scattered through the
country In sufficient numbers to keep
graft from striking deep Into the Nation.
HKEI" TKt'bT IIBOKKX?
The Supreme Court of the United
States made short work yesterday of
the eontentlon of the beef trust that,
their headquarters being In Chicago,
their purchases and sales were made
from the Chicago office; therefore they
were not Interstate traders, and not
amenable to the Federal law against
combinations in restraint of trade. The
trust had the audacity to make this de
fense, although, when assailed In the
state courts, they had denied their jur
isdiction. The next proposition of the
Government was that a sequence or
combination of acts, each separately
taken, being lawful, could be proved so
aa In the end to demonstrate an unlaw-
Flghtlng along the Hun and Shakhe
Rivers does not necessarily indicate
that an Important battle such as that
of Llaoyang will "be joined by the op
posing forces.AThe conditions which
have kept the armies Inactive so long
still prevail, and thVpeace of "Winter
is not likely to be disturbed by any
creat battle iust now. . Furthermore,
Kuropatkln will hardly choose a mo
mcnt of uch anxiety regarding the
conditions at home to take the aggres
slve. "With a feeling of Insecurity about
the railroad service and the prompt
forwarding of supplies a General would
need Napoleonic daring to risk a de
clslve forward movement, and Kuro
patkln hitherto has displayed quail
ties of an entirely different character.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The California. Arrow is 'notr the "only
high-flyer in the state.
An impassioned ode to "Brorao-seUrer,
twin brother to the booxe." appears In the
Seattle Argus."
George Edwardea. the London" musical
comedy man. has been telling New York
reporters why members of the peerage
marry chorus girls. He says that to win
stage beauty, surrounded by admirers.
Is so difficult that the excitement of ri
al ry attracts the lordllngs. This is- a
novel view of the matter, and upsets our
idea that the young peers married the
girls they saw most of.
- "The -Darllng-of the Gods" and of the
parquet.
None of those bills for the protection of
fish; in the water and out of it, has a
word about a close season for canned
salmon. Representative Kuney should
amend his bill.
"Whenever aa orator declares that words
fall him, look out for a fresh avalanche of
them.
The Milwaukee "Wisconsin refers to a
windstorm as a "boreal lashing."
An admirable Crichton of the other sex
has been discovered by the Pilot Rock
Record. This Umatilla girl Is "rosy
cheeked, vivacious and would rather work
than pose as a model -for an artist." She
Is also musical. Lately circumstances
threw all the cares of a boarding-house
upon her shoulders. The girl did the cook
ing, meals were served on time, with
home-made cakes and pies, "fit for the
gods," and "wash day found her with
sleeves rolled up and as handsome as a
Princess." Besides, this pearl of Uma
tilla didn't miss a single music lesson. The
Record, In return for a year's subscription
In advance will reveal the girl's name to
any respectable young man with a good
sized bank account and a kind disposition.
Certainly the Record's editor is a good
press agent, and It will probably be some
time before a better story comes from an
other county.
Portland's highwaymen stick to old
methods, and refuse to drop the sudden
sandbag for jiu-jitsu.
Men appear""w be adopting the custom
of being photographed holding a pipe,
probably to show that they've got some
thing In their hands, even If there's noth
ing in their heads.
An English schoolboy recently defined
"etc." as "a sign used to make believe
you know more than you do," and any
one who remembers writing school essays
will recognize the truth of the definition.
It is very annoying to the man of senti
ment to reflect that tho soothing touch of
a loved hand doesn't do the fevered brow
half so much good as a hot towel slapped
on by a loquacious barber.
SHORT STUDIES OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
: SWITZERLAND
By ttiuftment with tha Chicago Tribune.
HE government of Switzerland Is to 1 157 members, whose terms- is. three years
1 students of political Jnstltutlons, and
especially to American students, one of
the most Interesting governments in the
world. Like the United States, Switz
erland Is a federal, constitutional republic
It Is composed of 1? cantons and six half
cantons.. The cantons of Switzerland, like
the states of the American Nation, were
formerly held together by weak and flim
sy articles of confederation. Following
the example of the American States, the
Swiss cantons In IMS formed a more per
fect union by adopting a constitution
which gave the federal government sov
ereign control over all matters, in which
the cantons had a common interest, and
at the same time reserved to the cantons
authority over all matters which had
merelr a local or cantonal Importance.
But the men who made the Swiss consti
tution In 1S4S and those who revised it In
1S74 did not. slavishly Imitate the constitution-makers
of the United States. "While
the government they made resembles In
many respects the Government of this
country. In many particulars It differs
from It. and the particulars In which the
Swiss government differs from the Amer
ican Government are even more interest
ing to Americans than are the features in
which the two governments are auKe.
Associated Press dispatches from SU
Petersburg attribute a report that
Father Gopon is a. Jew to the invention
of the police department, which Is de
slrous of creating. a prejudice against
this popular leader. That such a report
has been current In other circles Is
shown by a letter written to the New
York Sun last week by a Russian of
New York. The writer declared Gopon
to be a Jew. and showed the extraordi
nary credulity of the Russian mind by
adding that the priest's object was not
Apropos . of Dr. Brougher's sermon on
"If I "Were a Millionaire," H. "W. Decker
recalls the following verses:
"If I had a million dollars." a good man said
one dar.
"My tvih xrouid b to scatter good cheer along
the war;
If I had a million dollars. I would say good
bye to care.
And every night some clad one would name
me In his orayer."
One day, by stroke of fortune, the dream he
dreamed came true;
They brought him a million dollars from an
uncle he never knew
What of the soblc Impulse the good man had
before?
He wore himself out trying to make it a mil
lion more.
George "Wallace Williams should have
engaged Hallie Ermlnle Rives to Inter
pret his feelings on reaching the top of
Council Crest.
Trmrlv the overthrow of the despotism.
wHI understood, aad the persons ful conspiracy. The trust set up that ut the establishment of a Jewish re-
jtiKnci: to thk riuurrtXEti.
We are told that Senators aad Repre
a4attves from the beet-sugar states
are determined to prevent the passage
ef any bill Intended to reduce the duty
oa Phtiippine sugar, aad In this fight
they wm have the co-operatiOB of dele
gations from South era States which
! are interested aMke la the cane-sugar
wj'l h The attempt to forte such eoa- ' tobacco Industrie. The prospects
titatioa would he dacaaed from the j are that the beet-sugar mea will win
tart There is a lot of ehMdith-fooHsh ' et
prepte ia the day. Some are igaor- , No in fart it is very Questionable
art Some are dasaoaeM The admix- whether the free introduction of the
"are i a had eomblaetioa Yet it ia ugar product of the Philippine into
really iaeeaelvble that one hould be ' the fatted States would at ait affect
frLH'h ax a a to uppoe that aay j priee here. Free sugar from the Ha
onstitatSee eoaM be "promulgated waMaa Islands did not. Yet our sugar
without haviag first beea submHted to J ciates fought that prupoJ fiercely, on
" he electors. No eesstKuua under our 1 the aumptlea that R would. The
by the combination of lawful acts an
Intent to create and operate an unlaw
ful conspiracy could not be maintained.
Justice Holmes delivered the Judg
ment of the court. It holds that the
scheme as a whole Is within reach of
the law; that the several acts are
bound together as parts of a single
plan, aad that this plan may make the
parts unlawful; that Its effect on com
merce among the states is not accident,
secondary, remote, or merely probable.
So the beef trust, hi carrying on the
business as shown, lies under the ban
of the law. The Supreme Court has
spoken In terms which all can under
stand. Let us recall what kind of an
aggregation this beef trust Is. It is the
apparent hand of the National Packing
Company, of New Jersey, formed In
March. 1903. with a capital of $15,000,-
000.
public.
The St. Paul & Tacoma Lumbzr
Company, of which Senator Foster Is
the principal stockholder, declared a 15
per cent dividend on a capitalization
of 51,500,000 for last year's business.
The dimensions ofthis dividend hardly
warrant the contention of some of the
"Washington lumbermen that nothing
but a "40-cent rate" on lumber to the
East stands between them and bank
ruptcy. Railroad business has been
good for the past year, but it Is doubt
ful about there being any 15 per cent
dividends on the lines that are asked to
cut the lumber rate.
Not the least Interesting thing about
the Russian popular movement is the
Bvmnathv it excites In other countries.
Ia this, six, of the smaller compa- Demonstrations in favor of the strikers
)tean ever preaMa'cated or ever
wf:, he prosaaigated. uatM K Sot ha
been approved by the popular vote.
Thea K 1M b '"promulgated' by the
proper aathorKy Let h have tome
modicum of iateiktgeaoe aad common
whole product of the PhltipplBes. Joined
to that ef Hawaii, would go but a little
way towards supplying our vast mar
ket- We Import 1,509,000 teas of sugar a
year, chiefly from Cuba. The Philip
pine product would not oroate a flutter
la the market. Moreover, the great
' sugar trust would take it up. aad
TKE risXlJUJELTJClA hrxxcil. j prle to consumers would be aa lower.
Fan of hKeXertuaJ vigor Presideat ! Em aW better prices to
RDOrek deMvers d4scres on a I"1" arvd workers la the PhW
ert of suhjeets. He always prepares PPe: idi. are entitled
thesa, tee. for he says aothisg toooa- ' ar MA ,G
oldermteiy Aad rtaee the weekdays do I lhe American firf. and should
r afford htm epportuaiiy eoough. he aeK compelled to pajr taxes or sub
sititiM Soaday for de? of robbery for the privilege ef de-
oas er lecture- last Sunday is the ! business with the Lalted States. It
Lutheran Church at Whagiea. Last bowever. that there 1 vast
night he appeared at the Uaioa League. : Pbty ef production In the Philip
j PMlad4ph4a, We have Ms speeoh ia , PB- hUmately their sujw
fuB thi morning t P ef sugar wl AM -our market aad
The text was the fortuities of the P "" " Producers out of
ieagtfr. to upheld the hands of Abra- , busiRW. The fact, however, probably
ham Llfiooln. whea he stood a the ' consumption in the
great leader is the struggle for uaioa j taied States, whee more sugar now
aadldberty. From this the Presi- , s consumed than among any equal
dest peseed os to ooasideraties of PPkU4ea a the globe, wIU more than
the srohlems of today oa the Keep pace wius imrreue oi proaucuon
principle which Liaoela appMed to
the problem of his time. Conditions
c-haage. iaotdeau vary: bat the prie
i4ple of the highest rrgrd (or Nattoaal
vctl-feeifig is paramount. At this time
the main 4uestioa of geserai eeaera
oris from the mighty develepmeat of
ladastrialacm asd seeecsicy ef lnreae
la the Mperrisiea exercised by the
Govcrameat nr hasiae eaterprises.
The states, with their ttmiicd sover
eignty, caaaet deal aiese with this
problem. Intervention by the United
tateL therefore, m aeeersory From
of sugar, both In the Philippines and at
home
Cub Is oar great source of sugar
supply. Annexation of Cuba would give
u free sugar la quantities sufficient to
affect our market. Nothing else would.
Yet if Cuba should offer herself to the
States, a tremendous fight
( Vsled
weald be made against her. by various
protected Interests In aH parts of our
country -
Siaee the PhMippiae Islands are terri
tory of the United Slates, we are bound
by every oensidenUlen ef right, by
nles were merged. But under the same
control are operated Armour &. Co., of
Chicago, with 520.000.000; Swift & Co.. of
Chloago, with $35,000,000 of stock and
(5.000,000 of bonds, and half a dozen
smaller concerns with 16,000,000 or
J7.000.000 more. A few millions more of
unseen origin do not count In the fig
ures among which we are moving.
By avoiding an apparent blending of
all these concerns In one. doubtless the
astute men who thought out the plan
of working Intended to avoid the ap
pearance of evil. Still, their nets have
now disclosed the plan for the world to
admire. This is what they did. not In
isolated instances, but in the regular
course of dally business, and each of
which acts they describe as harmless
in the eye of the law:
They arranged a scale of discrimi
nating .rates with the railroads and
forced the roads to become parties to It,
which put competition out of sight.
They pooled these unlawful profits.
They made uniform prices for their
goods and enforced acceptance of these
prices from their customers, and for
bade the slightest variation of the cus
tomers' terms and credits under severe
penalties. Their prices they depressed
at any point in their whole territory
below a living point to kill out competi
tion. This being effected, they raised
prices at their own sweet wllL So
much for their sales. Now for their
purchases:
Selecting some distant market point
open to large shipments of stock there,
they raised the prices above market
rates and held them there until the
entire locality was excited to make
shipments to that point. Suddenly low
ering prices, they compelled the luck
less stockman to sell to them or to hold
their stock unsold. Not a state, hardly
a county, in the Middle and the Pacific
West hut has felt the weight of their
hand. They owned the refrigerator-car
and the revolutionaries are occurring
In most European countries, tending to
show that the outbreaks In Russia are
not sporadic manifestations of a tern
porary discontent, but the outcome of
a deepseated feeling .which Is at last
having Its effect.
The number' of killed and wounded
at "Warsaw, Poland, during Sunday
night was 160. "Outdoor life In the city
here Is at a complete standstill," say
the dispatches. However, the grave
yards seem to be doing a lively busi
ness.
The United States Supreme Court
showed unaccountable want of consld
eratlon for Mr. Armour's feelings by
declining to take the beef trust's word
for It, that It Is not a trust.
A reward has been" offered by a Chi
cago man for Information concerning
the whereabouts of John D. Rockefel
ler. Ida Tarbell and Thomas "W. Law-
son please take note.
Now that LaFollette is to be Sena
tor, a waiting world is puzzled to know
what "Wisconsin will do for a Governor.
Slightly Personal.
Needy Corr. Aurora Borealis.
Last Sunday Flora was seen walk
ing east, then north, then west, but
still dldn t see Frank. She was last
seen going south toward home, a little
excited.
Charley Konschak wears a sad look
since "Dear Emma is gone.
What's the matter, Henry, you don'
make any more trips to Union lately
Did you get the mitten down there, or
is there a superior attraction in eedy7
L S -was a visitor at the Zlon
Church last Sunday evening. After
services he escorted little May home.
As little May can easily walk under
his arm It Is natural to suppose that
Mr. L S got several mittens before
lines, and either forbade the use-of J he finally got down to something like
them to any competitor, or compelled I his own size.
the railroads to collect for them ruln-
gesenJ warrsxt is the CeastKutloa to ever' obUgatiea ef decency and honor, ous toBs.
reruixt ceasaaere between the states
power 3i derived for actios by
lie Federal Ceertaarst iBierprfU.--loca
sathfMW delivered by
3f us c Federal po cr. la
to extend te inern tree lacmues oi
trade with us. We have no right to
held them if we are to continue to op
pren them. We -are not permitting
Atl-tR-H--de with others, we have cuL j
Considering that they owned or con
trolled both the manufacture and ale
On Sunday last a certain young man
escorted two young ladles home from
singing at Zlon. one on each arm, and
both of whom are his seniors In years.
One of them was another man's girl
of all the side or waste products of the at that- What does it mean? Does he-j
nackinc-houses in the combine which I intend to become a Mormon? The
gave them the deciding voice in every I negbbors ar going- to Investigate,
The federal executive of Switzerland Is
strikingly different from that of the Unl
ted States. The Chief Executive of the
United States Is the President- The chief
executive of Switzerland Is the Federal
Council (Bundesrath). The Federal Coun
cil has seven members, who are electee
for a term of three years by the two
houses of the Legislature sitting Jointly
as a Federal Assembly. It has a Presi
dent and a "Vice-President, who are cho
sen by the Federal Assembly, but the
Council's President Is merely Its chair
man. He has no more influence on public
aiiairs than any other member of the
Council and -4a' nt-no sense the effective
head of the governrqentr Inth'eory and
practice Switzerland has seven chief ex
ecutives. While the Council is elected for
only three years, it is the practice of the
Federal Assembly to keep useful men at
the head of the government as long as
they will stay. Some prominent members
of the Council have served on It more
titan 15 years, and one member has served
more than 30 years. New members are
usually chosen from the Federal Legisla
ture, They must then resign their places
as Legislators, but they have the right
to speak in either house at'any time.
The Federal Council Is never a partisan
body. All the leading parties are usually
represented upon It- Neither Its Presi
dent nor Its Vice-President can hold his
office two successive terms, nor can both
be chosen from the same canton. The
Federal Council exercises much influence
upon legislation, and It Is a supreme
court of appeal In certain cases involving
constitutional questions. But, of course.
Its principal duties are such as pertain to
the executive In all governments those,
viz.. of enforcing the laws of the nation
dealing with foreign powers, directing the
movements of troops, etc For adminis
trative purposes the 'Council acts as a
cabinet, each member being head of an
executive department, but it is not, as a
cabinet, responsible to the Legislature
Its members do not have to resign when
they cannot command a majority for their
measures in that body.
The Federal Assembly consists of the
Council of States (StanJerath) and the
National Council (Nationalrath). The
Council of States resembles the Amer
ican Senate In being composed of two
members from each of the 22 cantons
or rather of two members from each
of the 19 whole cantons and one from
each of the six half cantons. But Instead
of being all elected by the Legislatures of
the various- divisions of the country for
eaual terms, as In the united States, tney
are chosen In aomc cantons by the Legis
latures. In 3f7me by popular vote. In some
for one year, in others for two. three, or
four. Thchational council Is composed of
and who are elected In almost exactly .the
same way and from the same kind of dis
tricts as representatives in the American
Congress. The two houses have the same
power, constitutionally and in practice.
and they have been well described as "the
supreme, the directing organ of the con-
fere da tion. While their legislative pow
ers are restricted by the initiative and
referendum provision's of the constitution.
they, nevertheless, exeaclse a more com
plete authority over all the affairs of gov-
ment than any legislative body in the
world, except possibly the French Cham
ber of Deputies. No treaty can be made,
no war declared, no hostilities of more
than three weeks carried on without their
consent. They control the federal finances.
No executive departments can be. organ
ized or reorganized without their consent,
They hear appeals from the decisions ot
both the federal council and the courts.
With the concurrence of a majority ot
the people they revise the constitution.
Perhaps the most interertlng provisions
of the Swiss constitution arc those which
enable the people directly to control re
visions ot the constitution ana even orai-
nary legislation. It the two hou5e3 can
agree on a revision they pass It sitting
separately, as they would pass a law, and
submit it to the people. If one bouse
wants a revision and the other house op
poses It. or If 50,000 qualified voters peti
tion for it, the question whether there
shall be a revision must be submitted to
popular vote. If a majority ot the peo
ple favor a revision, new houses are elect
ed, and meeting jointly, undertake the
work. In any event, the amendments
which the-Legislature favors must be sub
mitted to the people, and must be voted
for by a majority of the registered, quali
fied voters of the whole country, and al
by a majority of the cantons, before they
can be adopted. The petition of the peo
ple for revision is called 'initiative," and
the reference of the amendments to them
for final action Is called "referendum"
words which have had a wide currency in
American political writings in recent
years. Practically all laws passed by tho
Swiss federal Legislature must also be
stlbmlttedto the people If 30.000 voters pe
tition for'their submission. Initiative and
referendum laws exist in almost all the
canton? as well aa in the confederation.
The Initiative has not -been much used.
but the referendum is frequently em
ployed. Neither has conferred any
marked benefits on the country. The first
use made of the Initiative In the confed
eration was tq aim a blow at the Jewt3h
religion, and In the populous and wealthy
cantons of Zurich and Berne It has been
employed to repeal much needed compul
sory vaccination laws. The referendum
likewise has thus far proved rather an
Instrument of reaction than of progress.
It has not even served to quicken the peo
ple's Interest In public affairs. In 1S59
there were T38.2S7 qualified voters in the
country, of whom pnly 363.662 voted.
The Swiss federal government cannot
maintain a standing army. Only the can
tons can have troops in time ot peace,
and they cannot have more than 300 each.
The Swiss government, like that of Ger
many, and unlike that of the United
States, does not have special courts to
construe and special officials to execute
Its laws In every part of the nation, but
intrusts much of the executive and Judi
cial business of the federation to officials
of the cantons. This is especially true of
judicial business. The cantons choose
their judges and fix their qualifications
as they please, and their courts are courts
of first resort for almost all cases. Ap
peals may, however, be taken in Impor
tant cases. Involving questions ot either
public or private- law. to the federal
court. This court is composed of nine
judges, who are elected by the federal as
sembly for a term of three years. Cases
Involving rights or duties of federal gov
ernment or Its officials "administrative
canes." as they are usually called are
tried by the federal council, from which
appeal lies to the federal assembly.
S. O. D.
FRANCE'S SEW PREMIER.
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Much !( i known in this country of
Paraguay is about to "reorganize her RouvIer. whose pre-eminence as the Treas-
flnances." The less of anything some urer 0- the National Revenues is almost
people have, the more time they spend as universally recognized In France, even
discussing it. by his foes, as Is the superiority of Del-
casse In the rolo of Foreign .Minister, rte
Pictures of soldiers at the library! Oh. I has reDeatedly been at the head of the De-
thls accursed Imperialism and Its twin partment of Finance, has now been in
trusted as Premier with the task of recon
structing the Combes administration, and
Is a man of the most striking individual-
Hp began life as a drummer for a book
seller, who sold on the installment plan
books of the kind given as prizes to lads
in the Lycee schools. Subsequently he en-
Eastern magazines are so attractive that 205,0. wn0 3 established at
we have almost resolved to visit the -.rmo -,, nrari in the Russian
grain trade. Rouviers business took him
to Constantinople. Odessa. Smyrna, Alex
andria and to other Mediterranean ports,
the travel serving to broaden his views;
and. having acquired some wealth by spec-
demon of militarism!
Great Britain and Nicaragua will get
together on the turtle-fishing dispute. In
the meantime we content ourselves with
the mock variety.
Some of the Lewis and Clark ads in the
ODD BITS OF NORTHWEST LIFE.
Stewe Bad.
Needy Corr. Aurora Borealis.
August Stewe had the misfortune of
getting his nose bruised Sunday while
playing ball.
Disastrous Unroplng of a Cow.
Goldendale Sentinel.
Fred Chamberlln got his ankle badly
twisted the other day while taking a
rope from a cow he had roped.
The Mistake One-Coon Made.
Woodburn Independent. -Coons
are getting thick around Hub
bard. One day last week one coon was
killed right in the dooryard of a man's
place near this city.
Fair.
Docs "couple" the married kind de
mand a plural or a singular verb. A Kan
sas paper recently referred to a couple
as "it, tnus settling tne quesuon ior uiauon, ne in iooa wram " cn.i.C4...
itself. In the latest issuo of the New politics and devoted all his energiesto se
York Sun we notice a different treatment curing the election of Gambetta as Parlia
A story reads: "There was a wandering meniaryMrepresCntatiVe CUy
couple at the Tenderloin station on Sat- For ha wag reWarded. on the fall of
urday, and at the City Han on Sunday, j the empire m 1ST0, by being appointed Sec-
trying to get married, mnaps tnese are retary-General of the prefecture 01 me
thev " How would it be to say: "Per- DeDartment of the B'ouches du Rhone.
haps these are It?" Referred to the Gar- The following year he himself wa3 elected
field Literary and Debating Society. to the unamDer or xepuues.
Smith dropped Into a saloon yesterday dlnary and brilliant woman who afterward
t "lust onn drink." became nis nrst we. una who "I
" 0 I . 1 ai . U .tl Tlalflan nPTn
H1.n thnt was eon he nromntlv or- rae repnaeuw f.-ju r""0 .
dered another.
Thought you were only going to drink
one,""remarked a friend.
paper, the Independence Bela-e, in Paris,
more particularly as regaraing poimcai
and social features of French metropol
itan life. She was the natural daughter
That's all," said Smith. "I'm treating 0f the famous sculptor Cadiot. Her mother
my cold this time." 1 disappeared when she was scarcely z years
1 oia, ana irom mm umc imui uuuu
The evidence appears conclusive that ncoa spent In the vicious atmosphere
Blanche Bates had a shoe-lace unfastened
yesterday.
Again the fair land of Poland is blood
bespattered. Says the Rev. D. S. Toy: "Salvation Is
of her father's studio. At lo she became
deeply Infatuated with the celebrated Abbe
Constant, one of the most eloquent and
learned priests of the age, and In 1830 he
abandoned the church In order to marry
her, his apostacy creating a tremendous
sensaUon at the time. 01 course tne ex
going to spank Portland." First call for abbe was excommunicated, and thereupon
a shingle In your pants.
WEX. J.
Will Surprise Everybody.
Eugene Register.
The big Exposition at Portland Is going
to surprise the world. It Is growing in
extent and public Interest every day. Al
ready every department gives promise of
being crowded, and the whole state is
flooded with letters ot Inquiry and urgent
calls for literature. All that remains to
be done is for Oregon to awake to Its
golden opportunity In making hundreds
of thousands of horaeseekers fully ac
quainted with the state's vast and varied
resources before they leave for Portland
to see the Fair and look up permanent lo
cation within our borders. Are Eugene
and Lane County doing their part In this
matter?
Increase in Price of Mules. K
Fulton Gazette.
In 1S43 the father of Jacob Maddox. of
McCrecIe township, who has grown gray
In the business of baying mule colts. In
vested In a bunch of colts that cost J15
round, and they were sold In the following I
Spring at Just about 1 year old for an
average of $33. In 1837 a lot of colts pur
,, xt -nxt an average of S73: in 1S93 the
price paid was $41; In 1S37 the bunch
averaged $7; In 1SS6 they cost $30; in 1K
averaged $33, and In ISM cost $102 apiece.
assumed the name of Ellpha3 Levi and (be
came the friend of Blanqui and of Felix
Pyat, the Communist leaders. Some years
after her marriage she departed from the
man who had sacrificed his brilliant pros
pects in the church for her sake, and be
came, thanks to the tuition of Pradler. a
very talented sculptress.
Batuschka.
T. B. Aldrich.
(By permission Houghton. Mifflin & Co.)
From yonder gilded minaret
Beside the steel-blue Neva st
I faintly catch, from time to time.
The sweet, aerial midnight chime,
'God save the Czar!"
Above the ravelins and the moats
Of the white citadel It floats;
And men in dunceons far beneath
listen, and pray, and gnash their teeth
"Go'd save the Czar!"
The soft reiterations sweep
' Across the horror of their sleep.
As If some demon in his glee
"Were mocking at their misery
God save the Czar V '
In his red palace over there.
'Wakeful, he needs must hear the prayer.
Wmnf from his children's aconles?
"God save the Czar!"
Father they called him from of old
Batuschka! How his heart la cold!
Walt till a million scourxed men
Rise tn their awful might, and then
God sav the Czar!
Yes,. Just a Jeu d'Esprit.
Aberdeen Bulletin.
The story that Senator Mitchell will
Introduce a bill in Congress abolish
ing the grand jury system Is probably
a mere Oregonlan jeu d'esprit.
Kinks in Horseflesh.
Airlie- Cor. Dallas Itemizer.
Dorsey Turner's team ran away a
few days ago, one was killed and the
other's neck was badly kinked. They
had on a set of novelty harness and
ran against a pear tree.
Fire Fiend Visits Heppner.
Heppner Times.
The peace and dignity of the city
was suddenly broKen last Monday-
morning about 10:30, when the horri
ble peals of the fire bell sent the fire
boys and hose carts down the street on
the double quick.
Mr. Spates Held On to His Supper.
Pasco Express.
Sunday night J. E. Spates threw up
his hands at the command of two foot
pads, and was mad enough to throw
up his supper, although they did not
succeed in getting anything from him
except a- cussing.
Perquisites of a Senator-Elect.
Tacoma Ledger.
Senator-elect Piles held an Informal
reception at the close of the session,
and was showered with the congratu
lations of his friends. An amusing In
cident connected with his levee was
the gallant manner in which he ac
acknowledged the congratulations of
the ladies: he kissed them all. old and
young alike, and the men In the crowd
cheered again and again.
Wanted, a Mdde! Wife.
Chinook Corr. Ilwaco Journal.
Louie Hauffe will join his two
houses, moving one across tho street.
If they are large enough for two per
sons he Intends to get married, but he
wants a woman who can talk, nothing
but Dutch, and who cannot understand
a word of English. Then she will be
able to keep out of trouble, and not be
worried by people telling funny stories
about him when he Is out of town.
The Smiles Are Mutual.
Wlnlock Pilot.
Mr. Andrew Gubser, of this city, hon
ored the managing editor ot the Pilot
with a pleasant call on Tuesday of
this week and renewed his subscrip
tion to the Pilot and Oregonlan. Such
always produces a smile on the edi
tor's face and he still has hopes of be
ing laid to rest in a coffin other than
the cheap pine one which we described
in an Issue a few weeks ago.