THE FRIDAY, JANUARY , JtWt
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PORTLAND, nUDAY, JAN. 6, 1305.
THE CONDUCT OF WAR.
German military opinion, say the
telegraphic reports, while acknowledg
ing the large moral effect of the fall of
Port Arthur in Inspiring the Japanese
and depressing the Russians, regards It
as only an Incident and as having little
relation to the Immense field operations
that will begin in the Spring. General
Kuropatkin, it is asserted in official
circles at Berlin, has 600,000 troops east
of Baikal, of which more than 400,000
are already gathered at Mukden. It is
impossible, the German military men
aver, for the Russians to cease fighting
with that army in being, -which, In the
Spring, they add, is ""likely to number
all told 700,000 men.
There is sound Judgment in these
statements Japan must now meet
Russia's great field forces. She can
hardly outnumber them; and as both
armies are In very strong positions,
which they have been fortifying a long
time, ;it is hard to say which of them
will take the next initiative. At pres
ent the ' game is merely a block.
Japan's advantage consists in the fact
that she is near the seat of war, and
with Port Arthur in her hands she "will
have no difficulty In getting forward
all necessary material of -war. Of
course it is Indispensable at all times
that she retain command of the sea.
But the use of strongholds in -war is
often much exaggerated. Strength for
-war is in armies, not in fortresses. The
nation that depends on fortresses al
ways loses in the struggle. To throw
troops into fortresses Is seldom a
measure of safety. No military genius
commits that mistake. Napoleon never
allowed himself io be trapped In a
fortress though some of his Generals
were, as Davout at Hamburg and Rapp
at Dantzlc. There are two theories or
schools of military science; one hold
ing that mobility is everything, the
other that power of resistance is the
surer force. Doubtless here, as in. all
other affairs, the truth lies between
two opposing theories, or perhaps in
combination of them. In Europe mili
tary writers are very busy with these
and other problems, to which new in
terest has been contributed by the pres
ent war.
Some of these iwriters go so far as to
denounce military strongholds as
danger to any country that constructs
them; partly on the grojmd that too
much reliance is likely to be placed on
them, as In the case of France in her
latest "war with Germany, and partly
on the ground that the real Issue of a
war in most cases must lie in quick
strategy and active combat. For noth.
ing Is settled 4o long as effective ar
mies remain In the field; and strong'
holds, If a country's armies are shut up
In them, are good for nothing. Ba
zaine's 200,000 men in Metz "were use
less to France. It Is earnestly con
tended by European military -writers
that Russia made a serious mistake in
not evacuating Port Arthur at the be
ginning of the war and adding the
forces garrisoned there to the army of
Kuropatkin, thus enabling him to at
tack Kuroki at the crossing of the
Yalu. Kurokl's army at this time. It la
said, was not strong, and with the ad
dition of the Port Arthur garrison
Kuropatkin could have defeated It at
the Yalu, and thus have changed the
course of the first part of the war.
The evacuation of the fortress would
have compelled the fleet to go out and
fight, it is held and Instead of dying
lngloriously it could at least have in
flicted some damage on the Japanese
fleet and have given the second Pacific
squadron under Rojestvensky a chance
of securing control of Eastern waters.
The argument on the other hand Is
that Russia, holding Port Arthur with
30,000 men, detained at least 100,000
Japanese;- that If these troops of
Japan could have pushed on up the
peninsula they would have added to
the already overwhelming forces of
Oyama, who would have been enabled
to crush Kuropatkin, before his rein
forcements could arrive. There is
much, doubtless, to be said on both
sides, as the common remark goes; but
each and every war has circumstances
of Its own, and hard and fast rules
cannot be applied to' every case. In
general It Is to be concluded that war
between powerful and resolute combat
ants can be ended only by hard pound
ing, and the advantage to one side or
to the other depends very greatly on
the generalship by which the Btrategy
is directed.
The success of Prussia when her ene
mies were about to overwhelm her was
not an achievement of her eoldiers, but
of Frederick; the marvelous campaign
of Italy and -the astounding result at
Austerllts were victories not so much
of the French' soldier' as bf Napoleon;
the campaign of the Jerseys, in the
dark days of our Revolution, was the
work of Washington, more than ot the
tagged and finiritlese, soldiers fte com
.manded. In war leadership, though
not everything,' Is almost everything;
and it find Its resources in -mobility.
In activity, in initiative energy. In cour
age guided -by Quick Judgment direct
ing sudden yet concerted and consecu
tive blows, rather than In sitting xiown
in strongholds and awaiting the onset
of the enemy.
PROPORTION OF THE SEXES.
In the enumeration of population the
sexes are almost equally divided. So
many boys are born and so many girls.
The numbers are nearly equal. IVhy,
the ord knows, doubtless: but he
doesn't tell.
Tet , there are more -males than fe
males; not many more, but some pro-
portion more. Doubtless it Is "the ob
ject of Nature to supply soldiers. These
secret and subtle purposes of Nature
may therefore be the proper answer to
those who long for universal peace.
.However this may be. -we have It
from the census of the United States
that part of it which is devoted to
statement of the- proportion of the
sexes in populaion that In the year
1900 there were 38.816,448 males and 37,-
178,127 females. Weshall have to kill
off, therefore, a bunch"of our male pop
ulation. Now If there were an excess
of females-we should find an argument
for Mormonlsm. But 'since there Is ex
cess of males, we may take it as an ar
gument for war. Nature makes no
mistakes. She Is -incapable of mistakes.
It is curious to observe that the pro
portion of males oyer females in our
country is increasing. In 1820 it was
much smaller than now. It was cut
down rapidly during the decade of the
Civil War 1860-1870 but .now Is greater
than ever. In. 1820 the excess oX males
In each 10,000 of population "was 160.
In 1870 it had fallen to 112. By 1300 it
had risen to 216. The males, therefore.
increase, If war doesn't take them off.
"Will the supporters of the new Hague
Conference tell us how, under their the
ory, "we are to rid ourselves of the
cankers of a calm world and a long
peace?
POPULATION OF CHINA.
From the days of Marco Polo, and
even from an earlier time, there has
always been matter of dispute as to
the population of China. Figures
running from 350,000,000 to 400,000,000
have repeatedly been given, only to be
disputed by persons who have made
careful inquiry: Investigators say" that
little credit is to be given to the meth
ods of the Chinese government In
making the enumeration, or in the .re
sults put forth under Its authority.
A new essay on the subject, by "Will
iam W. Rockhlll, head of the Bureau
of South American Republics, who is
to succeed Edwin H. Conger as Min
ister to China, is published. Mr. Rock-
hill has made China his special study
for twenty years and more, since,
through the aid of the late Professor
"W. D. Whitney, of Yale University, the
noted philologist, he was first sent out
to the diplomatic service to Corea. His
conclusion la that the population Is not
over 275,000,000, and probably consider
ably lessbetween 250,000,000 and 276,
000,000. But Mr. Rockhill says "there is one
reason In particular which from re
motest times has tended to keep a
higher rate of increase in China .than
in other countries of like natural ad
vantages, and that Is the deslfe of
every Chinese to have posterlty,"to keep
up the ancestral worship. According to
Menclus (B. C. 372-289), -there are three
unfilial acts, and to have no posterity
is the greatest of them.' To this belief
is due the universal practice of early
marriages, prevalent In China from the
earliest time. But, on the other side.
as tending to keep down the popula
tion, is the list of appalling disasters
and reigns of terror which, in other
eras, but particularly In the last cen
tury, have strewn China with the dead.
These are In addition to an ordinary
death rate apparently about twice as
high as among the whites of the United
States."
FOREIGN SHIPS WILL NOT RETIRE.
Some fears are expressed that the
passage of the bill recommended by the
Merchant Marine Commission will seri
ously affect Portland's export trade,
It Is argued that, as there are no
American steamers sailing out of this
port, the business will be diverted to
other ports where there are American
ships engaged. There is but small like
lihood of our being placed at much
of a disadvantage by the workings of
the new bill it it becomes a law. Port
land never secured any export business
or any other kind of business without
fighting for it. All of the concessions
that this city ever received from the
railroads or steamship lines came, not
as voluntary donations, but because
they had to come. We have grown and
prospered under a state motto ("She
flies with her own wings") which is still
full of truth, and we shall continue to
grow and prosper in spite of any at
tempted handicaps which men engaged
In building up rival ports may attempt
to place upon us.
The ship-subsidy .bill was concocted.
not for the purpose of facilitating our
commerce or reducing the cost of car
rying our products to market, but to
increase that cost. Under the protec
tion of the proposed subsidy, subven
tlon, graft, or whatever it may be
termed, the American lines plying out
of San. Francisco and PUget Sound will
largely Increase their profits, but not at
the expense of Portland's business. The
philanthropists who hope by playing on
-patriotic impulses and distorting the
facts regarding the true situation of
American shipping to get the proposed
law on the statute-books state that
they need the subsidy because the for
eigners can carry our freight cheaper
than it can be carried by the American
millionaires who are engaged in the
shipping business.
This Is an admission that they will
pocket the subsidy and make no change
In rates. But the foreigner who has
carried freight out of Portland on
sliding scale of rates will meet those
which are established by the bit com
bines, who whi get the greater part of
the proposed subsidy. If the subsidized
liners of Mr. Hill and Mr. Harrlman
cut the rate on flour to U per ton
which "would be a greater reduction
than would be warranted even by the
subsidy, Portland can still secure ton
nage at the same rate. Our patriotic
shipowners have not been working like
beavers to get this law on the books
and their hands In the Treasury be
cause they expect to reduce freights
Instead they will hold them where they
are or advance them and pocket the
subsidy In addition to their present
earnings.
So long as Portland can supply the
business for ships there will always be
tonnage to bandlff It, except when wo
are temporarily hypnotized by the
Schwerlns who occasionally drift Into
power and work a slight hardship be
fore" they are dethroned.- The Ameri
can shipowners, with the aid of an ex
tensive lobby at Washington, secured
the passage of a bill which provided
that all freight for the: Philippines
should be shipped In American bottoms.
It was intended by this law to throw
the business to Seattle and' San Fran
cisco, but the first cargoes sent across
the Pacific to Manila after the enact
ment of the law were sent from Port
land by American steamers which came
from Seattle to Portland because the
cargoes were unobtainable on Puget
Sound at satisfactory prices. Subsi
dized or unsubsidized, the ship will
continue to go to the cargo regardless
of what flag she Is sailing under.
STATE LAND LOANS.
Ten or twelve years ago the StaUs
Land Board was reckless In making
loans from the school funds, and a
number of loans were made upon In
sufficient security. As a consequence
the Board was compelled to foreclose
Its mortgages and take the land to
satisfy Its claim. In this way the state
acquired about 120 farms, more or less
Improved, and held them for a favor
able opportunity to sell. Eighty of the
farms have been 6old at some advance
on the amount of the cost to the state.
and, according to the report of State
Land Agent West, the remainder will
probably sell for less than the state's
original loan On the whole, he be
lieves that the state will come out
about even on the lands taken on fore
closure. This fortunate outcome. If it
should be as fortunate as predicted, will
be largely due to the prosperity of the
country and the advance In land values
which have enabled the state to sell
the lands at approximately the amount
Invested in them.
It is to be hoped that the state will
not be compelled to relearn Its lesson
on loaning money, as it did on selling
lieu land.
One experience of .ths kjnd J
described is .enough, and the state
should not again be forced to become
the owner of improved farms, for which
It can have no possible use. The man
agement of the state school fund is a
matter of business, and not of friend
ship or politics. Loans should be made
only upon first-class security after
careful Investigation, and this seems to
have been the practice of the Board for
the last six or eight years, for there Is
not now a bad loan outstanding that
was made in that ftne. The Board has
insisted upon prompt payment of in
terest, so that the amount of debt does
not grow large enough to Impair the se
curity or discourage the debtor. By
lending only one-third the amount of
the value of the property the state's
Interests are made safe and the bor
rower is not permitted to Incur an ob
ligation which hetrannot pay.. Yet who
knows but that we may again have a
State Land Board that will make loans
upon such email security that the state
will again be foreclosing mortgages
upon the farms of Its citizens?
A CLEAN CITY.
A timely suggestion by Mayor Will
iams In his annual message is, "Clean
up." Civic pride should at once respond
thereto, to the end that Portland will
be able to' show to the multitude of
visitors who. In her own name and the
name of the state,, she has Invited to
come here next Summer a dead, well-
ordered, city.
There Is absolutely nothing to hinder
this, unless It' may be indifference and
lack of civic pride. We can have clean,
unobstructed streets; a street-cleaning
department on the alert to do its duty;
a system of garbage collection that will
properly and effeclvely dispose of the
refuse of the city; a police force ade
quate for the protection of person and
property, and a fire department that
will insure, as far as human effort can
do thlB, the safety of the city from fire.
These things will cost large sums of
money. The taxpayers or .fortiana
have not been slow in responding to
the demands made upon them in sup
port of these interests In the past
Recognizing the fact that the city Is
making rapid growth, and that it will
be subjected to the scrutiny of a much
larger number of people this year than
In all of the previous years of Its his
tory, they will not be niggardly In ex
penditure now. Extravagance will be
frowned upon as. Indeed, It should be,
now and always; but parsimony will
not find favor with our public-spirited
citizens.
It Is well to remark here, however,
that money alone will not accomplish
what is needed to present a clean city
to the public gaze. The private citi
zen the householder, whether owner or
tenant school teachers, school children
all have an interest In the "clean
city" proposition made and urged by
the Mayor, which differs from that of
official responsibility In degree butnot
in kind. Thousands of rose bushes
have been planted along our streets.
These will be gorgeous with bloom
when the great Fair opens and visitors
begin to throng our thoroughfares.
Two or three weeks later they will be
unsightly with falling and withered
roses unless these are clipped and the
litter Is disposed of. Here Is work for
the children. They will need some In
struction in the manner of doing the
clipping so as to insure the quickest
response in the way of new buds and
roses. Mothers and teachers should be
able to give this instruction and at the
same time Imbue " the children with
pride and responsibility In the work.
This Is a simple thing, but it mans a
great deal tP a- city that aspires to be
known as a "Rose City" and invites the
world to come and receive proof of its
right to the title.
Another small thing that belongs to
the category of everybody's 'business
and is consequently nobody's business
is the lighter, street litter that offends
the eyes of orderly persons and which
is cast, here a little and there a little.
Into the streets. Banana and orange
pecls,apple -cores, paper bags from
which candy or fruit has been abstract
ed, cigar stumps anything which the
individual having used has no further
use for belongs to the category of
street litter for which the Individual
rather than the city is responsible. We
have ordinances prohibiting the cast
ing of rubbish upon the streets, but
for obvious reasons the observance of
these minor details that go so far
toward making a clean city depends
upon the individual.
Then we" have the reeking gutter,
pungent of noisome odors. All un
cleanness runs along the curb in many
places, notably along Burnslde street
three or four blocks from the west ap
proach to the bridge. It is useless to
appeal to the Civic pride or the lessees
or owners of those blocks in the hope of
making them clean up or keep clean
after the street department has done
Its- work. Zt Is here that the- rcguls-
tions against casting litter or refuse
r
of any kind In the streets mast be en
forced against tt individual ty T
power if at all?
And, last and greatest;" because Mt
widely diffused, and as disgusting, even
as -the reek of the gutters in fro at of
saloons where the lower element con
gregates and smokes? and drinks and
spews, is spitting on the streets and lh
public corridors. There is an ordinance
which makes this disgusting act a mis
demeanor, punishable by fine or im
prisonment, or both. Whatever else Is
done. we cannot hope to have a clean
city while this form of casting filth
in public places goes unpunished. Ap
peal to the spitter to stop this prac
tice on the basis of civic pride or of
personal or public decency is futile. His
sensibilities In these lines have been
blunted or destroyed. Otherwise he
would net be guilty of the misde
meanor. Other cities have enforced an
ordinance against this practice. What
others. have done Portland can do. Let
it proceed in earnest to" do this, or
abandon all thought of showing our
visitors next Summer a "clean city" in
the full extent of that term.
Japan will have a Urge number of
prisoners of war on her hands as the
result of General Stoeesel's capitulation,
and as many of the captives are sick
or wounded, there will be Increased
trouble in caring for them. Under The
Hague Convention, prisoners of war
must be given the same general treat
ment as the troops of the power holding
them. They may be required to do a
reasonable amount of work, but the re
sultant profits must be handed over to
the prisoners. A prisoner recaptured
after escaping must not be punished in
any way for his action, as the right to
escape is -universally conceded, even es
caped convicts not being returned by
the country to which they may fly. The
humane and honorable treatment ac
corded the Russians Is in striking con
trast with the license and rapine that
marked the storming of Port Arthur
when the Chinese held the fortress. The
murdering of helpless noncombatants
on that occasion shocked the world, and
the present restraint of the Japanese
troops is another Instance of Oriental
adaptability to changed conditions.
Foreign opinion is now a matter of im
portance to Japan, and every method
is used to influence It, even the bodies
of dead soldiers being dragged by sur
vivors to the Russian trenches, so that
foreign attaches may be impressed with
the manner in which the bayonet
charge had been pressed home.
Last year California Imported from
the East more than 13,000 tons of but
ter, eggs, cheese and poultry, and no
doubt the import Into Oregon and
Washington exceeded this proportion
What's the matter in this Western
country? Simply that life Is easy and
people are not disposed to work. But
how long till they will work? How
long till people who will work will
crowd out those who will not? Is this
spot of earth, in our Pacific States, bo
favored by Nature that means of living
are yet so easy that nobody will work?
Is this the reason why the natives on
this coast were the most degraded of
the human species In America? Are
our people, who settle down on the
Pacini Coast, to become incapable of
exertion? There are clams and berries
and fish, and a mild climate. A lazy
people can live, as the Indians did,
without effort. But are we to be con
tent with it? There is every oppor
tunity here; but exertion Beems to.be
irksome. We can beat the East In pro
duction of all things, but we don't, We
shall, some time, but first this leth
argy must be shaken off. First of all
things we must produce meats, poultry,
butter, cheese and canned fruits, and
not bring them over from the East by
thousands of tons.
At last the Czar has come to the con
elusion that a fleet In the Baltic Is
worth two In the Orient, end has re
called Rojestvensky, whose exploits
hitherto have not redounded to the
credit of his service. On the ground
that discretion is the better part of
valor, the Russian decision Is com
mendable. the only thing against It be
ing that delay will enable the Japanese
to close Vladivostok as effectually as
they closed Port Arthur, and the fleet.
therefore, will have less reason than
ever for leaving the seclusion of the
Baltic for the bogeys and dangers of
the open sea.
That General Stoessel should be tried
by court-martial for the surrender of
Port Arthur Is not only In accordance
with Russian custom, but with the cus
torn of almost every other nation. Such
a trial In no way casts any reflection
upon the conduct of the defense, but
is merely a precaution to Insure the
ventilation of all cases of surrender.
In the same way the survivors of
warship's crew are tried for the loss of
their vessel, even in- circumstances
that prevented them from exercising
any control over Its fate.
Never will a Jury be empaneled in
Multnomah, nor In Oregon, to try
Mayor Williams. Every man who may
be called and questioned will say in ad
vance that his mind Is made up, and he
never would vote for conviction, on
such a charge, Yet some few persons
say five on an accidental grand Jury,
who consult only with each other
and with their own narrow prejudices
may be very foolish on a particular
day, or at certain phases of the moon,
Even they, however, will recover.
The port J) f Portland now has a new
Sailor Boardlng-House Commission, but
the manner in which the local courts
kicked holes In the law which created
the former commission makes the es
teemed organization fully as effective
as the fifth wheel on a wagon. After
the experience of last year the gentle
men who entertain sailors will hardly
fall over each other to get before the
commission with the $250 fee which the
law says shall be charged for a license,
The demand of the receiver of the
shipbuilding trust for a fee of 4200,000
rhas been turned down by the court.
The receiver probably based his claim
or the percentage of profits which
Schwab; -Morgan et al. had hoped to
make out of the sale of stock before
the water flooded it out of the market
A project Is on foot td create a new
county In Eastern Oregon, to fce called
"Stockman." That name Is not slgnlfl
cant The Oregonlan motes for substl
tutlon of the name of some of the eml
nent pioneers of Oregon. Call the new
county Nesmlth.
If Mayor Williams ever comes to. trial
the District Attorney for Multnomah
County, who will be the prosecuting
officer. wjll nave before him' a- talk lie
J will no uoubt highly relish;
, NOTE AND COMMENT.
It's getting so 9t lata- that every tisaa
we see the picture of a pretty girl in-tk
papers we expect to find a patent-medicine
ad usderneath It
Vice-President-elect Fairbanks denies
that he died on a tram, bat fails to speci
fy where he did die.
An excellent way for a nation to "get
Into a scrap would be to Insist upon me
diating between Japan and Russia,
The Japanese are less successful in rais
ing the Russian ships than in sinking
them. :
Jaaars Robinson was sent to isil for 30
days st Mobile. Als for kiaslnr a rlrl aralnst
her wllL Milwaukee Wisconsin.
Never kiss a girl against her will; kiss
her against the door.
In a New Year's message to the New
York World Thomas W. Lawson we
won't mention him again for a week
tells of the meeting of Old Man ISO and
Infant 1903:
The connUes3 ghosts of the ruined and tha
crashed, whose shadowy feet tread the chill
rold pavement of Wall street after nlchtfall.
neara the old man murmur: "God be with
rou, and mar you do that which I and ray
predecezaiors have not done" and the flit
ter! nc teeth of the millions ot rats In the
cellars beneath the chill gold parement rat
tled and their sharp claws quivered with
dread as the Infant giant answered: "By
the rreat, glorious God. I will."
Lawson Is an authority on ratting.
Schoolteachers, next to ministers and
trust presidents, are the most criticised
class of people in the country. Even If
they were all angels the critics, would
find something unsatisfactory about them,
the way they rustled their wings, per
haps. A speaker at the National Educa
tional Association in Chicago has been
telling the department presidents that
not one teacher in ten walks correctly.
"Most of the teachers simply slide along
the easiest possible way." he said, "pay
ing no attention to the rules ot physical
culture, of which they are supposed to
have at least some knowledge. The, re
suit 13 often seen In the pupils, who also
form a careless, slovenly attitude In their
walking." Some one should have sug
gested to these authorities on education
that the teachers form their style of
walking from watching the hesitating
way in which the ghost walks.
Even the New York Evening Post has
turned iconoclast It demolishes the tra
dition that "black-eyed Junos" haunt the
Capitol to Jobby in behalf of a nefarious
measure that will ruin the rising young
Senator from "Irrigatia." An old resi
dent of Washington is quoted as saying
"I've been about the Capitol a whole lot
and yet I've never clapped eyes on any
of these superb and imperious Messallnas
of the lobby." Next we shall have the
Post saying that there are no typical
Western Congressmen, tall men in wide
black hats and flappy coats, with mouths
full of tobacco and picturesque profanity.
Mrs. Hobart Chatfield-Taylor, the Chi.
cago woman who opened a bookbinding
establishment a couple of weeks ago, not
because she needed the money, but be
cause she held that "a life of. Idleness is
stifling to a woman of possibilities," has
ruined her nervous system, by overwork
and has been compelled to abandon work
for stifling Idleness again. From 11:30 A.
M. to 12:30 P. M., and from i to 3 P. M.
Mrs. Hobart Chatfleld-Taylor visited her
office, gave out Interviews on "women in
business" and. posed for photographers.
ow the Inevitable .collapse has come.
.ears, no oart unatneia-Taylor went at
the thing too passionately. Without any
training she endeavored, to give up two
hours a day to being in an office, and of
course she broke down. Her misfortune
should be a lesson to other women whom
whim or necessity may force Into busi
ness. Make haste slowly, and don't try
to matte a fortune In five minutes.
X damsel who dwelt at Two Hirers
Fell down on a board full of sllrers;
If rumor be true.
She murmured "Boo hoo!
Now wouldn't that give yon" the shivers?'
Milwaukee Sentinel.
This might be amended to read:
A damsel who dwelt at Two Rivers
Fell down on a board full of silvers;
If rumor be true.
She called In a dentist.
And he s been extracUng them ever since.
It is a curious thing that when a habit
ual criminal is pinched ho nearly always
gives an Irish name to the police. Just
why this should be so, it is difficult to
say. It may be that the criminal desires
to establish a presumption of innocence.
The nom de gnerro selected by the writer
of the following letter is Irish, too, pos
slbly as a hint that there Is no snake In
the grass:
Fortiana. Or.. Jan. 6. To Note and Com
ment) The following hypothetical query
originally appeared la London Truth:
"Were the present war between the United
States and Japan, and had the former col'
lapsed as nas Russia, would the English be
inconsolable?"
I wilt ask you to reprint It. hoping that thft
man with the carrot nose and spasmodic
shoulders, who. yelled at Dr. wise in the
peace scrap Sunday last: "Rappl! Raps 11
Don't mind the tarn Irish!" may read It and
ponder.
"Hypothetical queries" are fine things
for pondering purposes, and this one is
interesting as an Indication that Labby
is up to his old tricks. He always was
fond of questions. Even the "Queer Sto
ries" he used to run or still runs on the
lust pace of Truth were questionable.
Lawon may not shock the System, but
if he keeps on he'll ruin a few nervous
systems.
-"Listening on the stage is a part ot the
finest equipment of a good actor," says
the Listener of the Boston Transcript.
We are glad to see this recognition ot the
rights of the audience. It's most dl
couraging to talk all through a show and
have the actors constantly disturb one by
talking too.
The Stenographers' Convention-, which
has been In convention In Chicago; could
not agree upon a standard of beauty.
strong effort Was made to establish this
"Eyes, like a gazelle: hair, wavy and
soft; complexion, natural and alabaster,
tinged with a pink glow; hands, small
and dimpled." An exchange remarks that
any stenographer possessing these quail
cations can always get a Job, but it seems
to us that, after reading of 'the Ch&dwick
case, an employer would be" frightened to
death of "eyes, like a gazelle." which is
reputed to have eyes full of that appeal
ifig look. An alabaster-tinged-with-a
pink-glow complexion ought to. be all
right, and dimpled hands would look well
on the keyboard of & typewriter, but eyes
like a gazelle's., never.
WEX. J.
Taking Care f the Pennies.
Philadelphia Press.
Plncner I believe in that old saying
about taking care of the pennies. You
know it don't you?
Spenders Oh, yes. "Take cart ot tke
pennies and -the dollars will take cafe of
your heirs."
GREAT WOMEN OF
-ELIZABETH-
(Br Arraseseeat "With
PROX "her father, tho. bluff, caprie--lous.
despotic Henry Vnl. Eliza
beth crorSher harsh, manlike voice.
athletic "body, hearty address, violent
temper,.' and a mind quick, confident
and comprehensive. From her mother.
tne beautiful, gay, voluptuous Anno
Boleyn, she Inherited a love of sensu
ous frivolity, finery, wit and jewels
Dounaies vanity and an insatiable love
of flattery. SUo swore like a trooper,
she spat on a courtier's coat when she
did not like It, she rode and danced
until the strongest of hep courtiers
were exhausted: she enthused her
troops by her warlike speeches and
-example; she governed her kingdom
with the will of a statesman and the
win oi a despot. At the same time
she coqueted like a girl of 16, kissed
whom she nlmi fn-nAiaA h.P
robin," Lord Leicester who already
had a wlfe before her whole court,
played with her rings thaf her cour-
uigui. nuie me aeneacy of her
hands, and had 3000 dresses from all
we countries or the world. Some one
aakod Disraeli why he got along with
Queen Victoria' so much better than
his rival, Gladstone. "He addresses
her like a public meeting." the Tory
leader rerjliert. r ti-ja o-
roan." "One cannot understand Eliza
beth without, bearing In mind that she
ivna u woman as wen as a Queen. She
lived in a great age the age of. the
discovery- of America, the age ot the
defeat of the Spanish Armada, the age
When Ens-land's .mnt nlnrfM !!-!-
ture wa3 produced. It would doubt
less nave Deen a great age had she not
lived in it. Having been born in It,
nsni royaiiy aid sne play her part.
Henry VHI divorced Catherine of
Arragon to marry Anne Boleyn. In
1536. When Elizabeth mo, Ia.d tVinn 1
years old, he beheaded Anna to marry
Jane Seymour; and at the same time
Mary, his daughter by Catherine, and
.ouzaDein, nis daughter by Anne, wero
declared illegitimate. Elizabeth was
13 years old when her father died and
her brother. Eflwnrfl vr nm h&
throne. She was 16 when Edward died
and Mary became Queen. She had had
several gooa teachers, had read Cicero,
SODhOCleS and Othnr Tltln an A flyadr
authors, and (had become proficient In
me lecnnique or music. She had also
entered alreadv nnnn a norr nt n
quetry which was to last the rest of
ner me. Admiral .Lord Seymour had
given her such attentions, and Eliza
beth had so far responded to them,
that their dubious relations had been
made a subject of public inquiry.
xier position oecame. a trying and
dangerous one- when Mary became
Queen. Mary, a bigoted Catholic,
speedily undid all her father and broth
er had done tn fr th Vno-llat, Phnui.
from toe control of the pope and per
secuted tne Protestants with a rigor
ous and bloodthirsty cruelty which
earned her th nlkngm. "ninmiv
Mary." Elizabeth consequently be
came the hope ot the Protestants, and
When Wv&tt mined rVllIlnn In
Mary threw her Into the tower. Had
one not nere, ano later in ner more
agreeable but "no less real prison at
WoodSfOCk. ndroltlv Mnfnrmoi) tn tha
Catholic ritual, she would undoubtedly
nave iosi ner neao.
November 17. 1558. itarv died nd
Elizabeth sucpeeded to the throne. The
new Queen was 25 years old and a
beautiful and when ahe chose to be
a cnarming woman. Her eyes were fine,
her figure commanding, her skin fair,
and her golden hair curled naturally.
She spoke French and Italian fluently,
and on one occasion when the Polish
Ambassador was insolent to her she
rated him roundly in Latin.
Bui Elizabeth, in thA nnaitlnn In
which she now found herself, had need
or qualities different from personal
beauty and a knowledge of Latin. The
nation's trade was decaved. Tt- wan
torn by religious dissensions. It was
waging a disastrous war against
France. She rasa in thi iwrailnn Pnno
Paul IV arrogantly declared that Eng-
ianq was a net oi me noiy see ana that
THINGS WE MUST FORGET.
Amusing Harmony Suggestions From
Across the Atlantic.
Chicago Tribune.
A month ago an English gentleman. Sir
Edward Clarke, suggested that the people
ot the United States call themselves
"Uaonlans" Instead of Americans. Now
another English cousin suggests a slight
modification of the National hymn, "The
Star Spangled Banner." Sir Howard Vin
cent, M. P., objects to the third verse for
the reason that it recalls the enmity for
Great Britain which rankled in the com
poser's heart when he penned the lines.
He declares that the words are inapplica
ble and out ot date, keep an old sore
needlessly running, and breed ill will
and distrust in young America. There
fore, by all means, let the third verse
be dropped and the hatreds' and passions
of older days forgotten.
The suggestion of Sir Vincent will bo
followed. The third verse will be dropped.
Any other suggestion In the interests of
international peace will be gladly re
ceived. Our Navy may be too large. Any
suggestion as to dispensing with all or a
part or that needlera functionary will be
gladly executed. There may be certain
Chapters in American history calculated
to excite hostility. It may be that such
chapters had better be dropped. The Dec
laration of Independence, when read at
Fourth of July celebrations, may awaken
mild anti-British sentiment among those
who try to understand why the instru
ment was promulgated. Probably it had
better be forgotten.
The correct understanding of history
and a true knowledge of the early strug
gles of a small but liberty loving people
are of no Importance when weighed
against the possible ill will which may re
sult when that country gets into a posi
tion to take care of itself and then learns
Who was its worst foe In the early days.
The British Insist that we are their
courins. That may be. The difference Is
that we used to be poor relations, and
now we are rich and powerful relatives,
upon whose forbearance depends the in
tegrity of their empire.
THIS RACE QUESTION.
Charleston (S. C.) Xe-ars and Courier.
Tho far-away Portland Oresonlan now takes
up the word and makes a klndlr and lntclll
gent comment upon the race question. It
declares that "the ghral opinion ot the
North holds It a mistake to push the negroes
Into conspicuous Federal positions In the
South, for it Is not done In the North, and It
Is best, moreover, not to touch the sensibil
ities o the South on this sore spot." And
then The CtegOhlan xJlts these pertinent ques
tions: "Whj- should we not begin In the
Northern StatesT" "Why not a negro Post
master at Boston, as well as a negro Collector
ot Customs at Charleston? Does anyone sup.
pose that 3assachusetta wouldn't roar as
loudly as South Carolina!"
Philadelphia. Record.
The Portland Oregonlan, one of the ablest
Republican Journals In the country, suggests
that If the President deilres to accurately
Saul the quality of public sentiment on tha
race question lie shall fdllor up his appoint
ment of a negro Collector of Customs at
Charleston. S. C. bj- the .appointment" ot a
negro Postmaster at Boston. Tha Oregonlan
opines that tie roar ot protest from Maiwachu
setts would make South Carolina dissent a
caueak by compaxlsos.
' MODERN TIMES
the Chicago Tribune.)
Elizabeth, being a bastard; cduld not
inherit Its crown.
Elizabeth, although sh liked
Catholicism better than Protestant
ism, accepted the challenge, perse
cuted tai Catholics cruelly, some
times fiendishly, and finished tlie. work
of making England a Protestant ha-"'
tlon. From statesmanlike wisdom
rather than tlmorousness she avoided
war as far as possible, and thus gave
tho country a chance to hoard and In
crease its strength. She was thrifty
with the crown revenues so much so
that she almost bankrupted the nobles
whom she made entertain her ah!
that she sent out the mon who de
stroyed the Spanish Armada with rot
ten food, and . in sinking ships. Shp
gathered about her Burleigh. Wal
singham. Nicholas Bacon, Throckmor
ton, Sadler as able statesmen as
ever were trusted with public busi
ness In England and under her and
their long administration the country
rapidly became prosperous, peaceful
and happy at home and feared, re-
spectvd and admired abroad. The
golden days of good Queen Bess" Is
no mere figure of speech. England
never had a ruler who understood its
people's temper, and needs better or
who ministered to their temper and
needs more successfully than thl3
great Queen. ,
The nearest claimant to the English
throne was Mary Queen of Scots, a
Catholic. The Protestants were there
fore anxious for Elizabeth to marry
and have an heir. To a deputation
from the House of Commons who ap
proached her on this subject she re
plied: "And for me It shall be suffi
cient that a marble stone declare that
a Queen, having reigned such a time,
lived and died a virgin." Neverthe
less she carried on more or less vigor
ous flirtations with Philip II of Spain.
Eric of Sweden, Henry HI. of Franc-.
Henry of Navarre, Archduke Charles
of Austria, and several minor admir
ers. She professed at 38 to dote on
the Duke Alencon, a hideous dwarf 13
years her Junior. But the real abject
of her love was the handsome and gal
lant Duke of Leicester, whom she
would hfcve married but for .Burleigh's
opposition. Her later affection for
the youthful Essex was more that of
a mother for her son. and she seems
never to have grieved much over hav
ing beheaded him for repaying her
love by raising a foolhardy rebellion.
In 156S Mary Queen of Scots took
refuge from her rcblllous Protestant
subjects in England. Instead of a
gusst. Elizabeth made her a prisoner
for life. -In 15S6 Mary was convicted
of complicity in a plot to assassinate
Elizabeth. The English Queen wanted
her enemy put out of the way, but also
wanted to avoid responsibility for the
deed, and she tried to have her killed
privately. Failing In this, she at last,
in February. I5ST. signed the warrant
for the Scotch Queen's death. After
Mary was dead Elizabeth, with coarse
hypocrisy, wrote her jaon, afterward
James I. of England,, expressing "ex
treme dolor" for the "miserable acci
dent." Elizabeth's love of finery, frivolity
and adulation grew with years. At 60
she dressed, danced and flirted like a
girl of 16. Raleigh, who knew her
weakness for flattery, compared her
to Alexander. Diana, Venus, Orpheus,
and angel, and a nymph, in a single
breath. But. on the whole, the close
of heir life was sad and konely. All
the men and women ot her time were
gone. The new generation did not
understand her and she did not under
stand it. Her health rapidly declined
in 1602. In 1603 she became sick and
melancholy.. She refused to take
medicine or to go to bpd, and" became
only a skeleton. Her old'quoenliness
flashed - up when Lord 'Beauchamp
was mentioned as her successor. "I
will have no rogue's son 4n my seat."
she exclaimed. But she fast became
insensible, and on March 2i. 1603. "her
great life quietly ebbed away. She
had Indicated by a motion of her head
that James, King of Scotland, was to
be her heir. She was 70 years old and
had reigned 45 years. s. O. D.
THE NEW YEAR'S OREGONIAiV.
Eugene - Register.
In It New Tear's edition The Oregonlan
has eclipsed all former efforts and prove
Its title to tielng the greatest paper published
on the Pacific Coast. The Oregonlan has the
best facilities of any paper in the West for
collecting accurate data and presenting the
same Is readable and comprehensive shape.
Pendleton Tribune.
Tho Orcgonian's Xew Year' edition elimi
nates it from competition In the Northwest in
special numbers. When: other papers want
a standard they must turn to Tha Oregonlan.
Its excellence Is s surprise each year, and Its
enemies and those who endeavor to 'become
a thorn In Ita flesh In business competition
etep aside and allow the brains and skill
of Tho Oregofilan to pass. Then they may
quarrel over the crumbs. Such a number
should be an inspiration to other newspaper
effort. It shows what may be attained by
perslsten, continuous labor, integrity and
hope In the future. It is an ideal that sort
ens the harder lines of the task Of newspaper
building and Inspires the ambition Of those
In this profession to greater endeavor.
Probably Greater Frauds in
Washington.
"Walla Walla Statesman.
And now it is charged that greater land
frauds have been committed In Idaho
than In Oregon. Probably an Investigation
would show that the State of Washing
ton can beat both of her sister states in
this' respect. Great syndicates by fair
means or foul have secured possession of
the most valuable timber lands of the
state. Much of this was purchased from
the Northern Pacific Railroad, which se
cured it under tho HeU land act, but there
Is good reason for believing that a con
siderable part of it was secured through
fraudulent entries, perjurjes and forger
ies, as in Oregon and Idaho,
OUT OF THE GINGER JAR.
The Lawyer H'm! "What makes you think
you wish td study to become a lawyer? The
Applicant Well, me folks object to me beln' a
burglar. Judge .
-Mr. Jackson Bam Shlnbone done got 30 days
in Jail fo' steaUn' chickens! Mr. Johnson
Gee! Dat's a long time to go wlvout chickens!
Puck.
Larry When th doctor came to vaccinate
y did yez roll up yez slave? Denny Shurc.
01 pulled up both av thlm awn dared him to
come outjilde. Chicago Daily News.
Excited Committeeman My! You're here at
last! 1 thought you were going to disappoint
us. lecturer I am. Just watch the audience
while I'm talking. Baltimore American.
Johnslnr To' aln' no heavyweight, now I tell
you 'dat! 'Kastus Is dat sd? Well, Aft aln'
hea.'d no visitors In de City Tourin &hs ask
whah, you Uvea at,, nelthah! Cleveland Leader.
"Monopoly Is the cause of our financial
troubles." said Mr. Torklns. "No, Charly.
dear." answered his wife. "I'm, sure you ar
mistaken. There Isn't any face horse by that
name." Washington st.
Miss Flyyrty Jack Hansom was telling me
about a romantic adventure he had at tha
party last night. It seems he bumped Into a
girl in a dark hallway and kissed her;- and he
i doesn't know yet Miss Elders Oh! tee-hee!
That was I. Miss Flyrty What? Oh! for
goodness eak. don't tell him now. Let him
love his romance. Philadelphia Press.
"Doctor." said the caner. "somehow I'm
afraid of pneumonia. There's a good deal of It
In town. I hear. What causes it? Riding In
coM cars?" "No." said the doctor. "That
toughens a man. All my pneumonia patients
contracted the malady by living In orerheated
(team flats." The caller went away with a
light heart. H --as doubly safe;-Cbicasa
Tribune.