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Eterd't the Postofflce at Portland. Or,
-ax aecond-clas matter.
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yOKTXAND, TUBED AX, JAN. 10. 1095.
, CASE OF THE BEEF TRUST.
TbeHSeef trust, in, its argument before
the Supreme Court of the United States,
mff.Vm the surprising statement that it
is not engaged in Interstate business.
The facts are that it fcuys livestock in
every state in be West, transports it
to Chicago, turns it into finished prod
uct, and sells It throughout the United
States. T-ie contention of the trust is,
of oourse, entirely technical. The point
it seeks, to make is that all its busi
ness ia done in Chicago, -all its pay
ments made in Chicago, all its sales
effected in Chicago, and every other
phase of its enormous transactions
conducted entirely at that point If
this is true, then, of course, no inter
state rueinesB is done tby any concern
whatever, 'except such common carriers
as railroad and -telegraph companies.
It is not true in act It Is incredible
that it can be made legally true by any
tortuous Judicial interpretation of the
law.
The beef trust is made up of Swift,
Armour and other great packers of the
country. It does not deny that a com
bination exists between them, but it
Rays in effect that it is entirely for
purposes of legitimate mutual protec
tion and for the proper distribution of
their products. But the United States
Government, after a most searching in
vestigation, concluded that the combi
nation has for its primary purpose the
control of prices, both buying end sell
ing, and is, therefore, in restraint of
trade; so President Hoosevelt on April
12, 1902, ordered a prosecution. A month
later a petition for an injunction
based on the Sherman anti-trust law
vae flled1 in the United States Circuit
Court in Chicago, the defendants being
Swift, Armour and other packers.
Judge Grosecup issued a temporary in
junction on May SO, 1902, forbidding the
packers to combine. The packers filed
a -demurrer on August 4 attacking the
petition for an injunction purely on
technical grounds. On February 18,
1M3, Judge Grosscup overruled the de
murrer and made the injunction perma
nent Thereupon the packers appealed,
and it is this appeal that is now pend
ing in the United States Supreme Court.
The packers make an assignment of
twenty-one errors, for one and all of
;whJch. they claim Judge Grosscup is re
sponsible In issuing the injunction at
It Is somewhat remarkable that in
the brilliant and: exhaustive response
of Attorney-General Moody to the ar
gument of fne trust attorney be almost
entirely ignores the technical aspects of
the case and goes directly into its mer
its. The Attorney-General charges di
rectly that the packers conspire to bring
about congestion of the meat supply at
given (points in order to break the mar
ket, thus reducing the price; that they
colluslvcly restrict and curtail ship
ments of meats to vartous markets
throughout the country; that among
themselves they agree upon certain
sales prices and permit no deviation
therefrom, except under penalty: that
they suppress competition among
themselves by refusal to deviate from
certain fixed terms of credit to any cus
tomer, and that terms of cartage are
uniform. This constitutes the entire
case against the meat trust, and its
basis in truth not to be disputed, even
by the trust itself. The oppressions of
the trust, its absolute domination of
the market, and its take-lt-or-leave-lt
attitude are costly facts known to
every stockraiser "who has a steer or a
sheep or a hog to sell, and to every
dealer who wants to buy either refrig
erated or cured or canned meats.
The attack on the beef trust is made
upon the initiative of President Roose
velt. It Is part of his general plan to
give, as he calls it. every man a fair
chance to do the best he can -with his
own. To that end the ' President
brought the coal barons of Pennsyl
vania to terms; he broke up the North
ern Securities merger, and now he has
the beef trust on the rack. The lines
upon "which the President proposes to
complete his work of efficient Federal
control of corporations may be found in
the large space given in his recent
message to Congress on all those ques
tions where the relations of capital and
labor are involved. For example, he
makes dear recommendations for leg
islation upon the following:
Abolishment of the railroad rebate system.
Federal control of the business of Interstate
Incerasc-
Power of Interstate Commerce Co mm teflon
to be enlarged so as to control railroad rates.
Stringent employers' liability law to be en
acted
nailroad accidents to be prevented by in
stallation of the block cystero.
No more comprehensive programme
was ever outlined by any President. If
we may Judge as to what may bV ac
complished by "wRat has been accom
plished It will appear to be certain that
he .Roosevelt Administration will do
much ajong the line of seeing that
every American citizen gets his due
from the corporations and that the cor
porations set their due from all Amer
ican citizens.
A HARD JPXOBLEM.
Corporations hitherto, as creatures of
state authoriiy, have been exclusively
under state control In theory at
least, but to limited extent in fact; for
the states have not been disposed to
regulate them fully, nor have they
been able to do so. The courts of the
United States have been appealed to
constantly to protect the rights and in
terests of corporations organized in one
state and doing business in others; but
there has been no national legislation
to cover these cases, and regulation of
corporations has made very little prog
cess. Difficulties are presented in our
dual system of government not easy to
deal with. Congress, it is supposed,
may enact laws for regulation of cor
porations engaged In Interstate com
merce that is, to regulate the trans
port of goods made' in dne state and
sold into another, but not for regula
tion. of their manufacture in any state.
The powers of the states for regulation
of corporations therefore 1b limited, and
the power of the United States is lim
ited snaking the subject one of ex
treme -difficulty to deal with.
Practically, all great corporations are
engaged in interstate- business. It Is
suggested that all such be required by
act of Congress to take out license.
The New York Times objects that "af
ter the license system had gone into
effect no state could give a charter to a
corporation that would be worth a no
tary's fee. No state-made corporation
could engage in business until It had
taken out a Federal license. No exist
ing corporation doing business under a
state charter could continue its opera
tions until it had' complied with the re
quirement of the license law. And that
is by no means the whole revolution
ary extent of this proposed- reform.
The corporation laws of the states
would be expunged from their statute
books. The states would be compelled
to create corporations only for such
purposes and upon such terms and con
ditions as the President, through his
appointees, or Congress by its laws,
might define and declare licensable.
Every existing corporation charter
would be necessarily subject to recall
for amendment in compliance with the
Federal mandate."
This perhaps is not overstated. But
what then? The Instant thought is
that the demands of industry and com
merce, grown to proportions not Imag
ined by the founders of our constltu
tlonal system, may force modification
of it. "Would the states, in order that
corporations might be brought under
full control of government and law.
consent to relinquish powers hitherto
so largely their own? They who stickle
for state sovereignty say this conces
slon would be nothing less than state
suicide. A problem of such magnitude
and consequence is not to be worked
out quickly. But it is certain that the
power to say at Washington that a
commodity manufactured In one state
shall not pass from It into another
until the -corporation manufacturing it
or transporting It shall have complied
with regulations laid down at Washing
ton and taken out license therefor
would transfer from the states to the
General Government the body and sub
stance of the corporation-making or
charter-giving power.
IRRIGATION.
Among many -subjects for the consid
eration of the legislature, irrigation
stands in front rank. It is to be the
determining factor to many who are
looking to Oregon as a future resi
dence. It is the one agent which is to
open possibly one-fourth of the total
area of the state to prosperity far
ahead of .what may be expected with
out its beneficent effects. In view of
the prices asked for improved farms
elsewhere, the purchase of small areas
of irrigated land gives to the new
comer with small means, the best op
portunity in sight for establishing a
home. .Only a few weeks ago the ar
rival of thirty wagons in one day from
one of the Middle States by the long
disused .wagon trails was reported from
one of the Central Oregon irrigable
districts. During -the whole season Just
past settlers have been pouring In
certainly in small groups, but sure in
dications of the flood to follow.
The varieties of methods possible in
the several parts of the irrigable field
are so great that the necessity of the
fullest light and of the best expert
opinion before undertaking to legislate
is obvious. Great rivers, like the Des
chutes, fed the year round by springs
of immense sizs and volume pouring
out from orifices in the eastern slopes
of the Cascade Mountains; under
ground water courses, mysteriously
supplied, filling the beds of smaller
streams; lakes of various sizes, with
small inlets and no apparent outlets;
wide areas of seemingly arid lands,
yet with abundant water available
within easy pumping distance from the
surface; neighboring ranches of small
size, to be supplied from small sources
in the surrounding hills; wide stretches
of open, rolling country, which, if
water-fed, will give homes for thou
sands these are some of the condi
tions to be met.
It is to be regretted that the results
attained by the commission which has
since the last Legislature been consid
ering the whole subject have been post
poned in publication until now. when
the members of both houses at Salem
are already crowded with bills and
projects of legislation, and when there
Is not time for instructed public opin
ion to be brought to bear. In the sum
mary of the commission's report Just
published, and embodied in the bill op
code they propose to submit, the vari
ety of topics forbids discussion at
length. On the propriety of certain
polntB most persons will probably
agree. The constitution of a state
water board consisting of the Governor,
Attorney"-General and State Engineer
Is one point. Whether so highly qual
ified and responsible an officer as this
State Engineer can be obtained for the
salary of $2400 a year; and whether his
office can be organized to cover the
ground proposed, for the cost named in
the bill, will surely be seriously de
bated at Salem; and whether the bill
In Its protection of the rights qf the
landowner, and of existing irrigation
enterprises, is an Improvement over
the laws of 1SS1 and 1893 is a question
yet to be decided. The declaration of
the public 'rights over the lakes,
streams and springs of the state meth
ods for claiming, improving and devel
oping the use of water for. irrigation,
for mining, electrical, public, semi
public and municipal purposes, with
rights of eminent domain and whatever
attaches to such rights all these are
provided for in the 1S91 and 1S93 acts.
So that careful, comparison is neces
sary throughout to determine how far
the new proposed code is a desirable
substitution for or addition to legisla
tion already In force.
FALSEHOODS ABOUT THE 2IVER.
The Seattle Times, under glaring
headlines on the first page of its Satur
day edition, prints an alleged Portland
special which says that the shipping of
this port is seriously threatened by the
failure of holding up of the river and
harbor bill, and that
This means that the Willamette and Colum
bia will become between Portland and the a
shoal water, as they do after the June freshet
every year, and with no work being: done to
keep the channel clear, none but the lightest
draft ships will be able to navigate these
waters. All navlgaUon of importance will be
cut off.
Failure to pass a river and harbor bill
wonldto an extent Injure every produc
er in the Columbia Basin. The engineers
have perfected plans for a system of
permanent Improvements for that won
derful stream and Its tributaries, and
these plans and the work already un
der way will be retarded by failure of
the appropriation bill to pass. There Is
not .a scintilla of fact on which the
Times can justify lta glaring headlines,
whjch stats that "Portland May Be Cut
Off From the Sea" and that "Unless
River and Harbor Bill Passes Naviga
tion Wdll Be Impossible."
For the information of the Times and
4ts "knocking" Portland correspondent.
It may be stated that Portland will
never be cut off from the sea, and that
navigation will never be impossible.
"When Portland was a struggling port
of less than 20,000 population she found
that vessels of twelve to fourteen foot
draft were being supplanted by larger
craft drawing sixteen to eighteen, and
even twenty, feet. More water was
needed in the river channel, and the
people of Portland and the transporta
tion companies raised some money'
themselves and received a little more
from the Government and deepened the
channel. This beginning has been
steadily followed up since that-UrrJ
wnenever the necessity arose, and the
money raised and expended by the Port
of Portland has shown better results
than any similar amount contributed
by the Government
There Is today a twenty-flve-foot
channel from Portland to the sea where
there were but fifteen feet when Port
land began working on. river Improve
ments. The population of Portland and
the territory tributary to this port Is
six times as large as It was when we
began transforming that fifteen-foot
channel Into a twenty-flve-foot chan
nel. The work of adding another ten
feet to this depth, when it Is needed,
will be much less In comparison with
the Interests involved than has been
the task of securing the twenty-flve-
foot channel. It was Portland capital
that built the first portage around the
Cascades, and it has been Portland cap
ital and Influence that have brought
the open river from Xiewiston to the
sea much nearer to a reality than It
has ever been before.
Portland has a good channel and her
Port of Portland will maintain It from
this city to Astoria, but that vast re
gion east of the Cascade Mountains
which has so much at stake In the mat
ter cannot break the barriers at The
Dalles and Celilo without adequate ap
propriations. That Teglon is also deep
ly interested In the improvement on the
bar which will admit vessels of deepest
draft. The manner in which money has
been wasted by the Government in Its
dilly-dallying, shifty, uneconomical
policy of cutting down or withholding
appropriations wnen they were ur
gently needed has resulted In heavy
loss to all concerned In the Improve
ment, but Portland and the vast Co
lumbla Basin are rapidly becoming too
rich and powerful to permit this silly
method of handling our river improve
ments to continue forever. Meanwhile
10,000-ton freighters, the handiest and
most economical steamships in the
trans-Paclflc trade, come and go from
Portland to the sea without lighterage
and without delay, and navigation will
not "be Impossible" so long as the Port
of Portland continues to do business at
the old stand.
INDUSTRIAL CONQUEST NEXT.
. The fall of Port Arthur was followed
by a number of rush orders for lum
ber, provisions, forage, and other stores
on which this country is long and the
Far East is short. The demand from
the vicinity of the capitulated fort
was so urgent that immense quantities
of flour and provisions were hastily
dispatched from near-by Oriental. ports
to fill the demand pending the arrival
of direct shipments from this side of
the Pacific. These orders, and those
which -were rushed forward Just prior
to the opening of hostilities, show the
tremendous trade possibilities for this
country when the final peace settlement
Is made. Estimates made several weeks'
ago on the cost of the war placed the
figures In excess of 5500,000,000. All of
this vast sum Is practically waste that
must be made good as soon as possible
after the declaration of peace, and.
great as Its. proportions now seem, they
are small In comparison with the new
trade which will spring into existence
with the advent of a modern civiliza
tion In that benighted land.
It Is to the Pacific Coast ports -and
the North Pacific ports In particular
that this Immense trade must pay
tribute for many years at least until
the completion of the Panama Canal
places us In direct competition with the
Eastern and Southern ports of the Uni
ted States. Even when the canal is
completed, there are certain commodl
ties, such as flour, lumber, forage, fruit,
etc, in which no other portion of the
United States can compete with the
North Pacific ports. This trans-Paclflc
trade will give- employment to a large
number of steamers, with a frequency
of service that will bring the Far East
Into much closer communication with
the Far West than It has ever been be
fore. There may be no profitable field
for such mammoth floating warehouses
as the Minnesota and Dakota, which
require more time to load and dis
charge than is consumed by the more
economical 10,000-tonner in making the
round trip, but there will be a field for
much larger fleets of steamers better
adapted to the trade.
Portland, In spite of the fierce fight
for trade made by the Hill system on
the north and the Harrlman system on
the south, will reap large profits from
this trade, for the development of
which Portland exporters have been so
largely responsible. The greatest for
ests of standing timber to be found
anywhere on earth are in Oregon, and
in no other state In the Union has
there been such a small proportion of
the timber cut as here. Tributary to
Portland, and to no other ports, are
vast areas of agricultural land, de
veloped and undeveloped, from which
the returns now shewn are. but a f rac
tlea of what is pocolfcic under tfcs sore-
economical methods of modern farm
ers who are now coming into our state
in rapidly -increasing- numbers. No
matter which of the present contest
ants for supremacy in the Far East is
successful, Portland and other ports In
the Pacific Northwest will be the great
depots for the Immense quantities of
supplies that will be used in the re
construction period, and also In the
era of prosperity which is sure to fol
low the settlement of the present strife.
A cantankerous grand jury, that at
tacked Mayor Williams, a man of irre
proachable character, but sympathized
with vice and -excused it and exalted it.
when it came to the vagabonds of the
rockpUe, censured the bailiff, -who, in
pursuance of his duty, felt it necessary
to make these vagabonds realize that
they had no easy job, and that they
would better keep away from the rock-
pile. Which is the greater pest to so
ciety? A grand Jury like that, or the
vagabonds of the rockplle? The bailiff
who directed the rockplle gang did his
duty only perhaps he had too much of
the milk of the human kindness. It Is
just as we'l to teach that the vaga
bondage that leads- to the rockplle Is to
be avoided Sympathy with it,- through
a. perverse, cranxy ana Biuj-seni.i-mental
grand Jury, only increases, the
evils, addsto, the burdens of society,
makes the rockplle people feel that they
are injured creatures, multiplies the
numbers of sympathizers with them
and tends to spread vice and crime. It
is high time to get back to old first
principles, and to kick this modern
maudlin sentimentality to the devil.
It Is the duty and business of the man
to stand up. Nobody goes to the rock
plle unless he deserves It. Talk about
people being "unfortunate" who are on
the rockplle! The man who directs the
rockplle must be firm and stern. They
who don't like him may stay away
from the rockplle. A fool grand Jury
only multiplies vagabonds.
A. Ii. Mills, an excellent citizen of
tland, has been elected Speaker of
the rGrure of Representatives at Salem.
It is, TbeOregonlan thinks, a worthy
choice, and rtwkiek$ to see the proceed
ings of the House conducted with dig
nity, decorum and dispatch. The word
of Mr. Mills has been given freely to
his friends and associates that he is
Independent of any political entangle
ments or engagements that might In
any way trammel him. Yet all know
that the Portland machine alone pro
cured his election and Is also diligently
trying to elect Mr. Kuykendall. Ore
gon will await with much Interest an
nouncement of Speaker Mills' commit
tee appointments.
The Russian Is not without good
characteristics, but there are some as
pects of his nature that cannot be un
derstood -by Americans. The story told
by S. B. Trissell, an Associated Press
correspondent, of twelve Russian sur
geons abandoning 800 wounded men to
go on a drunken orgy in the City of
Niuchwang gives a glimpse of one of
these aspects. It would be Impossible
to find twelve American surgeons capa
ble of such conduct, but there appears
to be a vein of selfish brutality in the
Russian character that is very revolt
lng.
Rev. D. L. Rader, who is not un
known to fame because of his surpris
ing views of the morality of women, is
now worried because Portland' has
"conditions not favorable to the hold
ing of the 1S05 Exposition." Brother
Rader and the class he so peculiarly
represents have done very little for the
Exposition except to complain about
It If he can be persuaded to remain
silent during the Fair, It is quite likely
that visitors will go away with an ex
eel lent impression of JPortland and even
of such preachers.
In the daily grist of news Items It Is
rare to find one displaying with
greater effect the contrariness of hu
man nature than the dispatch telling of
a quarrel between Greek and Xatin
clergymen at Jerusalem. Assembled
at the Greek Christmas to celebrate the
birth of the Prince of Peace, these
churchmen got Into a fight, and over a
question of precedence, meek and lowly
men.
It should be known to the people of
Oregon that the great liquor interest of
the state Is endeavoring to organize the
Legislature. Naturally, It doesn't want
to be "hurt." It has secured the or
ganization of one branch, and is at
work on the other. The liquor Interest
Is a great interest, and feels that it is
entitled to consideration.
Negotiations with Persia concerning
an Indemnity for the murder of an
American missionary bring to light the
fact that the Persians hold sacred any
descendant of the Prophet, and con
sequently would not punish the mur
derer, who should be able to do a flour
ishing business in assassinations.
"To fight is an elemental principle of
nations, and without war none of us
would have been here today; therefore
war Is an abomination," Is In effect
Mr. C. E. S. Wood's argument for
peace. WelL let's all cheer up. None
of us will be here tomorrow.
Strikers In Baku are holding out for
$11.50 a month, but their employers
think the scale Is too high. Were It
not for the strike, one might conclude
that the Russian workman worked for"
the fun of laboring.
The spectacle of that well-known
Democrat, Joseph N. Teal, working a
Republican caucus at Salem Is enter
taining. But it is a constant habit of
Jo's to "butt in."
Massachusetts is endeavoring to .de
stroy the brown-tailed moth before It
gets 'a chance at General Miles uni
form. Japanese Mean Business.
Tacoma News.
The Oregonlan believes that no other
nation could have done at Port Arthur
what tho Jepanese have done, that no
other nation would have paid the terrible
price. Perhaps it'is time to wake up to
the fact that the Japanese mean busi
ness, and to keep our eyes open in any
transaction in which the Japanese enter.
The Japanese arc a great people, and
don't forget It
A Pupil's Progress.
Philadelphia Public Ledger.
"How do you like school?" asked a
father of bis little daughter, after her
first day.
"I like it awfully!" was the reply.
"And what did you learn today?" In
quired the Interested parent.
, "Oh. a lott" replied the little daughter.
"I've learned the names of all the boys."
0TE AND COMMENT. '
At last the teacher who v spanked
Theodore- Roosevelt when the Presi
dent was a boy has allowed himself
to be discovered by an Eastern news
paper. He must be the original Big
Stick man.
The anniversary of the Iroquois
Theater fire was marked .by a vaude
ville show In the building In which
nearly 600 persons lost their lives. One
act was described in hc bill as "mon
key business in .a Chinese laundry."
Chicago always shows a healthy, virile
disregard of puling sentiment.
Eugene Ware, according to the Em
poria Gazette, is fully entitled to the
office of "first citisen of Kansas." As
there is no salary attached to the of
fice it Is likely that the Gazettes' nomi
nee will bo unopposed.
Jlu Jltsu tells you how to tackle a
man-with a gun, but offers no improve
ment on the old plan of stopping a
bullet with the body.
A grim tragedy Is dally being enact
ed in thousands of homes, according to
an article published next to pure read
ing matter.
Quite a large, number of dashes were
needed by the grand Jury to Indicate
Manning's language in Its report.
Oregon game birds, should feel flat
tered over the vast, amount of atten
tlon devoted to the discussion of how
to kill them.
A Portland preacher told his congre
gation what he would do if he were a
woman, but omitted to state that in
such a case he would probably be at
home running a household Instead of
telling others how to do it.
The San Francisco Argonaut calls
the killing of three convicts at Folsom
a "delightful and refreshing- incident."
Germans last year consumed 110
gallons of beer per capita. The Irrlga
tlon problem has no terrors for Gcr
many.
A mascot has been presented to the
Fair by the stork. The publicity bu
reau has interested even the birds. It
appears.
Twelve Russian surgeons left 800
wounded soldiers In a field hospital
and had a drinking spree in Nlu
chwang. That was one way of giving
the absent treatment.
Stocks didn't fall when Port Arthur
did., but they have more opportunities
than the fortress.
Speaking of the North Sea inquiry.
what is It inquiring into?
A correspondent writes: Is there
anything in a name?
Horace Greeley McKinley. . -Stephen
A Douglas Puter.
Emma Abbott Watson.
Marie Antoinette Ware.
Franklin Pierce Mays.
Daniel Webster Tarpley.
Andrew Jackson (colored).
Slipshod walking U not confined to teachers.
It la a National evil, and ready-made shoes are
to blame. William II. Maxwell, Superintend
ent of Public School!, New York.
It certainly does take an educator to
talk tommyrot in its tommyrotest form
Alice Webb to the Rev. W. W. Coe.
who married Brodie S. Duke, says that
Duke showed no signs of mental dis
turbance, although he admitted that In
the excitement of the ceremony Duke
gave answers in the wrong place at
times. If every bridegroom that gets
mixed up with his responses Is to be
thrown into a sanitarium there will be
few free men but bachelors.
A writer In the Pittsburg Dispatch
notes that pugilists have -abandoned
the close-cropped style of wearing
their hair for long flowing locks, and
tells of a New York fighter who was
knocked out while brushing his hair
out of his eyes. The Skye-tcrrier style
Is a distinct advance upon the billiard-
ball style, and is an indication that our
worthy young gents of the ring are not
unconscious of higher things. We look
confidently for a timo when pugilistic
artists will shake perfume from their
curls in an old-gold ring, will salute
each other with gloves made of violet
powder sachets, and will refresh them
selves between the acts by gazing upon
reproductions of some inspiring Ma
donna.
A Yorkshire : woman writes in
Answers:
Often on a cold, damp afternoon, when walk
ing along the cliffs or on the seashore, my
heart has ached sadly to hear how full of
pain und how hoarse are the cries emitted
by the gulls, which, dripping wet. and evl
dently suffering from croup, rheumatism, sore
throat and blllache, fly Inland, their plumage
dripping wet, Tn vain endeavor to find warmth
and shelter. In my small way I have en
deavored to alleviate their sufferings b7 upend
ing a night on the beach, with a charcoal
Are round which gulls have fluttered all tnlght.
evidently appreciating the warmth and llgbj
It is Indeed mournful to think of the
sufferings of an unfortunate gull with
wet feet, toothache In Its feathers, or
a boil on its beak. The proposed shel
ters, which should hold a supply of
beef tea and hot rum. may alleviate the
anguish of the homeless birds, but we
submit that prevention Is better than
cure in this Instance. Why not estab
lish training schools for the young
gulls, and teach them at an Impres
sionable age that the damp sea should
be avoided and that no respectable gull
should be out late at night, unless well
wrapped up and with wool next to skin.
Tlie-adles Home Journal offers $1000
for the best design of a $3000 house
"for the comfortable home of a young
couple wltn one child and one serv
ant'' Apparently the design must In
clude stork-proof netting over the
doors, windows and chimneys, for
otherwise the family might overflow
the, house.
W EX. J.
A "Hot" Scotch.
Tit-Biu.
A distinguished Indian officer. Scotch
to the core, never lost an opportunity
of praising his countrymen. One even
ing at mess he had a large number of
guests, and had a magnificent speci
men of a Highland piper on duty behind
his chair. To draw attention to the
man's splendid appearance he turned
to him and said:
"What pairt of Scotland do 3'ou come
from, my roan?
With a punctilious salute, the reply
was:
TIpperary. ycr Honor."
It Looks That Way.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
-TV- TWMn avt Vio tm "acalnct tK
land-skinner every time." Oregon has al-
rcadv bad a hint of that hostility.
1
GREAT WOMEN OF MODERN TIMES
Maria Theresa.
-(By Arrangement with the Chicago Tribune.)
I and the King of Prussia are incompatible.
No consideration on earth shall induce me to
enter Into any engagement to which he is a
party. ... I have but two enemies whom.
I have to dread the King of Prussia and the
Turks. Saying of Maria Theresa.
Maria Theresa, in the secrecy of her Cabinet,
arranged those' great projects which he after
ward carried into execution ... ana a
woman accomplished designs worthy of a great
man. Frederick the Great.
ARIA THERESA, looked at from
all points, is perhaps, the great
est and most admirable Queen In his
tory. She had the imperious will of
Elizabeth without her avarice, frivol
ity and cruelty. She had the ambltton.
ability and beauty of Catherine the
Great without her licentiousness. She
had the simple, womanly virtues of
Anne with none of her stupidity. When
Maria Theresa came to the" throne of
Austria there was not $40,000 ' in the
public treasury, the state was enor
mously in oebt, it had an army of but
30,000 men, all of whom were clamorous
for their pay. the people of the capital
were dying, of starvation, the peasants
were In revolt, and the country was
threatened with" dismemberment by the
neighboring powers, Wheh she died.
after a reign of more than 40 years,
the finances of the state were In good
condition, it had a well-disciplined
army of 200,000 men, the people were
prosperous and contented, and. after
many years of almost Incessant war,
Austria was so strong there was more
danger of . her attacking her neighbors
than of her neighbors attacking her.
Maria Theresa began in girlhood to
show the qualities which afterward es
tablished her renown. When, she was
18 an attempt was made, for diplomatic
reasons, to arrange a marriage be
tween her and the Spanish Prince Car
los. But the handsome, self-willed
young woman had no mind to be a
-mere make weight In the politics of
Europe. She told her father, the Em
peror Charles VI, that she loved the
playmate of her childhood. Francis
Stephen, the young Duke of Lorraine,
and that, regardless of political con
sequences, she would marry no one
else. The old Emperor had to yield.
The next year Maria fiveresa and her
Duke married. Four years later
Charles VI died, and Maria Theresa, at
24 years of age, succeeded to the crown
of Auutrla. She was as little disposed
to be a figurehead in her government
as she had been before to be a diplo
matic make weight So near was she
to her confinement that she was not
admitted to her father's death cham
ber, but the day after his death she
sent for her chief minister on public
business. She never relaxed her hold
on the reins of state as long as she
lived. Duke Francis was for seme time
her chief minister; but he was denied
the title of King, and In affairs of state
was never allowed to be more than his
wife's principal servant
Scarce was Charles VI In his grave
when King Frederick of Prussia, the
Duke of Bavaria, backed by France.
the Elector of Saxony, the King of
Poland, and the King of Spain, each
laid claim to a part or the whole of
the young Queen's possessions. Fred
erick seized Silesia. The Duke of Ba
varia, aided by French troops, invaded
Austria and threatened its capital, Vi
enna. Duke Francis urged his wife to
buy Frederick's aid by letting him
keep Silesia. "I will never cede one
Inch of my territories to any claim
ant." vehemently replied the imperial
woman. "If all allies abandon me X
will throiv mvself noon mv subleota
and perish, if need be, in the defense
of Austrian" On March 13. 1741, ihe
gave birth to a son, afterward Emperor
Joseph II. As soon as she had par
tially recovered from her sickness she
hurried to Presburg and was, crowned
Queen of Hungary. The rebellious
Hungarian, nobles had given her father-
much trouble. Maria Theresa called
them together, appeared before them
with her babe In her arms and passion
ately adjured her "dear and faithful
BITS OF NORTHWEST LIFE.
Water Supply Runs Short.
Aberdeen Bulletin.
That his cows are melancholy over the
protracted rainfall Is the excuse given
by a local dairyman for the blue com
plexion of his milk. ,
Mr. Silvertooth Swears Off.
Antelope Herald.
F. W. Silvertooth. for many years en
gaged in the saloon business at this place,
closed his place on the last day of the old
year and has not since opened up for
business.
How to Make a Young Man Pretty.
Hillsboro Independent
We saw a young man tripping up the
street last Tuesday with a rosebud pinned
to the lapel of his coat, and it was a pret
ty sight for January.
Actors Who Double in Brass.
Prairie City Miner.
A dramatic production Is In contempla
tion in the councils of the brass band.
Entertainment of this character has been
entirely wanting this season, and If un
dertaken will receive unanimous support
Rare Chance to Have a Gay Time.
Boise News.
A rush of editors can be expected to
Boise this month. The City Council has
guaranteed $100 worth of entertainment
for the meeting of the Idaho Editorial
Association, and no one should overlook
an opportunity like that
Fresh Grapes In January.
Hood River Glacier.
Think of eating nice, fresh grapes on
New Tear's day. That is what the Gla
cier man was favored with, thanks to
good friends at The Dalles. J. P. Thorn
sen, of that city, expressed the Glacier
last Saturday a five-pound box of grapes
as fresh as lf-gathered from the vines.
Let the Girl Drive Hereafter.
Madras Pioneer.
Thomas M. Burden, of Agency Plain,
sprained his right arm severely last week
while handling a pair of spirited ponies.
He is unable to perform household duties
at present and Is In quest of a suit
able domestic Girls of the Plain; take
notice.
Rank Ingratitude.
Tukanon Correspondence Daytpn Chron
Icle.
- Joseph Broyles. being troubled with a
gentle heifer hanging around his barn.
turned her into his pasture, and after
diligent Inquiry succeeded in finding an
owner. The owner, feeling grateful to
warded Mr. Broyles for his kindness, re
warded him by telling the neighbors that
he believed Broyles was trying to get
away with the animal.
All Due to Malice.
Tacoma. News.
There ssems to be good reason for be
lieving that the grand Jury's indictment of
Judge Williams, the honorable Mayor of
Portland, was due to malice. Tho long
years of usefulness In municipal, state
I on JaMnnal nnlltfen
or tne venerapie
( Mayor ought to carry some weight in the
J mlnde of unprejudiced persona,
states of Hungary" to cosae.to her aid
with their "arras and long-tried valor."
Th delicacy of her appearance; . the
stirring sentiments . she. uttered,
touched and flred her hearers half
barbaric hearts. Shouts of "God save
the Queen! We will die for our sover
eign. Maria Theresa I" and tho loud
rattle and clangor of arms filled the
halt A powerful Hungarian army was
swiftly raised. England came to Maria
Theresa's assistance, and the French
and Bavarians were driven out of Aus
tria. Frederick the Great was. more
formidable and tenacious. His iron
grasp on Silesia could not be loosened.
The results of the- war were that Prus
sia got from Austria Silesia, Spain
Parma, Placenta, and Gustalla, and
Sardinia several districts of Milan,
while by the treaty of Aix la Chapello ,
Maria Theresa was recognized as
rightful monarch of Austria.
Maria Theresa had succeeded her
father. Emperor Charles VI. Only a3
ruler of the hereditary domains of. the
House of Hansburg. In 1745 her hus
band was ejected Emperor under the
title of Francis I. Her country s posi
tion In Europe was now far better than
at her succession. But Maria Theresa
could not live content while Frederick
kept her beautiful and beloved Silesia
She took advantage oC the peace to
raise and discipline an army of 108,
100 men. As she was about to break
with England, her old ally, she bent
her haughty snirit so must as to. cul
tivate the notorious Pompadour, mis
tress of Louis XV, and call her "our
dear friend and cousin." When Voltaire
had presented Pompadour's compli
ments to Frederick, the great King
had sneerlngly retorted: "I don't know
her, IT' This sneer and Marie The
resa's compliments cost Frederick and
gained for Austria the alliance of
France. In 1756 Frederick alspatched
a messenger to ask the meaning of
the large forces Maria Theresa was
assembling in Bohemia and MoraviR.
He received an evasive answer. He Im
mediately marched 60,000- men into
Saxony and ths seven years war. one
of tho bloodiest and most desperate in
history, began. Fredorlck was support
ed only by England. He was opposed
by Austria. France, Russia. Sweden
and several minor states. Maria The
resa was relentless and indomitable. It
repeatedly looked as if. in spite of all
his heroic efforts and great Victories
Frederick's kingdom would be wiped
out But Frederick was. greater in ad
vcrsjty than in prosperity. The treaty
of Hubertsburg. February 15. 1763. left
him still In possession of Silesia.
The next year Maria Theresa's hus
band. Emperor Francis I. died. For
several years he had pot been a factor
In public affairs. He had. In fact, so
far forgotten his royal dignity as to
engage In the mercantile and banking
business, and among his customers bad
been Frederick of Prussia, to whom he
had actually sold forage when the
Prussian King was at death grips with
his wife. Maria Theresa. The money
Francis thus made off- Frederick ho
loaned to his. wife not however,-without
good security. Maria Theresa had
16 children, one of whom was Joseph
II, who now succeeded his father as
Emperor. She seldom saw her offspring
more than once a week, but she wished
It believed she was the most attentive
of parents. She always contrived to
have, her brood about her when she
received distinguished visitors. When
the distinguished visitors left the
children went, too. One of her daugh
ters was the unfortunate Marie Antoin
ette, wife of "Louis XVI of France.
Toward the close of ber reign Maria
Theresa took part in the partition of
Poland. Which added 27,000 square
miles to. Austria. The last 17 years of
her life were spent in arduous labor
to increase her country's prosperity
and Us people's happiness. Her In
domitable wilt was broken only by
death. Her son Joseph, observjng her
exhaustion the last night of her life,
begged her to sleep. "In a few hour,"
she replied. "I shall o before the judg
ment seat of God; would you have me
lose my time in sleep?" She was fi
years old and had reigned more than
40 years. g". O: D.
A GREAT NEWSPAPER.
Brownsville Times.
In the way of Kew Tear editions Oreaen
comes well up to the head of. the list. This
year the splendid mammoth Oregonlan out
shone every efTort In that line heretofore at
tempted. The Oregonlan edition dealt wltn
the Lewis and Clark Exposition on a magmfl-
Ucent scale.
Toledo Leader.
The Oregonian's New Tear or Lewia and
Clark number must be seen and read to be
appreciated. It la too big, too artistic, too
meaty, toe complete to be described In tbe
Leader's limited space. If you want several
times your money's worth, send and get a
copy"; also send stveral to your friends in
the East.
Hilsboro Argti.
( The Xew Tear's edition of Th?" Oregonlan
appeared Monday morning, and it contained a
iplendld exposition of the resources. Industrie?,
productions and manufacture of the North,
west. and. all in alt, it was the finest de
scriptive edlUon ever published in the State
of Oregon, surpassing even former publication?
of like nature by the same paper.
Malheur Gazette.
The Oregonlan Is certainly a great newspaper.
The first page of the issue of January '-, 1805.
is a beauty, with the sun bursting above the
horizon to Impress Its morning klas upon the
icy brow of Mount Hood, "Where rolls the
Oregon." The Oregonlan Is a wonder In typo
graphical appearance. One can hardly con
ceive what a copy of such a paper means to
the advertising of Oregon and the Xewis and
Clark Centennial, 1005.
Dallas Observer.
Much space in the Xew Tear number of Thu
Morning Oregonlan Is devoted to the Ltwls
and Clark Exposition, to be held in Portland
next year, and the paper will, be widely cir
culated in the Eastern and Middle States,
whjere it will serve as an Invaluable aid in
attracting attention to the big Fair. The Ore
gonlan la one of the world's great newspapers.
It has always stood for all that is best in
Oregon, and has been, and will continue to be.
one of the great factors in the development of
the FaclCc Coast country.
Harrlsburg Bulletin.
The Oregonian's New Teaf' edition, which was
issued Monday of this week. Is, In our opinion,
the best efTort ever made in this line by Ore
gon's largest and best newspaper. The Orego
nlan is one of the pioneers of the Oregon
Country, to whom all look for reliable Informa
tion in every line. Tears ago It passed the
experimental period of its existence, and by
standing for what it thought was right and
working ever for the upbuilding of the country
which gave it birth, It has prospered until it
now stands In the front rank of the Nation's
leading Journals.
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
He Did you love m when you Urst saw
me? She Ob. no! I had to get used to you
first. Life.
"He has the drink habit, hasn't he?"
"He did have it. Now it has him." Cleve
land Plain Dealer.
Blanche Engaged? Why, he'ls consider
ably younger than she is. Fred Tea. but
he doesn't know it. Puck.
There Is nothing in which we take a great
er personal Interest than the things that
tend to our discomfort. Puck.
"Hey, sonny, is that clock right up there?"
"Cert. It's right up there. Did you t"lak It
was down In de gutter?" Life.
He iWUl you marry roe? She No. thank
you. He I thought perhapn you wouldn't
How do you llks that continued story that Is
running now In the Atlantic? Xxelsasge.